Electrode material, cathode for water electrolysis hydrogen production device and preparation method of cathode

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrode material, a cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device and a preparation method of the cathode. The electrode material is used for manufacturing a cathode of a water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the cathode is of a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, the hollow structure is provided with an opening, the hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used for outputting hydrogen; the cathode comprises a composite layer structure which is integrally manufactured, and the composite layer structure is provided with a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer which are arranged from inside to outside according to the inside-outside direction of the cathode; the cathode layer is a porous body with densely distributed pores, and the porous body is used for being connected with a power supply; and the diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer. Therefore, integration of the diaphragm and the cathode is realized. For electrolytic hydrogen production, hydrogen can be independently recycled, and the structure of the device can be simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device, a wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system, an electrode material, a cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The desalination treatment methods for saline wastewater mainly include biological methods, electro-chemical reaction (electrolysis) methods, membrane treatment methods, ion exchange methods, and evaporation crystallization methods. The biological method removes pollutants by oxidizing, decomposing, and adsorbing salts and organic matters in wastewater through the metabolic action of microorganisms. The electrolysis method removes salts in water through electrolysis. The membrane treatment method utilizes the difference in the selective permeability of each component in wastewater by the membrane to separate, purify, and concentrate the target substances. The ion exchange method is a method of removing salts in raw water by allowing the cations and anions in saline wastewater to exchange with the cations and anions fixed on the ion exchange resin. The evaporation crystallization method is a method of evaporating water according to the evaporation principle to increase the salt concentration of wastewater so that salts can precipitate.

[0003] Among the above desalination treatment methods, the electrolysis method has strong adaptability to saline wastewater and relatively high desalination efficiency. However, the electrolysis method requires the use of a large number of electrolytic cells and related equipment, and the cost of these equipment is relatively high. In addition, the replacement of electrodes will further increase the use cost. Therefore, the electrolysis method has problems of relatively high operating costs and large floor areas. On the contrary, the membrane treatment method has a relatively small floor area, but the membrane treatment method usually has relatively high requirements for the quality of the influent water (mainly to prevent rapid membrane fouling resulting in a rapid decline in membrane flux). If the electrolysis method and the membrane treatment method are to be combined, the electrolysis system is often set before the membrane treatment system, so as to use the membrane treatment system to further deeply treat the wastewater treated by the electrolysis system.

[0004] On the other hand, currently, the electro-chemical reactors that can be used for the above electrolysis method mainly include an electro-catalytic oxidation (ECO) reactor and an electro-coagulation (EC) reactor. Their basic structures are similar, that is, they both include an electrolysis device and a DC power supply, and the anode and cathode of the electrolysis device are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power supply. The main difference between the two lies in the difference in electrode materials.

[0005] Electro-Catalytic Oxidation (EO) utilizes the oxidation of the anode (usually a titanium-based metal oxide coated electrode) and / or the generation of free radicals by the action of an electric field to promote the oxidation and decomposition of pollutants, thereby achieving wastewater treatment. It can be subdivided into direct oxidation method and indirect oxidation method. The direct oxidation method directly oxidizes the pollutants on the anode surface to achieve the purpose of removing pollution. The indirect oxidation method decomposes water molecules through an electric field to generate oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals, which react with the pollutants in the wastewater to remove pollution.

[0006] Electro-coagulation (EC) is to dissolve metal ions in the anode (usually an aluminum electrode or an iron electrode) into the wastewater. Through hydrolysis reaction, metal hydroxides are generated. The metal hydroxides act as flocculants to coagulate the suspended solids and colloids in the wastewater, thereby achieving the purpose of removing pollution. At the same time, the hydrogen ions at the cathode gain electrons and are reduced to hydrogen gas, which overflows in the form of fine bubbles. Through the air flotation effect, the flocs and oil substances in the wastewater float to the water surface.

[0007] At present, the functions of both electro-catalytic oxidation technology and electro-coagulation technology are relatively single, and the recycling of hydrogen gas has not been realized. If hydrogen gas is to be recycled, it is often necessary to set up a diaphragm between the anode and the cathode. The main function of the diaphragm is to prevent the mixing of gas products at both poles. However, the setting of the diaphragm will lead to a complex structure of the electrolysis device, increased costs, and a decrease in the stability and maintainability of use. If the diaphragm is not set between the anode and the cathode, the gas products at both poles will mix, and in order to recycle hydrogen gas, it is necessary to separate the mixed gas, thus increasing the difficulty of hydrogen gas recycling and utilization.

