Rare earth electrolytic cell based on electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electrolytic cells, and discloses a rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field optimization guiding structure, which comprises an electrode system, the electrode system is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of a cell body, the electrode system comprises a fixed plate arranged on the inner wall of the cell body, one end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with a fixed support, an electrode group is arranged on the outer wall of the fixed support, the electrode group comprises arc-shaped electrodes which are separately arranged, and the arc-shaped electrodes are equidistantly separated from each other during an electrolysis starting stage and a metal outputting stage. The electrode group is arranged, the structure of the electrode group is changed from a traditional single fixed mode to multiple arc-shaped structures, when the arc-shaped electrodes are in a closed circular shape, the electric field generated by the arc-shaped electrodes is more uniform, the ions in molten salt are uniformly moved, the local concentration difference is reduced, the risk of forming dendrites is reduced, the uniformity and purity of rare earth metal deposition are improved, in the unfolded state, the arc-shaped electrodes are equidistantly dispersed, the current is distributed in a larger area, and the starting time is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrolytic cell technology, and more specifically to a rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of science and technology, rare earth electrolytic cells will continue to make breakthroughs in energy saving, consumption reduction, production efficiency improvement, and product quality improvement. The electromagnetic field guiding structure of rare earth electrolytic cells mainly refers to the distribution of electromagnetic fields in the electrolytic cell in a certain direction and pattern through specific devices and designs to meet the needs of the rare earth electrolysis process.

[0003] The electrode structures widely used in existing technologies are single and fixed. A single electrode structure generates a relatively uniform electric and current field, making it difficult to effectively stir and mix the molten salt in the electrolytic cell. This easily leads to uneven ion concentration distribution in the molten salt, thus affecting the quality and purity of the electrolytic products. Furthermore, due to uneven current distribution, significant differences in current density occur in different areas of the electrode structure surface, causing some areas to overreact while others underreact. This not only reduces electrolysis efficiency but may also cause severe localized wear and tear on the electrode structure, shortening its lifespan. Additionally, a single electrode structure is prone to overheating under large current loads, which not only accelerates the aging of the electrode material but may also pose safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a rare earth electrolyzer based on an electromagnetic field-optimized guiding structure, which can effectively solve the problem that the simple electrode system structure of existing technologies makes it difficult to handle rare earth electrolysis.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a rare earth electrolyzer based on an electromagnetic field-optimized guiding structure, comprising:

[0008] Tank body;

[0009] An electrode system is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the tank. The electrode system includes a fixed plate arranged on the inner wall of the tank. A fixed bracket is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed plate. An electrode group is arranged on the outer wall of the fixed bracket. The electrode group includes separately arranged arc-shaped electrodes. During the electrolysis start-up stage and the metal extraction stage, the arc-shaped electrodes are equidistant from each other. When the electrolysis enters the steady state stage, the arc-shaped electrodes are brought together to form a closed circle.

[0010] The inner wall of the fixed bracket is provided with a connecting plate for positioning the arc-shaped electrode.

[0011] Furthermore, the top of the fixed bracket is provided with a movable groove, and a connecting rod is movably connected to the inner wall of the movable groove. One side of the top of the connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the connecting plate. The top of the connecting plate is symmetrically provided with limit grooves, and a reinforcing block is movably connected to the side of the limit groove.

[0012] Furthermore, a positioning block is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the arc-shaped electrode, and an arc-shaped block that engages with the limiting groove is provided at the bottom end of the positioning block.

[0013] Furthermore, a protective layer is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the electrode assembly with the positioning block as the center. A channel is opened in the middle of the protective layer, and the inner wall of the channel is slidably connected to the side of the connecting rod.

[0014] Furthermore, a track is provided at the other end of the fixed plate, the middle of the track is connected to the middle of the fixed bracket, and a controller for driving the linkage is provided in the middle of the fixed bracket.

[0015] Furthermore, a limiting strip is provided on the side of the reinforcing block near the limiting groove, and the limiting strip is in close contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped block.

