Pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming and drilling method

Abstract

The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer comprises a hammer body, a main body shaft is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the hammer body, a main hammer head is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the hammer body, and an expansion mechanism and an adjusting mechanism are arranged on the hammer body; the expansion mechanism comprises a main node seat fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the hammer body, a sliding seat in sliding connection with the hammer body, a main supporting rod and an auxiliary supporting rod, the expansion mechanism is arranged on the hammer body, so that the auxiliary hammer head is additionally arranged on the hammer body, and the main supporting rod and the auxiliary supporting rod in the expansion mechanism are matched with each other, so that the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of expanding holes is formed. The opening and closing of the auxiliary hammer head are realized, so that after the primary drilling is finished, the auxiliary hammer head can be unfolded to carry out secondary reaming operation so as to meet the required aperture requirement and avoid the secondary replacement of a drill bit during reaming, the secondary reaming is convenient and fast, the secondary reaming is simple and fast, the construction efficiency is high, the device can adapt to multi-aperture drilling, the whole structure is simple, and the cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of down-the-hole hammers, and specifically to a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with hole expansion function and a drilling method. Background Technique

[0002] With the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and strong adaptability, down-the-hole hammers have become key equipment in the fields of geological exploration, engineering construction, and energy development. With the iteration of technology and the growth of market demand, the trend of their intelligentization and multi-functionality will further expand their applications.

[0003] Currently, the common method for pilot hole drilling in hard rock formations mostly uses pneumatic down-the-hole hammers. With the development of the pile foundation construction field, the application of large pile diameter pile foundations is increasing. Therefore, most of the current down-the-hole hammers cannot meet the requirements of the pilot hole diameter, and different diameter down-the-hole hammers need to be replaced. The whole operation process is cumbersome, and users need to disassemble and assemble the hammer head by themselves. For this reason, we have proposed a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with hole expansion function. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with hole expansion function and a drilling method to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with hole expansion function, including a hammer body, a main shaft is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the hammer body, a main hammer head is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the hammer body, and an expansion mechanism and an adjustment mechanism are arranged on the hammer body; the expansion mechanism includes a main node seat fixedly installed on the outer surface of the hammer body, a sliding seat slidably connected to the hammer body, as well as a main support rod and a secondary support rod. The upper end of the main support rod is rotatably connected to the main node seat, and the lower end of the main support rod is bolted to a secondary hammer head. A secondary node seat is fixedly installed inside the main support rod. One end of the secondary support rod is rotatably connected to the sliding seat, and the other end of the secondary support rod is also rotatably connected to the secondary node seat; the adjustment mechanism includes a connecting rod fixedly connected to the sliding seat, a central seat fixedly installed at the end of the connecting rod, a lead screw threadedly connected to the central seat, as well as a secondary transmission shaft and a main transmission shaft rotatably arranged inside the hammer body. A secondary bevel gear is fixedly installed at the upper end of the secondary transmission shaft, and the lower end of the secondary transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the lead screw. Main bevel gears and end seats are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the main transmission shaft. The main bevel gear is located in the inner cavity of the hammer body, and the main bevel gear is also meshed and driven with the secondary bevel gear.

[0006] Preferably, a stopping mechanism is further provided on the hammer body. The stopping mechanism includes a friction plate fixedly installed on the main transmission shaft, a bearing arranged inside the hammer body, a movable ring rotatably connected to the hammer body through the bearing, a gear ring fixedly installed on the inner surface of the movable ring, a transmission gear meshed with the gear ring, a square rod fixedly installed on the side of the transmission gear, a threaded rod slidably connected to the square rod, an embedded nut fixedly installed on the side wall of the inner cavity of the hammer body, and a clamping piece slidably arranged inside the hammer body. The threaded rod is threadedly connected to the embedded nut.

[0007] Preferably, an auxiliary block is fixedly installed at the end of the threaded rod. The clamping piece is located between the auxiliary block and the friction plate, and an auxiliary spring is fixedly installed on the side of the clamping piece. The end of the auxiliary spring is also fixedly connected to the hammer body.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping piece is designed in an annular structure, and friction lines for enhancing friction are arranged on the side of the clamping piece adjacent to the friction plate.

[0009] Preferably, the transmission gear is also rotatably connected to the hammer body, and a cavity for accommodating the square rod is arranged inside the hammer body.

[0010] Preferably, a stop block is fixedly installed at the end of the square rod, and the stop block is located at the internal cavity of the threaded rod.

