Double-station gear grinding machine
By designing a double-station structure on the grinding machine, the shaft center of the grinding grinding wheel is vertically set and combined with lateral sliding and pitch adjustment, the problem of grinding wheel affecting the accuracy of the bending moment is solved, and efficient and accurate gear processing is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510503518.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
AI Technical Summary
During the processing process of existing grinding machines, the bending moment problem caused by the bending moment affects the accuracy and low processing efficiency of the grinding wheel, especially the horizontal arrangement of large-diameter heavy grinding wheels, has not been effectively solved.
The double-station design is adopted, and the shaft center of the grinding grinding wheel is vertically arranged, combined with the lateral sliding and pitch adjustment mechanism, the grinding grinding mechanism is distributed on both sides of the spindle, and the radial swing is eliminated by reducing the force arm and increasing the grinding efficiency.
It reduces the radial jump of the grinding wheel during rotation, improves processing accuracy and efficiency, and adapts to the processing needs of different gears.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gear grinding machines, in particular to a double-station gear grinding machine. Background Art
[0002] A gear grinder is a machine tool used for precision machining of gear tooth surfaces. It is mainly used for finishing gears that have been milled or hobbed to improve tooth profile accuracy, surface finish and gear meshing performance. The rough grinding and fine grinding of a gear grinder are two key stages in gear finishing, which are responsible for removing excess and achieving final accuracy respectively. In the prior art, the gear to be processed is clamped on the gear grinder through a vertically arranged spindle, and the grinding wheel is arranged horizontally on the gear grinder. For gears with some parameters, the corresponding processing grinding wheel has a larger diameter and a heavier mass. The horizontal arrangement will cause the grinding wheel to bear a larger bending moment on its axis. During the grinding process of the grinding wheel, the bending moment will affect the processing accuracy. In addition, some grinding wheels also need to take into account both fine grinding and rough grinding, that is, one section of the grinding wheel is rough grinding and the other section is fine grinding. During the processing, rough grinding is first performed, and then the grinding wheel is fed axially to fine grind the gear, and the processing efficiency is also low. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a double-station gear grinding machine with a reasonable structural design that can reduce the influence of bending moment on grinding wheel precision, improve machining accuracy, and improve machining efficiency.
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A double-station gear grinding machine comprises a bed and a column assembly arranged on the back side of the bed, the column assembly is provided with a spindle assembly for clamping a gear to be processed, and the spindle assembly is arranged forward in the horizontal direction; the bed is provided with two groups of gear grinding mechanisms arranged horizontally opposite to each other, the gear grinding mechanisms are located on the front side of the column assembly and are distributed on both sides of the spindle assembly; the gear grinding mechanism comprises a gear grinding base, the gear grinding base has a gear grinding drive assembly arranged vertically along the axis as a whole on the side facing the spindle assembly, a gear grinding wheel is installed at the output end of the gear grinding drive assembly, and the height of the gear grinding wheel matches the height of the spindle assembly; the bottom of the gear grinding base is slidably mounted on the bed through a first horizontal guide rail mechanism arranged horizontally, and a linear drive mechanism arranged horizontally is provided between the gear grinding base and the bed.
[0005] In the above structure, since the axis of the gear grinding drive assembly is vertically arranged as a whole, the weight of the gear grinding wheel is applied to the gear grinding drive assembly along the axis of the gear grinding drive assembly, thereby reducing the bending moment exerted by the gear grinding wheel on the shaft and avoiding radial runout of the gear grinding wheel during rotation, which is beneficial to ensuring the machining accuracy. Since this structure vertically arranges the axis of the gear grinding wheel and eliminates the radial swing of the gear grinding wheel by reducing the force arm, on the one hand, the gear grinding wheel can be made more stable, and on the other hand, the gear grinding drive assembly does not need to be further optimized in terms of strength and accuracy retention to overcome the bending moment, thereby greatly reducing the machining difficulty and cost of the gear grinding drive assembly. In addition, since two sets of gear grinding mechanisms are distributed on both sides of the main shaft assembly, the gear grinding wheels of the two sets of gear grinding mechanisms simultaneously perform gear grinding on the gear to be machined, thereby increasing the efficiency of gear grinding.
