Organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees

Abstract

The invention provides an organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees. The organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer applicable to the tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of tea tree pruning branch organic fertilizer, 25 to 35 parts of urea, 15 to 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 to 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of nitrogen nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide and 0.5 part of hydroquinone. The organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer applicable to the tea trees, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer can be developed on the basis of nutrient requirements and quality formation rules of the tea trees, scientific and effective utilization of pruned tea trees and a nutrient coupling effect of biochar are realized, slow release of fertilizer nutrients is realized, and the yield of the tea trees is increased. Therefore, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the growth of the tea trees is promoted, and the quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to an organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees. Background Art

[0002] With the highly intensive development of agriculture, the large-scale and disorderly application of chemical fertilizers not only leads to a decline in economic benefits, but also exacerbates agricultural non-point source pollution. Tea is one of the main cash crops in China and has become an important cultivated crop and an important economic source in the hilly mountainous areas of China. According to statistics, the area of tea gardens in China exceeded 50 million mu in 2023, achieving an agricultural output value of more than 260 billion yuan. However, under the background of the intensive development of agriculture and the transformation of the labor force structure, the extensive and disorderly management of tea tree nutrients not only leads to a decline in tea yield and quality, but also may exacerbate soil quality degradation and cause non-point source pollution brought by nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. At the same time, the growth cycle of tea trees is long, and the nutrient release of simple chemical fertilizers is fast, resulting in insufficient fertility during the sprouting and growth period of new buds, and reducing economic benefits. Tea trees are perennial evergreen shrubs and need to be pruned every year. The pruned branches and leaves are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other medium and trace elements, becoming an important resource for nutrient recycling. However, in traditional production, the pruned branches and leaves are often left in the tea tree rows, and their decomposition and nutrient release are deeply affected by the temperature and moisture conditions, resulting in a slow decomposition rate and a long cycle, and making little contribution to soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other substances.

[0003] The formulations of existing tea tree compound fertilizers basically adopt the general 15-15-15-TE compound fertilizer, but lack the consideration of the different proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient requirements of tea trees, and only apply chemical fertilizers alone, lacking the regulation of the later nutrient release of fertilizers or considering the later fertilizer efficiency, which not only leads to insufficient nutrient supply during the critical period of tea growth and quality formation, but also increases the amount of fertilizer application. At the same time, in existing fertilizers, there is a lack of regulation of the conversion loss of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil, exacerbating the loss of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of ammonia or nitrogen oxides, reducing fertilizer utilization efficiency and increasing ecological risks.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees, which can develop an organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer based on the nutrient requirements and quality formation rules of tea trees, realize the scientific and effective utilization of tea tree pruning materials and utilize the nutrient coupling effect of biochar, realize the slow release of fertilizer nutrients, thereby improving nutrient utilization efficiency and promoting the growth and quality improvement of tea trees.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees provided by the present invention includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of tea tree pruning branch organic fertilizer, 25-35 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of nitrogen nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, and 0.5 part of hydroquinone.

[0007] Preferably, trace elements are also included, and the trace elements are 0.5% each of iron, zinc and selenium.

[0008] Preferably, the tea tree pruned branches organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: the organic fertilizer is 20-30 parts of tea tree pruned branches, 20 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 10 parts of tobacco straw, 10 parts of potassium humate and 10 parts of nitrogen.

[0009] Preferably, the biochar is prepared from tea tree or other crop straws.

[0010] Preferably, the method for preparing the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1: Dry and crush the fermented organic fertilizer, and add other materials according to the proportion;

[0012] S2: Clay or kaolin in a weight ratio of 5-10% is fully mixed and granulated to obtain an organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the tea tree pruned branch organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0014] T1: Spread the pruned branches of the tea tree to dry in the sun and crush them in a crusher;

[0015] T2: Biochar: Cut the pruned branches into sections of about 10 cm, or choose rice, wheat, or corn crop straw, place them in a straw carbonization furnace, and pyrolyze them at 350-450℃ for 2 hours to make biochar;

[0016] T3: The tobacco straw is spread out to dry and then crushed;

[0017] T4: After mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, measure the maximum water holding capacity of the materials, and then adjust the moisture content of the materials according to 60% of the maximum water holding capacity;

[0018] T5: Pile fermentation: Choose a flat place with sunny and sheltered terrain, pile the prepared materials, and ferment them naturally for about 1 month to make organic fertilizer for tea tree pruning branches.

[0019] Compared with the related art, the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention provides an organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees, which can improve the internal circulation of nutrients in tea trees and the coupled slow release of chemical fertilizers: the branches and leaves pruned from tea trees are combined with biochar and potassium fulvate to ferment organic fertilizers, so as to realize the recycling of nutrient substances in tea tree branches and leaves, and biochar and potassium fulvate activate and couple the added nutrient elements, realize the slow release supply of nutrients and regulate the supply of tea tree nutrient requirements in a balanced manner; it can regulate the nutrient ratio according to the nutrient requirements of tea trees: according to the characteristics of high nitrogen, medium potassium and low phosphorus required in the formation of tea tree yield and quality, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is formulated, and beneficial trace elements are added to realize the balanced and effective supply of nutrients; according to the characteristics of the long nutrient supply cycle of tea trees and the fast conversion of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, a nitrogen compound regulator is added to reduce the conversion loss of nitrogen, improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers and maintain a good tea garden ecosystem. Specific Embodiments

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0022] The organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees includes:

[0023] (1) Organic fertilizer from tea tree pruning branches: The organic fertilizer is composed of 20-30 parts of tea tree pruning branches, 20 parts of biochar from tea tree or other crop straws, 10-20 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 10 parts of tobacco straw, 10 parts of potassium fulvate, 10 parts of nitrogen. Adjust the water content to about 60% of the maximum water holding capacity and carry out anaerobic fermentation for about 1 month (depending on the fermentation temperature), and make the biochar-based organic fertilizer of tea tree branches.