[0011] Preferably, stop strips are fixedly installed at both the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod, and the stop strips are also slidably connected to the hammer body.

[0012] Preferably, the side surface of the end seat is in the same plane as the side surface of the hammer body, and a hexagonal socket for inserting a hexagonal wrench is provided on the side surface of the end seat.

[0013] Preferably, a knob is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the movable ring, and an annular groove for accommodating the knob is also provided on the hammer body.

[0014] A drilling method for a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with expandable holes includes:

[0015] Step 1: Insert the hexagonal wrench into the end seat to drive the end seat to rotate. The secondary transmission shaft synchronously drives the lead screw to rotate inside the hammer body. After the lead screw rotates, it drives the slide to slide. After the slide slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod is changed through the secondary support rod, and the secondary hammer head is closed.

[0016] Step 2: Use the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer for drilling operations.

[0017] Step 3: After the first drilling is completed, insert the hexagonal wrench into the end seat to drive the end seat to rotate. The secondary transmission shaft synchronously drives the lead screw to rotate inside the hammer body. After the lead screw rotates, it drives the slide to slide. After the slide slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod is changed through the secondary support rod, and the secondary hammer head is opened.

[0018] Step 4: Use a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer to expand the hole.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention sets up an expansion mechanism on the hammer body to add a secondary hammer head to the hammer body, and then uses the main support rod and the secondary support rod in the expansion mechanism to cooperate with each other to realize the opening and closing of the secondary hammer head. After the initial drilling is completed, the secondary hammer head can be unfolded to perform a secondary hole expansion operation to meet the required hole diameter requirements, avoiding the need to replace the drill bit twice during hole expansion, which is convenient and fast, making the secondary hole expansion simple and fast, with high construction efficiency, and can adapt to multi-diameter drilling, and the overall structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0021] 2. The present invention further adds an adjustment mechanism inside the hammer body, utilizes the screw rod to cooperate with the center seat thread, and utilizes the screw rod transmission to realize the synchronous opening and closing of multiple auxiliary hammer heads, thereby meeting the operation requirements of hole expansion, and the adjustment mechanism also includes an auxiliary bevel gear and a main bevel gear that cooperate with each other, so that the user can adjust in a more convenient way, making the entire adjustment step more in line with the actual application scenario.

[0022] 3. The present invention further adds a stopping mechanism on the hammer body, uses a clip to press against the friction plate, cooperates with the friction pattern on the side of the friction plate, and uses the friction force formed therebetween to limit the rotation of the transmission shaft in the adjusting mechanism, thereby locking the state of the overall structure, thereby ensuring the stability of the overall device and meeting the actual drilling and expansion requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the secondary brace structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the hammer structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the clip structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement in the middle;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the movable ring structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the square rod structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Hammer body; 2. Main body shaft; 3. Main hammer head; 4. Expansion mechanism; 41. Sub-hammer head; 42. Main support rod; 43. Sub-support rod; 44. Main node seat; 45. Slide seat; 46. Stop bar; 47. Sub-node seat; 5. Adjustment mechanism; 51. End seat; 52. Lead screw; 53. Central seat; 54. Connecting rod; 55. Sub-drive shaft; 56. Sub-bevel gear; 57. Main bevel gear; 58. Main drive shaft; 6. Stopping mechanism; 61. Movable ring; 62. Bearing; 63. Tooth ring; 64. Clip; 65. Auxiliary spring; 66. Friction plate; 67. Auxiliary block; 68. Threaded rod; 69. Square rod; 610. Embedded nut; 611. Transmission gear; 612. Stop block. Specific implementation mode

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1-8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with hole expansion function, including a hammer body 1, a main body shaft 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the hammer body 1, a main hammer head 3 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the hammer body 1, and an expansion mechanism 4 and an adjustment mechanism 5 are arranged on the hammer body 1; the expansion mechanism 4 includes a main node seat 44 fixedly installed on the outer surface of the hammer body 1, a slide seat 45 slidably connected to the hammer body 1, and a main support rod 42 and a sub-support rod 43. The upper end of the main support rod 42 is rotatably connected to the main node seat 44, and the lower end of the main support rod 42 is bolted with a sub-hammer head 41. A sub-node seat 47 is fixedly installed inside the main support rod 42. One end of the sub-support rod 43 is rotatably connected to the slide seat 45, and the other end of the sub-support rod 43 is also rotatably connected to the sub-node seat 47. Stop bars 46 are fixedly installed at both the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod 54, and the stop bars 46 are also slidably connected to the hammer body 1.

