Laser cladding and melting device and method for forming high-entropy alloy layer on cylindrical surface of sleeve type workpiece

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser cladding and melting device and method for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve type workpiece, and relates to the technical field of forming the high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve type workpiece. The device comprises a workbench, and a driving and grooving assembly which is arranged on the workbench and used for driving the sleeve type workpiece to rotate and forming a plurality of annular grooves in the cylindrical surface of the sleeve type workpiece; a support is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the connecting plate, the upper end of the support extends to the position over the threaded rod, a hollow column table is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the extending end, a gear ring is rotationally installed outside the hollow column table, and a power mechanism used for driving the gear ring to rotate is connected to the gear ring. The method has the beneficial effects that the efficiency of forming the high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve type workpiece is greatly improved, and the forming quality of the high-entropy alloy layer is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece, and particularly to a laser cladding device and method for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece. Background Art

[0002] A high-entropy alloy is an alloy formed by five or more kinds of metal powders in equal or approximately equal amounts. High-entropy alloys have the following characteristics: 1. Good high-temperature resistance: It can maintain good stability and mechanical properties in a high-temperature environment and can withstand extreme temperature conditions. 2. Excellent corrosion resistance: It can resist the corrosion of chemical substances well in various corrosive media, and thus can protect the substrate well. 3. High anti-deformation strength and wear resistance.

[0003] The structure of a sleeve workpiece 1 produced in a certain workshop is as Figures 1 - 2 shown. Its overall shape is cylindrical. A central hole 2 is provided in the sleeve workpiece 1 along its axial direction. This sleeve workpiece 1 is sleeved on the transmission shaft of a mechanical transmission device to separate gears or bearings on the transmission shaft. Since this sleeve workpiece 1 also works in a corrosive environment, in order to prevent the sleeve workpiece 1 from being corroded, workers in the workshop will use a laser cladding device to form a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, and use the high-entropy alloy layer to protect the sleeve workpiece 1, thereby extending the service life of the sleeve workpiece 1.

[0004] Among them, the structure of the laser cladding device is as Figures 3 - 6 shown. It includes a fixed rod 3 fixed on a backing plate, a top plate 4 fixed on the top surface of the fixed rod 3. A positioning column 5 is fixed on the top surface of the top plate 4. The diameter of the positioning column 5 is equal to the diameter of the central hole 2 of the sleeve workpiece 1. Threaded holes 6 are evenly opened on the outer edge of the top plate 4 with the positioning column 5 as the center; the laser cladding device further includes three identical seatings 7. Among them, a through hole 8 is provided in one seating 7 along its axial direction, and a plurality of light holes 9 are provided in the seating 7 along the circumferential direction of its through hole 8. Each light hole 9 of the seating 7 corresponds to each threaded hole 6 on the top plate 4 respectively.

[0005] In the workshop, the method for workers to use this laser cladding device to form a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1 is as follows: S1. Workers take out a sleeve workpiece 1 as Figures 1 - 2 shown, and sleeved the central hole 2 of the sleeve workpiece 1 from top to bottom on the positioning column 5, as Figure 7 shown, and support the sleeve workpiece 1 on the top surface of the top plate 4; S2. The worker takes out a seat 7, sets the seat 7 on the outside of the sleeve workpiece 1 from top to bottom, and supports the seat 7 on the top surface of the top plate 4. The worker passes a bolt 10 through the light hole 9 of the seat 7 from top to bottom and threadedly connects it to the threaded hole 6 of the top plate 4 to fix the first seat 7 on the top plate 4. At this time, an annular cavity 11 is formed between the inner wall of the seat 7, the top surface of the top plate 4, and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, as Figure 8 shown; S3. The worker initially fills the high-entropy alloy into each area of the annular cavity 11, as Figure 9 shown. Then the worker uses a scraping blade to level the high-entropy alloy so that the high-entropy alloy is flush with the top surface of the seat 7, thus achieving the filling of the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity 11; S4. The worker vertically positions the laser welding head 12 of the laser welding machine towards the filled high-entropy alloy, as Figure 10 shown. Then the laser welding machine is started, and the laser beam emitted by the laser welding head 12 irradiates on the high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy begins to melt. Then the laser welding head 12 makes a circular motion around the positioning column 5, and the laser welding head 12 gradually melts the filled high-entropy alloy. When the laser welding head 12 rotates to the set number of turns, the worker turns off the laser welding machine and then moves the laser welding head 12 away. After cooling for a period of time, the lower section of the clad layer I13 covering the sleeve workpiece 1 is formed, as Figure 11 shown; S5. The worker takes out the second seat 7, sets the seat 7 on the outside of the sleeve workpiece 1 from top to bottom, and then supports the seat 7 on the top surface of the lower seat 7. Then the two seats 7 are fixed on the top plate 4 through the bolt 10. At this time, an annular cavity 11 is formed between the inner wall of the seat 7, the lower section of the clad layer I13, and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, as Figure 12 shown; S6. The worker repeats the operations of steps S3 - S4 once, and the middle section of the clad layer I14 covering the sleeve workpiece 1 can be formed on the basis of the lower section of the clad layer I13, as Figure 13 shown; S7. The worker takes out the third seat 7, sets the seat 7 on the outside of the sleeve workpiece 1 from top to bottom, and then supports the seat 7 on the top surface of the middle seat 7. Then the three seats 7 are fixed on the top plate 4 through the bolt 10. At this time, an annular cavity 11 is formed between the inner wall of the seat 7, the middle section of the clad layer I14, and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1; S8. The worker repeats the operations of steps S3 - S4 once, and the upper section of the clad layer I15 covering the sleeve workpiece 1 can be formed on the basis of the middle section of the clad layer I14, as Figure 14As shown, the formed lower cladding layer I13, middle cladding layer I14, and upper cladding layer I15 together constitute the high-entropy alloy layer I, thus finally realizing the formation of the high-entropy alloy layer I on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, as Figure 15 shown; the three pedestals 7 are removed, and then the worker takes away the sleeve workpiece 1 formed with the high-entropy alloy layer I; S9. The worker repeats the operations of steps S1 to S8 multiple times, and then the high-entropy alloy layer I can be continuously formed on the cylindrical surfaces of multiple sleeve workpieces 1.

