Foam-based heat insulation friction electric material, preparation method, sensor and fault detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a foam-based heat insulation friction electric material, a preparation method, a sensor and a fault detection method, and relates to the technical field of intelligent sensing and vibration anomaly detection.The preparation method comprises the steps that a mixture of glucose and ammonium chloride is added into deionized water to form a homogeneous solution; adding crushed crude pearlite into the homogeneous solution, stirring, and calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a black foamed solid; grinding the black foamed solid into perlite-graphene composite particles; and mixing the perlite-graphene composite particles into the PDMS prepolymer according to a preset doping ratio, and stirring and curing to obtain the foam-based heat-insulating friction-electricity material. According to the invention, the technical problems of instability and low accuracy of a traditional sensor under high temperature and long-time operation are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent sensing and vibration anomaly detection, and particularly to a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material, a preparation method, a sensor, and a fault detection method. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging energy harvesting and self-powered sensing technology, triboelectric nanogenerators have shown great potential in the field of mechanical vibration monitoring due to their simple structure, flexible material selection, and strong environmental adaptability. However, the triboelectric layer materials of traditional triboelectric nanogenerators have significant limitations in high-temperature environments. For example, the extreme high temperatures (usually exceeding 100 °C) generated during the operation of industrial equipment such as engines can cause thermal degradation of conventional polymer-based triboelectric materials (such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)), resulting in a sharp decline or even failure of the electrical output performance. In addition, existing triboelectric nanogenerator sensors generally suffer from insufficient sensitivity and narrow dynamic response range in high-temperature vibration detection, making it difficult to accurately capture the characteristics of complex vibration signals and limiting their application in high-precision scenarios such as engine and compressor fault diagnosis.

[0003] Currently, the improvement research on triboelectric nanogenerators for high-temperature environments mainly focuses on the development of heat-resistant materials. For example, using ceramic fibers to reinforce the triboelectric nanogenerator structure improves the heat resistance, but the high rigidity of the material reduces the vibration sensing sensitivity. In addition, existing engine vibration monitoring systems mostly rely on piezoelectric sensors or accelerometers. Such devices require external power supply and have limited high-temperature resistance (such as piezoelectric ceramics being prone to polarization failure at 200 °C), and also lack the ability to classify multiple faults based on the dynamic range of vibration signals.

[0004] In terms of signal processing, traditional methods usually judge vibration anomalies through threshold methods. For example, there are various types of engine faults (such as bearing wear, piston imbalance, ignition anomaly, etc.), and a single threshold is difficult to distinguish complex fault modes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor with high-temperature resistance, high output stability, and intelligent fault diagnosis ability to achieve efficient monitoring of engine vibration status. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems of instability and low accuracy of traditional sensors under high temperature and long-term operation, embodiments of the present invention provide a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material, a preparation method, a sensor, and a fault detection method. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a preparation method of a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material is provided, including: adding a mixture of glucose and ammonium chloride into deionized water to form a homogeneous solution; adding perlite powder to the homogeneous solution and stirring, and calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a black foamy solid; grinding the black foamy solid into perlite-graphene composite particles; mixing the perlite-graphene composite particles into a PDMS prepolymer at a preset doping ratio, stirring and curing to obtain the foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material.

[0007] Optionally, the preset doping ratio includes 2wt%-10wt%.

[0008] Optionally, the calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere includes: calcining at a temperature of 900°C - 1350°C for 3h - 5h in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0009] On the other hand, a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material is also provided, which is made based on the preparation method of the foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0010] On the other hand, a high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric nanogenerator is also provided, including a friction layer and two electrodes, the friction layer is arranged between the two electrodes, and the friction layer is made of a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the friction layer includes 1mm - 3mm.

[0012] Optionally, both of the two electrodes are copper conductive tapes.

[0013] On the other hand, a fault detection method for a high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric nanogenerator provided in the embodiments of the present invention is also provided, including: based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, acquiring vibration signal data of a vibration machine body to be detected; judging whether the vibration signal data is within a preset vibration data range; if so, judging that the vibration machine body to be detected is in a fault-free state; if not, judging that the vibration machine body to be detected is in a fault state, and determining the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected based on a preset fault database.

