A multi-stage valve

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-stage valve, comprising: a valve column, which is provided with a main flow channel along the axial direction and a first groove at the end thereof; a valve core, which is provided with a pressure head that cooperates with the inner wall of the first groove, and a plurality of side flow channels are formed between the pressure head and the inner wall of the first groove; a first sleeve, which is sleeved on the valve column, and a decompression space is formed between the first sleeve and the valve column; a second sleeve, which is provided in plurality and is sealed and sleeved on the valve column in sequence along the axial direction of the valve column, and the plurality of second sleeves are respectively provided with shear flow channels that are connected in sequence, and the shear flow channels are connected to the decompression space. Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the present invention enhances the heat dissipation capacity of the valve to maintain biological activity by coordinating the two methods of setting a heat sink and evaporative heat dissipation, can avoid the impact and fragmentation of materials in the medium fluid to be sheared, and reduce the mechanical damage to the medium fluid, thereby maintaining the uniformity and biological activity of the medium fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of valves, in particular to a multi-stage valve. Background Art

[0002] A valve is a pipe fitting used for controlling or regulating devices in fluid pipelines. Valves can be categorized by use as shutoff, regulating, check, diverter, and safety valves. Multi-stage valves are capable of regulating the pressure of the fluid medium flowing through them, as well as shearing the material within the fluid medium. To achieve pressure regulation and shearing of the medium fluid within the fluid medium, the multi-stage valve primarily comprises a multi-layer radially dispersed housing, with an outer housing covering an inner housing, and a large number of through-holes formed in each housing layer. When the fluid medium passes through the through-holes in the housing at high speed and diffuses outward, shearing and decompression of the medium fluid are achieved through shearing, impact, cavitation, and other effects.

[0003] However, with the development of technology, different requirements have been placed on the shear and decompression performance of these multi-stage valves in different situations and for different media fluid systems. For example, when using grinding fluids for wafer polishing, it is required to eliminate the agglomeration of abrasive particles within the grinding fluid, while also preventing excessive impact forces from damaging the abrasive particles to avoid affecting the uniformity of the particles and thus the quality of the subsequent polished product. In bioprocessing processes (such as homogenizing fermentation broth), it is required that the homogenization process not affect bioactive substances to avoid severe impact damage to microorganisms. However, the impact and cavitation generated by the fluid medium passing through the multi-layer housing in these traditional multi-stage valves can easily cause mechanical damage to the materials within the fluid medium, thereby reducing the uniformity and bioactivity of the fluid medium. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the impact and cavitation effects generated when the fluid medium passes through the multi-layer shell in the multi-stage valve in the prior art, which easily causes mechanical impact damage to the material in the fluid medium, thereby reducing the uniformity and biological activity of the medium fluid, thereby providing a multi-stage valve.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-stage valve, comprising:

[0006] A valve stem is provided with a main flow channel in the axial direction and a first groove at the end thereof;

[0007] a valve core, which is provided with a pressure head that matches the inner wall of the first groove, and a plurality of side flow channels are formed between the pressure head and the inner wall of the first groove;

[0008] a first sleeve, which is sleeved on the valve post, wherein a decompression space is formed between the first sleeve and the valve post, and the side flow channel is connected to the decompression space;