[0016] Furthermore, the movable groove adopts a dovetail-shaped design.

[0017] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0018] This invention features an electrode assembly, whose structure transforms from a traditional single fixed pattern to multiple arc-shaped structures, exhibiting unique advantages. Multiple arc-shaped electrodes can be flexibly arranged into a closed circular electrode assembly. This structure significantly optimizes the distribution of the electric and flow fields. When the arc-shaped electrodes form a closed circle, the generated electric field is more uniform, promoting uniform ion movement within the molten salt, reducing local concentration differences, lowering the risk of dendrite formation, and improving the uniformity and purity of rare earth metal deposition.

[0019] After the arc-shaped electrodes of this invention are deployed, a gradually narrowing to gradually expanding channel is formed between adjacent arc-shaped electrodes, similar to a nozzle structure. The molten salt is driven by electromagnetic force, Lorentz force and pressure gradient to flow from the periphery of the tank to the center. It is accelerated through the gap between the arc-shaped electrodes. When the molten salt enters the narrowing section, the cross-sectional area decreases, the flow velocity increases, and the kinetic energy increases. Due to the Bernoulli effect, the static pressure decreases, forming a local low-pressure zone, which attracts the surrounding molten salt to replenish it. At the narrowest point of the channel, the flow velocity reaches its peak and enters a turbulent state. The high shear force breaks up the ion clusters in the molten salt and promotes ion diffusion. After the molten salt enters the expanding section, the flow velocity decreases, and the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. The high-speed jet collides with the surrounding low-speed molten salt to form a vortex ring structure, which enhances the mixing of the entire domain.

[0020] During the metal extraction stage, the arc-shaped electrode of the present invention is dispersed, which can better expose the metal deposited on the arc-shaped electrode, making it easier for operators to collect the material. Compared with the closed state, the dispersed arc-shaped electrode allows the metal to fall more easily from the surface of the arc-shaped electrode under the action of gravity and fall into the collection container, improving the efficiency and integrity of metal collection, reducing metal residue, and thus improving the metal recovery rate. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of the front and back sides of the arc-shaped electrode system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped electrode in the extension and retraction state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the railing structure connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped electrode structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Tank; 2. Electrode system; 21. Fixing plate; 22. Track; 23. Fixing bracket; 231. Movable groove; 232. Connecting rod; 233. Connecting plate; 235. Reinforcing block; 236. Limiting groove; 237. Controller; 24. Electrode group; 241. Arc electrode; 242. Protective layer; 243. Channel; 245. Positioning block. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0032] Example:

[0033] Please see Figures 1-7 This invention provides a rare earth electrolyzer technology solution based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure:

[0034] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The device includes a tank 1 for holding molten salt, an electrode system 2 is provided on the inner wall of the tank 1, the electrode system 2 includes a fixing plate 21 provided on the inner wall of the tank 1, a track 22 is provided at one end of the fixing plate 21 near the inner wall of the tank 1, the middle of the track 22 is connected to the middle of the fixing bracket 23, and an electrode group 24 is provided on the outer wall of the fixing bracket 23.

[0035] In the field of rare earth electrolysis, the existing single closed circular electrode assembly 24 has significant limitations. Its structural characteristics make it difficult to achieve uniform current distribution and result in significant edge effects, causing large differences in current density on the surface of the arc electrode 241. This not only reduces electrolysis efficiency but also affects the consistency and stability of product quality. The fixed panel shape means that the contact area between the arc electrode 241 and the electrolyte is fixed, limiting mass transfer and resulting in insufficient utilization of active sites, which exacerbates the waste of arc electrode 241 material. When the arc electrode 241 is worn out or its performance deteriorates, the indivisible nature of the overall structure requires complete replacement, which is not only complex and time-consuming but also increases maintenance costs and downtime. In addition, facing different operating conditions such as raw material fluctuations and process upgrades, the single closed circular electrode assembly 24 is difficult to adapt through structural adjustments, which greatly limits the optimization and innovation of the electrolysis process and makes it difficult to meet the high-efficiency, stable, and flexible production requirements of modern rare earth electrolysis. Therefore, this invention adopts an electrode assembly 24 design.