[0008] At present, diaphragm materials are manufactured and used independently. An ideal diaphragm material should have the following characteristics: First, good ionic conductivity, high porosity, and low resistivity; Second, high gas barrier property, high hydrophilicity, and high corrosion resistance; Third, thin thickness, small pore size, high mechanical strength, and good dimensional stability; Fourth, low cost and long service life. Currently, common diaphragms are polymer diaphragms, ceramic diaphragms, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for electrolyzing wastewater to produce hydrogen, so as to avoid setting up an independent diaphragm in the electro-chemical reactor when applying the electrolysis method to desalinate saline wastewater and produce hydrogen.

[0010] The purpose of the present invention also lies in providing an electrode material that can be used in the above-mentioned device for electrolyzing wastewater to produce hydrogen, a cathode for a device for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, and a preparation method thereof.

[0011] The purpose of the present invention also lies in providing a wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system, which helps to improve the problems of relatively high operating costs and large floor area existing in the electrolysis method.

[0012] In the first aspect, a hydrogen production device by electrolyzing wastewater is provided, including: a housing; an anode, installed in the housing and used for oxidizing wastewater through anodic electrochemical reaction; a cathode, installed in the housing and used for generating hydrogen through cathodic electrochemical reaction; the cathode is a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, and the hollow structure has an opening; the shell layer includes a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer which are integrally manufactured and arranged from inside to outside; the cathode layer is a porous body with dense pores, and this porous body is used to connect to a power source; the diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer to form a diaphragm; the hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen; an exhaust structure is provided on the housing, and the opening outputs hydrogen through the exhaust structure.

[0013] In the second aspect, an electrode material is provided, and the electrode material is used to make the cathode of a hydrogen production device by electrolyzing water; the cathode is a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, the hollow structure has an opening, the hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen; it includes a composite layer structure manufactured integrally, and according to the inside-out direction of the cathode, the composite layer structure has a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer arranged from inside to outside; the cathode layer is a porous body with dense pores, and this porous body is used to connect to a power source; the diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer.

[0014] In the third aspect, a cathode for a hydrogen production device by electrolyzing water is provided, which is a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, and the hollow structure has an opening; the shell layer includes a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer which are integrally manufactured and arranged from inside to outside; the cathode layer is a porous body with dense pores, and this porous body is used to connect to a power source; the diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer to form a diaphragm; the hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen.

[0015] In the fourth aspect, a manufacturing method of a cathode for a hydrogen production device by electrolyzing water is provided, including: obtaining a first powder, loading the first powder into a pressing and forming mold to press and form it into a hollow blank; putting the hollow blank into a heating furnace for the first sintering to obtain a sintered metal porous material with dense three-dimensional connected pores; coating a second powder on the outer surface of the sintered metal porous material, and then putting the sintered metal porous material coated with the second powder into a heating furnace for the second sintering to make the second powder form a diaphragm layer, and the diaphragm layer is used as a diaphragm during use.

[0016] The common features of the above-mentioned wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device, electrode material, and the cathode for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device are as follows: The cathode has a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer. The hollow structure has an opening. The shell layer includes a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer that are integrally formed and arranged from the inside out. The cathode layer is a porous body with dense pores, and this porous body is used to connect to the power supply. The diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer to form a diaphragm. The hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen. Thus, the integration of the diaphragm and the cathode is achieved. For electrolytic hydrogen production, the separate recovery of hydrogen can be realized and it helps to simplify the device structure.

[0017] In a fifth aspect, a wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system is provided, including: a wastewater membrane filtration and concentration device for performing membrane filtration and concentration treatment on wastewater to obtain clear water and concentrated water respectively; a first water electrolysis hydrogen production device, which is a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device for purifying and electrolyzing hydrogen from the concentrated water. Wherein, the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device includes a housing, an anode, a cathode, and an exhaust structure. The anode is installed in the housing and is used to oxidize the wastewater through anodic electrochemical reactions. The cathode is installed in the housing and is used to generate hydrogen through cathodic electrochemical reactions. The exhaust structure is installed on the housing and is used to output the hydrogen generated by the cathode from the housing.

[0018] Among them, optionally, the cathode has a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, and the hollow structure has an opening; the shell layer includes a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer that are integrally formed and arranged from the inside out; the cathode layer is a porous body with dense pores, and this porous body is used to connect to the power supply; the diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer to form a diaphragm located between the cathode layer and the anode; the hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening outputs hydrogen through the exhaust structure.