[0034] The adjusting mechanism 5 comprises a connecting rod 54 fixedly connected to the sliding seat 45, a center seat 53 fixedly mounted on the end of the connecting rod 54, a screw rod 52 threadedly connected to the center seat 53, and a secondary transmission shaft 55 and a main transmission shaft 58 rotatably arranged inside the hammer body 1. A secondary bevel gear 56 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the secondary transmission shaft 55, and the lower end of the secondary transmission shaft 55 is fixedly connected to the screw rod 52. A main bevel gear 57 and an end seat 51 are fixedly mounted on both ends of the main transmission shaft 58, respectively. The main bevel gear 57 is located in the internal cavity of the hammer body 1, and the main bevel gear 57 is also meshed and connected with the secondary bevel gear 56. The side surface of the end seat 51 is in the same plane as the side surface of the hammer body 1, and the side surface of the end seat 51 is provided with a hexagonal socket for plugging with a hexagonal wrench. A knob is fixedly mounted on the side surface of the movable ring 61, and an annular groove body for accommodating the knob is also provided on the hammer body 1, which is convenient for users to operate to fit the actual application scenario.

[0035] The hammer body 1 is also provided with a stop mechanism 6, which includes a friction plate 66 fixedly mounted on the main transmission shaft 58, a bearing 62 arranged inside the hammer body 1, a movable ring 61 rotatably connected to the hammer body 1 through the bearing 62, a gear ring 63 fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the movable ring 61, a transmission gear 611 meshingly connected with the gear ring 63, a square rod 69 fixedly mounted on the side of the transmission gear 611, a threaded rod 68 slidably connected with the square rod 69, an embedded nut 610 fixedly mounted on the side wall of the inner cavity of the hammer body 1, and a clip 64 slidably arranged inside the hammer body 1, the threaded rod 68 is threadedly connected with the embedded nut 610, an auxiliary block 67 is fixedly mounted on the end of the threaded rod 68, and the clip 64 is located between the auxiliary block 67 and the friction plate 66. The auxiliary block 67 can increase the contact area between the threaded rod 68 and the clip 64 to avoid excessive pressure after the threaded rod 68 is tightened, which may cause damage to the clip 64. An auxiliary spring 65 is fixedly installed on the side of the clip 64, and the end of the auxiliary spring 65 is also fixedly connected to the hammer body 1. The clip 64 is designed as an annular structure, and the side of the clip 64 adjacent to the friction plate 66 is provided with friction grooves for enhancing friction. The transmission gear 611 is also rotatably connected to the hammer body 1. A cavity for accommodating the square rod 69 is provided inside the hammer body 1. A stopper 612 is fixedly installed on the end of the square rod 69. The stopper 612 is located in the internal cavity of the threaded rod 68. The stopper 612 can prevent the threaded rod 68 from detaching to ensure the stability of the overall structural design.

[0036] Working principle: After inserting a hex wrench into the end seat 51, the end seat 51 is driven to rotate. The main drive shaft 58 fixedly connected to the end seat 51 also uses a main bevel gear 57 and a secondary bevel gear 56 to be in transmission connection. The secondary drive shaft 55 synchronously drives the lead screw 52 to rotate inside the hammer body 1. The center seat 53 threadedly connected to the lead screw 52 is fixedly connected to the slide seat 45 by means of a connecting rod 54. After the lead screw 52 rotates, the slide seat 45 can be driven to slide. One end of the secondary support rod 43 is rotatably connected to the slide seat 45, and the other end of the secondary support rod 43 is rotatably connected to the secondary node seat 47 fixed on the main support rod 42. Moreover, the end of the main support rod 42 is also rotatably connected to the main node seat 44 fixed on the side of the hammer body 1. The lower end of the main support rod 42 is fixed with a secondary hammer head 41. After the slide seat 45 slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod 42 can be changed through the secondary support rod 43, so as to open the secondary hammer head 41 to meet the reaming requirement. Then, rotate the movable ring 61, drive the transmission gear 611 to rotate through the gear ring 63 on the inner surface of the movable ring 61. The square rod 69 fixedly connected to the transmission gear 611 rotates together. Moreover, the threaded rod 68 slidably connected to the square rod 69 is also threadedly connected to the embedded nut 610 fixed inside the hammer body 1. After the transmission gear 611 rotates, the threaded rod 68 will screw out towards the clamping piece 64, and then squeeze the clamping piece 64 to slide towards the friction plate 66 fixed on the main drive shaft 58 until the clamping piece 64 is in close contact with the friction plate 66. At this time, the friction lines on the side surfaces of the clamping piece 64 and the friction plate 66 cooperate with each other to form a certain frictional force. Then, under the limitation of this frictional force, the state of the main drive shaft 58 is locked, further improving the stability of the overall structure.

