A laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of laser cladding technology and discloses a laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module. The head includes a cladding head module, a magnetic field module, and a cooling module. The magnetic field module includes a coil support and a magnetic field coil. The coil support is sleeved on the lower outer side of the cladding head module, and a powder feeding cavity is formed between the inner wall of the coil support and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module. The magnetic field coil is sleeved on the outside of the coil support. The cooling module includes a water-cooled baffle, which is sleeved on the outside of the magnetic field coil and connected to the coil support. A cooling cavity is formed between the water-cooled baffle and the magnetic field coil. The water-cooled baffle has a water-cooling connector connected to the cooling cavity. The cladding head integrates an electric field module, a pulsed magnetic field module, and a cooling module. It adopts a modular structure for easy assembly and disassembly. The cooling module can simultaneously cool the coil and the bottom surface of the baffle, preventing high-temperature molten slag from splashing onto the bottom of the baffle and accumulating heat, as well as preventing overheating caused by thermal radiation from the molten pool during laser cladding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding technology, specifically to a laser cladding head that integrates a magnetic field module and a cooling module. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology has a wide range of applications in equipment manufacturing, petrochemicals and other fields, but problems such as cracks, pores and inclusions in the cladding layer, uneven distribution of solute elements and surface undulations seriously restrict its application.

[0003] Applying electromagnetic fields during metal solidification has rapidly developed as an effective method to control the solidification structure and properties of materials. External magnetic fields acting on alloy melts offer numerous advantages, including grain refinement, reduction of solute element segregation, and improvement of alloy mechanical properties. Among these, pulsed magnetic fields, as a relatively new electromagnetic method, have attracted widespread attention due to their stirring effect leading to magnetic supercooling of the melt and a reduction in the melt temperature gradient, thus promoting grain refinement.

[0004] The invention, published on March 24, 2020, with publication number CN110904449A and titled "A Rotating Magnetic Field Assisted Laser Cladding Head," uses a permanent magnet as the magnetic source and achieves multi-angle rotating magnetic field / static magnetic field laser cladding through a rotating magnetic field cladding device. This effectively controls the fluid flow, internal particle distribution, and cladding defects in the cladding pool.

[0005] The invention, published on July 29, 2019, with publication number CN110293324A and titled "An Electromagnetic Field Assisted Laser Cutting Method," fixes an electromagnetic coil to the laser cutting head, thus solving the problem of molten metal "backflow" at the corners of thick plates during laser cutting.

[0006] The invention, published on July 14, 2023, with publication number CN116426916A, is entitled "A Synchronous Electromagnetic Field Auxiliary Device, System and Method for Laser Cladding". This device uses an electromagnetic coil and a permanent magnet together in the laser cladding process to achieve synchronous movement of the auxiliary physical field and the laser.

[0007] The electromagnetic field-assisted laser manufacturing equipment disclosed in the above patents does not take into account the application of pulsed magnetic fields or the impact of thermal radiation during laser processing on the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cladding head that integrates a magnetic field module and a cooling module to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module, comprising a cladding head module, a magnetic field module, and a cooling module;

[0011] The magnetic field module includes a coil support and a magnetic field coil. The coil support is a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the lower end of the cladding head module. A powder feeding cavity is formed between the inner wall of the coil support and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module. Alternatively, a powder feeding cavity corresponding to the coil support is set at the lower end of the cladding head module, and a powder outlet is formed at the lower end of the powder feeding cavity. The magnetic field coil is a waterproof magnetic field coil and is sleeved on the outside of the coil support.

[0012] The cooling module includes an annular water-cooled baffle, which is sleeved outside the magnetic field coil and connected to the coil support. A cooling cavity is formed between the water-cooled baffle and the magnetic field coil. The water-cooled baffle has a water-cooled connector that is connected to the cooling cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, a powder feeding cavity is formed between the inner wall of the coil support and the lower outer wall of the cladding head module. A powder feeding passage communicating with the powder feeding cavity is provided on the coil support. Both the powder feeding cavity and the powder outlet are annular structures.