[0006] However, although this laser cladding device can form a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, in actual operation, the worker still reflects the following technical defects: A. In step S2, the worker needs to use multiple bolts 10 to fix the pedestal 7 on the top plate 4 to form the annular cavity 11. Then, in step S3, the worker also needs to manually fill the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity 11 preliminarily. Then, in step S4, the worker also needs to manually adjust the position of the laser welding head 12 of the laser welding machine so that the laser welding head 12 vertically faces the high-entropy alloy, and finally, the lower cladding layer I13 can be formed on the sleeve workpiece 1. And the whole operation is completed manually by the worker, which takes a long time to form the lower cladding layer I13 on the sleeve workpiece 1. Similarly, it takes a long time to form the middle cladding layer I14 and the upper cladding layer I15 on the sleeve workpiece 1 in sequence, which undoubtedly reduces the efficiency of forming the high-entropy alloy layer I on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1.

[0007] B. Since the sleeve workpiece 1 is used on the transmission shaft of the mechanical transmission equipment and the mechanical transmission has vibrations, when the sleeve workpiece 1 is used for a long time, the high-entropy alloy layer I cladded on the sleeve workpiece 1 will still fall off from the sleeve workpiece 1, that is, there is a technical defect that the high-entropy alloy layer I is not firmly cladded on the sleeve workpiece 1, thus reducing the forming quality of the high-entropy alloy layer I.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a laser cladding device and method that can greatly improve the efficiency of forming the high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece and greatly improve the forming quality of the high-entropy alloy layer. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a laser cladding device and method for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece.

[0010] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece, which includes a workbench, a driving and grooving assembly arranged on the workbench for driving the sleeve workpiece to rotate and for opening a plurality of annular grooves on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece; The driving and grooving assembly includes a right base fixedly arranged on the workbench, a blanking oil cylinder fixedly arranged on the left end face of the right base, the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder extends downward and a platform is fixedly arranged on the extending end, a main motor is fixedly arranged on the platform, the output shaft of the main motor is connected with a main shaft that penetrates the platform upward, a disc is fixedly arranged at the top end of the main shaft, a threaded rod is fixedly arranged on the disc, and a grooving mechanism is arranged on the right base; An automatic annular cavity can be formed outside the disc, and a cladding assembly for automatically preliminarily filling high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity and melting the filled high-entropy alloy is arranged. The cladding assembly includes a left base fixedly arranged on the workbench and located on the left side of the main shaft, and a lifting cylinder sleeved outside the disc. A self-locking motor is fixedly arranged on the right end face of the left base, and a driving gear is installed on the output shaft of the self-locking motor. The top surface of the lifting cylinder is flush with the top surface of the disc. A strip-shaped rack arranged along its axial direction is fixedly arranged on the left outer wall of the lifting cylinder, and the strip-shaped rack meshes with the driving gear. The bottom of the strip-shaped rack is connected with a guiding column that slides downward through the workbench; A connecting plate located directly above the left base is also fixedly arranged on the left side of the lifting cylinder. A horizontal oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the connecting plate. A movable plate is fixedly arranged on the acting end of the piston rod of the horizontal oil cylinder. A discharge pipe is fixedly arranged inside the movable plate, and the discharge port of the discharge pipe is located directly above the outer edge of the disc; A bracket is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the connecting plate. The upper end of the bracket extends directly above the threaded rod, and a hollow column platform is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the extending end. A gear ring is rotatably installed outside the hollow column platform, and a power mechanism for driving its rotation is connected to the gear ring; An installation plate extending downward is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the gear ring. A laser welding head arranged vertically and located directly above the discharge pipe is fixedly arranged inside the extending end of the installation plate. The laser welding head is connected to a laser welding machine.

[0011] The threaded rod, the disc and the main shaft are coaxially arranged.

[0012] The gear ring, the hollow column platform and the threaded rod are coaxially arranged The left port of the discharge pipe is connected to the discharge port of a material pump through a hose, and the suction port of the material pump is communicated with a storage tank filled with high-entropy alloy.

[0013] The power mechanism includes a power motor fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bracket. The output shaft of the power motor penetrates the bracket downward and a power gear is connected to the extending end. The power gear meshes with the gear ring.

[0014] The grooving mechanism includes a feed oil cylinder fixed on the right end face of the right base. The piston rod of the feed oil cylinder penetrates the right base to the left, and a vertical tool holder is fixed on the extending end. Three grooving tools are fixed on the left end face of the vertical tool holder at intervals along its height direction, and the three grooving tools are opposite to the threaded rod left and right.

[0015] The distance between every two adjacent grooving tools is equal.

[0016] The laser cladding device further includes a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the main motor, the self-locking motor, the power motor, the laser welding machine, the material pump, the horizontal oil cylinder and the feed oil cylinder through signals.