[0019] Among them, optionally, the exhaust structure includes a gas-liquid separator provided on the housing. The gas-liquid separator has a gas-liquid separation chamber, and the gas-liquid separation chamber is communicated with the opening; the gas-liquid separation chamber and the housing form a communicating vessel through the opening. The gas-liquid separation chamber is connected to a reflux pipeline system, and the reflux pipeline system is used to return the liquid in the gas-liquid separation chamber to the housing.

[0020] The above wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system first performs membrane filtration and concentration on the wastewater through a wastewater membrane filtration and concentration device to obtain clear water and concentrated water respectively, and then purifies and electrolyzes the concentrated water through a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device. Since the treatment volume of the concentrated water is greatly reduced, the operating cost and floor area of the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device can be reduced. Since the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device has strong adaptability to saline wastewater, the desalination efficiency of the concentrated water can be ensured. The above wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system is particularly suitable for low-salt wastewater.

[0021] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings constituting a part of this specification are used to assist in understanding the present invention. The content provided in the drawings and the related descriptions in this specification can be used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 The schematic diagram after sectioning along the A-A section in

[0025] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device shown from another angle.

[0026] Figure 4 It is Figure 1 The external shape schematic diagram of the cathode in

[0027] Figure 5 It is Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the material layer structure of the cathode in

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the anode and cathode in a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the shown structure from another angle.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a flowchart of a manufacturing method of a cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] The present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that:

[0033] The technical solutions and technical features provided in each part including the following description can be combined with each other without conflict. In addition, where possible, these technical solutions, technical features and related combinations can be given specific technical topics and protected by relevant patents.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention involved in the following description are usually only some embodiments rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work based on these embodiments should fall within the scope of patent protection.

[0035] Regarding the terms and units in this specification: The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof in this specification, the corresponding claims and relevant parts are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. In addition, other relevant terms and units can be reasonably interpreted based on the relevant content provided in this specification.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a waste water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is Figure 1 The schematic diagram after sectioning along the A-A section in Figure 3 is Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the waste water electrolysis hydrogen production device shown from another angle. Figure 4 is Figure 1 The external shape schematic diagram of the cathode in Figure 5 is Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the material layer structure of the cathode in Figures 1-5 As shown, the waste water electrolysis hydrogen production device includes: a housing 11, an anode 12 and a cathode 13.

[0037] Among them, the anode 12 is installed in the housing 11 and is used to oxidize the waste water through anodic electrochemical reaction.

[0038] The anode 12 here can adopt the same or similar anode as that of an electrocatalytic oxidation reactor (such as a titanium-based metal oxide coated electrode).

[0039] Among them, the cathode 13 is installed in the housing 11 and is used to produce hydrogen through cathodic electrochemical reaction.

[0040] Among them, the cathode 13 is a hollow structure having a shell layer 131 and a hollow layer 132, and the hollow structure has an opening 133.

[0041] Among them, the shell layer 131 includes a cathode layer 1311 and a diaphragm layer 1312 which are integrally manufactured and arranged from the inside outwards.

[0042] Among them, the cathode layer 1311 is a porous body with dense pores, and the porous body is used to connect to a power source.

[0043] Generally, the power source is a DC power source, and the porous body is used to connect to the negative pole of the DC power source. At the same time, the anode 12 is used to connect to the positive pole of the DC power source.

[0044] Among them, the diaphragm layer 1312 is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer 1311 to form a diaphragm.

[0045] Among them, the hollow layer 132 provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening 133 is used to output the hydrogen in the hollow layer 132.

[0046] Among them, an exhaust structure is provided on the housing 11, and the opening 133 outputs hydrogen through the exhaust structure.

[0047] The main purpose of setting the cathode 13 as a hollow structure having a shell layer 131 and a hollow layer 132 is to be able to provide a hydrogen output channel through the hollow layer 132.

[0048] The cathode layer 1311 is set as a porous body with dense pores. Thus, the specific surface area of the cathode layer 1311 is increased, the cathode electrochemical reaction efficiency is improved, and hydrogen can enter the hollow layer 132 through the pores.