[0014] Furthermore, the coil support includes a horizontal portion of the coil support and a vertical portion of the coil support connected to the lower end of the horizontal portion of the coil support, with a stepped structure formed between the two. The magnetic field coil is disposed on the stepped structure, the powder feeding cavity is disposed between the inner wall of the vertical portion of the coil support and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module, and the powder feeding passage is disposed on the horizontal portion of the coil support.

[0015] Furthermore, the cladding head module includes a base, a connector, and a conical cylinder connected sequentially from top to bottom, with the coil support sleeved outside the conical cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an electric field module, which includes an annular commutation bracket and two electric field components. The commutation bracket is rotatably connected to one or more of the cladding head module, magnetic field module, and cooling module, and the two electric field components are disposed on both sides of the commutation bracket.

[0017] Furthermore, the commutation bracket is rotatably connected to the outside of the water-cooled baffle, and both sides of the commutation bracket are connected to the electric field assembly via connecting rods.

[0018] Furthermore, the electric field component can adjust its position on the connecting rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the electric field assembly includes an insulating support connected to the commutation support, a carbon brush holder disposed on the insulating support, and a carbon brush disposed at the lower end of the carbon brush holder.

[0020] Furthermore, the carbon brush holder is slidably connected to the insulating support, and the electric field assembly also includes a first elastic element, which presses or pulls the carbon brush holder downwards.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon brush and the carbon brush holder slide up and down, and the electric field assembly also includes a second elastic element, which presses or pulls the carbon brush down.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1) The cladding head integrates an electric field module, a pulsed magnetic field module, and a cooling module. It adopts a modular structure, making it easy to assemble and disassemble.

[0024] 2) The electric field module allows for arbitrary adjustment of the electric field direction and intensity on the horizontal plane, providing more selectivity for the Lorentz force direction.

[0025] 3) The pulsed magnetic field module provides a pulsed magnetic field to stir the molten pool and promote grain refinement.

[0026] 4) The cooling module can cool the coil and the bottom of the baffle at the same time. While cooling the coil, it can prevent the high-temperature molten slag from splashing onto the bottom of the baffle and accumulating heat, as well as the heat radiation from the molten pool from causing overheating. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of Example 1.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of Example 1.

[0029] Figure 3 This is an isometric structural schematic diagram of Example 1.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Example 1.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of magnetic field generation in pulsed magnetic field-assisted laser cladding in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 6 This is an isometric structural schematic diagram of Example 2.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of Example 2.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of Example 2.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Example 2.

[0036] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the electric field component structure in Example 2.

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the Lorentz force generated by pulsed magnetic field-assisted laser cladding in Example 2. In the diagram, F represents the Lorentz force and I represents the current.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a grain size diagram of the cladding layer cross section in Example 2 without electromagnetic field assistance.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a grain size diagram of the cladding layer cross-section under electromagnetic field assistance in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0041] Please see Figures 1-5 A laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module, comprising a cladding head module, a magnetic field module, and a cooling module.

[0042] Continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 4 The cladding head module includes a base 1, a connector 4, and a conical cylinder 5 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The base 1 is fitted and fixed to the laser lens barrel by its upper cylindrical structure. A protective gas connector 2 is threaded onto the base 1, through which a protective gas is supplied. The protective gas can be argon, nitrogen, air, etc., with a pressure range of 0.1 MPa to 2 MPa. The connector 4 is mounted on the base 1 by fixing bolts 3, and its bottom cylindrical structure has external threads tapped on the outer side. The internal threads on the inner side of the conical cylinder 5 and the external threads on the outer side of the connector 4 engage to achieve a threaded connection.