[0017] A laser cladding method for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece, which includes the following steps: S1. Fixing of the sleeve workpiece, and its specific operation steps are as follows: S11. The worker takes out a sleeve workpiece, passes the sleeve workpiece through the hollow column platform of the cladding assembly from top to bottom, then sleeves the central hole of the sleeve workpiece on the outside of the threaded rod of the driving and grooving assembly, and supports the sleeve workpiece on the top surface of the disc; S12. The worker threadedly connects a locking nut on the threaded section of the threaded rod. Under the threaded connection force between the locking nut and the threaded rod, the sleeve workpiece is just fixed between the disc and the locking nut, thereby realizing the fixing of the sleeve workpiece. At this time, the sleeve workpiece just faces the three grooving tools of the driving and grooving assembly; S2. Cutting three spaced annular grooves on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece, and its specific operation steps are as follows: S21. The worker controls the main motor of the driving and grooving assembly to start. The main motor drives the main shaft to rotate, the main shaft drives the disc to rotate synchronously, and the disc drives the sleeve workpiece fixed on it to rotate synchronously; S22. Control the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder of the driving and grooving assembly to extend to the left. The piston rod drives the vertical tool holder to move to the left synchronously, and the vertical tool holder drives the three grooving tools to move to the left synchronously. The three grooving tools cut the sleeve workpiece. When the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder is fully extended, three spaced annular grooves are cut on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece; S23. After grooving, control the main motor to turn off, and then control the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder to retract to the right. The piston rod drives the vertical tool holder to the right, and the vertical tool holder drives the three grooving tools to withdraw from the sleeve workpiece; when the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder is fully retracted, the vertical tool holder and the three grooving tools are all reset; S3. Cladding the lower cladding layer II on the sleeve workpiece, and its specific operation steps are as follows: S31. Control the self-locking motor of the remelting assembly to start. The self-locking motor drives the driving gear to rotate counterclockwise. The driving gear drives the strip-shaped rack to move upward. The strip-shaped rack drives the lifting cylinder to move upward relative to the stationary disc. The lifting cylinder drives the connecting plate, the horizontal oil cylinder and the bracket to move upward synchronously, and then drives the discharge pipe and the laser welding head to move upward synchronously; When the lifting cylinder rises to the set height, the controller controls the self-locking motor to shut down. At this time, an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the lifting cylinder, the top surface of the disc and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece. The annular cavity communicates with the annular groove in the lower layer of the sleeve workpiece, and the annular cavity is located directly below the discharge port of the discharge pipe; S32. Control the material pump to start. The material pump pumps out the high-entropy alloy in the storage tank. The pumped high-entropy alloy, under the pump pressure, sequentially passes through the hose and the discharge pipe and finally discharges into the annular cavity. At the same time, start the main motor. The main motor drives the disc to rotate. At this time, the high-entropy alloy discharged from the discharge pipe is initially filled into each area of the annular cavity; S33. The worker controls the material pump and the main motor to shut down, and then controls the piston rod of the horizontal oil cylinder to retract to the left. The piston rod drives the discharge pipe to move to the left so that the discharge pipe moves to the outside of the lifting cylinder. Then the worker uses a scraper to level the high-entropy alloy so that the high-entropy alloy is flush with the top surface of the lifting cylinder, thus realizing the filling of the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity. At this time, the high-entropy alloy is just directly below the laser welding head; S34. Start the laser welding machine. The laser beam emitted by the laser welding head irradiates on the high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy begins to melt. Then control the power motor to start. The power motor drives the power gear to rotate. The power gear drives the gear ring to rotate synchronously around the axis of the hollow column platform. The gear ring drives the mounting plate to rotate synchronously. The mounting plate drives the laser welding head to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the laser welding head, the laser welding head gradually melts the filled high-entropy alloy. When the laser welding head rotates to the set number of turns, control the power motor and the laser welding machine to shut down. After cooling for a period of time, the lower remelting layer II covered on the sleeve workpiece is formed; S4. The worker repeats the operation of step S3 once, and the middle remelting layer II covered on the sleeve workpiece can be formed on the basis of the lower remelting layer II; The worker repeats the operation of step S3 once again, and the upper remelting layer II covered on the sleeve workpiece can be formed on the basis of the middle remelting layer II. Among them, the formed lower remelting layer II, middle remelting layer II and upper remelting layer II together constitute the high-entropy alloy layer II, thus finally realizing the formation of the high-entropy alloy layer II on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece; S5. Take away the sleeve workpiece formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II. The specific operation steps are as follows: S51. The worker controls the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder of the driving and grooving assembly to extend downward. The piston rod drives the platform to move downward, and the platform drives the main motor, the main shaft, and the disc to move downward synchronously, thereby driving the sleeve workpiece to move downward relative to the stationary lifting cylinder. The sleeve workpiece drives the high-entropy alloy layer II formed on its cylindrical surface to move downward synchronously. After the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder is fully extended, the sleeve workpiece moves to the lower part of the lifting cylinder. S52. The worker unscrews the locking sleeve, and then the worker removes the sleeve workpiece formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II. S6. The worker repeats the operations of steps S1 to S5 multiple times, and thus the high-entropy alloy layer II can be continuously formed on the cylindrical surfaces of multiple sleeve workpieces.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages: greatly improving the efficiency of forming the high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece and greatly improving the forming quality of the high-entropy alloy layer. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve workpiece; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the main sectional schematic diagram of Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser cladding device of the prior art; Figure 4 is Figure 3 the main sectional schematic diagram of Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the surrounding seat; Figure 6 is Figure 5 the main sectional schematic diagram of Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of sleeving the central hole of the sleeve workpiece onto the positioning post from top to bottom; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of forming an annular cavity between the inner wall of the surrounding seat, the top surface of the top plate, and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the worker initially filling the high-entropy alloy into each area of the annular cavity; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the worker vertically orienting the laser welding head of the laser welding machine towards the filled high-entropy alloy; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of forming the lower cladding layer I cladded on the sleeve workpiece; Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of forming an annular cavity between the inner wall of the surrounding seat, the lower cladding layer I, and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece; Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of forming the middle cladding layer I cladded on the sleeve workpiece; Figure 14 Schematic diagram for forming the upper cladding layer I cladded on the sleeve workpiece Figure 15 Schematic diagram for forming the high-entropy alloy layer I on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece Figure 16 Structural view of the present invention Figure 17 For Figure 16 Main sectional schematic diagram Figure 18 Axonometric view of the driving and grooving assembly Figure 19 For Figure 18 Main sectional schematic diagram Figure 20 Axonometric view of the cladding assembly Figure 21 For Figure 20 Bottom view Figure 22 For Figure 20 Main sectional schematic diagram Figure 23 Schematic diagram for fixing the sleeve workpiece Figure 24 Schematic diagram for three grooving cutters to cut the sleeve workpiece Figure 25 Axonometric view of the sleeve workpiece with three annular grooves Figure 26 For Figure 25 Main sectional schematic diagram Figure 27 Schematic diagram for the vertical tool holder and the three grooving cutters to reset Figure 28 Schematic diagram for an annular cavity formed between the inner wall of the lifting cylinder, the top surface of the disc and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece Figure 29 Schematic diagram for the preliminary filling of the high-entropy alloy discharged from the discharge pipe into each area of the annular cavity Figure 30 Schematic diagram for the laser welding head in a rotating state Figure 31 Schematic diagram for forming the lower cladding layer II cladded on the sleeve workpiece Figure 32 Schematic diagram for forming the middle cladding layer II cladded on the sleeve workpiece Figure 33 Schematic diagram for forming the upper cladding layer II cladded on the sleeve workpiece Figure 34 Schematic diagram for forming the high-entropy alloy layer II on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece Figure 35 Schematic diagram of the sleeve workpiece moving below the lifting cylinder; Figure 36 Schematic diagram of removing the sleeve workpiece formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II; In the figure: 1 - Sleeve workpiece, 2 - Central hole, 3 - Fixed rod, 4 - Top plate, 5 - Positioning column, 6 - Threaded hole, 7 - Surrounding base, 8 - Through hole, 9 - Light hole, 10 - Bolt, 11 - Annular cavity, 12 - Laser welding head; 13 - Lower section remelting layer I, 14 - Middle section remelting layer I, 15 - Upper section remelting layer I; 16 - Workbench, 17 - Driving and grooving assembly, 18 - Right base, 19 - Unloading oil cylinder, 20 - Main motor, 21 - Spindle, 22 - Disc, 23 - Threaded rod; 24 - Remelting assembly, 25 - Left base, 26 - Lifting cylinder, 27 - Self-locking motor, 28 - Driving gear, 29 - Striped rack, 30 - Guide post, 31 - Connecting plate, 32 - Horizontal oil cylinder, 33 - Discharge pipe, 34 - Support, 35 - Gear ring, 36 - Mounting plate; 37 - Power motor, 38 - Power gear, 39 - Feed oil cylinder, 40 - Vertical tool holder, 41 - Grooving tool; 42 - Locking nut, 43 - Annular groove, 44 - Lower section remelting layer II, 45 - Middle section remelting layer II, 46 - Upper section remelting layer II. Specific embodiments

