New energy vehicle energy absorption structure based on following curve gradient multi-cell self-similar unit

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles based on gradient multicellular self-similar units following a curve. The structure includes a first multicellular self-similar structure, which comprises gradient multicellular self-similar units. Each gradient multicellular self-similar unit includes a polygonal tube and multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes disposed inside the polygonal tube and similar to the tube itself. These similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes are spirally distributed from the outside to the inside along a following curve. This energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles exhibits excellent energy absorption performance upon impact, stable deformation, and high energy absorption efficiency, providing excellent collision protection and thus improving safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle technology, specifically to a new energy vehicle energy absorption structure based on a self-similar multicellular unit that follows a gradient curve. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the increasing number of cars on the road has led to frequent car accidents. The energy-absorbing structure of the front compartment is crucial for vehicle collision safety. During a frontal collision, the front longitudinal beams and energy-absorbing boxes absorb more than half of the total collision energy. Furthermore, the deformation patterns and energy absorption characteristics of these two structures have a decisive impact on the force transmission path and acceleration response during the collision. Therefore, with increasing emphasis on vehicle collision safety and lightweight vehicle bodies, the design of such energy-absorbing structures has become a key technology for major automakers and research institutes.

[0003] Thin-walled structures, due to their excellent mechanical properties, are widely used in automotive collision protection and energy-absorbing components. Therefore, existing energy-absorbing structures are primarily thin-walled. These structures are mainly used in gasoline-powered vehicles. With the development of modern new energy technologies, new energy vehicles are gradually gaining acceptance. The requirements for energy-absorbing structures in new energy vehicles differ somewhat from those in gasoline-powered vehicles. Due to the unique characteristics of new energy batteries, the collision energy absorption space is smaller, necessitating better collision protection performance in new energy vehicles to effectively protect both the battery and occupants.

[0004] Existing thin-walled structures still suffer from defects such as unstable deformation and low energy absorption efficiency when subjected to impact; existing thin-walled structures cannot meet the needs of new energy vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems and provide a new energy vehicle energy absorption structure based on a multicellular self-similar unit that follows a gradient curve. This new energy vehicle energy absorption structure has a good energy absorption effect when subjected to impact, stable deformation, high energy absorption efficiency, and plays a good anti-collision role, thereby improving safety.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A new energy vehicle energy absorption structure based on a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit following a curve includes a first multi-cell self-similar structure, the first multi-cell self-similar structure including a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit including a polygonal tube and a plurality of similar polygonal energy absorption tubes disposed inside the polygonal tube and similar to the polygonal tube, the plurality of similar polygonal energy absorption tubes being distributed in a spiral manner along the following curve from the outside to the inside.

[0008] The working principle of the above-mentioned energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles is as follows:

[0009] Multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes are distributed in a spiral pattern along the following curve from the outside to the inside, forming a hierarchical structure. When the energy-absorbing structure of a new energy vehicle is subjected to external impact, the multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes inside will absorb and disperse the impact energy. The internal hierarchical structure will undergo stacking deformation to form wrinkles, which can quickly absorb energy and reduce the impact of the impact force on the structure.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side edge of the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube is connected to the inner surface of the polygonal tube; in two adjacent similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes, the side edge of the inner similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube is connected to the inner surface of the outer similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube. In this structure, the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube is connected to the polygonal tube, and adjacent similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes are interconnected, which can improve the strength of the energy-absorbing structure of new energy vehicles and disperse impact energy, thereby improving the anti-collision effect.

[0011] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of both the polygonal tube and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube is polygonal; any two polygons are similar polygons; in two adjacent polygons, each vertex of the inner polygon is connected one-to-one to each edge of the outer polygon; the vertex is a point on the side edge of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube. The purpose is to make the structure more stable by setting the polygonal tube and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube with polygonal cross-sectional shapes, thereby improving the strength and energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing structure of new energy vehicles.

[0012] Preferably, in two adjacent polygons, the vertex positions of each side of the outer polygon are selected in the same proportion, and the vertex positions are the positions of the vertices of the inner polygon. The purpose of this structure is to ensure that the vertices of the polygons lie on the following curve, and that adjacent polygons are connected to each other. When an external impact acts on the energy-absorbing structure of the new energy vehicle, each internal polygon absorbs and disperses the impact energy, and the internal hierarchical structure undergoes stacking deformation, forming wrinkles, thus reducing the impact of the impact force on the structure.

[0013] Preferably, both the polygonal tube and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube are formed by connecting multiple side plates end to end, with each side plate corresponding to one side of the polygon. At the vertex, each side of the polygon is divided into two segments: the longer segment is called the long segment, and the shorter segment is called the short segment. The portion of the side plate corresponding to the long segment is a long connecting plate, and the portion corresponding to the short segment is a short connecting plate. The similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes are arranged from the outside in. When the number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes is even, the long connecting plates of the odd-numbered layers are removed. When the number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes is odd, the long connecting plates of the second-to-last layer and the preceding odd-numbered layers are removed. In this structure, removing some long connecting plates and retaining short connecting plates allows for greater spacing between the polygonal tube and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes, as well as between two similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes. This reduces structural weight while maintaining stability and compressive strength.