[0009] The second sleeve is provided in plurality and is sealed and sleeved on the valve post in sequence along the axial direction of the valve post. The plurality of second sleeves are respectively provided with shear flow channels that are connected in sequence, and the shear flow channels are connected to the pressure reducing space. Along the transmission direction of the plurality of shear flow channels, the output port size of any shear flow channel is larger than the input port size of the next adjacent shear flow channel.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of second casings are configured to include at least a first sub-casing and a second sub-casing, and the plurality of shear channels are respectively configured as a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel, and the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel are respectively opened along the axial direction of the first sub-casing and the second sub-casing and are connected in sequence.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a third sub-casing body and a third sub-channel opened in the third sub-casing body, the output port size of the first sub-channel is larger than the input port size of the second sub-channel and a first step surface is formed at the connection point, the output port size of the second sub-channel is larger than the input port size of the third sub-channel and a second step surface is formed at the connection point.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a guide groove is opened on the side of the first sub-casing close to the decompression space, and the two ends of the guide groove are respectively connected to the decompression space and the first sub-channel, and the size of the guide groove gradually decreases from the side close to the decompression space to the side close to the first sub-channel.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third sub-housing is provided with a receiving groove, and the output port of the third sub-channel is communicated with the receiving groove.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, an expansion channel is provided on the side of the third sub-channel close to the accommodating tank, and the two ends of the expansion channel are respectively connected to the third sub-channel and the accommodating tank, and the size of the expansion channel gradually increases from the side close to the third sub-channel to the side close to the accommodating tank.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the pressure head gradually increases in a direction away from the main flow channel, and the number of the side flow channels is multiple and is opened on the circumference of the pressure head.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the valve column is provided with a decompression chamber, the size of the decompression chamber is larger than the size of the main flow channel, and the decompression chamber is communicated with the main flow channel.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least two groups of corresponding positioning components are respectively arranged between adjacent second sleeves, and each group of positioning components includes at least one positioning member and at least three corresponding first positioning holes, second positioning holes and third positioning holes; when the adjacent second sleeves are positioned by the positioning member and the second positioning hole, both sides of the docking point of the shear flow channel between the adjacent second sleeves have step surfaces; when the adjacent second sleeves are positioned by the positioning member and the first positioning hole or the third positioning hole, one side of the docking point of the shear flow channel between the adjacent second sleeves has a step surface and the inner wall on the other side is flush.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, a guide surface is provided on an inner wall of the decompression space close to the side flow channel. The guide surface is a curved surface, and the guide surface corresponds to the output port of the side flow channel.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third sub-casing is provided with a discharge channel, the input port and the output port of the discharge channel are respectively connected to the accommodating tank and the outside world, and the height of the input port of the discharge channel relative to the bottom of the valve column is less than the height of the output port of the third sub-channel relative to the bottom of the valve column.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat sink is connected to the end of the pressure head, a heat sink cavity is opened in the heat sink and the pressure head along the height direction, a plurality of first heat sinks are connected to the circumference of the heat sink; a plurality of second heat sinks are connected to the circumference of the second sleeve.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, adjacent second sleeves are sealed by a sealing structure, the sealing structure is provided with a first sealing groove, a first sealing ring is provided in the first sealing groove, and the sealing structure includes: a first sealing surface respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves and located on the side close to the valve column, a second sealing surface respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves and located on the side away from the valve column, and a third sealing surface respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves and connected to the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface at both ends, and there is an angle between the direction of the third sealing surface and the height direction.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the valve core and the first sleeve are sealed by a first flange assembly, the first sleeve and the second sleeve are sealed by a second flange assembly; the second sleeve and the valve column are sealed by a third flange assembly; the first flange assembly, the second flange assembly and the third flange assembly all include flange plates and fasteners, and the fasteners of the second flange assembly and the third flange assembly are connected.

[0023] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0024] The multi-stage valve described in the present invention forms a plurality of shear flow channels extending in the axial direction of the valve and connected in sequence through the provided second sleeve. The provided decompression space realizes pre-decompression of the fluid medium to avoid cavitation, and the plurality of shear flow channels decrease in axial direction and in step-by-step manner along the inner diameter to further avoid cavitation during shearing. By utilizing the dimensional changes at the interfaces between the plurality of shear flow channels, the flow cross-section suddenly decreases when the medium fluid enters the next shear flow channel from the previous shear flow channel, thereby realizing a rapid increase in the flow velocity of the medium fluid to be sheared and the material therein can be sheared and broken at the interface at the sudden change in the valve, thereby avoiding the impact and fragmentation of the material in the medium fluid to be sheared, thereby reducing mechanical damage to the medium fluid, and thus maintaining the uniformity and biological activity of the medium fluid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage valve of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage valve of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the valve core of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the valve stem and the first housing of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of multiple second sets of bodies of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first sub-housing of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the position of the shear flow channel of the second housing of the present invention in the first assembly state;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the position of the shear flow channel of the second housing of the present invention in the second assembled state;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the position of the shear flow channel of the second housing of the present invention in the third combination state;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the position of the shear flow channel of the second housing of the present invention in the fourth combination state;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first and second housings of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This invention Figure 11 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 13 It is a cross-sectional view of the valve core of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of the reference numerals in the specification: 1. valve column; 11. main flow channel; 12. pressure reducing chamber; 13. first groove; 14. discharge channel; 2. first housing; 21. second sealing groove; 3. second housing; 31. first sub-housing; 311. first sub-flow channel; 312. guide groove; 313. first positioning hole; 314. second positioning hole; 315. third positioning hole; 32. second sub-housing; 321. second sub-flow channel; 33. third sub-housing; 331. third sub-flow channel; 332. accommodating groove; 34. first state step surface; 35. second state step surface; 36. third state step surface Surface; 37, positioning part; 38, sealing structure; 381, first sealing surface; 382, ​​third sealing surface; 383, second sealing surface; 384, first sealing groove; 4, heat dissipation part; 41, first heat sink; 42, second heat sink; 43, heat dissipation hole; 44, heat dissipation cavity; 441, evaporation section; 442, condensation section; 51, first flange assembly; 52, second flange assembly; 53, third flange assembly; 54, fastener; 55, nut; 56, flange; 57, second fixing hole; 6, valve core; 61, side flow channel; 62, pressure relief space; 63, pressure head; 64, guide surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0041] Example

[0042] Reference Figures 1-13 As shown, a multi-stage valve of the present invention comprises:

[0043] The valve stem 1 has a main flow channel 11 formed in the axial direction and a first groove 13 formed at the end thereof;

[0044] The valve core 6 is provided with a pressure head 63 that fits into the inner wall of the first groove 13, and a plurality of side flow channels 61 are formed between the pressure head 63 and the inner wall of the first groove 13;

[0045] A first sleeve 2 is sleeved on the valve stem 1. A decompression space 62 is formed between the first sleeve 2 and the valve stem 1. The side flow channel 61 is in communication with the decompression space 62.