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following: As Figures 16 - 22 shown, a laser remelting device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece, which includes a workbench 16, a driving and grooving assembly 17 arranged on the workbench 16 for driving the sleeve workpiece 1 to rotate and for opening a plurality of annular grooves on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1; The driving and grooving assembly 17 includes a right base 18 fixed on the workbench 16, a blanking oil cylinder 19 fixed on the left end face of the right base 18. The piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder 19 extends downward, and a platform is fixed on the extending end. A main motor 20 is fixed on the platform. A main shaft 21 is connected to the output shaft of the main motor 20 and penetrates the platform upward. A disc 22 is fixed on the top end of the main shaft 21. A threaded rod 23 is fixed on the disc 22. The threaded rod 23, the disc 22 and the main shaft 21 are coaxially arranged. A grooving mechanism is arranged on the right base 18. The grooving mechanism includes a feed oil cylinder 39 fixed on the right end face of the right base 18. The piston rod of the feed oil cylinder 39 penetrates the right base 18 to the left, and a vertical tool holder 40 is fixed on the extending end. Three grooving cutters 41 are fixed on the left end face of the vertical tool holder 40 at intervals along its height direction. The three grooving cutters 41 are all opposite to the threaded rod 23 left and right. The distance between every two adjacent grooving cutters 41 is equal.