[0014] Preferably, the polygon is a triangle. Triangular polygonal tubes have a simpler structure than similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes.

[0015] Preferably, the polygon is a quadrilateral. Quadrilateral polygon tubes and similar polygon energy-absorbing tubes have better energy absorption effects. Quadrilateral shape allows for a larger internal space for polygon tubes and similar polygon energy-absorbing tubes. During the collision process, the interaction between the various layers of structure generates stacking deformation, resulting in more and more uniform wrinkles, improving energy absorption capacity, and reducing the initial peak force.

[0016] Preferably, the polygon is hexagonal. Hexagonal polygonal tubes and similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes have good energy absorption effects. Adjacent hexagons are in contact with each other, resulting in good connection stability and improving the overall structural rigidity. When the energy-absorbing structure of a new energy vehicle is subjected to a certain impact force, more wrinkles are generated at the contact points of adjacent hexagons. Furthermore, the external impact force will be transmitted through the contact points of adjacent hexagons. After buffering and transitioning between each layer, the impact force is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the impact on the energy-absorbing structure of the new energy vehicle and giving it good impact resistance and buffering capacity, which helps to mitigate the damage caused by impact.

[0017] Preferably, the number of gradient multicellular self-similar units is six; the six gradient multicellular self-similar units are arrayed or mirror-combined along the circumferential direction with the side edges of the polygonal tube as the center, and the outer surfaces of the polygonal tubes of two adjacent gradient multicellular self-similar units are connected to each other. In the above structure, the polygonal tubes of the six gradient multicellular self-similar units are set as a whole, making the shape of the entire new energy vehicle energy absorption structure hexagonal prism. The outer surfaces of two adjacent polygonal tubes are connected to each other, making the overall structure more compact and improving the rigidity of the overall structure. During deformation, the interaction between the various levels of structure increases the number of wrinkles generated during deformation, and the wrinkle wavelengths are shorter and more uniform. During the collision stage, the fluctuation of impact force is smaller, energy absorption is greatly improved, and the collision is more stable.

[0018] Preferably, the energy-absorbing structure of the new energy vehicle further includes a second multi-cell self-similar structure, which is connected in series with the first multi-cell self-similar structure. The second multi-cell self-similar structure includes a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit, and the other structures of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit are the same as those of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit in the first multi-cell self-similar structure, except that the polygon of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit in the second multi-cell self-similar structure is hexagonal. In the above structure, the first multi-cell self-similar structure formed by arranging six gradient multi-cell self-similar units along the circumferential direction is combined with the hexagonal second multi-cell self-similar structure into a whole, resulting in a series-connected gradient multi-cell self-similar unit following the curve. This effectively reduces the weight of the structure, making it lighter, while maintaining the overall structural rigidity. During the collision phase, the impact force fluctuation is smaller, energy absorption is significantly improved, and the collision is more stable.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] The new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure of this invention comprises multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes arranged in a spiral pattern from the outside to the inside along a following curve, forming a hierarchical structure. When the new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure is subjected to external impact, the multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes inside absorb and disperse the impact energy. The internal hierarchical structure undergoes stacking deformation, forming folds, which can quickly absorb energy, reducing the impact of the impact force on the structure. It has a good energy absorption effect, stable deformation, high energy absorption efficiency, and plays a good anti-collision role, thereby improving safety. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0022] Figure 2This is a top view of the first specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second specific embodiment of the energy absorption structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a top view of the second specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0025] Figure 5 The first and second specific embodiments of the energy absorption structure for new energy vehicles in this invention are illustrated in the following structural diagrams.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a top view of the third specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fourth specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a top view of the fourth specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0030] Figure 10 The following are schematic diagrams illustrating the third and fourth specific embodiments of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fifth specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0032] Figure 12 This is a top view of the fifth specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0033] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sixth specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0034] Figure 14 This is a top view of the sixth specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0035] Figure 15 The fifth and sixth specific embodiments of the energy absorption structure for new energy vehicles in this invention are illustrated in the following structural diagrams.

[0036] Figure 16 This is a top view of the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the seventh specific embodiment of the energy absorption structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0037] Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional view of the seventh specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention, which uses a circumferential array.

[0038] Figure 18 This is a top view of the seventh specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention, which uses a circumferential array.

[0039] Figure 19 This is a perspective view of a mirrored combination in the seventh specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0040] Figure 20 This is a top view of a mirrored combination in the seventh specific embodiment of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0041] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth specific embodiment of the energy absorption structure for new energy vehicles in this invention.

