Electrolyzed water catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof
The non-platinum metal cluster catalyst with s-block metal ion doping on a nitrogen-doped carbon or metal oxide substrate addresses the slow kinetics and high costs of alkaline HER by enhancing interfacial water interactions, achieving high current density and long-term stability in alkaline electrolysis.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510547181.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-15
AI Technical Summary
The existing alkaline water electrolytic catalysts have low activity, slow kinetics, high cost, and insufficient long-term stability in alkaline media, which limits their commercial application.
Using non-Pt metal cluster catalysts, the water molecules configuration on the surface of the catalyst are regulated by doping s-region metal ions, such as Na, K, Cs, Ca, Mg, and Sr ions, to the substrate, reducing the hydrolysis energy barrier, improving the reaction kinetics, and applying them in alkaline anion exchange membrane electrolytic cells.
It achieves high current density and long-term stability at low tank voltages, reduces catalyst costs, and enhances the commercial application prospects of alkaline electrolytic water.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of alkaline electrolyzed water, and specifically to an electrolyzed water catalyst, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Globally, there has been an increasing emphasis on renewable energy and carbon emission reduction. Against this backdrop, green hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, has gradually drawn wide attention in terms of its production and application (Nature Energy. 3 (2018) 773 - 782). Electrolyzed water can utilize the electrical energy generated by waste heat or be coupled with renewable but intermittent energy to achieve the production of high-purity hydrogen. The alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) generally has slow reaction kinetics because additional energy is required to break the water dissociation energy barrier. For the alkaline HER reaction, due to the slow water dissociation rate, even the most advanced HER catalyst, platinum (Pt), has an activity two to three orders of magnitude lower in neutral / alkaline media than in acidic media (Nat Commun. 15, (2024) 448 - 458), which severely restricts the commercial application of alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production technology. Therefore, improving the water dissociation ability of electrocatalysts is crucial for enhancing alkaline hydrogen evolution kinetics.
[0003] In addition, the use of non-platinum-based catalysts can greatly reduce the cost of electrolyzed water, thereby further reducing the cost of hydrogen production. For example, cluster catalysts, due to their unique adjustable coordination environment and metal-support interaction characteristics, can precisely regulate the electronic structure of metal centers, significantly increase the density of active sites, and promote the electron transport process. Moreover, cluster catalysts, with their high atomic utilization efficiency, can greatly reduce the noble metal loading, thus significantly reducing the catalyst cost.
[0004] During the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction process, the regulation of the microenvironment at the interface between the catalyst and the electrolyte is particularly crucial. Although there have been studies optimizing the electronic structure of active sites and the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates through various material structure regulation strategies, the pH kinetics limitation in alkaline media still restricts its practical application. Currently, the regulation of alkali metal ions on interfacial water is usually carried out in the electrolyte, exploring the effects of different cations in the electrolyte on the interfacial water structure and double electric layer, etc., and deeply exploring the influencing factors of pH kinetics from a theoretical aspect. However, on the one hand, the relevant research on the electrolyte cannot be used to improve the catalyst, so the relevant research on the regulation of the surface microenvironment of the catalyst by alkali metal cations remains blank. On the other hand, current relevant catalysts are rarely applied in AEMWE. In addition, the activity and stability of cluster-type alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysts in AEMWE are limited, especially in terms of long-term stability, and most can only operate within 200 h, which is far from the goal of industrial application. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrolyzed water catalyst, its preparation method and application. The electrolyzed water catalyst provided by the present invention exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in an alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer, achieving a high current density at a low cell voltage and also showing excellent long-term operation stability.
[0006] The present invention provides an electrolyzed water catalyst, comprising:
[0007] A substrate;
[0008] Non-Pt metal clusters loaded on the substrate, and the non-Pt metal is selected from one or more of Ru, Ni, and Fe;
[0009] s-block metal ions doped on the non-Pt metal clusters, and the s-block metal ions are selected from one or more of Na ions, K ions, Cs ions, Ca ions, Mg ions, and Sr ions.
[0010] The electrolyzed water catalyst provided by the present invention is an s-block metal cation-doped non-platinum cluster catalyst, which uses a nitrogen-doped carbon material substrate or a metal oxide substrate as the substrate, and the non-Pt metal clusters are loaded on the substrate. The non-Pt metal is preferably selected from Ru and Ni; or, the non-Pt metal is preferably selected from Ru and Fe. The non-Pt metal clusters of the present invention are doped with s-block metal ions, specifically, the surface of the non-Pt metal clusters is doped with s-block metal ions. Among the s-block metal ions of the present invention, Na ions, K ions, and Cs ions belong to alkali metal cations, and Ca ions, Mg ions, and Sr ions belong to alkaline earth metal cations. The loading amount of the non-Pt metal clusters in the electrolyzed water catalyst is 2 wt.% - 3 wt.%, preferably 2.5 wt.%, and the loading amount of the s-block metal ions in the electrolyzed water catalyst is 0.5 wt.% - 1.5 wt.%.
