Building thermal insulation layer anchoring method adopting composite material
By using an anchoring method that combines FRP rib anchor bolts and pallet bodies, the problems of large heat loss and insufficient anchoring force in the traditional anchoring method are solved, and the efficient energy saving and long-term stability of the building insulation layer are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410073431.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing building insulation layer materials are difficult to meet the needs of high standards in terms of energy saving, fire protection, waterproofing and long-term stability. The traditional anchoring method leads to large heat loss and insufficient anchoring force, and the plastic expansion pipe + steel nail structure is prone to aging, making it difficult to achieve the energy-saving goals of modern buildings.
Fibre reinforced resin composite material (FRP) reinforced anchor bolts are used to avoid the use of metal materials with high thermal conductivity. By combining with the pallet body, it forms an anchor bolt assembly, penetrates the insulation layer and penetrates deep into the base wall, reducing the thermal cross-sectional area, enhancing anchoring force and durability.
It effectively reduces the heat loss caused by anchor bolts, improves anchoring force and durability, ensures the long-term stability of the insulation layer, and supports the building to achieve energy-saving goals.
Smart Images
Figure CN120331382A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building thermal insulation layers, and specifically relates to an anchoring method for building thermal insulation layers using composite materials. Background Art
[0002] In 1986, China promulgated and began to implement the first industry standard aimed at promoting building energy conservation, "Design Standard for Energy Conservation of Civil Buildings (Heating Residential Buildings Part)" (JGJ26-86), marking the official start of China's building energy conservation work. Currently, nearly 1 to 2 billion square meters of new urban and rural buildings are constructed annually across the country, of which public buildings account for approximately 300 to 400 million square meters. Existing buildings exceed 60 billion square meters, and more than 50% are high-energy-consuming buildings.
[0003] Currently, building energy consumption in China has approached 1 / 4 of the total national energy consumption and will gradually increase to 1 / 3. Therefore, building thermal insulation layers tend to be thicker and have higher technical content.
[0004] To ensure the safety of buildings, necessary fire prevention measures must be taken to endow them with a certain fire resistance, so that even in the event of a fire, too much loss will not be caused. Usually, the fire resistance of buildings is represented by the fire resistance rating. China's current code selects the floor slab as the benchmark for determining the fire resistance limit rating. The "Code for Fire Protection Design of Tall Buildings" divides the fire resistance ratings of tall civil buildings into Class I and Class II; the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" is divided into Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV, with Class I being the highest and Class IV being the lowest.
[0005] There is currently no specific requirement for the waterproof grade of building exterior walls. Building waterproofing is generally designed according to the understanding of the design institute, referring to four categories of building waterproofing specifications. However, most residential exterior walls are designed with special waterproofing. The code divides buildings into four categories as follows: Category I buildings are particularly important buildings, such as museums, libraries, memorial halls, exhibition halls, archives, and particularly important laboratories. The waterproof service life is 25 years, and the waterproofing requirements are: three or more layers of waterproofing; Category II buildings are important buildings. Such as airport terminals, railway station waiting halls, star-rated hotels, cinemas, hospitals, large shopping malls, and warehouses storing important materials. The waterproof service life is 15 years, and the waterproofing requirements are: two layers of waterproofing; Category III buildings are ordinary industrial and civil buildings. Such as office buildings, residences, industrial factories, school buildings, and general warehouses. The waterproof service life is 10 years; the waterproofing requirements are: one layer of waterproofing.
[0006] Although researchers at home and abroad have been working hard to break through the technical problems of weight reduction, flame retardancy, and cost control of thermal insulation materials, there is currently no single material on the market that can simultaneously meet the usage requirements of the external thermal insulation layer of high-rise buildings in northern regions in terms of energy-saving insulation (energy-saving standards of 75% or 85%), fire safety, waterproofing, long-term stability, and cost.
[0007] The only solution is to composite functional layers with functions such as thermal insulation, waterproofing, and fireproofing with higher standards into a composite functional layer. However, in this case, the weight of the composite functional layer has increased significantly.