[0021] An over-melting assembly 24 is arranged outside the disc 22, which can automatically form an annular cavity, automatically pre-fill the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity, and melt the filled high-entropy alloy. The over-melting assembly 24 includes a left base 25 fixed on the workbench 16 and located on the left side of the main shaft 21, and a lifting cylinder 26 sleeved outside the disc 22. A self-locking motor 27 is fixed on the right end face of the left base 25. A driving gear 28 is installed on the output shaft of the self-locking motor 27. The top surface of the lifting cylinder 26 is flush with the top surface of the disc 22. A strip-shaped rack 29 arranged along its axis is fixed on the left outer wall of the lifting cylinder 26. The strip-shaped rack 29 meshes with the driving gear 28. The bottom of the strip-shaped rack 29 is connected with a guide post 30 that slides downward through the workbench 16. A connecting plate 31 is also fixed on the left side of the lifting cylinder 26 and is located directly above the left base 25. A horizontal oil cylinder 32 is fixed on the top surface of the connecting plate 31. A movable plate is fixed on the acting end of the piston rod of the horizontal oil cylinder 32. A discharge pipe 33 is fixed inside the movable plate. The discharge port of the discharge pipe 33 is directly above the outer edge of the disc 22. The left port of the discharge pipe 33 is connected to the discharge port of a material pump through a hose. The suction port of the material pump is communicated with a storage tank filled with high-entropy alloy. A support 34 is fixed on the top surface of the connecting plate 31. The upper end of the support 34 extends directly above the threaded rod 23, and a hollow column platform is fixed on the bottom surface of the extending end. A gear ring 35 is rotatably installed outside the hollow column platform. The gear ring 35, the hollow column platform and the threaded rod 23 are coaxially arranged. A power mechanism for driving its rotation is connected to the gear ring 35. The power mechanism includes a power motor 37 fixed on the top surface of the support 34. The output shaft of the power motor 37 penetrates the support 34 downward, and a power gear 38 is connected to the extending end. The power gear 38 meshes with the gear ring 35.

[0022] A mounting plate 36 extending downward is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the gear ring 35. A laser welding head 12 which is vertically arranged and located directly above the discharge pipe 33 is fixedly provided inside the extending end of the mounting plate 36. The laser welding head 12 is connected to a laser welding machine.

[0023] The laser cladding device further includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the main motor 20, the self-locking motor 27, the power motor 37, the laser welding machine, the material pump, the horizontal oil cylinder 32 and the feed oil cylinder 39 through signals. Workers can control the start or stop of the main motor 20, the self-locking motor 27, the power motor 37, the laser welding machine and the material pump through the controller. At the same time, they can also control the extension or retraction of the piston rods of the horizontal oil cylinder 32 and the feed oil cylinder 39, thus facilitating the operation of the workers.

[0024] A laser cladding method for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece includes the following steps: S1. Fixing of the sleeve workpiece 1, and its specific operation steps are as follows: S11. Workers take out a sleeve workpiece 1 as shown in Figures 1 - 2 , pass the sleeve workpiece 1 through the hollow column platform of the cladding assembly 24 from top to bottom, then sleuth the central hole 2 of the sleeve workpiece 1 outside the threaded rod 23 of the driving and grooving assembly 17, and support the sleeve workpiece 1 on the top surface of the disc 22; S12. Workers thread a locking nut 42 on the threaded section of the threaded rod 23. Under the thread connection force between the locking nut 42 and the threaded rod 23, the sleeve workpiece 1 is just fixed between the disc 22 and the locking nut 42, thus realizing the fixation of the sleeve workpiece 1. As shown in Figure 23 , at this time, the sleeve workpiece 1 just faces the three grooving cutters 41 of the driving and grooving assembly 17; S2. Cutting three spaced annular grooves on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, and its specific operation steps are as follows: S21. Workers control the main motor 20 of the driving and grooving assembly 17 to start. The main motor 20 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate, the main shaft 21 drives the disc 22 to rotate synchronously, and the disc 22 drives the sleeve workpiece 1 fixed thereon to rotate synchronously; S22. Control the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder 39 of the driving and grooving assembly 17 to extend leftward. The piston rod drives the vertical tool holder 40 to move leftward synchronously, and the vertical tool holder 40 drives the three grooving cutters 41 to move leftward synchronously. The three grooving cutters 41 cut the sleeve workpiece 1. As shown in Figure 24 , when the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder 39 is fully extended, three spaced annular grooves 43 are cut on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1. As shown in Figures 25 - 26 ; S23. After grooving, control the main motor 20 to shut down, and then control the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder 39 to retract to the right. The piston rod drives the vertical tool holder 40 to move to the right, and the vertical tool holder 40 drives the three grooving tools 41 to withdraw from the sleeve workpiece 1. After the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder 39 is fully retracted, the vertical tool holder 40 and the three grooving tools 41 are both reset, as Figure 27 shown; S3. Melt and deposit the lower deposited layer II on the sleeve workpiece 1. The specific operation steps are as follows: S31. Control the self-locking motor 27 of the deposition assembly 24 to start. The self-locking motor 27 drives the driving gear 28 to rotate counterclockwise. The driving gear 28 drives the strip-shaped rack 29 to move upward. The strip-shaped rack 29 drives the lifting cylinder 26 to move upward relative to the stationary disk 22. The lifting cylinder 26 drives the connecting plate 31, the horizontal oil cylinder 32 and the bracket 34 to move upward synchronously, and further drives the discharge pipe 33 and the laser welding head 12 to move upward synchronously; When the lifting cylinder 26 rises to the set height, the controller controls the self-locking motor 27 to shut down. At this time, an annular cavity 11 is formed between the inner wall of the lifting cylinder 26, the top surface of the disk 22 and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, as Figure 28 shown. The annular cavity 11 communicates with the annular groove 43 in the lower layer of the sleeve workpiece 1, and the annular cavity 11 is located directly below the discharge port of the discharge pipe 33; S32. Control the material pump to start. The material pump pumps out the high-entropy alloy in the storage tank. The pumped high-entropy alloy, under the pump pressure, sequentially passes through the hose and the discharge pipe 33 and finally discharges into the annular cavity 11. At the same time, start the main motor 20. The main motor 20 drives the disk 22 to rotate. At this time, the high-entropy alloy discharged from the discharge pipe 33 is initially filled into each area of the annular cavity 11, as Figure 29 shown; S33. The worker controls the material pump and the main motor 20 to shut down, and then controls the piston rod of the horizontal oil cylinder 32 to retract to the left. The piston rod drives the discharge pipe 33 to move to the left so that the discharge pipe 33 moves to the outside of the lifting cylinder 26. Then the worker uses a scraper to level the high-entropy alloy so that the high-entropy alloy is flush with the top surface of the lifting cylinder 26, thus realizing the filling of the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity 11. At this time, the high-entropy alloy is just directly below the laser welding head 12; S34. Start the laser welding machine. The laser beam emitted by the laser welding head 12 irradiates on the high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy begins to melt. Then control the power motor 37 to start. The power motor 37 drives the power gear 38 to rotate. The power gear 38 drives the gear ring 35 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the hollow column platform. The gear ring 35 drives the mounting plate 36 to rotate synchronously. The mounting plate 36 drives the laser welding head 12 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the laser welding head 12, as Figure 30As shown, the laser welding head 12 gradually melts the filled high-entropy alloy. After the laser welding head 12 rotates to the set number of turns, the control power motor 37 and the laser welding machine are turned off. After cooling for a period of time, the lower cladding layer II 44 covering the sleeve workpiece 1 is formed, as Figure 31 shown; S4. The worker repeats the operation in step S3 once, and the middle cladding layer II 45 covering the sleeve workpiece 1 can be formed on the basis of the lower cladding layer II 44, as Figure 32 shown; The worker repeats the operation in step S3 once again, and the upper cladding layer II 46 covering the sleeve workpiece 1 can be formed on the basis of the middle cladding layer II 45, as Figure 33 shown. Among them, the formed lower cladding layer II 44, middle cladding layer II 45 and upper cladding layer II 46 together constitute the high-entropy alloy layer II, thus finally realizing the formation of the high-entropy alloy layer II on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece 1, as Figure 34 shown; Among them, it can be seen from steps S3 to S4 that since the lower annular groove 43 connected to the annular cavity 11 is also filled with high-entropy alloy, when the laser welding head 12 melts the filled high-entropy alloy, the formed lower cladding layer II 44 is hooked in the lower annular groove 43 of the sleeve workpiece 1. Similarly, the formed middle cladding layer II 45 is hooked in the middle annular groove 43 of the sleeve workpiece 1, and the formed upper cladding layer II 46 is hooked in the upper annular groove 43 of the sleeve workpiece 1.