[0014] Optionally, the method further includes: based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, acquiring a normal vibration data set of the vibration machine body to be detected in a fault-free state; preprocessing the normal vibration data set to obtain a preset vibration data range; based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, acquiring a fault vibration data set of the vibration machine body to be detected in different fault states; preprocessing the fault vibration data set to obtain a preset fault database; the preset fault database includes fault vibration data ranges corresponding to different fault types.

[0015] Optionally, determining the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected based on a preset fault database includes: determining the fault type corresponding to the fault vibration data range where the vibration signal data is located as the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected.

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention provide a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material, a preparation method, a sensor, and a fault detection method. By designing a perlite-graphene composite foam-based triboelectric nanogenerator, the synergistic optimization of the heat resistance and triboelectric performance of the material is achieved, and the vibration response sensitivity is improved by combining the hierarchical pore structure design; a low-cost and simple preparation method is used to synthesize the foam-based thermally insulating composite material and designed as a high-temperature vibration sensor to detect abnormal vibrations of machines, overcoming the problems of instability and inaccuracy of traditional sensors under high temperature and long-term operation, and filling the gap in the field of abnormal vibration sensing of high-temperature intelligent engines and air-conditioning compressors in the prior art. Description of the Drawings

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a preparation method of a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is an XRD diagram of perlite-graphene composite particles obtained by the preparation method provided by this embodiment;

[0020] Figure 3 is a Raman diagram of perlite-graphene composite particles obtained by the preparation method provided by this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 4 is a TEM diagram of perlite-graphene composite particles obtained by the preparation method provided by this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 5 is a thermal conductivity and thermogravimetric test diagram of a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a thermal insulation test diagram of a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7is a structural schematic diagram of a high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermal insulation friction nanogenerator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 is a voltage, current and stability test diagram of a high temperature vibration sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the output performance and heat resistance of a high temperature vibration sensor in a contact and separation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a power supply test diagram of a high temperature vibration sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 It is a flow chart of a fault detection method of a high temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermal insulation friction nanogenerator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 is an abnormal vibration detection diagram of a high temperature vibration sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 13 A detection fault output signal and a stability diagram of a high temperature vibration sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0033] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a foam-based heat-insulating friction-electric material according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step S102: Add the mixture of glucose and ammonium chloride into deionized water to form a homogeneous solution.

[0037] Step S104: Add perlite powder to the homogeneous solution and stir, and then calcine it under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a black foamy solid.

[0038] Preferably, under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcine at a temperature of 900°C - 1350°C for 3h - 5h.

[0039] Step S106: Grind the black foamy solid into perlite-graphene composite particles.

[0040] Step S108: Mix the perlite-graphene composite particles into the PDMS prepolymer at a preset doping ratio, stir and cure to obtain a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material.

[0041] Among them, PMDS in the embodiments of the present invention is polydimethylsiloxane, which is a polymer material.

[0042] Optionally, the preset doping ratio includes 2wt% - 10wt%, preferably, the preset doping ratio is 4wt% - 8wt%.

[0043] Several alternative embodiments of a method for preparing a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] Mix glucose and ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 1:1, add deionized water to form a homogeneous solution; then add 2g of perlite powder to the solution and stir for 10 - 30 minutes, and then calcine at 900 - 1350°C (heating rate of 1 - 5°C / min) under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 - 5 hours; finally, grind the black foamy solid into perlite-graphene composite particles (Ex-Pe@G particles).

[0046] The doping ratio of Ex-Pe@G particles is 2 - 10wt%, and the mass ratio of the PDMS prepolymer to the curing agent is 10:1; the mixing and stirring speed is set to 200 - 800 rpm / min, the stirring time is 5 - 30 minutes, and the curing condition is heating at 100 - 150°C for 30 - 50 minutes, and finally a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material is obtained.

[0047] Among them, the preferred doping ratio of Ex-Pe@G powder is 4 - 8wt%, and the stirring speed is 400 - 800 revolutions per minute to form a multi-porous composite foam triboelectric material with a pore size distribution of 10 - 200μm.

[0048] Embodiment 2:

[0049] Mix glucose and ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 1:1, add deionized water to form a homogeneous solution; then add 2 g of perlite powder to the solution and stir for 10 minutes. Subsequently, under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcine at 1200 °C (heating rate of 3 °C / min) for 3 hours; finally, grind the black foamy solid into Ex-Pe@G particles.