[0046] The second sleeve 3 is provided in plurality and is sealedly sleeved on the valve column 1 in sequence along the axial direction of the valve column 1. The plurality of second sleeves 3 are respectively provided with shear flow channels that are connected in sequence, and the shear flow channels are connected to the decompression space 62. Along the transmission direction of the plurality of shear flow channels, the output port size of any shear flow channel is larger than the input port size of the next adjacent shear flow channel.

[0047] The multi-stage valve described in the present invention allows the medium fluid to be sheared to flow along the main flow channel 11 therein to the valve core 6 through the valve column 1. Since the pressure head 63 and the first groove 13 are sealed and fit together, each side flow channel 61 is closed and each side flow channel 61 is independent of each other, so that the medium fluid flows from the main flow channel 11 to each side flow channel 61, and through the set decompression space 62, the medium fluid flows from the side flow channel 61 into it, and at the same time provides a buffer and decompression space 62 for the medium fluid; through the set second sleeve 3, a plurality of shear flow channels extending in the axial direction of the valve and connected in sequence are formed, and the size change at the interface between the plurality of shear flow channels is utilized to make the flow cross-section suddenly decrease when the medium fluid enters the next shear flow channel from the previous shear flow channel, thereby achieving a rapid increase in the flow rate of the medium fluid to be sheared and the material therein can be sheared and broken at the interface at the sudden change in the valve, so as to avoid the material in the medium fluid to be sheared from impacting and fragmenting, thereby reducing mechanical damage to the medium fluid.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 5 As shown, the plurality of second casing bodies 3 are configured to include at least a first sub-casing body 31 and a second sub-casing body 32, and the plurality of shear flow channels are respectively configured as a first sub-channel 311 and a second sub-channel 321, and the first sub-channel 311 and the second sub-channel 321 are respectively opened along the axial direction of the first sub-casing body 31 and the second sub-casing body 32 and are connected in sequence. In this embodiment, the number of the second housing 3 is configured as three, specifically the first sub-housing 31, the second sub-housing 32 and the third sub-housing 33. The first sub-housing 31, the second sub-housing 32 and the third sub-housing 33 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top of the first sub-housing 31 is sealed and docked with the first housing 2, and the upper and lower ends of the second sub-housing 32 are sealed and docked with the first sub-housing 31 and the third sub-housing 33 respectively. When the first sub-housing 31, the second sub-housing 32 and the third sub-housing 33 are docked in sequence, the first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are continuously docked and connected in sequence, so that the medium fluid can continuously pass through the first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 from the decompression space 62 between the first housing 2 and the valve column 1, and undergo at least two shear processes. Specifically, particles in the medium fluid undergo a first high-speed shearing at the interface between the first sub-channel 311 and the second sub-channel 321 , and then undergo a second high-speed shearing at the interface between the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 .

[0049] Reference Figure 5 、 Figure 7-10 As shown, it also includes a third sub-casing 33 and a third sub-channel 331 opened in the third sub-casing 33. The output port size of the first sub-channel 311 is larger than the input port size of the second sub-channel 321 and a first step surface is formed at the connection point. The output port size of the second sub-channel 321 is larger than the input port size of the third sub-channel 331 and a second step surface is formed at the connection point. A first step surface is formed at the junction of the first sub-channel 311 and the second sub-channel 321, and a second step surface is formed at the junction of the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331. The first step surface and the second step surface are step surfaces with edges, such as right-angled step surfaces or acute-angled step surfaces. The plane part of the right-angled surface is composed of the difference in size of the first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 on the plane. The first step surface and the second step surface can also be inclined step surfaces, and the inclined surface of the inclined step surface is also composed of The first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are formed by the difference in size on the plane. The inclined step surface includes an inclined surface and a vertical surface. The inclined surface is a transition surface, and the vertical surface is the surface where the inner wall of the channel is located. The first sub-channel 311 and the second sub-channel 321 are continuous, and the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are continuous through the inclined surface. The inclined surface is composed of corresponding inclined protrusions and corresponding inclined grooves at the corresponding channel interfaces between the first sleeve 2, the second sleeve 3 and the third sub-sleeve 33.

