Soil conditioner for improving land fertility of cultivated land

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a soil conditioner for improving cultivated land fertility. The soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 to 35 parts of peat, 20 to 30 parts of lignin, 15 to 25 parts of lignite, 5 to 15 parts of compound additive and 10 to 20 parts of filler. On the basis of Russian peat resource development experience and in combination with domestic soil improvement requirements, a composite formula which takes peat, lignin and lignite as core raw materials and is supplemented with humic acid synergistic master batches and mineral polyphenols is innovatively provided. By optimizing the component proportion and the preparation process, the modifier can significantly increase the content of organic matters in soil, reduce the salinization risk and promote the root development and lodging resistance of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a soil conditioner for improving the fertility of cultivated land. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, long-term and large-scale application of chemical fertilizers (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers) has become the main means to increase crop yields. However, this extensive fertilization mode has led to increasingly prominent problems such as the deterioration of soil structure, the decline in organic matter content, and the aggravation of salinization. According to statistics, more than 40% of the cultivated land in China has varying degrees of salinization, which seriously restricts the sustainable utilization of soil and the high and stable yields of crops. Although traditional organic fertilizers (such as pig manure and cow manure) can partially improve soil fertility, their improvement effects are limited, and there are also problems such as slow nutrient release and heavy metal pollution risks.

[0003] In recent years, soil conditioners containing natural materials such as humic acid and peat have gradually attracted attention. For example, Russia has accumulated rich experience in the efficient utilization of peat and lignin resources. Its research shows that peat is rich in humic acid and can significantly improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil; lignin, as a natural polymer, can improve the soil aggregate structure and chelate heavy metals. Domestic scientific research institutions (such as Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences) have also carried out relevant research, but existing products still have problems such as single composition, limited functions, and high costs. For example, commercially available conditioners mainly consist of single peat or humic acid, lacking a multi-component synergistic effect mechanism and being difficult to simultaneously achieve soil structure improvement, efficient nutrient utilization, and crop stress resistance enhancement.

[0004] In addition, in the fields of saline-alkali land improvement and rice seedling raising, the existing technologies generally have the defects of complex operation and unstable effects. For example, conventional seedling-raising nutrient soil is prone to causing damping-off disease at the seedling stage and has poor root coiling effect; saline-alkali land conditioners mostly rely on chemical acid adjustment, and long-term use is likely to cause secondary pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the experience of peat resource development in Russia and combined with the domestic soil improvement needs, the present invention innovatively proposes a composite formula with peat, lignin, and lignite as the core raw materials, supplemented by a humic acid synergistic masterbatch and mineral polyphenols. By optimizing the component ratios and preparation processes, this conditioner can significantly increase the organic matter content of soil, reduce the risk of salinization, and promote crop root development and lodging resistance.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A soil conditioner for improving the fertility of cultivated land, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 - 35 parts of peat, 20 - 30 parts of lignin, 15 - 25 parts of lignite, 5 - 15 parts of a composite auxiliary agent, and 10 - 20 parts of a filler.

[0007] The composite auxiliary agent includes a humic acid synergistic masterbatch, mineral polyphenols, and Russian peat extract. The organic matter content of the humic acid synergistic masterbatch is ≥30%, and N+P2O5+K2O≥4%;

[0008] The filler is an inert carrier without fertilizer effect.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the peat is Russian mineral source peat, crushed to 200-400 mesh; the lignin is natural mineral source lignin, crushed to 200-400 mesh.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the humic acid synergistic masterbatch, mineral polyphenols, and Russian peat extract in the composite auxiliary agent is (3-5):(1-2):(1-1.5).

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the filler is one or more of diatomite, bentonite, and kaolin.

[0012] A preparation method of the above soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Crush peat, lignin, and lignite to 200-400 mesh respectively;

[0014] Step 2: Mix the crushed peat, lignin, and lignite with the composite auxiliary agent and the filler in proportion, and stir until uniform;

[0015] Step 3: Granulate the mixture to obtain a granular soil conditioner with a particle size of 2-5 mm.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the granulation adopts extrusion granulation and disk granulation processes, and the granulation temperature is 40-60°C.

[0017] An application of the above soil conditioner for one of the following uses:

[0018] Applied as a base fertilizer for rice, corn, and soybean planting, with an application rate of 250-500 kg / ha;

[0019] As a component of nursery nutrient soil, with an application rate of 10-15 kg / m 3 bed soil;

[0020] As a saline-alkali soil conditioner, with an application rate of 300-600 kg / ha.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, when used for rice planting, the ratio of the soil conditioner to the base fertilizer is: the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 15%-20%, and the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 10%-18% of the total mass of the base fertilizer.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, when used for nursery substrate, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the sieved bed soil is 1:(80 - 100), and an acid regulator is added to control the pH value of the nursery bed soil at 4.5 - 6.5.