[0006] Further, one of the gear grinding wheels is a finish grinding wheel, and the other gear grinding wheel is a rough grinding wheel.
[0007] In this way, the rough grinding wheel can be used to rough grind the gear to be machined first, and the main shaft drives the gear to be machined to rotate. Once the rough grinding position rotates to the side where the finish grinding wheel is located, the finish grinding wheel can be used to finish grind the gear. At this time, rough grinding and finish grinding are carried out simultaneously on both sides of the gear, greatly improving the efficiency of gear grinding.
[0008] Further, a rotatable pitching adjustment mechanism is provided on one side of the gear grinding base facing the main shaft assembly, and the axis of rotation of the pitching adjustment mechanism is arranged horizontally along the bed; the gear grinding drive assembly is vertically arranged on the pitching adjustment mechanism.
[0009] In this way, by rotating the pitching adjustment mechanism around the horizontally arranged rotating shaft, the inclination angle of the gear grinding wheel can be adjusted to adapt to the gear grinding of helical gears.
[0010] Further, the gear grinding base has a second rotary hole arranged horizontally along the bed. The pitching adjustment mechanism includes a second rotary cylinder that is integrally cylindrical. One end of the second rotary cylinder facing the main shaft assembly has a vertically arranged pitching adjustment disc, and the gear grinding drive assembly is vertically arranged on the pitching adjustment disc; the second rotary cylinder is rotatably installed in the second rotary hole through a second rotary table bearing, and a pitching drive mechanism for driving the second rotary cylinder to rotate is provided between the two.
[0011] Further, the column assembly includes a vertically arranged column and a headstock base. The headstock base is slidably installed on the column through a vertically arranged first vertical guide rail mechanism, and a linear drive mechanism arranged vertically is provided between the headstock base and the column; the main shaft assembly is installed on the headstock base.
[0012] In this way, the head frame base moves up and down along the first vertical guide mechanism under the action of the linear drive mechanism, thereby driving the spindle assembly to move up and down, thereby adjusting the height of the gear to be processed to adapt to the processing needs.
[0013] Furthermore, a rotatable rotary mechanism is arranged on the headstock base, and the rotary axis of the rotary mechanism is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bed; the spindle assembly is arranged on the rotary mechanism, and two spindle assemblies are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the rotary mechanism.
[0014] In this way, two gears to be processed can be clamped simultaneously by the two spindle assemblies, and the positions of the two spindle assemblies can be exchanged by rotating the rotary mechanism, so that the two gears to be processed can be processed separately.
[0015] Furthermore, the headstock base has a first rotating hole arranged longitudinally of the bed, and the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating cylinder which is generally cylindrical, and the front end of the first rotating cylinder has a vertically arranged rotating disk, and the spindle assembly is located in the first rotating cylinder and is passed through the rotating disk; the first rotating cylinder is rotatably mounted in the first rotating hole through a first rotating disk bearing, and a rotating drive mechanism for driving the first rotating cylinder to rotate is arranged between the two.
[0016] Furthermore, the head frame base is provided with a head frame locking cylinder arranged forward, the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder is close to the turntable, and a locking pressure block is installed on the end, the locking pressure block is located on the side of the turntable away from the head frame base, and can press the turntable when the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder is in a retracted state; multiple head frame locking cylinders are evenly distributed along the circumference of the turntable.
[0017] In this way, after the turntable rotates to the processing position, the piston rod of the headstock locking cylinder is contracted, so that the locking pressure block can be pressed tightly against the turntable, so that the turntable can be reliably fixed to avoid swinging during the processing and affecting the processing accuracy.