[0050] To enhance the shearing effect, the inclined surface is configured to tilt upward toward the center of the flow channel, creating a dead volume between the inclined surface and the vertical inner wall of the upstream shear channel. This dead volume is a low-speed flow area filled with a dielectric fluid, which cushions the upstream high-speed dielectric fluid and prevents particles in the dielectric fluid from impacting the inclined surface, thereby protecting the particles from impact and fragmentation, and improving the integrity of the particles in the dielectric fluid. Simultaneously, due to the upward inclination of the inclined surface, a sharper blade is formed, enhancing the shearing effect on particles coming from a height and making the shearing surface of the particles smoother. When the inclined surface itself is a plane, the angle of the inclined surface is the angle between the plane in which it is located and the horizontal plane, which can be any of 5°, 10°, 20°, or 30°. Furthermore, the inclined surface can also be a curved surface, with a smaller angle with the horizontal plane near the upstream shear channel and a larger angle with the horizontal plane near the downstream channel, thereby forming a sharper shearing blade. The curved surface guides the optimized flow path to reduce impact.

[0051] Reference Figure 6As shown, a guide groove 312 is formed on the side of the first sub-casing 31 near the decompression space 62. The two ends of the guide groove 312 are respectively connected to the decompression space 62 and the first sub-channel 311. The size of the guide groove 312 gradually decreases from the side near the decompression space 62 to the side near the first sub-channel 311. This size is composed of length and width, resulting in different cross-sectional areas. In this embodiment, the guide groove 312 is a tapered guide groove 312 with an inner diameter narrowing downward. The tapered surface of the guide groove 312 can, on the one hand, provide a transition and drainage from the decompression space 62 to the first sub-channel 311 of the multiple shear channels, preventing particles in the medium fluid from colliding with the interface. On the other hand, due to the setting of the channel gradually narrowing along the flow direction, it can provide relatively uniform acceleration for the medium fluid.

[0052] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the third sub-housing 33 defines a receiving groove 332, and the output port of the third sub-channel 331 is connected to the receiving groove 332. After shearing, the medium fluid flows from the output port of the third sub-channel 331 into the receiving groove 332, where it is decelerated, depressurized, and buffered. The receiving groove 332 can accommodate a certain volume of medium fluid. When the medium fluid output is excessive, the receiving groove 332 provides a buffer. When the medium fluid output is insufficient, the receiving groove 332 is used to replenish the medium fluid. The capacity of the receiving groove 332 increases and decreases accordingly, thus achieving a peak-shaving and valley-filling effect on the medium fluid flow rate.

[0053] An expansion channel is provided on the side of the third sub-channel 331 near the receiving groove 332. The two ends of the expansion channel are connected to the third sub-channel 331 and the receiving groove 332, respectively. The size of the expansion channel gradually increases from the side near the third sub-channel 331 to the side near the receiving groove 332. The expansion channel gradually decelerates and reduces the pressure of the flow within the expansion channel, preventing cavitation.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the size of the pressure head 63 gradually increases in the direction away from the main channel 11, and the number of the side channels 61 is multiple and is opened on the circumference of the pressure head 63. The pressure head 63 is an inverted truncated cone with a narrow bottom and a wide top. The bottom of the pressure head 63 has a stop surface that is adapted to the size of the main channel 11. The side channels 61 are opened along the busbar direction of the pressure head 63. The input port of each side channel 61 is connected to the main channel 11, and the output port of each side channel 61 is connected to the decompression space 62. The input direction of the side channel 61 is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0055] Reference Figure 4As shown, the valve column 1 is provided with a decompression chamber 12, the size of which is larger than that of the main channel 11, and the decompression chamber 12 is connected to the main channel 11. By providing the decompression chamber 12 in the valve column 1, the particles in the medium fluid are decompressed and buffered before entering the side channel 61. In this embodiment, the decompression chamber 12 is provided in the valve column 1; the decompression chamber 12 is provided on the side of the main channel 11 close to the pressure head 63, that is, the two ends of the decompression chamber 12 are respectively connected to the main channel 11, so that the main channel 11 is divided into two sections, the longer end of the main channel 11 is located below the decompression chamber 12, extending from the bottom of the valve column 1 to the bottom of the decompression chamber 12, and the shorter end of the main channel 11 is located above the decompression chamber 12, extending from the top of the decompression chamber 12 to the bottom of the pressure head 63. The size of the stop surface at the bottom of the pressure head 63 is adapted to the size of the main channel 11. The side surface of the pressure head 63 is sealed against the first groove 13 to close the side channel 61. When the medium fluid enters the side channel 61 from the main channel 11, a third step surface is also formed at the stop surface. The plane part of the third step surface is the stop surface, and the side surface of the third step surface is the inner wall plane of the side channel 61, so as to perform preliminary shearing on the particles in the logistics, so that the excessively large particles or excessively long chains in the logistics are sheared to a moderate range, reducing the discrete degree of the particles or chains in terms of size.