[0023] Advantages of the present invention: Through the scientific ratio of peat, lignin, and lignite, combined with the synergistic effect of humic acid synergistic masterbatch and mineral polyphenols, the present invention significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Peat provides rich humic acid, enhancing the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil; lignin promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure and chelates heavy metal ions; lignite supplements slow-release organic matter, and the three work together to increase the soil organic matter content by 0.5% - 1.5%. The humic acid synergistic masterbatch (organic matter ≥ 30%) in the composite auxiliary agent can activate the activity of soil microorganisms, promote the root development of crops, and improve the nutrient absorption efficiency, while mineral polyphenols enhance the stress resistance of crops and reduce the harm of saline-alkali stress to crops. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0025] The present invention provides a soil conditioner for improving cultivated land fertility, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 - 35 parts of peat, 20 - 30 parts of lignin, 15 - 25 parts of lignite, 5 - 15 parts of composite auxiliary agent, and 10 - 20 parts of filler. The composite auxiliary agent includes humic acid synergistic masterbatch, mineral polyphenols and Russian peat extract, wherein the organic matter content of the humic acid synergistic masterbatch is ≥ 30%, and N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 4%; the filler is an inert carrier without fertilizer effect.

[0026] In the present invention, the peat is Russian mineral source peat, which is pulverized to 200 - 400 meshes; the lignin is natural mineral source lignin, which is pulverized to 200 - 400 meshes. The mass ratio of the humic acid synergistic masterbatch, mineral polyphenols and Russian peat extract in the composite auxiliary agent is (3 - 5):(1 - 2):(1 - 1.5). The filler is one or more of diatomite, bentonite, and kaolin.

[0027] A preparation method of the above soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Pulverize peat, lignin, and lignite to 200 - 400 meshes respectively;

[0029] Step 2: Mix the pulverized peat, lignin, lignite with the composite auxiliary agent and filler in proportion, and stir until uniform;

[0030] Step 3: Granulate the mixture to obtain granular soil conditioner with a particle size of 2 - 5 mm.

[0031] In the present invention, the granulation adopts extrusion granulation and disk granulation processes, and the granulation temperature is 40 - 60°C.

[0032] An application of the above soil conditioner is used for one of the following purposes: applied as base fertilizer for rice, corn, and soybean planting at a application rate of 250 - 500 kg / ha; used as a component of nursery nutrition soil at a application rate of 10 - 15 kg / m 3 bed soil; used as a saline - alkali soil conditioner at a application rate of 300 - 600 kg / ha.

[0033] When the present invention is used for rice planting, the ratio of the soil conditioner to the base fertilizer is: the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 15% - 20%, and the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 10% - 18% of the total mass of the base fertilizer.

[0034] When the present invention is used for nursery nutrition soil, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the sieved bed soil is 1:(80 - 100), and an acid - regulating agent is added to control the pH value of the nursery bed soil at 4.5 - 6.5.

[0035] Example 1 (Preparation of soil conditioner):

[0036] Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass parts: 30 parts of peat (Russian mineral source, crushed to 300 mesh), 25 parts of lignin (natural mineral source, crushed to 300 mesh), 20 parts of lignite (crushed to 300 mesh), 10 parts of compound auxiliary agent (where humic acid synergistic masterbatch: mineral polyphenol: Russian peat extract = 4:1.5:1.2), and 15 parts of filler (diatomite and bentonite are mixed in a ratio of 1:1).

[0037] Preparation steps: (1) Crush peat, lignin, and lignite to 300 mesh respectively; (2) Put the crushed peat, lignin, lignite, compound auxiliary agent, and filler into a mixer according to the ratio and stir for 30 minutes until uniform; (3) Use the extrusion granulation process (temperature 50°C) to granulate the mixture, control the particle size at 3 - 4 mm, and obtain granular soil conditioner.

[0038] Example 2 (Application as rice base fertilizer):

[0039] Test plan:

[0040] Treatment group: Base fertilizer (100 kg / ha of diammonium phosphate + 80 kg / ha of urea + 100 kg / ha of potassium chloride) + green - turning fertilizer (100 kg / ha of ammonium sulfate + 40 kg / ha of Gen Nie Duo) + panicle fertilizer (40 kg / ha of urea);

[0041] Control group: Conventional fertilization (basal fertilizer + topdressing at greening stage + panicle fertilizer, without adding Genie Duo).

[0042] Effect data:

[0043] Index Treatment group Control group Enhancement effect Yield (t / ha) 8.4 7.8 7.7% yield increase Lodging rate (%) ＜5％ 30％ 83% reduction Seed setting rate (%) 71.7 56.9 14.8 percentage points increase 1000-grain weight (g) 24.8 24.4 1.6% increase

[0044] Conclusion: After adding this modifier, the rice yield increased significantly, the lodging rate decreased significantly, and the grain filling was more sufficient. Example 3 (application as nursery substrate):

[0045] Test plan:

[0046] Treatment group: Nursery substrate (12.5 kg of peat nursery substrate + acid package + 1.25 m of sieved bed soil 3 );

[0047] Control group: Conventional nursery soil (without adding peat nursery substrate).