[0025] It can be seen from this that the high-entropy alloy layer II composed of the lower cladding layer II 44, middle cladding layer II 45 and upper cladding layer II 46 is always hooked on the sleeve workpiece 1, greatly improving the adhesion of the high-entropy alloy layer II covering the sleeve workpiece 1. Therefore, when the sleeve workpiece 1 is used for a long time, the high-entropy alloy layer II will not fall off from the sleeve workpiece 1. Compared with the high-entropy alloy layer I formed by the laser cladding device as Figures 3 - 15 shown, the forming quality of the high-entropy alloy layer is greatly improved.

[0026] S5. Taking away the sleeve workpiece 1 formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II, the specific operation steps are as follows: S51. The worker controls the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder 19 of the driving and grooving assembly 17 to extend downward. The piston rod drives the platform to move downward, and the platform drives the main motor 20, the main shaft 21 and the disc 22 to move downward synchronously, thereby driving the sleeve workpiece 1 to move downward relative to the stationary lifting cylinder 26. The sleeve workpiece 1 drives the high-entropy alloy layer II formed on its cylindrical surface to move downward synchronously. After the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder 19 is fully extended, the sleeve workpiece 1 moves to the lower part of the lifting cylinder 26, as Figure 35as shown; S52. The worker unscrews the locking sleeve 42, and then the worker takes away the sleeve-shaped workpiece 1 formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II, and the taking-away direction is as Figure 36 indicated by the arrow in; S6. The worker repeats the operations of steps S1 to S5 multiple times, and then the high-entropy alloy layer II can be continuously formed on the cylindrical surfaces of multiple sleeve-shaped workpieces 1.

[0027] Among them, in step S31, the worker only needs to control the self-locking motor 27 of the cladding assembly 24 to start, so that the lifting cylinder 26 rises, thereby automatically forming the annular cavity 11. Compared with the Figures 3 - 15 laser cladding device as shown, it is not necessary for the worker to fix the seat 7 with multiple bolts 10 to form the annular cavity 11, thereby shortening the forming time of the lower cladding layer II44; In step S32, the worker only needs to control the start of the material pump and the main motor 20, and then the high-entropy alloy can be automatically filled into the annular cavity 11 initially. Compared with the Figures 3 - 15 laser cladding device as shown, it is not necessary for the worker to manually fill the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity 11 initially, thereby further shortening the forming time of the lower cladding layer II44; In steps S33 to S34, after the high-entropy alloy is filled into the annular cavity 11, the high-entropy alloy is already directly below the laser welding head 12. Compared with the Figures 3 - 15 laser cladding device as shown, it is not necessary for the worker to manually adjust the position of the laser welding head 12 of the laser welding machine so that the laser welding head 12 vertically faces the high-entropy alloy, thereby further shortening the forming time of the lower cladding layer II44.