[0056] Reference Figure 11 、 Figure 12As shown, at least two corresponding positioning assemblies are provided between adjacent second sleeves 3. Each positioning assembly includes at least one positioning member 37 and at least three corresponding first positioning holes 313, second positioning holes 314, and third positioning holes 315. When adjacent second sleeves 3 are positioned by the positioning member 37 and the second positioning holes 314, both sides of the shear flow channel joint between the adjacent second sleeves 3 have stepped surfaces. When adjacent second sleeves 3 are positioned by the positioning member 37 and the first positioning holes 313 or the third positioning holes 315, one side of the shear flow channel joint between the adjacent second sleeves 3 has a stepped surface, while the inner walls on the other side are flush. To facilitate assembly of adjacent second sleeves 3 and improve positioning accuracy, adjacent second sleeves 3 are positioned and assembled using positioning assemblies. In order to obtain different shearing effects, each group of positioning components includes at least one raised positioning member 37 and at least three concave positioning holes. For ease of understanding, the first side is defined as the left side and the second side is defined as the right side. The positioning holes include a first positioning hole 313, a second positioning hole 314 and a third positioning hole 315. The first positioning hole 313, the second positioning hole 314 and the third positioning hole 315 are arranged from left to right and are equidistant from each other. When the positioning member 37 cooperates with the second positioning hole 314 for positioning, the left and right sides of the joint between the adjacent second sleeves 3 have step surfaces, and the dimensions of the step surfaces on both sides in the plane direction are greater than zero. The step surfaces at this time are defined as first-state step surfaces 34. Therefore, the number of step surfaces of the first-state step surface 34 is two. The two first-state step surfaces 34 are positioned as a first sub-step surface and a second sub-step surface respectively. The sizes of the first sub-step surface and the second sub-step surface are equal or different. When the sizes of the first sub-step surface and the second sub-step surface are equal, the two first-state step surfaces 34 have a balanced shearing effect.

[0057] Specifically, in one case, the positioning member 37 and the second positioning hole 314 need to be precisely configured so that the two first-state step surfaces 34 have equal dimensions. In another case, the first sub-step surface and the second sub-step surface have unequal dimensions, allowing for different shearing effects on both sides. This allows for more levels of shearing while maintaining the same number of second housings 3, i.e., the total valve height. When adjacent second housings 3 are positioned via the first positioning hole 313 and the positioning member 37, the right side of the shearing channel joint between the adjacent second housings 3 has a step surface, while the left side is flush and has no step surface. This right side step surface is defined as the second-state step surface 35. When adjacent second housings 3 are positioned via the third positioning hole 315 and the positioning member 37, the left side of the shearing channel joint between the adjacent second housings 3 has a step surface, while the right side is flush and has no step surface. This left side step surface is defined as the third-state step surface 36. The dimensions of the second-state step surface 35 and the third-state step surface 36 are equal and larger than the dimensions of the first-state step surface 34.

[0058] Reference Figure 7-10 As shown, the first state step surface 34, the second state step surface 35 and the third step surface between the multiple housings can also have different combination states. Taking the number of the second housing 3 as three as an example, the positioning member 37 can be in any one of the first sub-housing 31, the second sub-housing 32 and the third sub-housing 33, and the position of the positioning member 37 is opposite to the adjacent sub-housing. The first positioning hole 313, the second positioning hole 314 and the third positioning hole 315 can be set on each sub-housing, and the first positioning hole 313, the second positioning hole 314 and the third positioning hole 315 are respectively provided. The position of 315 is set to correspond to the positioning hole on the adjacent sub-housing. In this embodiment, taking the following state as an example, two groups of positioning members 37 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the second sub-housing 32. The first sub-housing 31 is provided with a first positioning hole 313, a second positioning hole 314 and a third positioning hole 315 adapted to the positioning member 37 at the lower end near the second sub-housing 32. The third sub-housing 33 is also provided with a first positioning hole 313, a second positioning hole 314 and a third positioning hole 315 adapted to the positioning member 37 at the upper end near the second sub-housing 32.

[0059] Specifically, through the above arrangement, the first sub-casing 31, the second sub-casing 32 and the third sub-casing 33 can have a variety of combination states: 1. The first sub-casing 31 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the top of the second sub-casing 32 through its first positioning hole 313, and the third sub-casing 33 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the bottom of the second sub-casing 32 through its first positioning hole 313. At this time, the left sides of the first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are aligned, and the right sides of the output port of the first sub-channel 311 and the input port of the second sub-channel 321 have a second state step surface 35, and the output port of the second sub-channel 321 and the input port of the third sub-channel 331 are aligned. The right side also has a second state step surface 35; 2. The first sub-housing 31 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the top of the second sub-housing 32 through its second positioning hole 314, and the third sub-housing 33 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the bottom of the second sub-housing 32 through its second positioning hole 314. At this time, the axes of the first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are aligned, and the first state step surface 34 is provided on both sides of the output port of the first sub-channel 311 and the input port of the second sub-channel 321, and the first state step surface 34 is also provided on both sides of the output port of the second sub-channel 321 and the input port of the third sub-channel 331; 3. The first sub-housing 31 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the top of the second sub-housing 32 through its second positioning hole 314. The three positioning holes 315 are plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the top of the second sub-housing 32, and the third sub-housing 33 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the bottom of the second sub-housing 32 through its third positioning hole 315. At this time, the right sides of the first sub-channel 311, the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are aligned, and the left sides of the output port of the first sub-channel 311 and the input port of the second sub-channel 321 have a third state step surface 36, and the left sides of the output port of the second sub-channel 321 and the input port of the third sub-channel 331 also have a third state step surface 36; 4. The first sub-housing 31 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the top of the second sub-housing 32 through its first positioning hole 313, and the third sub-housing 33 is plugged into the positioning piece 37 at the bottom of the second sub-housing 32. The sleeve 33 is connected to the positioning piece 37 at the bottom end of the second sub-sleeve 32 through its third positioning hole 315. At this time, the first sub-channel 311 and the second sub-channel 321 are aligned on the left side, and the second sub-channel 321 and the third sub-channel 331 are aligned on the right side. The right side of the output port of the first sub-channel 311 and the input port of the second sub-channel 321 has a second-state step surface 35, and the right side of the output port of the second sub-channel 321 and the input port of the third sub-channel 331 also has a third-state step surface 36, so that the medium flows in a staggered manner in the valve, thereby increasing the flow path, and when passing the downstream step surface, its velocity direction is more perpendicular to the tip of the step surface, further improving the shear effect.