[0050] The doping ratio of Ex-Pe@G particles is 4 wt%, and the mass ratio of the PDMS prepolymer to the curing agent is 10:1; the mixing and stirring speed is set at 400 rpm / min, the stirring time is 10 minutes, and the curing condition is heating at 120 °C for 50 minutes.

[0051] Figure 2 It is the XRD pattern of the perlite-graphene composite particles obtained by the preparation method provided in this embodiment. Figure 3 It is the Raman pattern of the perlite-graphene composite particles obtained by the preparation method provided in this embodiment. Figure 4 It is the TEM pattern of the perlite-graphene composite particles obtained by the preparation method provided in this embodiment.

[0052] Embodiment 3:

[0053] Mix glucose and ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 1:1, add deionized water to form a homogeneous solution; then add 2 g of perlite powder to the solution and stir for 30 minutes. Subsequently, under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcine at 1350 °C (heating rate of 5 °C / min) for 5 hours; finally, grind the black foamy solid into Ex-Pe@G particles.

[0054] The doping ratio of Ex-Pe@G powder is 8 wt%, and the mass ratio of the PDMS prepolymer to the curing agent is 10:1; the mixing and stirring speed is set at 800 rpm / min, the stirring time is 20 minutes, and the curing condition is heating at 110 °C for 40 minutes.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention also provide a foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material, which is made based on the preparation method of the foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5 It is the thermal conductivity and thermogravimetric test pattern of a foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6 It is the thermal insulation test pattern of a foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material provided in the embodiments of the present invention. As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material provided in the embodiments of the present invention has good thermal insulation and heat resistance performance.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermal insulation triboelectric nanogenerator provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, it includes a friction layer 1 and two electrodes 2. The friction layer 1 is arranged between the two electrodes 2. Among them, the friction layer 1 is made of a foam-based thermal insulation triboelectric material provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Preferably, the thickness of the friction layer 1 is 1 mm - 3 mm.

[0061] Preferably, both of the two electrodes 2 are copper conductive tapes.

[0062] Preferably, a PVC layer 3 is further arranged outside the two electrodes 2.

[0063] In an optional implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the size of the high-temperature vibration sensor is 4 cm × 4 cm × 1 - 3 mm.

[0064] Figure 8 It is a test diagram of the voltage, current and stability of a high-temperature vibration sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] The embodiment of the present invention conducts tests on the output performance and heat resistance of the high-temperature vibration sensor in the contact-separation mode, and the test results are as Figure 9 shown.

[0066] Figure 10 It is a power supply test diagram of a high-temperature vibration sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] It can be seen from Figures 8 - 10 that for a high-temperature vibration sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the maximum output voltage can reach 186 V at room temperature, and the short-circuit current is 0.3 μA / cm2; at 200 °C, the highest output voltage can reach 106 V, and the short-circuit current is 0.16 μA / cm2. The highest heat-resistant temperature is 200 °C.

[0068] The triboelectric nanogenerator is an innovative energy harvesting technology that generates charges through the contact and separation between materials and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The embodiment of the present invention utilizes the working principle of the triboelectric nanogenerator and uses the foam-based thermal insulation triboelectric nanogenerator as the high-temperature vibration sensor, which can have good thermal insulation performance and stable output signals when detecting the vibration of the vibrating body, and solves the technical problems that traditional sensors will cause the decline of the stability and accuracy of the sensors, and even cause the failure and loss of the sensors and cannot meet the requirements of long-term operation in high-temperature and long-term operation environments.

[0069] Embodiment 4

[0070] Figure 11 It is a flowchart of a fault detection method for a high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermal insulation triboelectric nanogenerator provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 11 shown, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0071] Step S1102, based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, obtain the vibration signal data of the vibration machine body to be detected.

[0072] Optionally, the vibration machine body to be detected includes an engine and an air-conditioning compressor.

[0073] Specifically, the foam-based thermal insulation triboelectric nanogenerator is used as the high-temperature vibration sensor and installed on the body of the engine or the air-conditioning compressor, and the data acquisition device is connected through a conductive copper wire to collect the signal data at different vibrations.

[0074] Step S1104, determine whether the vibration signal data is within the preset vibration data range; if so, execute step S1106; if not, execute step S1108.

[0075] Step S1106, determine that the vibration machine body to be detected is in a fault-free state.

[0076] Step S1108, determine that the vibration machine body to be detected is in a fault state, and determine the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected based on the preset fault database.