[0008] The thermal insulation layer installation technology used in the past was as follows: drill holes in the wall, insert plastic expansion tubes with trays into the holes, and then drive steel nails into the reserved holes in the center of the plastic expansion tubes to expand the plastic expansion tubes and squeeze the hole walls on the wall to achieve anchoring by friction, and mainly rely on steel nails to bear tensile and shear loads.
[0009] With the significant increase in the weight of the composite functional layer, several problems have emerged in the structure of plastic expansion tubes + steel nails: First of all, the steel nails must extend from near the outermost part of the composite thermal insulation layer to the interior of the wall, otherwise they cannot effectively bear the tensile and shear loads. However, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the steel nails reaches k_steel = 40 - 50 W / (m·K), the diameter is 6 mm, and 10 steel nails are required per square meter of the composite thermal insulation layer. Then the cross-sectional area of the steel nails per square meter of the exterior wall reaches S_steel = 0.0002826 m², and the heat transfer of the steel nails per square meter of the composite thermal insulation layer is: Q_steel = k_steel × S_steel = 0.0113 - 0.01413 (W·m) / K; the thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation polystyrene board is k_benzene = 0.03 W / (m·K), and the heat transfer of the thermal insulation polystyrene board per square meter of the composite thermal insulation layer is: Q_benzene = k_benzene × 1 = 0.03 (W·m) / K. The additional heat loss caused by the steel nails Q_steel / Q_benzene = 37.67 - 47.1%, that is: the existence of the steel nails increases the energy loss of the exterior wall thermal insulation layer of modern buildings by 37.67 - 47.1%. One of the goals of China's dual-carbon goal is to achieve energy conservation of 75% - 95% for new and existing buildings. The thermal insulation layer installation technology of plastic expansion tubes + steel nails seriously hinders the achievement of this goal.
[0010] Secondly, the anchoring force of the structure of plastic expansion tubes + steel nails can no longer meet the requirements, and the tensile strength is small. The current national standard stipulates that the tensile strength of a single anchor bolt F ≥ 0.6 KN. According to the existing technology, to achieve energy conservation of 75% - 95% in buildings, the total thickness of the composite thermal insulation layer needs to reach about 250 mm, and the total anchoring force of 10 anchor bolts per square meter is 6 KN, which is difficult to be stable for a long time. The weak point lies in the insufficient strength of the all-plastic tray integrally formed with the plastic expansion tube.
[0011] Thirdly, both the plastic expansion tube and the all-plastic tray integrally formed with it are products of thermoplastic polymer materials. Creep (a phenomenon in which the strain continues to increase over time) will occur after being stressed. Creep causes the plastic structure to deform continuously and the bearing capacity to decrease; aging will occur during long-term service, making its strength lower and lower. After a certain number of years, the strength decline is serious, the anchoring will fail, and the composite functional layer is prone to falling off and other phenomena, causing economic losses and endangering environmental safety, resulting in the composite functional layer not being able to have the same lifespan as the building.
[0012] In northern China, the requirements for modern energy conservation are getting higher and higher. Generally, the index is based on a 490-mm-thick brick-concrete solid wall. If the heat dissipation loss of the energy-saving building wall is reduced by 75%, it is called 75% energy conservation, and so on.
[0013] FRP reinforcement materials are a kind of composite material with thermosetting resin as the matrix and fibers as the reinforcing phase, including: GFRP reinforcement materials are composite materials with thermosetting resin as the matrix and glass fibers as the reinforcing phase; AFRP reinforcement materials are composite materials with thermosetting resin as the matrix and aramid fibers as the reinforcing phase; BFRP reinforcement materials are composite materials with thermosetting resin as the matrix and basalt fibers as the reinforcing phase.