[0043] Continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 4The magnetic field module includes a coil support 6 and a magnetic field coil 10. The coil support 6 is a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the conical cylinder 5. An annular powder feeding cavity 21 is formed between the inner wall of the coil support 6 and the outer wall of the conical cylinder 5. An annular powder outlet 22 is formed at the lower end of the powder feeding cavity 21. The coil support 6 is provided with a powder feeding passage 600 communicating with the powder feeding cavity 21. The outer wall of the coil support 6 is provided with a powder feeding connector 7 communicating with the powder feeding passage 600. There are four powder feeding connectors 7, which are arranged in a ring and are spaced at 90° intervals. The magnetic field coil 10 is a waterproof magnetic field coil. The magnetic field coil 10 is made of copper wire wound on the coil support 6. The inner diameter of the coil is 40mm, the outer diameter is 100mm, and the height is 22mm. It can generate a magnetic field of up to 700Gs and is coated with waterproof paint. The total number of turns of the coil is about 400. When a pulse current of 0 to 10A is passed through, the frequency is 0 to 100Hz, and the duty cycle is 20% to 50%, it can generate a low-frequency pulse magnetic field with an intensity of 0 to 0.7T in the axial direction of the magnetic field coil.

[0044] Further reading Figure 2 The coil support 6 includes a horizontal portion 601 and a vertical portion 602 connected to the lower end of the horizontal portion 601. A stepped structure is formed between the two portions. The magnetic field coil 10 is mounted on the stepped structure. The powder feeding cavity 21 is located between the inner wall of the vertical portion 602 and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module. The powder feeding passage 600 is located on the horizontal portion 601. The internal thread on the inner side of the coil support 6 engages with the external thread on the outer side of the tapered cylinder 5 to achieve a threaded connection.

[0045] Continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 4 The cooling module includes an annular water-cooled baffle 9, which is sleeved around the magnetic field coil 10 and connected to the coil support 6. A cooling cavity 23 is formed between the water-cooled baffle 9 and the magnetic field coil 10. A water-cooled connector 8, which communicates with the cooling cavity 23, is threaded onto the water-cooled baffle 9. The water-cooled connectors 8 are arranged in a ring with a 90° interval, for a total of four. Adjacent water-cooled connectors 8 are at different heights, with the water-inlet connector 8 positioned higher and the water-outlet connector 8 positioned lower. The water-cooled baffle 9 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and the threaded connection is achieved through the interaction of the internal thread on its upper inner side and the external thread of the coil support 6.

[0046] Cooling water enters from the higher-positioned water-cooling connector 8, flows over the outer surface of the magnetic field coil 10, and exits from the lower-positioned water-cooling connector 8. The water-cooling baffle 9 is made of a high thermal conductivity material. The circulating water cooling method can quickly remove a large amount of heat and prevent heat accumulation. The sealing gasket 11 is made of rubber and has good elasticity, which can fit tightly against the lower surface of the coil bracket 6 and the upper surface of the water-cooling baffle 9 to ensure a seal.

[0047] Furthermore, a sealing washer 11 is installed in the bottom groove of the vertical part 602 of the coil bracket. The set screw 12 fixes the vertical part 602 of the coil bracket to the water-cooling baffle 9, and clamps the sealing washer 11 between the vertical part 602 of the coil bracket and the water-cooling baffle 9.

[0048] This embodiment uses a pulse power supply with a frequency of 0-100Hz, a duty cycle of 20% to 50%, and a current of 0-10A.

[0049] In this embodiment, the conical cylinder 5 and the coil support 6 are made of diamagnetic materials, and will not be magnetized or generate magnetic interference during the operation of the magnetic field coil 10. (See also...) Figure 5 The pulsed magnetic field module generates a pulsed magnetic field, which acts on the molten pool in the processing area. According to the solenoid field strength formula, the pulsed magnetic field module can generate a pulsed magnetic field of up to 700 Gs in the axial direction. The solenoid field strength formula is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Where B0 is the magnetic field strength along the axis of the solenoid, and μ0 is the free permeability, taken as 4π*10⁻⁶. -7 H / m, N is the number of turns of the solenoid coil, I is the current intensity through the solenoid wire, taken as I=10A, r e r i Let be the outer radius and the inner radius, respectively, and b be the distance to the center of the solenoid cross-section.