[0024] Specific steps:

[0025] 1). Spread and dry the branches pruned from tea trees and crush them with a crusher;

[0026] 2). Cut the pruned branches to about 10 cm segments with biochar, or select crop straws such as rice, wheat, and corn, place them in a straw carbonization furnace, and pyrolyze them at 350-450 °C for 2 hours to make biochar;

[0027] 3). Spread and dry the tobacco straw and then crush it;

[0028] 4). Mix the raw materials according to the ratio, measure the maximum water holding capacity of the materials, and then adjust the water content of the materials to about 60% of the maximum water holding capacity;

[0029] 5). Stack and ferment until fully decomposed: Select a flat and sunny place with a leeward slope, stack the prepared materials, and carry out natural fermentation for about 1 month to make biochar organic fertilizer.

[0030] (2) Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: 30 parts of organic fertilizer, TE (0.5% each of iron, zinc, and selenium), 25 - 35 parts of urea, 15 - 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 - 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), and 0.5 part of hydroquinone are mixed to produce an organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer. Using clay or kaolin as a binder, the mixed materials are granulated to produce an organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees.

[0031] Specific steps:

[0032] 1). Dry and crush the fermented and mature organic fertilizer, and add other materials in proportion.

[0033] 2). Add 5 - 10% by weight of clay or kaolin, mix well and granulate.

[0034] The organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees provided by the present invention can realize the resource recycling of nutrients in tea tree pruning: it can replace 3, 1, and 2 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium chemical fertilizers per mu respectively, reducing the usage amount of chemical fertilizers; it can increase the soil organic matter content: through 1 year of application, the soil organic matter content in the surface layer of 0 - 10 cm can be increased by about 2 g / kg, effectively improving the soil quality; it can delay the fertilizer release rate and ensure the nutrient supply for tea trees: the nutrient release time of nitrogen and phosphorus can be delayed by about 30 days, thus conforming to the nutrient demand law of tea trees; the nitrogen fertilizer loss rate is reduced by 20 - 30%, and the comprehensive fertilizer utilization rate is increased by about 10%.

[0035] Table 1 Comparison of usage effects of different schemes

[0036]

[0037] Compared with the related technology, the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The present invention provides an organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees, which can improve the internal circulation of tea tree nutrients and the coupled slow release of chemical fertilizers: the branches and leaves pruned from tea trees are combined with biochar and fulvic acid potassium to ferment organic fertilizers, thereby realizing the recycling of nutrient substances in tea tree branches and leaves, and biochar and fulvic acid potassium activate and couple the added nutrient elements to achieve slow release of nutrients and regulate the supply of tea tree nutrient requirements in a coordinated manner; it can regulate the nutrient ratio according to the nutrient requirements of tea trees: according to the characteristics of high nitrogen, medium potassium, and low phosphorus required in the formation of tea tree yield and quality, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients is formulated, and beneficial trace elements are added to achieve balanced and effective nutrient supply; according to the characteristics of the long nutrient supply cycle of tea trees and the fast conversion of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, a nitrogen compound regulator is added to reduce the nitrogen conversion loss, improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and maintain a good tea garden ecosystem.

[0039] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and do not thereby limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall similarly be included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of organic fertilizer from tea tree pruning branches, 25 - 35 parts of urea, 15 - 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 - 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, and 0.5 part of hydroquinone.

2. The organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes trace elements, and the trace elements are 0.5% each of iron, zinc, and selenium.

3. The organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees according to claim 2, wherein, The organic fertilizer from tea tree pruning branches includes the following raw materials: 20 - 30 parts of tea tree pruning branches as the organic fertilizer, 20 parts of biochar, 10 - 20 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 10 parts of tobacco straw, 10 parts of fulvic acid potassium, and 10 parts of nitrogen.

4. The organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees according to claim 3, characterized in that The biochar is prepared from tea tree or other crop straws.

5. The organic-inorganic multi-functional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer suitable for tea trees includes the following steps: S1: Dry and crush the fermented and mature organic fertilizer, and add other materials according to the ratio. S2: Add clay or kaolin in a proportion of 5 - 10% by weight, mix well and granulate to obtain the organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer.

6. The organic-inorganic multifunctional compound fertilizer applicable to tea trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of the organic fertilizer from tea tree pruning branches includes the following steps: T1: Spread and dry the tea tree pruning branches, and crush them with a crusher. T2: Cut the pruned branches into about 10 cm segments with biochar, or select rice, wheat, or corn crop straws, place them in a straw carbonization furnace, and pyrolyze at 350 - 450 °C for 2 hours to make biochar. T3: Spread and dry the tobacco straw, and then crush it. T4: Mix the raw materials according to the ratio, measure the maximum water holding capacity of the materials, and then adjust the water content of the materials to 60% of the maximum water holding capacity. T5: Stack and ferment until mature: Select a sunny and flat place with a leeward direction, stack the prepared materials, and naturally ferment for about 1 month to make the organic fertilizer from tea tree pruning branches.

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