[0036] refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6The electrode assembly 24 includes separately arranged arc-shaped electrodes 241. During the electrolysis start-up stage and the metal extraction stage, the arc-shaped electrodes 241 are equidistant from each other. When the electrolysis enters the steady state stage, the arc-shaped electrodes 241 are brought together to form a closed circle. A positioning block 245 is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the arc-shaped electrode 241. The bottom end of the positioning block 245 is provided with an arc-shaped block that engages with the limiting groove 236. A protective layer 242 is symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the electrode assembly 24 with the positioning block 245 as the center. A groove 243 is opened in the middle of the protective layer 242. The inner wall of the groove 243 is slidably connected to the side of the connecting rod 232.

[0037] The electrode group 24, composed of multiple arc-shaped electrodes 241, is arranged in a larger area frame by reasonable arrangement, which increases the contact area between the arc-shaped electrodes 241 and the electrolyte. This allows for more sufficient contact between the electrolyte and the arc-shaped electrodes 241, enabling more rare earth ions to react on the surface of the arc-shaped electrodes 241, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency.

[0038] Multiple separate arc-shaped electrodes 241 make the current density within the tank 1 more uniform. In contrast, the closed circular electrode group 24 may have edge effects, resulting in uneven current distribution. The closed circular electrode group 24 composed of multiple arc-shaped electrodes 241 can effectively reduce this situation, allowing the electrolysis reaction to proceed more uniformly on the surface of the closed circular electrode group 24, improving current efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0039] In different areas of tank 1, the composition and temperature of the electrolyte may vary. By individually controlling the current, voltage, and other parameters of the arc electrode 241 in the corresponding area, the electrolysis process becomes more stable and controllable, which helps to improve the consistency of product quality. The working status of each arc electrode 241 can be detected individually, and faulty arc electrodes 241 can be quickly identified and replaced or repaired, unlike a single circular plate electrode group 24, where the entire electrode group 24 needs to be dealt with once a problem occurs. This shortens maintenance time and improves equipment utilization.

[0040] The electrode group 24, composed of multiple arc-shaped electrodes 241, can be flexibly designed according to the shape and size of the tank 1. Different sizes and shapes of arc-shaped electrodes 241 can be used at different positions according to the actual current distribution and reaction requirements, avoiding the material waste that may exist in the closed circular electrode group 24 and reducing the material cost of the arc-shaped electrodes 241.

[0041] Because the current distribution is more uniform, the current load on each arc electrode 241 is relatively small, which helps to reduce the wear and corrosion of the arc electrode 241 and extend its service life. The extended service life of the arc electrode 241 means that the frequency of replacing the arc electrode 241 is reduced, thereby reducing the downtime and related costs caused by replacing the arc electrode 241, including labor costs, material costs and losses caused by production interruption.

[0042] Because the smaller arc-shaped electrode 241 is less likely to be contaminated during processing, transportation and installation, it is less likely to introduce impurities compared to the large closed circular electrode assembly 24, thus helping to improve the purity of rare earth metals and improve product quality.

[0043] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 7 The inner wall of the fixed bracket 23 is provided with a connecting plate 233 for positioning the arc-shaped electrode 241. The top of the fixed bracket 23 is provided with a movable groove 231, which adopts a dovetail design. A connecting rod 232 is movably connected to the inner wall of the movable groove 231.

[0044] In the rare earth electrolysis process, there are significant differences in the physicochemical state and process objectives at different stages of start-up, steady state, and metal extraction. Therefore, the magnetic field structure needs to be dynamically adjusted to adapt to the requirements of each stage.