[0014] GFRP reinforcement materials are the most commonly used and have the highest cost performance. Their thermal conductivity is kG = 0.712 - 1.34 W / (m·K). If the diameter of the reinforcement bolt is 10 mm and 10 FRP reinforcement bolts are required per square meter of the insulation layer, the cross-sectional area occupied by GFRP reinforcement materials per square meter of the exterior wall is SG = 0.000785 m2. The heat transfer caused by GFRP reinforcement bolts per square meter of the wall is: QG = kG × SG = 0.0006 - 0.0011 (W·m) / K; the thermal conductivity of the insulating polystyrene board is k benzene = 0.03 W / (m·K), and the heat transfer of the insulating polystyrene board per square meter of the wall is: Q benzene = k benzene × S benzene = 0.03 (W·m) / K. The additional heat loss caused by GFRP reinforcement materials QG / Q benzene = 2 - 3.7%. Obviously, using GFRP reinforcement bolts to replace the insulation layer anchoring method of plastic expansion tubes + steel nails is of decisive significance for achieving 75% - 95% energy conservation in modern buildings.
[0015] CN 201921912117.1 discloses "External wall external insulation device for building energy conservation renovation". The diameters of the installation hole 11 and the through hole 15 are both ten millimeters, and the fixing bolt 8 is threadedly connected to the insulation board 2, the mesh cloth board 3, and the moisture absorption and sound insulation board 4. The fixing bolt 8 is inserted into the installation hole 11 from the outside and sequentially passes through the moisture absorption and sound insulation board 4, the polystyrene board 12, the polyurethane board 13, the mesh cloth board 3, and the extruded polystyrene board 14 in a spiral manner and extends into the interior of the wall 1, and then is fixed to it by threading.
[0016] CN 01103568.4 discloses "External wall external insulation and energy conservation technology for building exterior wall hanging boards". One of the technical features is the use of non-metallic expansion bolts (abbreviated as FP bolts), with SBS (engineering plastic) selected for the bolt rod, nut, and washer, and another polyethylene material for the expansion tube.
[0017] This design selects SBS (engineering plastics) for the bolt rod, which can solve the "thermal bridge effect" problem. However, the low strength, low stiffness, and easy aging problems of SBS itself determine that it cannot meet the needs of modern composite insulation layer anchoring. Therefore, in view of the above problems, a building insulation layer anchoring method using composite materials is proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0018] The key to anchoring the composite insulation layer is to ensure firm and durable bonding with the wall, avoid using metal materials with high thermal conductivity coefficients inside the anchor bolts, and minimize the heat conduction cross-sectional area of the anchor bolts, thereby reducing the heat dissipation loss caused by the anchor bolts.
[0019] Therefore, this case designs an insulation layer anchoring method using composite materials.
[0020] The specific method is as follows: Using thermosetting resin as the matrix and low thermal conductivity reinforcing fibers as the reinforcing phase, a fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRP) bar anchor bolt is manufactured as the main structure of the anchor bolt that penetrates the insulation layer and extends into the base wall; the volume ratio of the internal reinforcing fibers is not less than 25%, at least 30% of the reinforcing fibers are oriented at an angle less than 5° to the length direction of the anchor bolt, the thermal conductivity k of the anchor bolt rod body is ≤2W / (m·K), the tensile strength is ≥300MPa, the shear strength is ≥60MPa, the bonding force F1 between the anchor bolt rod body and the base wall under the pulling action is ≥0.6KN, the bonding force F2 between the anchor bolt rod body and the tray body is ≥0.6KN, and under normal use conditions, after 70 years, the attenuation rate of the above indicators is not greater than 30%; The optimized design is that the reinforcing fibers of the fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRP) adopt inorganic non-metallic fiber materials or organic polymer materials without electronic heat conduction; the matrix resin adopts thermosetting organic resin, and it is in a cured state after manufacturing. Its microscopic change is that the thermosetting organic resin polymer crosslinks from a linear structure into a spatial three-dimensional structure, and the curing process is irreversible, and the aging speed in the natural environment is slow; the tray body is made of stainless steel material, and the anchor bolt assembly with the tray body is applied to the integrated formwork-free structure, which penetrates the insulation layer and extends into the concrete-cast base wall to play the role of firmly combining the insulation layer with the concrete-cast base wall; the integrated formwork-free structure has a removable formwork on one side and a formwork-free