[0018] Furthermore, at least one of the pitch adjustment mechanisms has a vertically arranged pad, and the pad is slidably mounted with a slide via a vertically arranged second vertical guide mechanism, and a vertically arranged linear drive mechanism is provided between the slide and the pad; the grinding drive assembly is vertically mounted on the slide.
[0019] Furthermore, the linear drive mechanism is a linear motor or a screw-nut mechanism, and the screw-nut mechanism is connected to a drive motor.
[0020] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of reasonable structural design, which can not only reduce the influence of bending moment on the accuracy of the grinding wheel, improve the machining accuracy, but also improve the machining efficiency and so on. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment.
[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the column assembly part.
[0023] Figure 3 and Figure 4 is Figure 2 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of.
[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slewing mechanism.
[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gear grinding mechanism.
[0026] Figure 7 is Figure 6 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of.
[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gear grinding mechanism on the other side.
[0028] Figure 9 is an exploded schematic diagram of the pitching adjustment mechanism, the backing plate and the sliding plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
[0030] During specific implementation: As Figures 1 to 9As shown in the figure, a double-station gear grinding machine includes a machine body 1 and a column assembly 2 provided on the back side of the machine body 1. The column assembly 2 is provided with a spindle assembly 3 for clamping a gear to be processed, and the spindle assembly 3 is arranged horizontally forward; there are two sets of gear grinding mechanisms 4 arranged opposite to each other in the transverse direction on the machine body 1. The gear grinding mechanisms 4 are located on the front side of the column assembly 2 and are distributed on both sides of the spindle assembly 3; the gear grinding mechanism 4 includes a gear grinding base 41. One side of the gear grinding base 41 facing the spindle assembly 3 is provided with a gear grinding drive assembly 42 with an axis arranged vertically as a whole. The output end of the gear grinding drive assembly 42 is installed with a gear grinding wheel 43, and the height of the gear grinding wheel 43 matches the height of the spindle assembly 3; the bottom of the gear grinding base 41 is slidably installed on the machine body 1 through a horizontally arranged first horizontal guide rail mechanism 44, and there is a linear drive mechanism arranged in the transverse direction between the gear grinding base 41 and the machine body 1. In this embodiment, one of the gear grinding wheels 43 is a fine grinding wheel, and the other gear grinding wheel 43 is a rough grinding wheel. In addition, in order to reduce the height of the gear grinding mechanism 4 and at the same time ensure that the gear grinding mechanism 4 can be height-adapted to the spindle assembly 3, two X-axis bases are provided on the machine body 1 in this embodiment, and the bottom of the gear grinding base 41 is slidably installed on the corresponding X-axis base through a horizontally arranged first horizontal guide rail mechanism 44.
[0031] Since the axis of the gear grinding drive assembly is arranged vertically as a whole, the weight of the gear grinding wheel is applied to the gear grinding drive assembly along the axis of the gear grinding drive assembly, so that the bending moment applied by the gear grinding wheel on the shaft can be reduced, and the radial runout of the gear grinding wheel during rotation can be avoided, which is beneficial to ensuring the machining accuracy. Since this structure arranges the axis of the gear grinding wheel vertically and eliminates the radial swing of the gear grinding wheel by reducing the lever arm, on the one hand, the gear grinding wheel can be made more stable, and on the other hand, the gear grinding drive assembly does not need to be further optimized in terms of strength and accuracy retention to overcome the bending moment, so that the processing difficulty and cost of the gear grinding drive assembly can be greatly reduced. In addition, since two sets of gear grinding mechanisms are distributed on both sides of the spindle assembly, the gear grinding wheels of the two sets of gear grinding mechanisms can simultaneously perform gear grinding on the gear to be processed, thereby increasing the efficiency of gear grinding. Specifically, the rough grinding wheel can be used to rough grind the gear to be processed, and the spindle drives the gear to be processed to rotate. Once the rough grinding position rotates to the side where the fine grinding wheel is located, the fine grinding wheel can be used to fine grind the gear. At this time, rough grinding and fine grinding are carried out simultaneously on both sides of the gear, greatly improving the efficiency of gear grinding.