[0045] During the electrolysis start-up phase, multiple arc-shaped electrodes 241 can be quickly dispersed and kept at equal distances from each other. This arrangement allows the current to be distributed over a larger area, rapidly and uniformly agitating the molten salt, accelerating the heating of the molten salt and ion activation. The molten salt needs to be heated from a solid state to a molten state, which shortens the start-up time. A polarization layer begins to form on the surface of the arc-shaped electrodes 241. The initial current density is low, the molten salt viscosity is high, the fluidity is poor, and temperature stratification is prone to occur. Electromagnetic stirring accelerates heat transfer, reduces the start-up time, improves the temperature uniformity of the molten salt, and enhances the initial current efficiency.

[0046] Upon entering the steady-state stage, the arc-shaped electrode 241 re-forms into a closed circle. At this point, the uniform electric field and stable flow field help maintain the stability of the electrolysis process and reduce energy consumption. When the electrolytic cell with this structure is running in steady state, its energy consumption is further reduced compared to the traditional electrolytic cell. During this process, the molten salt is completely melted, the electrolysis reaction rate is stable, the arc-shaped electrode 241 continuously deposits metal, the anolyte gas is released stably, moderate stirring is maintained, excessive turbulence is avoided to prevent metal inclusions, the current density is improved to be uniform, the edge effect is suppressed, dendrite growth is prevented, the deposition layer of the arc-shaped electrode 241 is ensured to be dense, the porosity is reduced, dendrite formation is suppressed, and the density of the metal layer is improved.

[0047] During the metal extraction stage, the arc-shaped electrodes 241 expand rapidly and separate again, and are evenly distributed. By adjusting the current of different arc-shaped electrodes 241, the electromagnetic force can be precisely controlled to facilitate the smooth flow of metal. At the same time, it reduces interference to other areas in the electrolytic cell and ensures the stability of the remaining molten salt and the arc-shaped electrodes 241. During this process, the metal deposited on the arc-shaped electrodes 241 reaches a certain thickness. At this time, the melt level drops, the metal droplets gather, and the dispersed metal droplets merge, which facilitates mechanical removal. The melt surface is stable, preventing the metal from oxidizing due to violent fluctuations in the liquid level.

[0048] In this invention, the single fixed electrode group 24 is replaced with multiple arc-shaped electrode modules 241, which have two states: in the closed state, the arc-shaped electrodes 241 form a circle, creating a uniform electric field; in the unfolded state, the arc-shaped electrodes 241 quickly separate into an equidistant distribution, enhancing molten salt stirring. Multiple arc-shaped electrodes 241 can flexibly form a closed circular electrode group 24, a structure that significantly optimizes the electric and flow field distribution. When the arc-shaped electrodes 241 are in a closed circle, the generated electric field is more uniform, promoting uniform ion movement within the molten salt, reducing local concentration differences, lowering the risk of dendrite formation, and improving the uniformity and purity of rare earth metal deposition. The closed circular electrode group 24 can effectively reduce edge effects and lower the coefficient of variation in current density distribution.

[0049] In the unfolded state, the gap between the arc-shaped electrode 241 forms a jet channel, increasing the molten salt flow rate. In addition to suppressing dendrite formation, the periodic unfolding and closing action can mechanically shear the dendrites, reducing the probability of nucleation. The ion concentration is balanced, and dynamic stirring reduces the concentration standard deviation.

[0050] After the electrode group 24 is deployed, a gradually narrowing to gradually expanding channel is formed between adjacent arc-shaped electrodes 241, similar to a nozzle structure. The molten salt is driven by electromagnetic force, Lorentz force and pressure gradient to flow from the periphery of the tank 1 to the center. It is accelerated through the gap between the arc-shaped electrodes 241. When the molten salt enters the narrowing section, the cross-sectional area decreases, the flow velocity increases, and the kinetic energy increases. Due to the Bernoulli effect, the static pressure decreases, forming a local low-pressure zone, which attracts the surrounding molten salt to replenish it. At the narrowest point of the channel, the flow velocity reaches its peak and enters a turbulent state. The high shear force breaks up the ion clusters in the molten salt and promotes ion diffusion. After the molten salt enters the expanding section, the flow velocity decreases and the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. The high-speed jet collides with the surrounding low-speed molten salt to form a vortex ring structure, which enhances the mixing of the entire domain.