[0052] Example 1 of using the laser cladding head of this embodiment for light emission:

[0053] Reference Figure 1 First, the surface of the 316L stainless steel to be clad is polished, cleaned with acetone, and then dried in a drying oven at 100℃ for 30 minutes. IN718 alloy powder with a particle size of 132µm is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 150℃ for 2 hours. After cooling, it is added to the powder feeder. The water chiller and pulse power supply (frequency 100Hz, duty cycle 50%, pulse current 10A) are turned on, and a 10A pulse current is passed through the magnetic field coil to control the robotic arm and adjust the laser focus. At this point, the magnetic induction intensity in the cladding area is approximately 0.7T. The laser generator (power 1200W, spot diameter 4mm), gas protection device (argon flow rate 5L / h), and powder feeder (powder feeding rate 8g / min) are turned on. Cladding is performed at a scanning speed of 8mm / s according to the preset cladding trajectory. After cladding, the laser, water chiller, powder feeder, and pulse power supply are turned off, and cladding is complete.

[0054] Example 2 of using the laser cladding head of this embodiment for light emission:

[0055] refer to Figure 1The apparatus in this example is the same as in Example 1. First, the surface of the low-carbon alloy steel to be clad is polished, cleaned with acetone, and then dried in a drying oven at 100°C for 30 minutes. 316L powder with a particle size of 98 μm is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 150°C for 2 hours. After cooling, it is added to the powder feeder. The water chiller and pulse power supply (frequency 10 Hz, duty cycle 30%) are turned on, and 3A DC current is applied to the magnetic field coil to control the robotic arm and adjust the laser focus. At this point, the magnetic induction intensity in the cladding area is approximately 200 mT. The laser generator (power 800 W, spot diameter 4 mm), gas protection device (argon flow rate 5 L / h), and powder feeder (powder feeding rate 8 g / min) are turned on. Cladding is performed at a scanning speed of 6 mm / s according to the preset cladding trajectory. After cladding is completed, the laser, water chiller, powder feeder, and pulse power supply are turned off, and cladding is complete.

[0056] This embodiment controls the magnetic field by adjusting the current. Changing the frequency of the pulse power supply can apply different low-frequency pulse magnetic fields during the cladding process. The cooling module can cool the coil and the bottom of the baffle at the same time. While cooling the coil, it avoids the accumulation of heat by high-temperature molten slag splashing to the bottom of the baffle and the overheating caused by the thermal radiation of the molten pool during the laser cladding process. Example

[0057] Please see Figures 6-13 This embodiment adds an electric field module based on embodiment 1. The electric field module includes an annular commutation bracket 13 and two electric field components. The commutation bracket 13 is rotatably connected to the cooling module, and the two electric field components are disposed on both sides of the commutation bracket 13.

[0058] Continue reading Figure 8 The commutator bracket 13 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the water-cooled baffle 9. Both sides of the commutator bracket 13 are connected to the electric field assembly via connecting rods 1300. A set screw 14 is also screwed onto the commutator bracket 13, connecting it to the water-cooled baffle 9, thereby locking the position of the commutator bracket 13 after rotation. Rotating the commutator bracket 13 allows for arbitrary changes in the electric field direction on the horizontal plane.

[0059] The electric field component can adjust its position on the connecting rod 1300.

[0060] Continue reading Figures 6-10 The electric field assembly includes an insulating support 15, a carbon brush holder 17 mounted on the insulating support 15, and a carbon brush 19 mounted at the lower end of the carbon brush holder 17. A connecting rod 1300 passes through the insulating support 15 and is locked to the insulating support 15 by a nut. The bottom of the carbon brush 19 has a hemispherical structure, which can achieve adaptive contact between the carbon brush 19 and the processing surface.