[0042] Figure 22 The force-displacement curves are obtained from the axial impact tests of the six new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structures in this invention and existing technology structures.

[0043] Figure 23 This is an energy absorption curve diagram of the axial impact test of the six new energy vehicle energy absorption structures in this invention and existing technology structures.

[0044] Figure 24 The diagram shows the wrinkling and deformation process of the five new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structures in this invention compared with existing technology structures during axial impact tests.

[0045] Figure 25 This is a comparison chart of the energy absorption evaluation parameters of the six new energy vehicle energy absorption structures in this invention and existing technology structures.

[0046] Figure 26 This is a radar chart showing the energy absorption evaluation parameters of the six new energy vehicle energy absorption structures in this invention and existing technology structures. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] See Figures 1-2 , Figures 6-7 and Figures 11-12 This embodiment discloses a new energy vehicle energy absorption structure based on a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 following a curve. It includes a first multi-cell self-similar structure, which includes a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101. The gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 includes a polygonal tube 1 and a plurality of similar polygonal energy absorption tubes 2 disposed inside the polygonal tube 1 and similar to the polygonal tube 1. The plurality of similar polygonal energy absorption tubes 2 are distributed in a spiral manner from the outside to the inside along the following curve.

[0050] See Figures 1-2 , Figures 6-7 and Figures 11-12 The similarity between polygon tube 1 and similar polygon energy-absorbing tube 2 means that they have the same shape but different sizes. A following curve is a trajectory left by each vertex of a polygon, where each vertex follows an adjacent vertex in a certain direction, while the vertices move closer to the midpoint of the polygon. A pursuit curve describes the trajectory formed when an object (tracker) continuously follows another moving object (target) using a specific strategy. In this embodiment, the following curve refers to the fact that the fixed points of each layer of polygons are distributed along this pursuit curve.

[0051] See Figures 1-2 , Figures 6-7 and Figures 11-12 The side edge 3 of the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is connected to the inner surface of the polygonal tube 1; in two adjacent similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2, the side edge 3 of the inner similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is connected to the inner surface of the outer similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2. In the above structure, the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is connected to the polygonal tube 1, and adjacent similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 are interconnected, which can improve the strength of the energy-absorbing structure of new energy vehicles and disperse impact energy, thereby improving the anti-collision effect.

[0052] See Figures 1-2 , Figures 6-7 and Figures 11-12 The polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 both have polygonal cross-sectional shapes, and these polygons are equilateral polygons. Any two polygons are similar polygons. In two adjacent polygons, each vertex of the inner polygon is connected one-to-one to each side of the outer polygon. The vertex is a point on the side edge 3 of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2. The purpose is to make the structure more stable by setting the polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 with polygonal cross-sectional shapes, thereby improving the strength and energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing structure of new energy vehicles.

[0053] See Figures 1-2 , Figures 6-7 and Figures 11-12 In a given pair of adjacent polygons, each side of the outer polygon is selected at vertex position 4 according to the same proportion. Vertex position 4 is the position of the vertex of the inner polygon. The purpose of this structure is to ensure that the vertices of the polygons lie on the following curve, and that adjacent polygons are connected to each other. When an external impact acts on the energy-absorbing structure of a new energy vehicle, each internal polygon absorbs and disperses the impact energy. The internal hierarchical structure undergoes stacking deformation, forming wrinkles, thus reducing the impact of the impact force on the structure.

[0054] See Figures 1-2 In this embodiment, the polygon can be a triangle. When there are 3 triangles, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the 3rd order triangle following curve. Specifically, when there are n triangles, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the nth order triangle following curve.

[0055] See Figures 1-2 , Figures 6-7 and Figures 11-12 The working principle of the above-mentioned energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles is as follows:

[0056] Multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 are distributed in a spiral manner along the following curve from the outside to the inside, so that the multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 form a hierarchical structure. When the energy-absorbing structure of the new energy vehicle is subjected to external impact, the multiple similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 inside will absorb and disperse the impact energy. The internal hierarchical structure will generate stacking deformation and form wrinkles, which can quickly absorb energy and reduce the impact of the impact force on the structure.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] See Figures 1-15In this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, both the polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 are formed by connecting multiple side plates end to end. The side plates correspond one-to-one with the edges of the polygons. Vertex position 4 divides each edge of the polygon into two line segments, the longer line segment being the long line segment and the shorter line segment being the short line segment. The part of the side plate corresponding to the long line segment is the long connecting plate 5, and the part of the side plate corresponding to the short line segment is the short connecting plate 6. That is, the side plate is divided into two parts: the long connecting plate 5 and the short connecting plate 6. The similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 are arranged from the outside to the inside. When the number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 is even, the long connecting plates 5 of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 in the odd-numbered layers are removed. When the number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 is odd, the long connecting plates 5 of the second to last layer and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 in the odd-numbered layers before the second to last layer are removed. Removing the long connecting plate 5 can be seen as creating a through groove between the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 and the polygonal tube 1, as well as between adjacent similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2, thus removing the long connecting plate 5. In the above structure, removing part of the long connecting plate 5 and retaining the short connecting plate 6, the connection is achieved through the short connecting plate 6. The short connecting plate 6 can be regarded as a connecting rib. Removing the long connecting plate 5 can increase the gap between the polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2, as well as between two similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2, thereby reducing the structural weight while maintaining stability and compressive strength.