[0032] As Figures 2 to 4As shown, the bottom of the column assembly 2 is slidably mounted on the bed 1 through a second horizontal guide rail mechanism 21 arranged longitudinally, and a linear drive mechanism arranged longitudinally is provided between the column assembly 2 and the bed 1. The column assembly 2 includes a vertically arranged column 22 and a head frame base 23, and the head frame base 23 is slidably mounted on the column 22 through a vertically arranged first vertical guide rail mechanism 24, and a linear drive mechanism arranged vertically is provided between the head frame base 23 and the column 22; the spindle assembly 3 is mounted on the head frame base 23. In this way, the head frame base moves up and down along the first vertical guide rail mechanism under the action of the linear drive mechanism, thereby driving the spindle assembly to move up and down, thereby adjusting the height of the gear to be processed to adapt to the processing needs.
[0033] The headstock base 23 is provided with a rotatable rotary mechanism 25, the rotary axis of which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bed 1; the spindle assembly 3 is arranged on the rotary mechanism 25, and two spindle assemblies are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the rotary mechanism 25. Two gears to be processed can be clamped at the same time by two spindle assemblies, and the positions of the two spindle assemblies can be exchanged by rotating the rotary mechanism, so that the two gears to be processed can be processed respectively.
[0034] The headstock base 23 has a first rotating hole longitudinally arranged on the bed 1, and the rotating mechanism 25 includes a first rotating cylinder 251 which is cylindrical as a whole, and a vertically arranged rotating disk 252 is provided at the front end of the first rotating cylinder 251, and the spindle assembly 3 is located in the first rotating cylinder 251 and is passed through the rotating disk 252; the first rotating cylinder 251 is rotatably installed in the first rotating hole through a first rotating disk bearing 253, and a rotating driving mechanism for driving the first rotating cylinder 251 to rotate is arranged between the two. The head frame base 23 is provided with a head frame locking cylinder 26 arranged forward, the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder 26 is close to the rotating disk 252, and a locking pressure block is installed at the end, the locking pressure block is located on the side of the rotating disk 252 away from the head frame base 23, and can press the rotating disk 252 when the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder 26 is retracted; four head frame locking cylinders 26 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating disk 26. After the rotating disk rotates to the processing position, the locking pressure block can be pressed against the rotating disk by contracting the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder, so that the rotating disk can be reliably fixed to prevent the swing during the processing from affecting the processing accuracy.
[0035] Specifically, Figure 2As shown in the figure, the bottom of the column 22 is provided with a Z-axis carriage, and the Z-axis carriage is mounted on the slider of the second horizontal guide mechanism 21; the headstock base 23 includes a front support plate 231 and a rear support plate 232 respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the column 22. There are two first vertical guide mechanisms 24 between the front support plate 231 and the rear support plate 232 and the column 22. Side support plates 233 are connected to both sides of the front support plate 231 and the rear support plate 232. A linear drive mechanism, specifically a linear drive motor, is vertically arranged between the side support plates 233 and the column 22. A relief hole is provided in the middle of the column 22 and runs through longitudinally along the bed 1. The front support plate 231 is provided with a support cylinder extending towards the rear support plate 232, and the support cylinder is connected to the rear support plate 232; the first rotation hole is located inside the support cylinder. By surrounding the column 22 in the middle with the front support plate 231, the rear support plate 232 and the two side support plates 233, and connecting a support cylinder between the front support plate and the rear support plate, the center of gravity of the headstock base 23 and the spindle assembly 3 mounted on the headstock base can be located on the column 22, so that the overall structure can be more stable, the bending moment can be reduced, and it is beneficial to ensure the machining accuracy.