[0061] Continue reading Figure 10The carbon brush holder 17 has a square rod-shaped structure at its upper part, which slides vertically on the insulating support 15. The top of the carbon brush holder 17 has a clamping position for connection to the electric field power supply, and the lower end of the carbon brush holder 17 has a boss structure. The electric field assembly also includes a first elastic element 18, preferably a spring, which is sleeved on the rod of the carbon brush holder 17. Its upper end abuts against the insulating support 15, and its lower end abuts against the boss structure of the carbon brush holder 17. The first elastic element 18 presses the carbon brush holder 17 downwards. The bottom of the boss of the carbon brush holder 17 has a through hole for slidingly inserting with the carbon brush 19. A second elastic element 20, preferably a spring, is provided in the through hole, which presses the carbon brush 19 downwards. A limiting structure can be provided at the bottom of the through hole to prevent the carbon brush 19 from falling off. This is well-known technology in the art and will not be described in detail.

[0062] In this embodiment, the electric field power supply is a DC power supply with a voltage of 0-10V and a current of 0-800A. The magnetic field power supply is a pulsed power supply with a frequency of 0-100Hz, a duty cycle of 20%–50%, and a current of 0-10A. (See reference...) Figure 11 In this embodiment, the pulse module generates a pulsed magnetic field, which, together with the electric field applied by the electric field module, produces a Lorentz force that acts on the molten pool in the processing area, assisting in laser cladding.

[0063] The usage method of this embodiment is as follows:

[0064] Step 1: Install all components into place and mount the device onto the laser lens barrel.

[0065] Step 2: Position the part to be processed in the laser processing area, set the position of the robotic arm, adjust the reversing bracket to determine the appropriate electric field direction, and ensure that: the working area of ​​the laser output tube is directly above the part to be processed, and that the spring between the carbon brush holder and the insulating bracket is compressed to ensure that the carbon brush assembly and the workpiece to be processed make adaptive contact.

[0066] Step 3: Turn on the electric field power supply, start the electric field module, and adjust the electric field strength.

[0067] Step 4: Turn on the magnetic field power supply, start the magnetic field coil, and adjust the magnetic field strength and frequency to the preset value.

[0068] Step 5: Turn on the water cooling and start feeding powder.

[0069] Step 6: Select appropriate process parameters, start the laser and perform cladding according to the predetermined program, and energize and magnetize until the processing is completed.

[0070] Step 7: Turn off the laser, water chiller, powder feeder, magnetic field power supply, and electric field power supply. The cladding is now complete.

[0071] Example 1 of using the laser cladding head of this embodiment for light emission:

[0072] Reference Figure 6 First, the surface of the 316L stainless steel to be clad is polished, cleaned with acetone, and then dried in a drying oven at 100℃ for 30 minutes. IN718 alloy powder with a particle size of 132µm is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 150℃ for 2 hours. After cooling, it is added to the powder feeder. The water chiller, electric field power supply (voltage 10V, current 800A), and the electric field direction are adjusted to be perpendicular to the processing direction are turned on. The magnetic field power supply (frequency 100Hz, duty cycle 50%) is also turned on. A 10A pulse current is passed through the magnetic field coil to control the robotic arm and adjust the laser focus. At this point, the magnetic induction intensity within the cladding area of ​​the laser cladding head is approximately 0.7T. The laser generator (power 1200W, spot diameter 4mm), gas protection device (argon flow rate 5L / h), and powder feeder (powder feeding rate 8g / min) are turned on. Cladding is performed at a scanning speed of 8mm / s according to the preset cladding trajectory. After cladding is completed, turn off the laser, water cooler, powder feeder, electric field power supply, and magnetic field power supply. The cladding process is now complete. (Refer to...) Figure 12 , Figure 13 By comparing the grain size diagrams of the cladding layer cross-section in Example 2 with and without electromagnetic field assistance, it can be found that the grains are significantly refined, thereby verifying the feasibility of the present invention.