[0060] Reference Figure 13As shown, a curved guide surface 64 is formed on the inner wall of the decompression chamber 62 near the side channel 61. This surface 64 corresponds to the outlet of the side channel 61. When the medium is ejected through the side channel 61, a laminar boundary layer forms at the instant of contact with the curved surface, avoiding the vortex separation caused by traditional impact with right-angled or straight surfaces. The curved surface guides the medium in a continuous streamline toward the diffusion zone of the decompression chamber 62, evenly distributing the pressure gradient and eliminating the possibility of local pressure drops to the cavitation threshold. The presence of the guide surface 64 allows the medium to flow along the shape of the guide surface 64 after exiting the side channel 61, thereby reducing the impact force between the medium and the guide surface 64, thereby minimizing pressure drop and cavitation. The curved design of the guide surface 64 reduces cavitation through two mechanisms: first, the curvature extends the flow path and increases flow time, thereby reducing the rate of change in flow velocity and avoiding sudden pressure drops; second, the stable flow field generated by the curved surface disperses the fluid's kinetic energy, reducing turbulent kinetic energy and preventing bubble nucleation. The medium flows through the valve without cavitation noise or microjet damage. Cavitation occurs when a sudden drop in local pressure causes gas in the fluid to form bubbles that quickly collapse, causing mechanical impact and noise, thereby affecting valve life and medium stability. Furthermore, when this valve is used in grinding fluids for bioprocessing or wafer polishing, it can also avoid severe impact damage to microorganisms and eliminate the agglomeration of abrasive particles within the grinding fluid. At the same time, there will be no excessive impact force to damage the abrasive particles and affect their uniformity. The guide surface 64 is provided in the second groove, and both ends of the guide surface 64 extend downward into the decompression space 62 through vertical transition surfaces.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the third sub-casing 33 is provided with a discharge channel 14, the input port and the output port of the discharge channel 14 are respectively connected to the accommodating groove 332 and the outside world, and the height of the input port of the discharge channel 14 relative to the bottom of the valve column 1 is less than the height of the output port of the third sub-channel 331 relative to the bottom of the valve column 1. The sheared medium is injected into the receiving tank 332 through the output port of the third sub-channel 331. The medium sinks to the bottom of the tank under the action of gravity, and the liquid level of the medium automatically covers the input port of the discharge channel 14. The medium is discharged through the discharge channel 14, so that when the medium is output from the third sub-channel 331, there is a gap between it and the liquid level in the receiving tank 332. The air layer in the gap buffers the surface liquid inlet flow fluctuation, making the liquid output of the discharge channel 14 more stable. The jet passes through the air gap above the liquid surface, and part of the kinetic energy is converted into gas flow pressure, forming a depression area on the liquid surface. The gas is entrained into the medium to form a microbubble buffer layer. The bubble layer absorbs the jet impact energy, reduces the pressure pulsation amplitude, and maintains the stability of the gas-liquid two-phase through the gap design.

[0062] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the end of the pressure head 63 is connected to a heat sink 4. A heat dissipation cavity 44 is defined within the heat sink 4 and pressure head 63 along the height direction. Multiple first heat sinks 41 are connected to the circumference of the heat sink 4; multiple second heat sinks 42 are connected to the circumference of the second housing 3. The heat sink 4, first heat sink 41, and second heat sink 42 are made of a highly thermally conductive alloy, such as a copper-based composite material. The heat dissipation cavity 44 extends through the cavity of the pressure head 63 and heat sink 4 along the height direction of the valve. The inner diameter is proportional to the diameter of the pressure head 63, allowing the pressure head 63 to form a thin-walled, heat-conductive structure without compromising structural strength. In order to further improve the thermal conductivity, a heat pipe structure is formed inside the pressure head 63, and the main body of the pressure head 63 is upgraded to a heat pipe heat transfer structure. The principle of phase change heat transfer is used to break through the thermal conductivity limit of traditional solids. The main body of the pressure head 63 is a hollow sealed shell with a heat dissipation cavity 44. The inner wall surface is provided with an axially extending capillary microgroove structure, which is filled with a low-boiling-point working fluid, including but not limited to: water, ethanol or ethane. In this embodiment, it is water. The heat dissipation cavity 44 is distributed along the axial direction and is divided into an evaporation section 441 and a condensation section 442 to form a continuous phase change chamber.