[0011] The present invention regulates the interfacial water molecule configuration and reduces the hydrolysis dissociation energy barrier by utilizing the strong polarization effect between the s-block metal cations on the surface of the electrolyzed water catalyst and the interfacial water molecules, thereby improving the alkaline HER reaction kinetics. The electrolyzed water catalyst provided by the present invention exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in an alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer, achieving a high current density at a low cell voltage and also showing excellent long-term operation stability. In addition, the catalyst has a low cost, avoids the use of precious metal platinum, and has the characteristics of economy, high efficiency, and stability.
[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the electrolyzed water catalyst described in any one of the above, comprising the following steps: subjecting a mixed product of a substrate material, a soluble non-Pt metal salt, and a soluble s-block metal ion salt to heat treatment to obtain the electrolyzed water catalyst.
[0013] Specifically, in the present invention, a substrate material, a soluble non-Pt metal salt, and a soluble s-block metal ion salt are mixed in water to obtain a mixed product, and then the mixed product is subjected to heat treatment in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and a protective gas to obtain the electrolyzed water catalyst. More specifically, in the present invention, a substrate material, a soluble non-Pt metal salt, and a soluble s-block metal ion salt are ultrasonically dissolved in water and then stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed product, and then the mixed product is subjected to heat treatment in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and a protective gas to obtain the electrolyzed water catalyst. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the substrate material and water are mixed and then ultrasonically treated, and then a soluble non-Pt metal salt and a soluble s-block metal ion salt are added thereto, and ultrasonic treatment is continued until complete dissolution, followed by stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed product, centrifugation, drying, and heat treatment of the dried mixed product in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and a protective gas to obtain the electrolyzed water catalyst.
[0014] The dosage ratio of the substrate material, the non-Pt metal in the soluble non-Pt metal salt, and the s-block metal ion in the soluble s-block metal ion salt in the present invention is 50 parts by mass: 1 mole part: (25 - 121) mole parts. The mixing time in the present invention is 8 h to 24 h. The temperature of the heat treatment in the present invention is 350°C to 500°C, the time of the heat treatment is 1 h to 3 h, and the heating rate of the heat treatment is 2°C / min to 10°C / min. The mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and the protective gas in the present invention is specifically a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and the protective gas is specifically a mixed atmosphere of 5% hydrogen by volume and 95% argon by volume or a mixed atmosphere of 10% hydrogen by volume and 95% argon by volume.
[0015] The soluble s-block metal ion salts described in the present invention are selected from one or more of s-block metal ion chlorides, s-block metal ion sulfates, and s-block metal ion carbonates. Specifically, the soluble s-block metal ion salts are selected from one or more of the chlorides of Na ions, K ions, Cs ions, Ca ions, Mg ions, Sr ions, the sulfates of Na ions, K ions, Cs ions, Ca ions, Mg ions, Sr ions, the carbonates of Na ions, K ions, Cs ions, Ca ions, Mg ions, Sr ions. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the soluble s-block metal ion salts are selected from one or more of NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, CsCl, Cs2SO4, Cs2CO3, CaCl2, MgCl2, SrCl2.
[0016] The soluble non-Pt metal salts described in the present invention are selected from one or more of non-Pt metal chlorides, non-Pt metal nitrates, non-Pt metal acetylacetonates, and non-Pt metal sulfates. Specifically, the soluble non-Pt metal salts are selected from one or more of the chlorides of Ru, Ni, Fe, the nitrates of Ru, Ni, Fe, the acetylacetonates of Ru, Ni, Fe, the sulfates of Ru, Ni, Fe. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the soluble non-Pt metal salts are selected from one or more of RuCl3, NiCl2, FeCl3, Ru(NO3)3, Ni(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Ru(acac)3, Ni(acac)2, Fe(acac)3, Ru2(SO4)3, NiSO4, and Fe2(SO4)3.
[0017] The substrate materials described in the present invention are selected from nitrogen-doped carbon materials or metal oxides. In some embodiments of the present invention, the substrate material is a nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared from glucose, melamine, and zinc basic carbonate; or the substrate material is a metal oxide prepared from a metal salt and hexamine.