[0059] See Figures 1-5 The polygon is a triangle (equilateral triangle). Both the polygon tube 1 and the similar polygon energy-absorbing tube 2 are formed by connecting three side plates end-to-end. The gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit for the triangle following the curve. The triangular polygon tube 1 is called the triangular tube, and the similar polygon energy-absorbing tube 2 is called the similar triangular energy-absorbing tube; by setting the shape of the triangle, the structure of the polygon tube 1 and the similar polygon energy-absorbing tube 2 is simplified. The wall thickness of the polygon tube 1 is 0.6 mm, the diameter of the inscribed circle of the triangle in the polygon tube 1 is 30 mm, and the length (axial length) of the polygon tube 1 is 50 mm.

[0060] See Figures 1-5 The design method of the energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles includes: the cross-sectional shape of the polygonal tube 1 is triangular; using the triangle as the base, various gradient multicellular self-similar units 101 following curves are obtained through transformations of order, scale, and scalar method. The triangle of the polygonal tube 1 is a first-order triangle, and the triangle of the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is a second-order triangle, with the order increasing sequentially from the outside to the inside.

[0061] The three sides of the first-order triangle are simultaneously divided into segments according to a ratio of 1:9, 2:8, or 3:7. The segment point is designated as vertex position 4. This segment point is then used as the vertex of the next-order (second-order) triangle. The segments of each side are then connected sequentially to form the second-order triangle. This second-order triangle is the cross-sectional shape of the outermost similar polygonal energy absorber 2. The wall thickness of the similar polygonal energy absorber 2 is 0.3 mm. Following this pattern, three different ratios of second-order triangles can be obtained as gradient multicellular self-similar units for following curves. Vertex position 4 (segment point) divides each side of the first-order triangle into two segments: the longer segment is called the long segment, and the shorter segment is called the short segment.

[0062] There are several methods of deletion. The first method (abbreviated as 1 / 1) is: when the order is odd, delete the long line segments of each side of the even-order triangle. The second method (abbreviated as 1 / 2) is: when the order is even, delete the long line segments of each side of the second-to-last order and the even-order triangles before the second-to-last order.

[0063] Taking a ratio of 3:7 and an order of 3 as an example, each side of the first-order triangle is segmented according to a ratio of 3:7. After taking the segment points, each segment point is connected in sequence to form a third-order triangle. The wall thickness of the energy absorber tube 2, which is a similar polygon corresponding to the third-order triangle, is 0.3mm. The first deletion method (referred to as 1 / 1) is introduced to delete the long line segments (segments with a length ratio of 7) of each side of the second-order triangle, and retain the short line segments (segments with a length ratio of 3). The first-order triangle and the third-order triangle are retained, forming a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the second-order triangle following the curve. That is, the initial total order is 3, and after the deletion method, the remaining order is 2, forming a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the second-order triangle following the curve. Based on this idea, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit for a 3rd-order triangle following a curve is based on a 5th-order triangle (odd order). The long segments (segments with a length ratio of 7) of each side of the 2nd and 4th-order triangles are deleted, i.e., the long segments of each side of the even-order triangles are deleted, retaining the short segments (segments with a length ratio of 3). These short segments connect the 1st, 3rd, and 5th-order triangles. Through transformations involving order, ratio, and deletion, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit for an nth-order triangle following a curve is obtained, where n represents the number of triangles retained after deletion.

[0064] Taking a ratio of 3:7 and an order of 6 as an example, we introduce a second deletion method (referred to as 1 / 2). Based on a triangle of order 6 (even order), we delete the long line segments (segments with a length ratio of 7) of each side of the second, fourth, and fifth order triangles. That is, we delete the long line segments of each side of the penultimate order and the even order triangles before the penultimate order. The penultimate order is the fifth order, and the second and fourth orders are even order triangles before the fifth order. We retain the short line segments (segments with a length ratio of 3). The short line segments connect the first, third, and sixth order triangles to form another type of 3-order triangle following curve gradient multicellular self-similar unit.