[0049] Since the cathode 13 is a hollow structure having a shell layer 131 and a hollow layer 132, the hollow structure has an opening 133, the shell layer 131 includes a cathode layer 1311 and a diaphragm layer 1312 which are integrally manufactured and arranged from the inside outwards, the cathode layer 1311 is a porous body with dense pores, the porous body is used to connect to a power source, the diaphragm layer 1312 is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer 1311 to form a diaphragm, the hollow layer 132 provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen 133. Thus, the integration of the diaphragm and the cathode is realized. For electrolytic hydrogen production, the separate recovery of hydrogen can be achieved and it helps to simplify the structure of the wastewater electrolytic hydrogen production device.

[0050] In addition, since the diaphragm layer 1312 is formed by a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer 1311 to form a diaphragm, the diaphragm layer 1312 (i.e., the diaphragm) actually also acts as a filter membrane on the outer surface of the cathode layer 1311, which can prevent particulate matter in the wastewater from entering the cathode layer 1311 through the diaphragm layer 1312 and causing blockage of the pores in the cathode layer 1311.

[0051] Optionally, the cathode layer 1311 is a porous body with densely distributed three-dimensional interconnected pores, and the porous body belongs to metal porous materials. Thus, the specific surface area of the cathode layer 1311 can be further increased.

[0052] Specifically, the metal porous material may include sintered metal porous materials. Sintered metal porous materials are metal porous materials formed by powder sintering and belong to powder metallurgy products. Based on the preparation characteristics of sintered metal porous materials, three-dimensional interconnected pores are densely distributed in the sintered metal porous materials.

[0053] Specifically, the metal porous material may include intermetallic compound porous materials. Intermetallic compound porous materials usually have both properties such as the corrosion resistance of ceramics and properties such as the electrical conductivity of metals, and are more suitable as the material of the cathode layer 1311.

[0054] The metal porous material can be a nickel-based metal porous material (such as nickel foam) to ensure better hydrogen evolution performance of the cathode layer 1311.

[0055] Optionally, the diaphragm material includes an inorganic membrane. Generally speaking, inorganic membranes are more likely to stably combine with metal porous materials.

[0056] Optionally, the diaphragm material may include any one of a ceramic membrane, a polymer-ceramic membrane hybrid membrane, and a nanocomposite membrane. Ceramic membranes, polymer-ceramic membrane hybrid membranes, and nanocomposite membranes are all existing electrolyte diaphragms. The ceramics among them can include alumina ceramics or silicon nitride ceramics.

[0057] Generally, the diaphragm layer 1312 itself and / or between the diaphragm layer 1312 and the cathode layer 1311 can also form an asymmetric composite layer structure.

[0058] As Figures 1-5 shown, in a specific embodiment, the hollow structure is a plate-shaped hollow structure. In this way, the cathode 13 is a cathode plate, which is convenient for installation and use in the trough-shaped housing 11.

[0059] On this basis, as Figure 4 shown, generally, an opening 133 is provided on the side wall of the plate-shaped hollow structure that forms the thickness of the plate-shaped hollow structure.

[0060] Figure 6This is a schematic structural diagram of the anode and cathode in a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is Figure 6 a schematic diagram from another angle of the structure shown. As Figure 6 shown, the hollow structure is a tubular hollow structure, and the end of the tubular hollow structure is provided with the opening 133. At the same time, the anode 12 is a cylinder and is sleeved outside the cathode 13.

[0061] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a manufacturing method for the cathode of a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] As Figure 8 shown, the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned cathode may include:

[0063] Step S1: Obtain the first powder, and load the first powder into a powder pressing and forming mold to be pressed into a hollow blank;

[0064] Step S2: Put the hollow blank into a heating furnace for the first sintering to obtain a sintered metal porous material, and the sintered metal porous material is densely covered with three-dimensional connected pores;

[0065] Step S3: Coating the second powder on the outer surface of the sintered metal porous material, and then putting the sintered metal porous material coated with the second powder into a heating furnace for the second sintering to form a diaphragm layer with the second powder, and the diaphragm layer is used as a diaphragm during use.

[0066] The manufacturing method of the cathode for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device adopts the powder metallurgy method. The powder pressing and forming mold can adopt an isostatic pressing mold; the specific process parameters of the first sintering and the second sintering can be set according to actual needs.