[0063] Specifically, the heat dissipation cavity 44 within the pressure head 63 is the evaporation section 441, while the heat dissipation cavity 44 within the heat sink 4 is the condensation section 442. In the evaporation section 441, water absorbs heat and boils, removing heat. The water vapor flows to the condensation section 442, where it releases heat and condenses, causing the condensed water to flow back down to the evaporation section 441, thus forming a continuous heat dissipation cycle. An external fan or natural wind can be configured to generate cooling air to convectively dissipate heat from the first and second heat sinks 41 and 42, thereby lowering the temperature of the heat sink 4 and the second housing 3. The roots of the first heat sink 41's fins are embedded in the outer wall of the heat pipe condensation section 442, while the roots of the second heat sink 42's fins are embedded in the outer wall of the second housing 3. The roots of the first and second heat sinks 41 and 42 are both thicker than the thickness of the heat pipe body to enhance the heat sink effect. Both the first and second heat sinks 41 and 42 are provided with radial heat dissipation holes 43 to improve heat dissipation capacity.

[0064] Reference Figure 6As shown, adjacent second sleeves 3 are sealed by a sealing structure 38, and the sealing surface ring is provided with a first sealing groove 384, and a first sealing ring is provided in the first sealing groove 384. The sealing structure 38 includes: a first sealing surface 381 respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves 3 and located on the side close to the valve column 1, a second sealing surface 383 respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves 3 and located on the side away from the valve column 1, and a third sealing surface 382 respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves 3 and connected to the first sealing surface 381 and the second sealing surface 383 at both ends, and there is an angle between the direction of the third sealing surface 382 and the height direction. The first sealing surface 381 is located on the inner side of the adjacent second sleeve 3 close to the valve column 1, and is an annular plane. Its inner diameter is adapted to the outer surface of the valve column 1, and the outer diameter extends to the radial middle of the second sleeve 3. The second sealing surface 383 is located on the outer side of the adjacent second sleeve 3 away from the valve column 1, and is also an annular plane to form a barrier to the external fluid. The third sealing surface 382 is a transition surface connecting the first sealing surface 381 and the second sealing surface 383, and is an annular conical surface. The inner diameter corresponds to the outer diameter of the first sealing surface 381, and the outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter of the second sealing surface 383. An angle is formed between the annular conical surface and the vertical surface, which is beneficial to the The axial compression force is decomposed into radial and axial components by the inclination angle. The radial component causes radial compression of the first sealing ring, thereby enhancing the sealing contact pressure. The inclined surface increases the contact area of ​​the sealing surface. At the same time, the two ends of the third sealing surface 382 form interfaces with the first sealing surface 381 and the second sealing surface 383 respectively, forming a tortuous channel for media with a leakage tendency. Compared with traditional flat seals, the leakage path length is increased by times, and the fluid resistance is significantly increased. When the medium reaches the inner interface, the flow direction is changed due to the obstruction of the interface, and part of the fluid kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, thereby reducing the leakage power.