[0018] The nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared from glucose, melamine and basic zinc carbonate according to the present invention is specifically prepared by the following steps: Mix glucose, melamine and basic zinc carbonate in water and then perform freeze-drying. Grind the freeze-dried material and then perform pyrolysis. Pickle the pyrolysis product with hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon material; wherein, the mass ratio of glucose, melamine and basic zinc carbonate is (1~1.5):(1~1.5):(2~2.5); the pyrolysis temperature is 900°C~1100°C, and the pyrolysis time is 1 h~3 h; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5 mol / L~1.5 mol / L.
[0019] The metal oxide prepared from metal salt and hexamine according to the present invention is specifically prepared by the following steps: React the metal salt and hexamine in an alcohol solvent to obtain the metal oxide; wherein, the metal salt is preferably a metal nitrate; the alcohol solvent is preferably one or more of ethanol and ethylene glycol; the reaction temperature is 150°C~200°C, and the reaction time is 6 h~10 h.
[0020] The present invention also provides the use of the electrolytic water catalyst described in any one of the above or the electrolytic water catalyst obtained by the preparation method described in any one of the above as a cathode catalyst in an alkaline AEM electrolytic cell. By introducing alkali metal doping into the catalyst, the present invention induces strong polarization of interfacial water molecules in the catalyst, regulates the configuration of water molecules, reduces the hydrolysis dissociation energy barrier, and thus promotes the reaction kinetics, greatly enhancing the commercial application prospect of the alkaline AEM electrolytic cell.
[0021] The present invention provides an electrolytic water catalyst, a preparation method thereof and an application. The electrolytic water catalyst provided by the present invention realizes the successful doping of alkali metals. While replacing the atoms on the surface of the non-platinum metal cluster, the cluster size is not changed, and the improvement of the alkaline hydrogen evolution performance is realized. Specifically, by doping alkali metals into the non-Pt metal cluster, the surface microenvironment of the catalyst is regulated, and the stronger interaction between alkali metal ions and interfacial water is utilized to promote the hydrolysis dissociation, thereby promoting the improvement of the alkaline hydrogen evolution kinetics and realizing the long-term stable operation under large current. The present invention successfully loads non-platinum metal clusters on the nitrogen-doped carbon material by using the post-adsorption method of mixing various materials and the one-step pyrolysis method, reduces the metal loading amount, provides an economical and effective preparation method for the AEMWE catalyst, and demonstrates the large current and stable electrolytic water performance under low cell voltage in the alkaline AEM electrolytic cell. Description of the Drawings
[0022] Figure 1 HRTEM of Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1 and its corresponding mapping diagram;
[0023] Figure 2HER comparison LSV test diagram of Ru, K-NC and undoped K samples prepared in Example 1;
[0024] Figure 3 AEMWE test result diagram of Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1;
[0025] Figure 4 For the Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1 at 500 mA / cm 2 and AEMWE long-term stability test graph at 60°C;
[0026] Figure 5 HER comparison LSV test diagram of Ru, Na-NC and undoped Na samples prepared in Example 2;
[0027] Figure 6 HRTEM of Ru and Na-NC prepared in Example 2 and their corresponding particle size distribution statistics and mapping diagram;
[0028] Figure 7 HER comparison LSV test diagram of RuNi, Ca-NC and comparative samples prepared in Example 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The present invention discloses a water electrolysis catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to achieve it. It is particularly important to point out that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the method and application of this article without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.
[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments:
[0031] Example 1
[0032] (1) Synthesis of NC substrate: At room temperature, take a clean beaker, add 1.1 g glucose, 1.2 g melamine and 2.2 g basic zinc carbonate, add 30 mL deionized water, stir for 12 h, and then quickly transfer the mixed solution to a centrifuge tube and freeze-dry. Take out the dried solid and grind it thoroughly, place it in a tube furnace, and pyrolyze it at 950 ° C for 2 h in a nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 5 ° C / min. Add the pyrolysis product to 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for pickling. Filter the pickled product and dry it to obtain the NC substrate.
[0033] (2) Weigh 50 mg of the NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of RuCl3 and 0.77 mmol of KCl, continue to sonicate until completely dissolved, stir for 12 h, then centrifuge and dry. Place the dried product in a tubular furnace for pyrolysis, with a heating rate of 5 °C / min, and treat it at 350 °C for 3 h in 5% H2 / Ar (H2 volume content is 5%, Ar volume content is 95%). After cooling, the Ru, K-NC catalyst is obtained.