[0065] The ratio in this embodiment is 1:9, 2:8, or 3:7. Other ratios can be set as needed. There are many ways to delete, and other deletion methods can be selected according to the energy absorption requirements.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] See Figures 6-7 The other structures in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The difference is that the polygon in this embodiment can be a quadrilateral. When the number of quadrilaterals is 3, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the 3rd order quadrilateral following curve. When the number of quadrilaterals is n, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the nth order quadrilateral following curve.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] See Figures 6-10 In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as those in Embodiment 2, except that the polygon is a quadrilateral (equilateral quadrilateral). Both the polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 are formed by connecting four side plates end-to-end. The design method of the new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure is the same as that in Embodiment 2, except that the base is a quadrilateral. The gradient multicellular self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the quadrilateral following curve; the quadrilateral polygonal tube 1 is called the quadrilateral tube, and the quadrilateral similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is called the similar quadrilateral energy-absorbing tube; the energy absorption effect of the quadrilateral polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is better than that of the triangle in Embodiment 2. At the same order, the internal space of the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the quadrilateral following curve is larger. During the collision process, the interaction between the various levels of structures generates stacking deformation, resulting in more and more uniform wrinkles, improved energy absorption capacity, and reduced initial peak force.

[0070] Taking a ratio of 3:7 and an order of 3 as an example, the first deletion method is introduced, which deletes the long line segments (segments with a length ratio of 7) of each side of the second-order quadrilateral, and retains the short line segments (segments with a length ratio of 3); and retains the first-order quadrilateral and the third-order quadrilateral, forming a gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the second-order quadrilateral following the curve.

[0071] See Figures 8-9 Taking a ratio of 3:7 and an order of 6 as an example, a second deletion method is introduced, which retains the first-order quadrilateral, the third-order quadrilateral and the sixth-order quadrilateral, forming a gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the third-order quadrilateral following the curve.

[0072] In this embodiment, the gradient multicellular self-similar unit 101 has a length of 50 mm, the inscribed circle diameter of the first-order quadrilateral is 30 mm, the wall thickness of the polygonal tube 1 corresponding to the first-order quadrilateral is 0.6 mm, and the wall thickness of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 corresponding to the second-order and higher-order quadrilaterals is 0.3 mm. The gradient multicellular self-similar unit for the quadrilateral following the curve in this embodiment can also be set to other sizes to meet specific requirements.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] See Figures 11-12 The other structures in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that the polygons in this embodiment can be hexagons. When the number of hexagons is 3, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the 3rd order hexagonal following curve. Specifically, when the number of hexagons is n, the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the nth order hexagonal following curve.

[0075] Example 6

[0076] See Figures 13-15In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 2, except that the polygon is hexagonal (equilateral hexagon). Both the polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 are formed by connecting six side plates end-to-end. The design method of the new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure is the same as in Embodiment 2, except that the base is hexagonal. The gradient multicellular self-similar unit 101 becomes the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the hexagonal following curve; the energy absorption effect of the hexagonal polygonal tube 1 and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 is better than that of the quadrilateral in Embodiment 4. Adjacent hexagons are in contact with each other, resulting in good connection stability and improving the overall structural rigidity. When the new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure is subjected to a certain impact force, the adjacent hexagons generate more wrinkles at the contact point. Furthermore, the external impact force will be transmitted through the contact ends of the adjacent hexagons. After buffering and transitioning between each layer, the impact force is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the impact on the new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure, giving it good impact resistance and buffering ability, which helps to mitigate the damage caused by impact.

[0077] Taking a ratio of 3:7 and an order of 3 as an example, the first deletion method is introduced, which deletes the long line segments (segments with a length ratio of 7) of each side of the second-order hexagon, and retains the short line segments (segments with a length ratio of 3); and retains the first-order hexagon and the third-order hexagon, forming a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the second-order hexagon following the curve.

[0078] See Figures 13-14 Taking a ratio of 3:7 and an order of 6 as an example, a second deletion method is introduced, which retains the first-order hexagon, the third-order hexagon, and the sixth-order hexagon to form a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit that follows the curve of the third-order hexagon.

[0079] In this embodiment, the gradient multicellular self-similar unit 101 has a length of 50 mm, the inscribed circle diameter of the first-order hexagon is 30 mm, the wall thickness of the polygonal tube 1 corresponding to the first-order hexagon is 0.6 mm, and the wall thickness of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube 2 corresponding to the second-order and higher-order hexagons is 0.3 mm. The gradient multicellular self-similar unit for the quadrilateral following curve in this embodiment can also be set to other sizes to meet specific requirements.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] See Figures 16-20 In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The polygon is also a triangle (equilateral triangle). The difference is that the gradient multi-cell self-similar units that follow the curve of the triangle are self-combined and arrayed or mirrored along the circumferential direction with the side edge of the polygon tube 1 as the center. The number of gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 is 6.

[0082] See Figures 16-18Specifically, the array arrangement along the circumferential direction is as follows: six gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are arrayed along the circumferential direction, with the outer surfaces of the polygonal tubes 1 of two adjacent gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 connected to each other. The array is circular, centered on the side edges of the polygonal tubes 1 in the gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101. In this structure, the polygonal tubes 1 of the six gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are integrated, making the overall shape of the new energy vehicle energy-absorbing structure hexagonal prism. The outer surfaces of two adjacent polygonal tubes 1 are connected to each other, making the overall structure more compact and improving its rigidity. During deformation, the interaction between different structural levels increases the number of wrinkles generated during deformation, resulting in shorter and more uniform wrinkle wavelengths. During the collision phase, the impact force fluctuation is smaller, energy absorption is significantly improved, and the collision is more stable.