[0065] The valve core 6 and the first housing 2 are sealed by a first flange assembly 51, the first housing 2 and the second housing 3 are sealed by a second flange assembly 52, and the second housing 3 and the valve stem 1 are sealed by a third flange assembly 53. The first, second, and third flange assemblies 51, 52, and 53 each include a flange 56 and a fastener 54. The flange 56 is surrounded by a second sealing groove 21 and a second sealing ring. The second flange assembly 52 and the third flange assembly 53 are connected by the fastener 54. The flange 56 at the bottom end of the first housing 2, the flange 56 at the top end of the first sub-housing 31 in the second housing 3, the flange 56 at the bottom end of the third sub-housing 33 in the second housing 3, and the flange 56 of the valve stem 1 are each provided with second fixing holes 57 corresponding to the multiple groups of positioning holes. Each group of second fixing holes 57 has three holes and is positioned corresponding to the positioning holes. The fixing holes are respectively adapted to the fasteners 54 in the first, second, and third flange assemblies 51, 52, and 53. The fasteners 54 each include a threaded bolt and nut 55. In some embodiments, the flange 56 at the bottom end of the first housing 2, the flange 56 at the top end of the first sub-housing 31 in the second housing 3, the flange 56 at the bottom end of the third sub-housing 33 in the second housing 3, and the flange 56 of the valve stem 1 are each provided with an arc-shaped waist-shaped hole, through which fasteners 54 at different positions are adapted. By providing the first flange assembly 51, the second flange assembly 52, and the third flange assembly 53, the valve core 6, the first housing 2, the plurality of second housings 3, and the valve stem 1 can be axially compressed, which not only reduces the assembly gap and makes the components fit more closely, but also causes the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring to be compressed and deformed, filling the first sealing groove 384 and the second sealing groove 21, respectively, thereby improving the sealing performance and preventing leakage of the medium in the valve. The top end of the first sub-casing 31 and the flange 56 at the bottom end of the first casing 2, the flange 56 at the bottom end of the third sub-casing 33 and the flange 56 of the valve stem 1 are connected by the same fastener 54, that is, a long screw passes through the second flange assembly 52 and the third flange assembly 53, which can axially compress the first sub-casing 31, the second sub-casing 32 and the third sub-casing 33 to further prevent leakage of the fluid medium.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage valve, characterized in that: include: A valve stem is provided with a main flow channel in the axial direction and a first groove at the end thereof; a valve core, which is provided with a pressure head that matches the inner wall of the first groove, and a plurality of side flow channels are formed between the pressure head and the inner wall of the first groove; a first sleeve, which is sleeved on the valve post, wherein a decompression space is formed between the first sleeve and the valve post, and the side flow channel is connected to the decompression space; The second sleeve is provided in a plurality and is sequentially and sealingly sleeved on the valve post along the axial direction of the valve post. The plurality of second sleeves are respectively provided with sequentially connected shear flow channels, and the shear flow channels are connected to the decompression space; along the transmission direction of the plurality of shear flow channels, the output port size of any shear flow channel is larger than the input port size of the next adjacent shear flow channel; The plurality of second casings are configured to include at least a first sub-casing and a second sub-casing, and the plurality of shear flow channels are respectively configured as a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel, and the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel are respectively opened along the axial direction of the first sub-casing and the second sub-casing and are sequentially connected; The invention also includes a third sub-casing and a third sub-channel opened in the third sub-casing. The output port of the first sub-channel is larger than the input port of the second sub-channel and a first step surface is formed at the connection point. The output port of the second sub-channel is larger than the input port of the third sub-channel and a second step surface is formed at the connection point.

2. A multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide groove is opened on the side of the first sub-casing close to the decompression space, and the two ends of the guide groove are respectively connected to the decompression space and the first sub-channel. The size of the guide groove gradually decreases from the side close to the decompression space to the side close to the first sub-channel.

3. A multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third sub-housing is provided with a receiving groove, and the output port of the third sub-flow channel is communicated with the receiving groove.

4. A multi-stage valve according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third sub-casing is provided with a discharge channel, the input port and the output port of the discharge channel are respectively connected to the accommodating tank and the outside world, and the height of the input port of the discharge channel relative to the bottom of the valve column is smaller than the height of the output port of the third sub-channel relative to the bottom of the valve column.

5. The multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the pressure head gradually increases in the direction away from the main channel. The number of the side channels is multiple and they are opened on the circumferential side of the pressure head. The valve column is provided with a decompression chamber, the size of the decompression chamber is larger than the size of the main channel, and the decompression chamber is connected to the main channel.

6. The multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two groups of corresponding positioning components are respectively arranged between adjacent second sleeves, and each group of positioning components includes at least one positioning piece and at least three corresponding first positioning holes, second positioning holes and third positioning holes; when the adjacent second sleeves are positioned by the positioning piece and the second positioning hole, both sides of the docking point of the shear flow channel between the adjacent second sleeves have step surfaces; when the adjacent second sleeves are positioned by the positioning piece and the first positioning hole or the third positioning hole, one side of the docking point of the shear flow channel between the adjacent second sleeves has a step surface and the inner wall on the other side is flush.

7. The multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide surface is provided on the inner wall of the decompression space on one side close to the side flow channel. The guide surface is a curved surface and corresponds to the output port of the side flow channel.

8. The multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the pressure head is connected to a heat sink, and a heat dissipation cavity is opened in the heat sink and the pressure head along the height direction. The circumference of the heat sink is connected to multiple first heat sinks; the circumference of the second sleeve is connected to multiple second heat sinks.

9. The multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent second sleeves are sealed by a sealing structure, and the sealing structure includes: a first sealing surface respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves and located on the side close to the valve column, a second sealing surface respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves and located on the side away from the valve column, and a third sealing surface respectively opened in the adjacent second sleeves and connected to the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface at both ends, and there is an angle between the direction of the third sealing surface and the height direction.

10. The multi-stage valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve core and the first sleeve are sealed by a first flange assembly, and the first sleeve and the second sleeve are sealed by a second flange assembly; the second sleeve and the valve column are sealed by a third flange assembly; the first flange assembly, the second flange assembly and the third flange assembly all include flange plates and fasteners, and the fasteners of the second flange assembly and the third flange assembly are connected.

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