[0028] It can be seen from this that this laser cladding device only needs the linkage cooperation of the cladding assembly 24, the driving and grooving assembly 17 to realize the formation of the lower cladding layer II44 on the sleeve-shaped workpiece 1 in a short time. Similarly, it can realize the formation of the middle cladding layer II45 and the upper cladding layer II46 on the sleeve-shaped workpiece 1 in a short time. Compared with the Figures 3 - 15 laser cladding device as shown, the efficiency of forming the high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve-shaped workpiece 1 is greatly improved.

Claims

1. A laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece, characterized in that: It includes a workbench (16), a driving and grooving assembly (17) arranged on the workbench (16) for driving the sleeve workpiece (1) to rotate and for opening a plurality of annular grooves on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece (1); The driving and grooving assembly (17) includes a right base (18) fixedly arranged on the workbench (16), a blanking oil cylinder (19) fixedly arranged on the left end face of the right base (18). The piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder (19) extends downward and a platform is fixedly arranged on the extending end. A main motor (20) is fixedly arranged on the platform. A main shaft (21) that penetrates the platform upward is connected to the output shaft of the main motor (20). A disc (22) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the main shaft (21). A threaded rod (23) is fixedly arranged on the disc (22). A grooving mechanism is arranged on the right base (18); An over-melting assembly (24) that can automatically form an annular cavity, automatically pre-fill the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity, and melt the filled high-entropy alloy is arranged outside the disc (22). The over-melting assembly (24) includes a left base (25) fixedly arranged on the workbench (16) and located on the left side of the main shaft (21), and a lifting cylinder (26) sleeved outside the disc (22). A self-locking motor (27) is fixedly arranged on the right end face of the left base (25). A driving gear (28) is installed on the output shaft of the self-locking motor (27). The top surface of the lifting cylinder (26) is flush with the top surface of the disc (22). A strip-shaped rack (29) arranged along its axial direction is fixedly arranged on the left outer wall of the lifting cylinder (26). The strip-shaped rack (29) meshes with the driving gear (28). The bottom of the strip-shaped rack (29) is connected with a guiding column (30) that slides downward through the workbench (16); A connecting plate (31) located directly above the left base (25) is also fixedly arranged on the left side of the lifting cylinder (26). A horizontal oil cylinder (32) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the connecting plate (31). A movable plate is fixedly arranged on the acting end of the piston rod of the horizontal oil cylinder (32). A discharge pipe (33) is fixedly arranged inside the movable plate. The discharge port of the discharge pipe (33) is directly above the outer edge of the disc (22). A bracket (34) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the connecting plate (31). The upper end of the bracket (34) extends directly above the threaded rod (23), and a hollow column platform is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the extending end. A gear ring (35) is rotatably installed outside the hollow column platform. A power mechanism for driving its rotation is connected to the gear ring (35); An installation plate (36) extending downward is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the gear ring (35). A laser welding head (12) vertically arranged directly above the discharge pipe (33) is fixedly arranged inside the extending end of the installation plate (36). The laser welding head (12) is connected to a laser welding machine.

2. The laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 1, wherein: The threaded rod (23), the disc (22), and the main shaft (21) are coaxially arranged.

3. The laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 2, wherein: The gear ring (35), the hollow column platform, and the threaded rod (23) are coaxially arranged.

4. A laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that: The left port of the discharge pipe (33) is connected to the discharge port of a material pump through a hose. The suction port of the material pump is communicated with a storage tank filled with high-entropy alloy.

5. The laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 4, wherein: The power mechanism includes a power motor (37) fixedly arranged on the top surface of the support (34). The output shaft of the power motor (37) penetrates downward through the support (34), and a power gear (38) is connected to the extending end. The power gear (38) meshes with the gear ring (35).

6. A laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grooving mechanism includes a feed oil cylinder (39) fixedly arranged on the right end face of the right base (18). The piston rod of the feed oil cylinder (39) penetrates leftward through the right base (18), and a vertical tool holder (40) is fixedly arranged on the extending end. Three grooving cutters (41) are fixedly arranged on the left end face of the vertical tool holder (40) at intervals along its height direction. The three grooving cutters (41) are all opposite to the threaded rod (23) left and right.

7. The laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distance between every two adjacent grooving cutters (41) is equal.

8. A laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece according to claim 7, characterized in that: The laser cladding device further includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the main motor (20), the self-locking motor (27), the power motor (37), the laser welding machine, the material pump, the horizontal oil cylinder (32) and the feed oil cylinder (39) through signals.