[0034] Perform TEM characterization on the Ru, K-NC catalyst prepared in Example 1, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown. Figure 1 Figure is the HRTEM of Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1 and its corresponding mapping diagram; the HRTEM results show that Ru clusters are successfully synthesized and loaded on the NC substrate, and the mapping results indicate the successful doping of K. Perform three-electrode testing on it. The sample after K doping has excellent HER activity and low voltage and large current in the AEM electrolyzer, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown. Figure 2 Figure is the HER comparative LSV test diagram of Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1 and the sample without K doping. Figure 3 Figure is the AEMWE test result diagram of Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1. Perform long-term stability testing on the prepared Ru, K-NC for alkaline AEM electrolysis of water, and it has excellent stability, as Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 Figure is the long-term stability test diagram of Ru, K-NC prepared in Example 1 at 500 mA / cm 2 and 60 °C.
[0035] Example 2
[0036] (1) Synthesis of the NC substrate: The preparation method is the same as that of the NC substrate in Example 1.
[0037] (2) Weigh 50 mg of the NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of Ru(acac)3 and 1.28 mmol of Na2SO4, continue to sonicate until completely dissolved, stir for 12 h, then centrifuge and dry. Place the dried product in a tubular furnace for pyrolysis with a heating rate of 2.5 °C / min, and treat it at 400 °C for 2 h in 5% H2 / Ar (H2 volume content is 5%, Ar volume content is 95%). After cooling, the Ru, Na-NC catalyst is obtained.
[0038] Perform three-electrode electrochemical testing and high-resolution transmission electron microscope detection on Example 2, asFigure 5 and Figure 6 as shown Figure 5 is the HER comparative LSV test chart of the Ru, Na-NC and undoped Na samples prepared in Example 2; Figure 6 is the HRTEM of the Ru, Na-NC prepared in Example 2 and its corresponding mapping chart; it can be seen that the results are similar to those in Example 1.
[0039] Example 3
[0040] (1) Synthesis of NC substrate: The same as the preparation method of the NC substrate in Example 1.
[0041] (2) Weigh 50 mg of NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of RuCl3 and 1.28 mmol of SrCO3, continue to sonicate until completely dissolved, stir for 24 h, then centrifuge and dry; place the dried product in a tube furnace and pyrolyze at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, treat it at 500 °C for 2 h in 5% H2 / Ar (H2 volume content 5%, Ar volume content 95%), and obtain the Ru, Sr-NC catalyst after cooling.
[0042] Perform three-electrode electrochemical tests and alkaline AEM electrolytic water tests on Example 3, and the results are similar to those in Example 1.
[0043] Example 4
[0044] (1) Synthesis of NC substrate: The same as the preparation method of the NC substrate in Example 1.
[0045] (2) Weigh 50 mg of NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of Ni(acac)2 and 2.31 mmol of CaCl2, continue to sonicate until completely dissolved, stir for 12 h, then centrifuge and dry; place the dried product in a tube furnace and pyrolyze at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, treat it at 500 °C for 2 h in 10% H2 / Ar (H2 volume content 10%, Ar volume content 90%), and obtain the Ni, Ca-NC catalyst after cooling.
[0046] Perform three-electrode electrochemical tests and alkaline AEM electrolytic water tests on Example 4, and the results are similar to those in Example 1.
[0047] Example 5
[0048] (1) Synthesis of NC substrate: The same as the preparation method of the NC substrate in Example 1.
[0049] (2) Weigh 50 mg of the NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of Fe(acac)3 and 3.08 mmol of KCl, continue sonication until completely dissolved, stir for 24 h, then centrifuge and dry. Place the dried product in a tube furnace and pyrolyze at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, treat it at 500 °C for 2 h in 5% H2 / Ar (the volume content of H2 is 5% and the volume content of Ar is 95%), and after cooling, the Fe, K-NC catalyst is obtained.
[0050] Perform three-electrode electrochemical tests and alkaline AEM electrolyzed water tests on Example 5, and the results are similar to those of Example 1.
[0051] Example 6
[0052] (1) Synthesis of the NC substrate: The preparation method is the same as that of the NC substrate in Example 1.
[0053] (2) Weigh 50 mg of the NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of Ru(acac)3, 0.026 mmol of Ni(acac)2 and 6.24 mmol of CaCl2, continue sonication until completely dissolved, stir for 24 h, then centrifuge and dry. Place the dried product in a tube furnace and pyrolyze at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, treat it at 500 °C for 2 h in 10% H2 / Ar (the volume content of H2 is 10% and the volume content of Ar is 90%), and after cooling, the RuNi, Ca-NC catalyst is obtained.
[0054] Perform three-electrode electrochemical tests and alkaline AEM electrolyzed water tests on Example 6, as Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 is the HER comparative LSV test chart of the RuNi, Ca-NC prepared in Example 6 and the comparative sample, and the results are similar to those of Example 1.