[0067] As Figures 1-5As shown, in a specific embodiment, the housing 11 is placed vertically, and an electrolysis zone 111 and a flotation zone 112 are sequentially arranged in the housing 11 from bottom to top; the anode 12 and the cathode 13 are arranged in the electrolysis zone 111, and there is an air flow upward channel between the anode 12 and the cathode 13. The air flow upward channel is used to introduce the gas (such as oxygen) generated when the anode 12 oxidizes the wastewater entering the electrolysis zone 111 through anodic electrochemical reaction and / or the gas generated by the aeration device 14 in the lower part of the electrolysis zone 111 in the housing 11 into the flotation zone 112; when the air flow upward channel is used to introduce the gas generated by the aeration device 14 in the lower part of the electrolysis zone 111 in the housing 11 into the flotation zone 112, an aeration device 14 is provided in the lower part of the electrolysis zone 111 in the housing 11; a foam cleaning mechanism 15 is further provided at the top of the flotation zone 112, and the foam cleaning mechanism 15 is used to discharge the foam generated at the top of the flotation zone 112 out of the housing 11.

[0068] Specifically, a water distributor 16 is provided in the lower part of the electrolysis zone 111 in the housing 11, and the water distributor 16 is used to introduce wastewater. The water distributor 16 can be a pipe distributed with numerous water outlet holes.

[0069] Specifically, the foam cleaning mechanism 15 includes an overflow weir, and an overflow port communicated with the overflow weir is provided on the housing 11.

[0070] Thus, the above-mentioned wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device also serves as a flotation device to further improve the wastewater purification treatment effect of the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device. Since the diaphragm layer 1312 is formed by a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer 1311 to form a diaphragm, the cathode layer 1311 and the air flow upward channel are isolated by the diaphragm. When aeration is carried out through the aeration device 14, air does not contact hydrogen, greatly reducing the safety hazard.

[0071] In addition, a cathode installation interface structure 113 is provided in the housing 11. The input part of the cathode installation interface structure 113 is connected and communicated with the opening 133 through a sealing connection structure, and the output part of the cathode installation interface structure 113 is connected and communicated with the exhaust structure.

[0072] The exhaust structure includes a gas-liquid separator 17 provided on the housing 11. The gas-liquid separator 17 has a gas-liquid separation chamber, and the gas-liquid separation chamber is communicated with the opening 133 (through the cathode installation interface structure 113); the gas-liquid separation chamber 17 and the housing 11 form a communicating vessel through the opening 133. The gas-liquid separation chamber is connected to a reflux pipeline system (not shown in the figure), and the reflux pipeline system is used to return the liquid in the gas-liquid separation chamber to the housing 11.

[0073] A mechanical stirring and / or heating device may also be provided in the gas-liquid separator 17 to facilitate the precipitation of hydrogen in the gas-liquid separator 17 and discharge it from the gas-liquid separator 17.

[0074] Figure 9 FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system can be used as an application mode of the above-mentioned wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device, or other wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production devices can also be used.

[0075] As Figure 9 shown, the wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system includes: a wastewater membrane filtration and concentration device 2, which is used for membrane filtration and concentration treatment of wastewater to obtain clear water and concentrated water respectively; a first water electrolysis hydrogen production device 3, which is a wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device and is used for purifying treatment and electrolysis hydrogen production of the concentrated water; wherein, the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device includes a housing, an anode, a cathode and an exhaust structure, the anode is installed in the housing and is used for oxidizing wastewater through anodic electrochemical reaction, the cathode is installed in the housing and is used for generating hydrogen through cathodic electrochemical reaction, and the exhaust structure is installed on the housing and is used for outputting the hydrogen generated by the cathode out of the housing.

[0076] In an alternative embodiment, the first water electrolysis hydrogen production device 3 may adopt Figures 1-5 the wastewater electrolysis hydrogen production device shown.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, the wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system includes a second water electrolysis hydrogen production device 4, which is an alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, and the second water electrolysis hydrogen production device 4 is used for electrolysis hydrogen production using the clear water.

[0078] In an alternative embodiment, the wastewater membrane filtration and concentration device 2 includes a low-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device 21 and a high-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device 22. The concentrated water output end of the low-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device is connected to the input end of the high-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device, and the concentrated water output end of the high-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device is connected to the input end of the first water electrolysis hydrogen production device.

[0079] In an alternative embodiment, the wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system includes a second water electrolysis hydrogen production device 4, which is an alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, and the clear water output end of the low-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device is connected to the input end of the second water electrolysis hydrogen production device.

[0080] In an alternative embodiment, a pure water preparation device is connected between the clear water output end of the low-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device and the input end of the second water electrolysis hydrogen production device.