[0036] The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary stator assembly 27 installed in the first rotation hole and permanent magnets circumferentially arranged on the first rotary cylinder 251. The permanent magnets and the rotary stator assembly 27 form a rotary motor.
[0037] As Figures 6 to 9 shown, a rotatable pitch adjustment mechanism 45 is arranged on the side of the gear grinding base 41 facing the spindle assembly 3, and the axis of rotation of the pitch adjustment mechanism 45 is arranged transversely along the bed 1; the gear grinding drive assembly 42 is vertically arranged on the pitch adjustment mechanism 45. By rotating the pitch adjustment mechanism around the transversely arranged rotating shaft, the inclination angle of the gear grinding wheel can be adjusted, so as to adapt to the gear grinding of helical gears.
[0038] The gear grinding base 41 has a second rotating hole arranged transversely along the bed 1, and the pitch adjustment mechanism 45 includes a second rotating cylinder 451 which is cylindrical as a whole, and the second rotating cylinder 451 has a vertically arranged pitch adjustment disk 452 at one end facing the spindle assembly 3, and the gear grinding drive assembly 42 is vertically arranged on the pitch adjustment disk 452; the second rotating cylinder 451 is rotatably installed in the second rotating hole through a second turntable bearing 453, and a pitch drive mechanism for driving the second rotating cylinder 451 to rotate is arranged between the two. The pitch drive mechanism includes a pitch stator assembly 47 installed in the second rotating hole and permanent magnets uniformly arranged on the second rotating cylinder 451 along the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets and the pitch stator assembly 47 constitute a pitch drive motor.
[0039] In this embodiment, the pitch adjustment mechanism 45 where the fine grinding wheel is located has a vertically arranged backing plate 454, and the backing plate 454 is slidably mounted with a slide plate 456 through a vertically arranged second vertical guide rail mechanism 455, and a vertically arranged linear drive mechanism is provided between the slide plate 456 and the backing plate 454. In this embodiment, the linear drive mechanism is a screw nut mechanism, and a drive motor is connected to the screw nut mechanism. The gear grinding drive assembly 42 is vertically mounted on the slide plate 456.
[0040] The grinding wheel base 41 is provided with a grinding wheel locking cylinder 46 disposed toward the spindle assembly 3, the piston rod of the grinding wheel locking cylinder 46 is close to the pitch adjustment disk 452, and a locking block is installed at the end thereof, the locking block is located on the side of the pitch adjustment disk 452 away from the grinding wheel base 41, and can press the pitch adjustment disk 452 when the piston rod of the grinding wheel locking cylinder 46 is retracted; four grinding wheel locking cylinders 46 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the pitch adjustment disk 452. In this way, after the grinding wheel is adjusted to a suitable angle, the pitch adjustment disk 452 can be fixed at the current position by the grinding wheel locking cylinder 46, thereby ensuring the machining accuracy.
[0041] In this embodiment, except for the linear drive mechanism between the slide plate 456 and the pad 454, which adopts a screw nut mechanism, the other linear drive mechanisms all adopt linear motors. The spindle assembly 3 and the grinding drive assembly 42 in this embodiment are both existing structures, and both include a housing and a rotating shaft rotatably arranged in the housing through a bearing, a stator assembly is arranged in the housing, and a permanent magnet corresponding to the stator assembly is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the permanent magnet and the stator assembly form a driving motor to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.