[0055] Example 7
[0056] (1) Synthesis of the NC substrate: The preparation method is the same as that of the NC substrate in Example 1.
[0057] (2) Weigh 50 mg of the NC substrate, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and sonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of RuCl3, 0.026 mmol of FeCl3 and 4.16 mmol of KCl, continue sonication until completely dissolved, stir for 24 h, then centrifuge and dry. Place the dried product in a tube furnace and pyrolyze at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, treat it at 500 °C for 2 h in 10% H2 / Ar, and after cooling, the RuFe, K-NC catalyst is obtained.
[0058] Perform three - electrode electrochemical tests and alkaline AEM electrolytic water tests on Example 7, and the results are similar to those of Example 1.
[0059] Example 8
[0060] Dissolve 1.5 mmol of cerium nitrate and 0.89 mmol of HMTA (hexamethylenetetramine) in a mixed solution of 7 mL of ethanol and 6.5 mL of ethylene glycol. After stirring for 1 h, transfer it to a reaction kettle and perform heat treatment at 170 °C for 8 h. After cooling, centrifuge and dry to obtain the CeO2 precursor; weigh 50 mg of the CeO2 precursor, mix it with 30 mL of deionized water and ultrasonicate. Add 0.026 mmol of Ru(acac)3 and 1.28 mmol of KCl, and continue ultrasonication until completely dissolved. After stirring for 24 h, centrifuge and dry; place the dried product in a tube furnace and pyrolyze at a heating rate of 5 °C / h. Treat it at 450 °C for 2 h in 10% H2 / Ar (H2 volume content is 10%, Ar volume content is 90%). After cooling, the Ru, K - CeO2 catalyst is obtained.
[0061] As mentioned above, the above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An electrolyzed water catalyst, characterized in that, Comprising: Substrate; Non-Pt metal clusters supported on the substrate, where the non-Pt metal is selected from one or more of Ru, Ni, and Fe; s-block metal ions doped on the non-Pt metal clusters, where the s-block metal ions are selected from one or more of Na ions, K ions, Cs ions, Ca ions, Mg ions, and Sr ions.
2. The electrolytic water catalyst according to claim 1, wherein The loading amount of the non-Pt metal clusters in the electrolytic water catalyst is 2 wt.% - 3 wt.%; The loading amount of the s-block metal ions in the electrolytic water catalyst is 0.5 wt.% - 1.5 wt.%.
3. The electrolyzed water catalyst according to claim 1, wherein The non-Pt metal is selected from Ru and Ni; or, the non-Pt metal is selected from Ru and Fe.
4. The electrolytic water catalyst according to claim 1, wherein The substrate is selected from a nitrogen-doped carbon material substrate or a metal oxide substrate.
5. The preparation method of the electrolyzed water catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Performing heat treatment on a mixed product of a substrate material, a soluble non-Pt metal salt, and a soluble s-block metal ion salt to obtain the electrolytic water catalyst.
6. The preparation method of the electrolyzed water catalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that, The soluble s-block metal ion salt is selected from one or more of s-block metal ion chlorides, s-block metal ion sulfates, and s-block metal ion carbonates; The soluble non-Pt metal salt is selected from one or more of non-Pt metal chlorides, non-Pt metal nitrates, non-Pt metal acetylacetonates, and non-Pt metal sulfates; The substrate material is selected from a nitrogen-doped carbon material or a metal oxide.
7. The preparation method of the electrolytic water catalyst according to claim 6, wherein, The soluble s-block metal ion salt is selected from one or more of NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, CsCl, Cs2SO4, Cs2CO3, CaCl2,, MgCl2, SrCl2; The soluble non-Pt metal salt is selected from one or more of RuCl3, NiCl2, FeCl3, Ru(NO3)3, Ni(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Ru(acac)3, Ni(acac)2, Fe(acac)3, Ru2(SO4)3, NiSO4, and Fe2(SO4)3; The substrate material is a nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared from glucose, melamine, and basic zinc carbonate; or, the substrate material is a metal oxide prepared from a metal salt and hexamine.
8. The preparation method of the electrolytic water catalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mixed product of the substrate material, the soluble non-Pt metal salt, and the soluble s-block metal ion salt is obtained by mixing the substrate material, the soluble non-Pt metal salt, and the soluble s-block metal ion salt in water, and the mixing time is 8 h - 24 h.
9. The preparation method of the electrolyzed water catalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature of the heat treatment is 350°C - 500°C, and the time of the heat treatment is 1 h - 3 h.
10. The electrolytic water catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the electrolytic water catalyst obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 is used as a cathode catalyst in an alkaline AEM electrolytic cell.