[0083] See Figures 16-20 In this embodiment, a single gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 is a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of a 5th-order triangle following curve. The number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes 2 is 4, that is, the cross-sectional shape of a single gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 has 5 triangles from the outside to the inside. The length of a single gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 is 50mm, that is, the side edge length is 50mm. The diameter of the inscribed circle of the first-order triangle is 10mm. The wall thickness of one side of the polygonal tube 1 corresponding to the first-order triangle is 0.6mm, and the wall thickness of the other two sides is 0.3mm. The wall thickness of the second, third, fourth, and fifth-order triangles is 0.3mm. With the side edge connected by the two sides of the first-order triangle with a wall thickness of 0.3mm as the center, 6 gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are arranged in a circular array, so that the array combination of 6 gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 forms a gradient multi-cell self-similar circular array combination structure of a triangle following curve, that is, the first multi-cell self-similar structure. The outermost layer of the first multi-cell self-similar structure forms a hexagonal shape, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the outermost hexagon is 30 mm.

[0084] See Figure 16 and Figures 19-20The mirror combination method is as follows: the 6 gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are divided into two pairs. Each pair of gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 is symmetrically distributed with the side edge of the polygon tube 1 as the center. The outer surfaces of the polygon tube 1 of two adjacent gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are connected to each other. The length of a single gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 is 50 mm, i.e., the length of its side edge is 50 mm. The diameter of the inscribed circle of the first-order triangle is 10 mm. The wall thickness of one side of the polygon tube 1 corresponding to the first-order triangle is 0.6 mm, and the wall thickness of the other two sides is 0.3 mm. The wall thickness of the second, third, fourth, and fifth-order triangles is 0.3 mm. Mirroring the side edges connected by the two sides of the first-order triangle with a wall thickness of 0.3 mm as the center, three pairs of gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are mirrored and combined. That is, the six gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 are divided into three pairs, each pair being symmetrically arranged. This array of six gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 forms a gradient multi-cell self-similar mirror symmetrical combination structure of a triangle following a curve, i.e., the first multi-cell self-similar structure. The outermost layer of the first multi-cell self-similar structure forms a hexagonal shape, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the outermost hexagon is 30 mm. The outer surfaces of adjacent polygonal tubes 1 are connected to each other, making the overall structure more compact and improving the rigidity of the overall structure. During deformation, the interaction between the various levels of structure increases the number of folds generated during the deformation process. The fold wavelengths are shorter and more uniform. During the collision phase, the fluctuation of the impact force is smaller, the energy absorption is greatly improved, and the collision is more stable.

[0085] Example 8

[0086] See Figure 21 The new energy vehicle energy absorption structure in this embodiment further includes a second multi-cell self-similar structure 200, which is connected in series with the first multi-cell self-similar structure 100; wherein, the first multi-cell self-similar structure 100 is the first multi-cell self-similar structure of Embodiment 7. The second multi-cell self-similar structure 200 and the first multi-cell self-similar structure 100 are connected in series to form a series gradient multi-cell self-similar series structure of a following curve.

[0087] See Figure 21Specifically, the second multi-cell self-similar structure 200 includes a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101. The other structures of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 in the second multi-cell self-similar structure 200 are the same as those in the first multi-cell self-similar structure 100, except that the polygon of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 in the second multi-cell self-similar structure is hexagonal, while the polygon of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit 101 in the first multi-cell self-similar structure is triangular. Specifically, the second multi-cell self-similar structure is the first multi-cell self-similar structure in Embodiment 6. In the above structure, the first multi-cell self-similar structure 100, formed by arranging six gradient multi-cell self-similar units 101 along the circumferential direction, is combined with the hexagonal second multi-cell self-similar structure 200 to form a whole, resulting in a series gradient multi-cell self-similar cascade structure following the curve. This effectively reduces the weight of the structure, making it lighter, while still ensuring the rigidity of the overall structure. During the collision phase, the impact force fluctuation is smaller, energy absorption is significantly improved, and the collision is more stable.

[0088] In this embodiment, the overall length of the energy-absorbing structure for the new energy vehicle is 50mm. The length of the first multi-cell self-similar structure 100 is 30mm, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the first-order triangle is 10mm, and the wall thickness corresponding to the first-order triangle is 0.6mm. The order of the first multi-cell self-similar structure is 5, and the wall thickness corresponding to the second, third, fourth, and fifth-order triangles is 0.3mm. The length of the second multi-cell self-similar structure 200 is 20mm; the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the second multi-cell self-similar structure 200 is a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of a 5th-order hexagonal following curve. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the first-order hexagon is 30mm, the corresponding wall thickness is 0.6mm, the ratio is 2:8, and the wall thickness of the remaining hexagons is 0.3mm.