[0073] Example 2 of using the laser cladding head of this embodiment for light emission:

[0074] refer to Figure 6 The apparatus in this example is the same as in Example 1. First, the surface of the low-carbon alloy steel to be clad is polished, cleaned with acetone, and then dried in a drying oven at 100°C for 30 minutes. 316L powder with a particle size of 98 μm is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 150°C for 2 hours. After cooling, it is added to the powder feeder. The water chiller, electric field power supply (voltage 10V, current 800A), and the electric field direction are adjusted to be perpendicular to the processing direction are turned on. The magnetic field power supply (frequency 10Hz, duty cycle 30%) is also turned on. A 3A DC current is passed through the magnetic field coil to control the robotic arm and adjust the laser focal length. At this point, the magnetic induction intensity within the cladding area of ​​the laser cladding head is approximately 200 mT. The laser generator (power 800W, spot diameter 4mm), gas protection device (argon flow rate 5L / h), and powder feeder (powder feeding rate 8g / min) are turned on, and cladding is performed according to the preset cladding trajectory at a scanning speed of 6mm / s. After the cladding is completed, turn off the laser, water chiller, powder feeder, electric field power supply, and magnetic field power supply. The cladding is then complete.

[0075] This embodiment controls the magnetic field strength by adjusting the current. Changing the frequency of the magnetic field power supply can apply different low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields during the cladding process. The cooling module can cool the coil and the bottom of the baffle at the same time. While cooling the coil, it avoids the accumulation of heat by high-temperature molten slag splashing to the bottom of the baffle and the overheating caused by the thermal radiation of the molten pool during the laser cladding process.

[0076] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module, characterized in that, It includes a cladding head module, a magnetic field module, a cooling module, and an electric field module; The magnetic field module includes a coil support (6) and a magnetic field coil (10). The coil support (6) is a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the lower end of the cladding head module. A powder feeding cavity (21) is formed between the inner wall of the coil support (6) and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module. Alternatively, a powder feeding cavity (21) is set at the lower end of the cladding head module, with the position corresponding to the coil support (6). A powder outlet (22) is formed at the lower end of the powder feeding cavity (21). The magnetic field coil (10) is a waterproof magnetic field coil and is sleeved on the outside of the coil support (6). The cooling module includes an annular water-cooled baffle (9), which is sleeved on the outside of the magnetic field coil (10) and connected to the coil support (6). A cooling cavity (23) is formed between the water-cooled baffle (9) and the magnetic field coil (10). The water-cooled baffle (9) has a water-cooled connector (8) connected to the cooling cavity (23). The electric field module includes a ring-shaped commutator (13) and two electric field components. The commutator (13) is rotatably connected to one or more of the cladding head module, magnetic field module, and cooling module. The two electric field components are disposed on both sides of the commutator (13). The commutator (13) is rotatably connected to the outside of the water-cooled baffle (9). Both sides of the commutator (13) are connected to the electric field components via connecting rods (1300). The electric field components can adjust their position on the connecting rods (1300). The electric field components include insulation connected to the commutator (13). The electric field assembly includes a support (15), a carbon brush holder (17) mounted on the insulating support (15), and a carbon brush (19) mounted at the lower end of the carbon brush holder (17). The carbon brush holder (17) is slidably connected to the insulating support (15). The electric field assembly also includes a first elastic element (18), which presses or pulls the carbon brush holder (17) down. The carbon brush (19) slides up and down with the carbon brush holder (17). The electric field assembly also includes a second elastic element (20), which presses or pulls the carbon brush (19) down.

2. The laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module according to claim 1, characterized in that, A powder feeding cavity (21) is formed between the inner wall of the coil support (6) and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module. A powder feeding passage (600) communicating with the powder feeding cavity (21) is provided on the coil support (6). Both the powder feeding cavity (21) and the powder outlet (22) are annular structures.

3. The laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coil support (6) includes a horizontal part (601) of the coil support and a vertical part (602) of the coil support connected to the lower end of the horizontal part (601). A stepped structure is formed between the two. The magnetic field coil (10) is disposed on the stepped structure. The powder feeding cavity (21) is disposed between the inner wall of the vertical part (602) of the coil support and the outer wall of the lower end of the cladding head module. The powder feeding passage (600) is disposed on the horizontal part (601) of the coil support.

4. The laser cladding head integrating a magnetic field module and a cooling module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cladding head module includes a base (1), a connector (4) and a conical cylinder (5) connected sequentially from top to bottom, and the coil support (6) is sleeved on the outside of the conical cylinder (5).

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