[0051] Jet stirring reduces the standard deviation of concentration distribution in molten salt, decreases the thickness of the diffusion layer on the cathode surface, and increases the ion mass transfer rate. Shear stress in the jet core region directly strips micron-sized dendrites, resulting in a reduced dendrite density as observed in experiments. Turbulent disturbance reduces the fluctuation in the thickness of the metal deposition layer. If a horizontal magnetic field is superimposed, the jet direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field, generating additional electromagnetic force that drives the molten salt rotational angular velocity. The jet kinetic energy and electromagnetic stirring work together to reduce the total energy consumption. Compared with the jet channel formed by the gap between the arc electrodes 241 in the single electromagnetic stirring deployment state, the molten salt flow, ion mass transfer, and metal deposition process are systematically optimized through a chain mechanism of fluid acceleration-turbulent mixing-shear stripping.

[0052] The conditions for triggering dispersion and closure are as follows: During the startup phase, when the temperature is greater than 700℃ and the current is stable, the arc electrode 241 closes; during the metal extraction phase, when the metal thickness is greater than the set thickness, the arc electrode 241 disperses. In the metal extraction phase, the dispersion of the arc electrode 241 can better expose the metal deposited on the arc electrode 241, making it easier for operators to collect the material. Compared with the closed state, the dispersed arc electrode 241 allows the metal to fall more easily from the surface of the arc electrode 241 under the action of gravity and fall into the collection container, improving the efficiency and integrity of metal collection, reducing metal residue, and thus improving the metal recovery rate.

[0053] The change from a closed to a dispersed arc-shaped electrode 241 alters the spatial structure within the electrolytic cell, allowing for smoother electrolyte flow. During electrolysis, the electrolyte needs continuous circulation to ensure uniform composition, stable temperature, and timely replenishment of consumed ions. The dispersed arc-shaped electrode 241 enhances electrolyte convection, making mass and energy transfer within the electrolytic cell more efficient. This helps maintain the stability of the electrolysis process, improving electrolysis efficiency and product quality.

[0054] After the arc-shaped electrode 241 is dispersed, the current distribution is more uniform, and the heat can be dissipated more evenly throughout the electrolytic cell, reducing the risk of localized overheating. This not only helps extend the service life of components such as the electrolytic cell lining and the arc-shaped electrode 241, but also reduces the possibility of safety accidents caused by overheating, improving the safety of the production process.

[0055] The dispersed arc-shaped electrodes 241 improve visibility inside the electrolytic cell, allowing operators to more easily observe the surface condition of the arc-shaped electrodes 241, such as metal deposition and whether the electrodes are damaged. Simultaneously, it facilitates inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of the electrolytic cell's interior, enabling timely detection and handling of potential problems, ensuring normal operation of the electrolytic cell, reducing downtime, and improving production efficiency.

[0056] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6The top of the connecting rod 232 is connected to the bottom of the connecting plate 233. The top of the connecting plate 233 is symmetrically provided with limit grooves 236. A reinforcing block 235 is movably connected to the side of the limit groove 236. A controller 237 for driving the connecting rod 232 is provided in the middle of the fixed bracket 23. A limit strip is provided on the side of the reinforcing block 235 near the limit groove 236. The limit strip is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the arc block. By moving the reinforcing block 235, the connection state between the limit strip and the arc block can be changed, enabling quick disassembly and installation.

[0057] During electrolysis, the electrode assembly 24 is subject to corrosion and wear due to prolonged immersion in the electrolyte, requiring regular maintenance or replacement. The movable reinforcing block 235 enables rapid disassembly, allowing maintenance personnel to quickly remove the arc-shaped electrode 241 from the tank 1 without spending considerable time dismantling complex fixing devices. This significantly reduces maintenance time and minimizes the impact of equipment downtime on production.