9. A laser cladding method for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece, using the laser cladding device for forming a high-entropy alloy layer on the cylindrical surface of a sleeve workpiece as described in claim 8, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Fixing the sleeve workpiece (1), and the specific operation steps are as follows: S11. The worker takes out a sleeve workpiece (1), passes the sleeve workpiece (1) through the hollow column platform of the cladding assembly (24) from top to bottom, then sleeves the central hole (2) of the sleeve workpiece (1) on the outside of the threaded rod (23) of the driving and grooving assembly (17), and supports the sleeve workpiece (1) on the top surface of the disc (22). S12. The worker threadedly connects a locking nut (42) on the threaded section of the threaded rod (23). Under the threaded connection force between the locking nut (42) and the threaded rod (23), the sleeve workpiece (1) is just fixed between the disc (22) and the locking nut (42), thereby realizing the fixation of the sleeve workpiece (1). At this time, the sleeve workpiece (1) just faces the three grooving cutters (41) of the driving and grooving assembly (17). S2. Three spaced annular grooves are opened on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece (1), and the specific operation steps are as follows: S21. The worker controls the main motor (20) of the driving and grooving assembly (17) to start. The main motor (20) drives the main shaft (21) to rotate. The main shaft (21) drives the disc (22) to rotate synchronously. The disc (22) drives the sleeve workpiece (1) fixed thereon to rotate synchronously. S22. Control the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder (39) of the driving and grooving assembly (17) to extend leftward. The piston rod drives the vertical tool holder (40) to move leftward synchronously. The vertical tool holder (40) drives the three grooving cutters (41) to move leftward synchronously. The three grooving cutters (41) cut the sleeve workpiece (1). When the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder (39) is fully extended, three spaced annular grooves (43) are opened on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece (1). S23. After grooving, control the main motor (20) to shut down, and then control the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder (39) to retract to the right. The piston rod drives the vertical tool holder (40) to move to the right, and the vertical tool holder (40) drives the three grooving tools (41) to withdraw from the sleeve workpiece (1). When the piston rod of the feed oil cylinder (39) is fully retracted, the vertical tool holder (40) and the three grooving tools (41) are both reset. S3. Melt and deposit the lower melt-deposited layer II on the sleeve workpiece (1). The specific operation steps are as follows: S31. Control the self-locking motor (27) of the melt-depositing assembly (24) to start. The self-locking motor (27) drives the driving gear (28) to rotate counterclockwise. The driving gear (28) drives the strip-shaped rack (29) to move upward. The strip-shaped rack (29) drives the lifting cylinder (26) to move upward relative to the stationary disk (22). The lifting cylinder (26) drives the connecting plate (31), the horizontal oil cylinder (32) and the bracket (34) to move upward synchronously, and further drives the discharge pipe (33) and the laser welding head (12) to move upward synchronously. When the lifting cylinder (26) rises to the set height, the controller controls the self-locking motor (27) to shut down. At this time, an annular cavity (11) is formed between the inner wall of the lifting cylinder (26), the top surface of the disk (22) and the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece (1). The annular cavity (11) communicates with the annular groove (43) in the lower layer of the sleeve workpiece (1), and the annular cavity (11) is located directly below the discharge port of the discharge pipe (33). S32. Control the material pump to start. The material pump pumps out the high-entropy alloy in the storage tank. The pumped high-entropy alloy, under the pump pressure, sequentially passes through the hose and the discharge pipe (33) and finally discharges into the annular cavity (11). At the same time, start the main motor (20). The main motor (20) drives the disk (22) to rotate. At this time, the high-entropy alloy discharged from the discharge pipe (33) is initially filled into each area of the annular cavity (11). S33. The worker controls the material pump and the main motor (20) to shut down, and then controls the piston rod of the horizontal oil cylinder (32) to retract to the left. The piston rod drives the discharge pipe (33) to move to the left so that the discharge pipe (33) moves to the outside of the lifting cylinder (26). Then the worker uses a scraper to level the high-entropy alloy so that the high-entropy alloy is flush with the top surface of the lifting cylinder (26), thus realizing the filling of the high-entropy alloy into the annular cavity (11). At this time, the high-entropy alloy is just directly below the laser welding head (12). S34. Start the laser welding machine. The laser beam emitted by the laser welding head (12) irradiates on the high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy begins to melt. Then, control the power motor (37) to start. The power motor (37) drives the power gear (38) to rotate. The power gear (38) drives the gear ring (35) to rotate synchronously around the axis of the hollow column platform. The gear ring (35) drives the mounting plate (36) to rotate synchronously, and the mounting plate (36) drives the laser welding head (12) to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the laser welding head (12), the laser welding head (12) gradually melts the filled high-entropy alloy. When the laser welding head (12) rotates to the set number of turns, control the power motor (37) and the laser welding machine to shut down. After cooling for a period of time, the lower segment cladding layer II (44) covering and melting on the sleeve workpiece (1) is formed; S4. The worker repeats the operation in step S3 once, and the middle segment cladding layer II (45) covering and melting on the sleeve workpiece (1) can be formed on the basis of the lower segment cladding layer II (44); The worker repeats the operation in step S3 once again, and the upper segment cladding layer II (46) covering and melting on the sleeve workpiece (1) can be formed on the basis of the middle segment cladding layer II (45). Among them, the formed lower segment cladding layer II (44), middle segment cladding layer II (45), and upper segment cladding layer II (46) together constitute the high-entropy alloy layer II, thus finally realizing the formation of the high-entropy alloy layer II on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve workpiece (1); S5. Remove the sleeve workpiece (1) formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II. The specific operation steps are as follows: S51. The worker controls the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder (19) of the driving and grooving assembly (17) to extend downward. The piston rod drives the platform to move downward. The platform drives the main motor (20), the main shaft (21), and the disc (22) to move downward synchronously, and further drives the sleeve workpiece (1) to move downward relative to the stationary lifting cylinder (26). The sleeve workpiece (1) drives the high-entropy alloy layer II formed on its cylindrical surface to move downward synchronously. When the piston rod of the blanking oil cylinder (19) is fully extended, the sleeve workpiece (1) moves to the lower part of the lifting cylinder (26); S52. The worker unscrews the locking nut (42), and then the worker removes the sleeve workpiece (1) formed with the high-entropy alloy layer II; S6. The worker repeats the operations in steps S1 to S5 multiple times like this, and the high-entropy alloy layer II can be continuously formed on the cylindrical surfaces of multiple sleeve workpieces (1).

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