[0081] In an alternative embodiment, the wastewater membrane filtration and concentration device 2 includes an ultrafiltration membrane filtration device 23, and the output end of the ultrafiltration membrane filtration device is connected to the input end of the low-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device.

[0082] In an alternative embodiment, the high-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device 22 adopts a disc tube reverse osmosis filtration device; the low-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device 21 adopts a spiral wound reverse osmosis filtration device.

[0083] In an alternative embodiment, the fresh water of the high-pressure reverse osmosis filtration device 22 is used for reuse or for electrolytic hydrogen production by a second water electrolysis hydrogen production device.

[0084] The above wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system first performs membrane filtration and concentration treatment on the wastewater through the wastewater membrane filtration and concentration device 2 to obtain fresh water and concentrated water respectively, and then the concentrated water is purified and electrolytically hydrogen-produced through the wastewater electrolytic hydrogen production device 3. Since the treatment volume of the concentrated water is greatly reduced, the operating cost and floor area of the wastewater electrolytic hydrogen production device can be reduced. Since the wastewater electrolytic hydrogen production device has strong adaptability to saline wastewater, the desalination efficiency of the concentrated water can be ensured. The above wastewater treatment and hydrogen production system is particularly applicable to low-salt wastewater (TDS value ≤ 3000 mg / L).

[0085] The above describes the relevant content of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Based on the above content of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of patent protection.

Claims

1. An electrode material, characterized in that: The electrode material is used to fabricate the cathode of a water electrolysis hydrogen production device; The cathode has a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, the hollow structure has an opening, the hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen; It includes a composite layer structure fabricated integrally, and in the inner - outer direction of the cathode, the composite layer structure has a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer arranged from the inside out; The cathode layer is a porous body with densely distributed pores, and this porous body is used to connect to a power source; The diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer.

2. The electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode layer is a porous body with densely distributed three - dimensional connected pores, and the porous body belongs to a metal porous material.

3. The electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal porous material includes a sintered metal porous material; And / or, the metal porous material includes an intermetallic compound porous material; And / or, the metal porous material includes a nickel - based metal porous material.

4. The electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm material includes an inorganic membrane; And / or, the diaphragm material includes any one of a ceramic membrane, a polymer - ceramic membrane hybrid, and a nanocomposite membrane; And / or, the diaphragm layer itself and / or between the diaphragm layer and the cathode layer form an asymmetric composite layer structure; And / or, the diaphragm material includes alumina ceramic or silicon nitride ceramic.

5. A cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, characterized in that: It has a hollow structure with a shell layer and a hollow layer, and the hollow structure has an opening; The shell layer includes a cathode layer and a diaphragm layer fabricated integrally and arranged from the inside out; The cathode layer is a porous body with densely distributed pores, and this porous body is used to connect to a power source; The diaphragm layer is made of a diaphragm material attached to the outer surface of the cathode layer to form a diaphragm; The hollow layer provides a hydrogen output channel, and the opening is used to output hydrogen.

6. The cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cathode layer is a porous body with densely distributed three - dimensional connected pores, and the porous body belongs to a metal porous material.

7. The cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The metal porous material includes a sintered metal porous material; And / or, the metal porous material includes an intermetallic compound porous material; And / or, the metal porous material includes a nickel - based metal porous material.

8. The cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diaphragm material includes an inorganic membrane; And / or, the diaphragm material includes any one of a ceramic membrane, a polymer - ceramic membrane hybrid, and a nanocomposite membrane; And / or, the diaphragm layer itself and / or between the diaphragm layer and the cathode layer form an asymmetric composite layer structure; And / or, the diaphragm material includes alumina ceramic or silicon nitride ceramic.

9. The cathode for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hollow structure is a plate - shaped hollow structure or a tubular hollow structure; The opening is provided on the side wall of the plate-shaped hollow structure that forms the thickness of the plate-shaped hollow structure, or the opening is provided at the end of the tubular hollow structure.

10. A method for manufacturing a cathode for a hydrogen production device by water electrolysis, characterized in that: Comprising: obtaining a first powder, and loading the first powder into a compression molding die to be compression molded into a hollow blank; putting the hollow blank into a heating furnace for first sintering to obtain a sintered metal porous material, and three-dimensionally interconnected pores are densely distributed on the sintered metal porous material; coating a second powder on the outer surface of the sintered metal porous material, and then putting the sintered metal porous material coated with the second powder into a heating furnace for second sintering to form a diaphragm layer from the second powder, and the diaphragm layer serves as a diaphragm during use.

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