[0077] Specifically, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes obtaining the preset vibration data range and the preset fault database before detecting the fault of the vibration machine body to be detected. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0078] Step S101, based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, obtain the normal vibration data set of the vibration machine body to be detected in a fault-free state;

[0079] Step S102, preprocess the normal vibration data set to obtain the preset vibration data range;

[0080] Step S103, based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, obtain the fault vibration data set of the vibration machine body to be detected in different fault states;

[0081] Step S104, preprocess the fault vibration data set to obtain the preset fault database; the preset fault database includes the fault vibration data ranges corresponding to different fault types.

[0082] Specifically, step S1108 further includes the following steps: determine the fault type corresponding to the fault vibration data range where the vibration signal data is located as the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected.

[0083] Figure 12 It is an abnormal vibration detection diagram of a high-temperature vibration sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 It is a detection fault output signal and stability diagram of a high-temperature vibration sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention provide a foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material, a preparation method, a sensor, and a fault detection method. Compared with the prior art, it has the following technical effects:

[0085] (1) A flexible composite foam triboelectric material with thermal insulation, flame retardancy, and good mechanical properties is prepared by using a low-cost and simple synthesis method.

[0086] (2) The triboelectric nanogenerator unit with a flexible structure design can be flexibly designed in size according to the invention requirements, enhancing the collection efficiency of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and expanding the application scenarios.

[0087] (3) The foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric nanogenerator can be used as a high-temperature vibration sensor to withstand the operation of engines and air-conditioning compressors in a long-term high-temperature environment, and can achieve efficient energy collection and intelligent sensing detection applications.

[0088] (4) The present invention can be used as a high-temperature vibration sensor to detect the abnormal vibration state of engines and air-conditioning compressors, and can directly supply power to intelligent electronic devices or sensors. After adding a super capacitor to form a self-powered system in circuit management, the vibration energy can be directly collected, simplifying the circuit management and continuously dynamically monitoring the states of engines and air-conditioning compressors.

[0089] As described above, the above are only the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a foam-based heat-insulating triboelectric material, characterized in that, Including: Adding a mixture of glucose and ammonium chloride into deionized water to form a homogeneous solution; Adding perlite powder to the homogeneous solution and stirring, and calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a black foamy solid; Grinding the black foamy solid into perlite-graphene composite particles; Mixing the perlite-graphene composite particles into a PDMS prepolymer at a preset doping ratio, stirring and curing to obtain a foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset doping ratio includes 2wt%-10wt%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere includes: calcining at a temperature of 900°C - 1350°C for 3h - 5h in a nitrogen atmosphere.

4. A foam-based thermally insulating triboelectric material, characterized in that, Manufactured by the preparation method of the foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material according to any one of claims 1 - 3.

5. A high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermally insulated triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising a friction layer and two electrodes, the friction layer being disposed between the two electrodes, characterized in that, The friction layer is made of a foam-based thermal insulation and triboelectric material according to claim 4.

6. The high-temperature vibration sensor based on a foam-based thermally-insulated triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, wherein The thickness of the friction layer includes 1mm - 3mm.

7. The high-temperature vibration sensor based on the foam-based thermally-insulated triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both of the two electrodes are copper conductive strips.

8. A fault detection method for a high-temperature vibration sensor based on the foam-based thermally-insulated triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, Including: Based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, acquiring vibration signal data of the vibration machine body to be detected; Judging whether the vibration signal data is within a preset vibration data range; If so, judging that the vibration machine body to be detected is in a fault-free state; If not, judging that the vibration machine body to be detected is in a fault state, and determining the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected based on a preset fault database.

9. The fault detection method according to claim 8, wherein The method further includes: Based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, acquiring a normal vibration data set of the vibration machine body to be detected in a fault-free state; Performing preprocessing on the normal vibration data set to obtain a preset vibration data range; Based on the high-temperature vibration sensor, acquiring a fault vibration data set of the vibration machine body to be detected in different fault states; Performing preprocessing on the fault vibration data set to obtain a preset fault database; the preset fault database includes fault vibration data ranges corresponding to different fault types.

10. The fault detection method according to claim 9, wherein, Determining the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected based on the preset fault database includes: Determining the fault type corresponding to the fault vibration data range where the vibration signal data is located as the fault type of the vibration machine body to be detected.

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