formwork on the other side; the length L of the anchor bolt assembly is not less than 110% of the thickness A of the insulation layer; the length B of the tray body does not exceed 90% of the thickness A of the insulation layer; The optimized design is that the reinforcing fibers of the FRP bar anchor bolt adopt glass fiber materials, that is: glass fiber-reinforced resin composite GFRP; The optimized design is that the reinforcing fibers of the FRP bar anchor bolt adopt basalt fiber materials, that is: basalt fiber-reinforced resin composite BFRP; The optimized design is that the reinforcing fiber of the FRP tendon bolt adopts an organic fiber material without electronic heat conduction, including aramid fiber, that is, aramid fiber reinforced resin composite material AFRP; The optimized design is that the outer cylindrical surface of the FRP tendon bolt has an external thread, and its external thread can cooperate with the internal thread of the external thread tray body to form an external thread bolt assembly with an external thread tray body; The optimized design is that the tray body is made of a thermosetting resin material and has excellent durability; The optimized design is that the tray body is made of FRP material and has excellent durability; The optimized design is that the tray body is an integral body composed of a fixed pipe and a tray. Description of the Drawings
[0021] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, form a part of this application, and the schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the bolt assembly of the present invention, which is an anchor bolt assembly formed by connecting an FRP tendon bolt and a tray body, and the tray body is composed of a tray and a fixed pipe as an integral body; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the anchor bolt assembly with a total length of L of the present invention penetrating a thermal insulation layer with a thickness of A, and B is the length of the tray body; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the demountable formwork on one side and the non-demountable formwork on the other side of the present invention and the cast-in-place base wall; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the external thread bolt assembly of the present invention, which is formed by connecting an external thread bolt assembly with a tray body, and the tray body is composed of a tray and an internal thread pipe as an integral body; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the external thread bolt assembly with a total length of M of the present invention penetrating a thermal insulation layer with a thickness of A and the length of the tray body; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the demountable formwork and the non-demountable formwork on the other side of the present invention and the cast-in-place base wall, and the external thread bolt assembly is used for anchoring.
[0022] Legend: 1. Demountable formwork; 2. Base wall; 3. Thermal insulation layer; 4. FRP tendon bolt; 5. Non-demountable formwork; 6. Tray; 7. Tray body; 8. Fixed pipe; 9. Bolt assembly; 10. External thread tray body; 11. Internal thread fixed pipe; 12. External thread bolt assembly. Detailed Embodiments
[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiment 1
[0024] Refer to Figures 1-3 , the FRP bar anchor bolt 4 is made of an organic fiber material without electronic heat conduction, the volume ratio of its internal reinforcing fibers is 25%, the direction of 30% of the reinforcing fibers forms an angle of less than 5° with the length direction of the anchor bolt, the thermal conductivity k of the anchor bolt rod body ≤ 2W / (m·K), the tensile strength ≥ 300MPa, the shear strength ≥ 60MPa, the bonding force F1 between the anchor bolt rod body and the base wall under the pulling action ≥ 0.6KN, and the bonding force F2 between the anchor bolt rod body and the tray body (7) ≥ 0.6KN; the tray body 7 is made of a thermosetting resin material; First step, connect the FRP bar anchor bolt 4 and the tray body 7 to form an anchor bolt assembly 9; Second step, penetrate the anchor bolt assembly 9 with a total length of L through the insulation layer 3 with a thickness of A in a direction with a perpendicularity error within the range of 90° ± 15°. The length L of the anchor bolt assembly 9 is 110% of the thickness A of the insulation layer 3, and the length B of the tray body 7 is 30% of the thickness A of the insulation layer 3; Third step, support the detachable formwork 1 on one side and the non-detachable formwork 5 on the other side, pour the base wall 2 to form a wall with the insulation layer 3 and the non-detachable formwork 5, and remove the detachable formwork 1 after the base wall 2 reaches the curing condition. Embodiment 2
[0025] Refer to Figures 4-6 , the FRP bar anchor bolt 4 is made of an organic fiber material without electronic heat conduction, and the tray body 7 is made of a thermosetting resin material; First step, screw the FRP bar anchor bolt 4 into the external thread tray body 10 to form an external thread anchor bolt assembly 12.