[0089] See Figures 22-23 Axial simulated impact tests were conducted on gradient multicellular self-similar units of 3rd order triangles, quadrilaterals, and hexagons following curves with a scale of 2:8 and without the introduction of the deletion method of order 3; gradient multicellular self-similar units of 3rd order triangles following curves with a scale of 3:7 and with the introduction of the second deletion method (referred to as 1 / 2) of order 5; gradient multicellular self-similar mirror symmetric combination structure of triangle following curves; series gradient multicellular self-similar series structure of following curves; and hexagonal single tubes in the prior art, to obtain energy absorption curves, force-displacement curves, and impact resistance performance data. Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 25 as well as Figure 26In the diagram, a triangle represents a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of a 3rd-order triangle following a curve with a ratio of 2:8 and without the introduction of a deletion method of order 3; a quadrilateral represents a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of a 3rd-order quadrilateral following a curve with a ratio of 2:8 and without the introduction of a deletion method of order 3; a hexagon represents a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of a 3rd-order hexagon following a curve with a ratio of 2:8 and without the introduction of a deletion method of order 3; a triangle 1 / 2 represents a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of a 3rd-order triangle following a curve with a ratio of 3:7 and with the introduction of a second deletion method (abbreviated as 1 / 2) of order 5; a hexagonal single tube represents a hexagonal single tube in the prior art; a symmetrical combination of triangles represents a mirror symmetrical combination structure of gradient multi-cell self-similar units of triangle following curves; and a combination of triangles and hexagonal gradients represents the cascaded gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the following curves in Example 8.

[0090] pass Figure 22 The energy absorption curves show that the triangular follower curve gradient multicellular self-similar mirror-symmetric combination structure is superior to the series follower curve gradient multicellular self-similar series structure. Both structures exhibit significantly increased energy absorption, with continuously rising energy absorption efficiency, exceeding the energy absorption of triangular, quadrilateral, and hexagonal follower curve gradient multicellular self-similar units by three times. From... Figure 22 The force-displacement curves show that all seven structures rapidly reach peak force in the initial stage of impact, followed by a relatively stable phase. The triangular follower curve gradient multicellular self-similar mirror-symmetric combination structure and the series follower curve gradient multicellular self-similar series structure finally enter the densification stage, where the impact force rises rapidly. The figure also shows that the force-displacement curves of the seven structures fluctuate smoothly. During the collision phase, the smaller the fluctuation in impact force, the smoother the collision, which is more conducive to protecting the integrity of the structure.

[0091] See Figures 24-25 EA represents energy absorption, SEA represents specific energy absorption, IPCF represents initial peak force, MCF represents average impact load, and CFE represents load efficiency. Figure 25 and Figure 26 It can be seen that, among gradient multicellular self-similar elements with the same third-order triangular following curve, the energy absorption of the gradient multicellular self-similar element with the second type of deleting method (referred to as 1 / 2) is similar to that of the gradient multicellular self-similar element without deleting. However, because the gradient multicellular self-similar element with the second type of deleting method (referred to as 1 / 2) is lighter, its energy absorption is increased by 14.85%, achieving structural lightweighting. The initial peak force is reduced by 15.2 kN, resulting in a smaller impact force on the structure during the collision phase, which is more conducive to protecting the structural integrity. The load efficiency is improved by 4%. Figure 24The diagram showing the wrinkling and deformation process reveals that the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the triangular following curve with the second deletion method (referred to as 1 / 2) forms more wrinkles with shorter wavelengths, indicating improved energy absorption efficiency during this process. Therefore, the energy absorption effect of the gradient multicellular self-similar structure of the triangular following curve with the second deletion method is better than that of the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the triangular following curve without deletion.

[0092] Under different polygons of the same order (gradient multicellular self-similar units following the curve of the same order polygon) and the same scale, the hexagon absorbs more energy than the triangle and quadrilateral. Furthermore, the inscribed circle diameter of the first-order polygon is 30 mm. The hexagon is lighter than the triangle and quadrilateral, and its initial peak force is 23.37 kN lower than that of the triangle. This results in a specific energy absorption of 22.65 J / g, which is 10.33 J / g and 4.18 J / g higher than that of the triangle and quadrilateral, respectively. The load efficiency of the hexagon is 0.44, which is 0.2 and 0.05 higher than that of the triangle and quadrilateral, respectively. This indicates that, for a single polygon, under the same order and scale, the hexagonal gradient multicellular self-similar unit following the curve has better energy absorption performance. The energy absorption of the triangular symmetric combination (a self-similar mirror-symmetric combination structure of gradient polycells following a triangular curve) and the triangular-hexagonal gradient combination (a series-connected self-similar series structure of gradient polycells following a triangular curve) are 3124.63 J and 3155.38 J, respectively. The energy absorption of the triangular-hexagonal gradient combination is 345.4% higher than that of the triangular structure and 224% higher than that of the hexagonal structure. The initial peak force of the triangular-hexagonal gradient combination is 138.98 kN, which is 15.58 kN lower than that of the triangular symmetric combination. Since the mass of the triangular-hexagonal gradient combination is smaller than that of the triangular symmetric combination, its specific energy absorption is 35.69 J / g, which is 6.41 J / g higher than that of the triangular symmetric combination. Therefore, it can be seen that the series-connected self-similar series structure of gradient polycells following a triangular curve has better energy absorption performance than the triangular-hexagonal self-similar mirror-symmetric combination structure of gradient polycells following a triangular curve.