[0048] Effect data:

[0049] Index Treatment group Control group Enhancement effect Incidence of damping-off (%) 5％ 25％ 80% reduction Rooting effect score (1 - 5 points) 4.5 3.2 40% increase Number of white roots per seedling (roots / plant) 18 10 80% increase Seedling plant height (cm, 30 days) 15.2 12.8 18.7% increase

[0050] Conclusion: This modifier significantly inhibits seedling diseases, promotes the root development of seedlings, makes the root systems compact, and lays a foundation for high yield.

[0051] Example 4 (application as saline-alkali soil modifier):

[0052] Application plan:

[0053] Treatment group: Apply 500 kg / ha of this modifier;

[0054] Control group: Without applying the modifier.

[0055] Effect data:

[0056] Index Treatment group Control group Enhancement effect Soil organic matter content (%) 1.8 1.0 0.8 percentage points increase Soil salt content (g / kg) 1.2 1.6 25% reduction Rice emergence rate (%) 92％ 75％ 22.7% increase Proportion of green grains at maturity (%) 8％ 20％ 60% reduction

[0057] Conclusion: This modifier effectively reduces saline-alkali stress, improves soil structure, and promotes the normal growth of crops.

[0058] It can be seen from Examples 2-4 above that the soil modifier prepared in the above examples can significantly increase the soil organic matter content, reduce the soil salinity, and improve the crop yield and stress resistance. In specific applications, this modifier shows good basal fertilizer effects, can significantly increase the rice yield, reduce the lodging rate, and increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight; as a component of nursery substrate, it can significantly reduce the incidence of damping-off, improve the root-binding effect and the number of white roots of seedlings, and lay a solid foundation for high yield; as a saline-alkali soil modifier, it can effectively reduce the soil salinity content, increase the soil organic matter content, promote the normal growth of rice, and reduce the proportion of green grains.

[0059] In summary, a soil conditioner for improving cultivated land fertility prepared by the present invention is applicable to the black soil area in Northeast China, saline-alkali land in North China, and the main rice-producing areas in the south of China, and can specifically solve prominent problems such as soil degradation, salinization, and seedling diseases. Field test data show that it exhibits stable yield-increasing effects (5%-10%) in crops such as rice, corn, and soybeans, and has no negative impact on the soil ecosystem. In the future, it can be further extended to fields such as protected agriculture and ecological restoration to provide technical support for improving cultivated land quality and sustainable agricultural development.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for improving cultivated land fertility, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: peat accounts for 25 - 35 parts, lignin accounts for 20 - 30 parts, lignite accounts for 15 - 25 parts, compound auxiliary agent accounts for 5 - 15 parts, and filler accounts for 10 - 20 parts. The compound auxiliary agent includes humic acid synergistic masterbatch, mineral polyphenol and Russian peat extract. Among them, the organic matter content of the humic acid synergistic masterbatch is ≥30%, and N + P2O5 + K2O ≥4%. The filler is an inert carrier without fertilizer effect.

2. The soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility of cultivated land according to claim 1, wherein The peat is Russian mineral source peat, crushed to 200 - 400 meshes; the lignin is natural mineral source lignin, crushed to 200 - 400 meshes.

3. The soil conditioner for improving cultivated land fertility according to claim 1, wherein, In the compound auxiliary agent, the mass ratio of humic acid synergistic masterbatch, mineral polyphenol and Russian peat extract is (3 - 5):(1 - 2):(1 - 1.5).

4. A soil conditioner for improving cultivated land fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler is one or more of diatomite, bentonite and kaolin.

5. A preparation method of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Crush peat, lignin and lignite to 200 - 400 meshes respectively. Step 2: Mix the crushed peat, lignin, lignite with the compound auxiliary agent and filler in proportion, and stir until uniform. Step 3: Granulate the mixture to obtain a granular soil conditioner with a particle size of 2 - 5 mm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein The granulation adopts extrusion granulation and disk granulation processes, and the granulation temperature is 40 - 60°C.

7. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that For one of the following uses: As a base fertilizer applied to rice, corn and soybean planting, the application rate is 250 - 500 kg / ha. As a component of nursery substrate, the application rate is 10 - 15 kg / m 3 Seedling bed soil; As a saline - alkali soil conditioner, the application rate is 300 - 600 kg / ha.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, When used for rice planting, the ratio of the soil conditioner to the base fertilizer is: the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15% - 20%, and the addition amount of the soil conditioner is 10% - 18% of the total mass of the base fertilizer.

9. The application according to claim 7, wherein When used for nursery nutrient soil, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the sieved bed soil is 1:(80 - 100), and an acid regulator is added to control the pH value of the nursery bed soil at 4.5 - 6.5.