[0026] Second step, penetrate the external thread anchor bolt assembly 12 with a total length of L through the insulation layer 3 with a thickness of A in a direction with a perpendicularity error within the range of 90° ± 15°. The length L of the anchor bolt assembly 9 is 120% of the thickness A of the insulation layer 3, and the length B of the external thread tray body 10 is 30% of the thickness A of the insulation layer 3; Third step, support the detachable formwork 1 on one side and the non-detachable formwork 5 on the other side, pour the base wall 2 to form a wall with the insulation layer 3 and the non-detachable formwork 5, and remove the detachable formwork 1 after the base wall 2 reaches the curing condition.
[0027] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.
Claims
1. A method for anchoring a building insulation layer using composite materials, which relates to the technology of anchoring the insulation layer to a wall, and is characterized in that: A fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRP) bar anchor (4) is manufactured with a thermosetting resin as the matrix and low thermal conductivity reinforcing fibers as the reinforcing phase, serving as the anchor main structure that penetrates the insulation layer (3) and extends into the base wall (2); the volume ratio of the internal reinforcing fibers is not less than 25%, at least 30% of the reinforcing fibers are oriented at an angle less than 5° with the length direction of the anchor, the thermal conductivity k of the anchor rod body is ≤2 W / (m·K), the tensile strength is ≥300 MPa, the shear strength is ≥60 MPa, the bonding force F1 between the anchor rod body and the base wall under the pulling action is ≥0.6 KN, and the bonding force F2 between the anchor rod body and the tray body (7) is ≥0.6 KN.
2. The method for anchoring a building thermal insulation layer using a composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fibers of the fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRP) are made of inorganic non-metallic fiber materials or organic polymer materials without electronic heat conduction; the matrix resin is a thermosetting organic resin, which is in a cured state after manufacturing. Its microscopic change is that the thermosetting organic resin polymer crosslinks from a linear structure into a spatial three-dimensional structure, and the curing process is irreversible, with a slow aging rate in the natural environment; the tray body (7) is made of stainless steel material, and the anchor combination (9) with the tray body (7) is applied to the integrated formwork-free structure, serving as the one that penetrates the insulation layer (3) and extends into the concrete-cast base wall (2), undertaking the role of firmly combining the insulation layer (3) and the concrete-cast base wall (2); the integrated formwork-free structure has a removable formwork (1) on one side and a formwork-free formwork (5) on the other side; the length L of the anchor combination (9) is not less than 110% of the thickness A of the insulation layer (3); the length B of the tray body (7) does not exceed 90% of the thickness A of the insulation layer (3).
3. The building insulation layer anchoring method using composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fibers of the FRP bar anchor (4) are made of glass fiber material, that is, glass fiber-reinforced resin composite GFRP.
4. The method for anchoring a building thermal insulation layer using a composite material as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: The reinforcing fibers of the FRP bar anchor (4) are made of basalt fiber material, that is, basalt fiber-reinforced resin composite BFRP.
5. A method for anchoring a building insulation layer using a composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fibers of the FRP bar anchor (4) are made of organic fiber materials without electronic heat conduction, including aramid fiber, that is, aramid fiber-reinforced resin composite AFRP.
6. The building insulation layer anchoring structure using a composite material as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer cylindrical surface of the FRP bar anchor (4) has an external thread, and its external thread can cooperate with the internal thread of the external thread tray body (10) to form an external thread anchor combination (12) with the external thread tray body (10).
7. The method for anchoring a building thermal insulation layer using a composite material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The tray body (7) is made of thermosetting resin material and has excellent durability.
8. A method for anchoring a building insulation layer using a composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tray body (7) is made of FRP material and has excellent durability.
9. The method for anchoring a building thermal insulation layer using a composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tray body (7) is an integral body composed of a fixed pipe (8) and a tray (6).