[0058] Quick disassembly helps reduce maintenance costs. On the one hand, it reduces the working time and labor intensity of maintenance personnel, thus lowering labor costs; on the other hand, because the arc electrode 241 can be repaired or replaced in a timely manner, it avoids damage to other components caused by damage to the arc electrode 241, reducing additional maintenance costs.

[0059] When the arc electrode 241 malfunctions, quick disassembly and replacement with a new arc electrode 241 allows tank 1 to rapidly resume normal operation, ensuring continuous production. Compared to the traditional fixed arc electrode 241, there is no need for lengthy disassembly and installation processes, effectively improving production efficiency.

[0060] The movable reinforcement block 235 facilitates regular maintenance of the arc electrode 241. Depending on the production situation and equipment operation, the arc electrode 241 can be disassembled periodically for inspection, cleaning and maintenance, so as to promptly identify and deal with potential problems, ensuring that the arc electrode 241 is always in good working condition, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the electrolysis process and indirectly improving production efficiency.

[0061] In rare earth electrolysis production, the capacity and product specifications of tank 1 may be adjusted according to market demand or process improvement requirements. By quickly disassembling the arc electrode 241 through the movable reinforcing block 235, arc electrodes 241 of different sizes, shapes, or materials can be easily replaced to adapt to different production needs, enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment.

[0062] With the continuous development of technology, it may be necessary to upgrade and modify electrolysis equipment. The movable reinforcing block 235 makes the disassembly of the arc electrode 241 more convenient, which is conducive to the optimization design of the arc electrode 241 or its replacement with more advanced arc electrode 241 materials and structures during equipment upgrades, thereby improving the performance and competitiveness of the equipment and supporting the sustainable development of enterprises.

[0063] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field-optimized guiding structure, characterized in that, include: Tank (1); Electrode system (2), the electrode system (2) is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of tank (1), the electrode system (2) includes a fixing plate (21) arranged on the inner wall of tank (1), a fixing bracket (23) is fixedly connected to one end of the fixing plate (21), an electrode group (24) is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing bracket (23), the electrode group (24) includes separately arranged arc-shaped electrodes (241), during the electrolysis start-up stage and the metal extraction stage, the arc-shaped electrodes (241) are equidistant from each other, and when the electrolysis enters the steady state stage, the arc-shaped electrodes (241) are close together to form a closed circle; The inner wall of the fixed bracket (23) is provided with a connecting plate (233) for positioning the arc-shaped electrode (241), and the top of the connecting plate (233) is symmetrically provided with limiting grooves (236); A positioning block (245) is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the arc-shaped electrode (241), and an arc-shaped block that engages with the limiting groove (236) is provided at the bottom end of the positioning block (245). The bottom of the electrode assembly (24) is symmetrically provided with a protective layer (242) centered on the positioning block (245). A channel (243) is provided in the middle of the protective layer (242), and the inner wall of the channel (243) is slidably connected to the side of the connecting rod (232). The fixed bracket (23) has a movable groove (231) at its top. A connecting rod (232) is movably connected to the inner wall of the movable groove (231). One side of the top of the connecting rod (232) is connected to the bottom of the connecting plate (233). A reinforcing block (235) is movably connected to the side of the limiting groove (236).

2. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the fixed plate (21) is provided with a track (22), the middle of the track (22) is connected to the middle of the fixed bracket (23), and the middle of the fixed bracket (23) is provided with a controller (237) for driving the linkage (232) to move.

3. The rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field optimized guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing block (235) is provided with a limiting strip on the side near the limiting groove (236), and the limiting strip is in close contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped block.

4. A rare earth electrolytic cell based on an electromagnetic field-optimized guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable groove (231) adopts a dovetail design.

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