[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A double-station gear grinding machine, characterized in that, It includes a bed body (1) and a column assembly (2) arranged on the back side of the bed body (1). A spindle assembly (3) for clamping a gear to be machined is provided on the column assembly (2), and the spindle assembly (3) is arranged horizontally forward; there are two groups of gear grinding mechanisms (4) arranged transversely and oppositely on the bed body (1). The gear grinding mechanisms (4) are located on the front side of the column assembly (2) and are distributed on both sides of the spindle assembly (3); the gear grinding mechanism (4) includes a gear grinding base (41). On one side of the gear grinding base (41) facing the spindle assembly (3), there is a gear grinding drive assembly (42) with its axis arranged vertically as a whole. A gear grinding wheel (43) is installed at the output end of the gear grinding drive assembly (42), and the height of the gear grinding wheel (43) matches the height of the spindle assembly (3); the bottom of the gear grinding base (41) is slidably installed on the bed body (1) through a horizontally arranged first horizontal guide rail mechanism (44), and there is a linear drive mechanism arranged transversely between the gear grinding base (41) and the bed body (1).
2. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the gear grinding wheels (43) is a fine grinding wheel, and the other gear grinding wheel (43) is a rough grinding wheel.
3. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 2, wherein, On one side of the gear grinding base (41) facing the spindle assembly (3), a rotatable pitching adjustment mechanism (45) is provided, and the axis of rotation of the pitching adjustment mechanism (45) is arranged transversely along the bed body (1); the gear grinding drive assembly (42) is arranged vertically on the pitching adjustment mechanism (45).
4. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 3, wherein, There is a second rotary hole arranged transversely along the bed body (1) on the gear grinding base (41). The pitching adjustment mechanism (45) includes a second rotary cylinder (451) in an overall cylindrical shape. At one end of the second rotary cylinder (451) facing the spindle assembly (3), there is a vertically arranged pitching adjustment disc (452), and the gear grinding drive assembly (42) is arranged vertically on the pitching adjustment disc (452); the second rotary cylinder (451) is rotatably installed in the second rotary hole through a second turntable bearing (453), and a pitching drive mechanism for driving the second rotary cylinder (451) to rotate is arranged between the two.
5. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The column assembly (2) includes a vertically arranged column (22) and a headstock base (23). The headstock base (23) is slidably installed on the column (22) through a vertically arranged first vertical guide rail mechanism (24), and there is a linear drive mechanism arranged vertically between the headstock base (23) and the column (22); the spindle assembly (3) is installed on the headstock base (23).
6. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 5, wherein, A rotatable slewing mechanism (25) is provided on the headstock base (23), and the axis of rotation of the slewing mechanism (25) is arranged longitudinally along the bed body (1); the spindle assembly (3) is arranged on the slewing mechanism (25), and two are symmetrically arranged radially along the slewing mechanism (25).
7. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 6, wherein, The headstock base (23) has a first rotating hole arranged longitudinally of the bed (1); the rotating mechanism (25) comprises a first rotating cylinder (251) which is cylindrical in shape as a whole; the front end of the first rotating cylinder (251) has a vertically arranged rotating disk (252); the spindle assembly (3) is located in the first rotating cylinder (251) and is inserted into the rotating disk (252); the first rotating cylinder (251) is rotatably mounted in the first rotating hole via a first rotating disk bearing (253), and a rotating driving mechanism for driving the first rotating cylinder (251) to rotate is arranged between the first rotating cylinder (251).
8. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 7, wherein, The head frame base (23) has a head frame locking cylinder (26) arranged forward, the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder (26) is close to the turntable (252), and a locking pressure block is installed at the end, the locking pressure block is located on the side of the turntable (252) away from the head frame base (23), and can press the turntable (252) when the piston rod of the head frame locking cylinder (26) is retracted; multiple head frame locking cylinders (26) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the turntable (26).
9. The double-station gear grinding machine according to claim 6, wherein, At least one of the pitch adjustment mechanisms (45) has a vertically arranged pad (454), the pad (454) is slidably mounted with a slide plate (456) via a vertically arranged second vertical guide rail mechanism (455), and a vertically arranged linear drive mechanism is provided between the slide plate (456) and the pad (454); the grinding gear drive assembly (42) is vertically mounted on the slide plate (456).
10. The double-station gear grinding machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The linear drive mechanism is a linear motor or a screw-nut mechanism, and the screw-nut mechanism is connected to a drive motor.