[0093] See Figures 22-26 Furthermore, in the automotive field, existing automotive energy-absorbing boxes typically employ thin-walled structures (square / circular / hexagonal), which are simple to manufacture and low in cost, but their energy absorption efficiency is relatively limited. Existing thin-walled structures, such as hexagonal single tubes, have the following dimensions: structural length 50mm, inscribed circle diameter 30mm, and wall thickness 0.6mm. Figure 25It can be seen that the gradient multicellular self-similar mirror-symmetric composite structure of the triangular following curve improves energy absorption by 706.05%, specific energy absorption (SEA) by 118.82%, and load efficiency by 130.3% compared with the existing hexagonal single tube. The initial peak force is also 104.07 kN higher than that of the hexagonal single tube, indicating that the gradient multicellular self-similar mirror-symmetric composite structure of the triangular following curve has better rigidity. Furthermore, the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the hexagonal following curve improves energy absorption by 148.81%, specific energy absorption by 38.87%, and load efficiency by 33.33% compared with the hexagonal single tube. The initial peak force is also 28.55 kN higher than that of the hexagonal single tube, indicating that the gradient multicellular self-similar unit of the hexagonal following curve has better rigidity than the hexagonal single tube. Based on... Figure 24 It can be seen that under axial compression, the hexagonal single tube forms fewer wrinkles, has a shorter wavelength, absorbs less energy, and has the slowest rate of energy absorption growth. The hexagonal gradient multicellular self-similar unit following the curve and the series-connected gradient multicellular self-similar tandem structure following the curve have denser wrinkles, a shorter average wrinkle wavelength, and absorb more energy, resulting in a better energy absorption effect.

[0094] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new energy vehicle energy absorption structure based on self-similar multicellular units following a gradient curve, characterized in that, The first multi-cell self-similar structure includes a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit, which includes a polygonal tube and a plurality of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes disposed inside the polygonal tube and similar to the polygonal tube. The plurality of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes are distributed in a spiral manner along a following curve from the outside to the inside. The side edge of the outermost similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube is connected to the inner surface of the polygonal tube; in two adjacent similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes, the side edge of the inner similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube is connected to the inner surface of the outer similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube. The cross-sectional shape of the polygonal tube and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube are both polygons; any two polygons are similar polygons; in two adjacent polygons, each vertex of the inner polygon is connected one-to-one to each side of the outer polygon; the vertex is a point on the side edge of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube. In two adjacent polygons, the vertex positions of each side of the outer polygon are selected in the same proportion, and the vertex positions are the positions of the vertices of the inner polygon.

2. The energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polygonal tube and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tube are both formed by connecting multiple side plates end to end. The side plates correspond one-to-one with the edges of the polygon. The vertex position divides each edge of the polygon into two line segments, the longer line segment being the long line segment and the shorter line segment being the short line segment. The part of the side plate corresponding to the long line segment is the long connecting plate, and the part of the side plate corresponding to the short line segment is the short connecting plate. The similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes are arranged from the outside to the inside. When the number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes is even, the long connecting plates of the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes in the odd-numbered layers are removed. When the number of similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes is odd, the long connecting plates of the second-to-last layer and the similar polygonal energy-absorbing tubes in the odd-numbered layers before the second-to-last layer are removed.

3. The energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The polygon is a triangle.

4. The energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The polygon is a quadrilateral.

5. The energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The polygon is hexagonal.

6. The energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of gradient multi-cell self-similar units is 6; the 6 gradient multi-cell self-similar units are arrayed or mirrored along the circumferential direction with the side edge of the polygonal tube as the center, and the outer surfaces of the polygonal tubes of two adjacent gradient multi-cell self-similar units are connected to each other.

7. The energy-absorbing structure for new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing structure of the new energy vehicle also includes a second multi-cell self-similar structure, which is connected in series with the first multi-cell self-similar structure. The second multi-cell self-similar structure includes a gradient multi-cell self-similar unit. The other structures of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the second multi-cell self-similar structure are the same as those of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the first multi-cell self-similar structure. The difference is that the polygon of the gradient multi-cell self-similar unit of the second multi-cell self-similar structure is hexagonal.

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