[0037] The drilling method of the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with reaming function of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Insert a hex wrench into the end seat 51 to drive the end seat 51 to rotate. The secondary drive shaft 55 synchronously drives the lead screw 52 to rotate inside the hammer body 1. After the lead screw 52 rotates, it drives the slide seat 45 to slide. After the slide seat 45 slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod 42 is changed through the secondary support rod 43, and the secondary hammer head 41 is closed.

[0039] Step 2: Use the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer to perform drilling operations.

[0040] Step 3: After the first drilling is completed, insert a hex wrench into the end seat 51 to drive the end seat 51 to rotate. The secondary drive shaft 55 synchronously drives the lead screw 52 to rotate inside the hammer body 1. After the lead screw 52 rotates, it drives the slide seat 45 to slide. After the slide seat 45 slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod 42 is changed through the secondary support rod 43, and the secondary hammer head 41 is opened.

[0041] Step 4: Use the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer to perform reaming operations. This can avoid replacing the drill bit twice during reaming, which is convenient and fast.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with expandable holes, characterized in that: It comprises a hammer body (1), a main shaft (2) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the hammer body (1), a main hammer head (3) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the hammer body (1), and an expansion mechanism (4) and an adjustment mechanism (5) are arranged on the hammer body (1); The expansion mechanism (4) comprises a main node seat (44) fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the hammer body (1), a slide seat (45) slidably connected to the hammer body (1), a main support rod (42) and a secondary support rod (43), wherein the upper end of the main support rod (42) is rotatably connected to the main node seat (44), and the lower end of the main support rod (42) is connected to the secondary hammer head (41) by bolts, and a secondary node seat (47) is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the main support rod (42), one end of the secondary support rod (43) is rotatably connected to the slide seat (45), and the other end of the secondary support rod (43) is also rotatably connected to the secondary node seat (47); The adjusting mechanism (5) comprises a connecting rod (54) fixedly connected to the sliding seat (45), a center seat (53) fixedly mounted on the end of the connecting rod (54), a screw rod (52) threadedly connected to the center seat (53), and a secondary transmission shaft (55) and a main transmission shaft (58) rotatably arranged inside the hammer body (1); a secondary bevel gear (56) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the secondary transmission shaft (55), and the lower end of the secondary transmission shaft (55) is fixedly connected to the screw rod (52); a main bevel gear (57) and an end seat (51) are fixedly mounted on both ends of the main transmission shaft (58), respectively; the main bevel gear (57) is located in the internal cavity of the hammer body (1), and the main bevel gear (57) is also meshed and transmission-connected with the secondary bevel gear (56).

2. The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming according to claim 1, wherein: The hammer body (1) is also provided with a stop mechanism (6), the stop mechanism (6) comprising a friction plate (66) fixedly mounted on the main transmission shaft (58), a bearing (62) arranged inside the hammer body (1), a movable ring (61) rotatably connected to the hammer body (1) through the bearing (62), a gear ring (63) fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the movable ring (61), a transmission gear (611) meshingly connected to the gear ring (63), a square rod (69) fixedly mounted on the side of the transmission gear (611), a threaded rod (68) slidably connected to the square rod (69), an embedded nut (610) fixedly mounted on the side wall of the inner cavity of the hammer body (1), and a clamp (64) slidably arranged inside the hammer body (1), wherein the threaded rod (68) is threadedly connected to the embedded nut (610).

3. The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming according to claim 2, wherein: An auxiliary block (67) is fixedly mounted on the end of the threaded rod (68), the clamping piece (64) is located between the auxiliary block (67) and the friction plate (66), and an auxiliary spring (65) is fixedly mounted on the side of the clamping piece (64), and the end of the auxiliary spring (65) is also fixedly connected to the hammer body (1).

4. A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping plate (64) is designed as an annular structure, and the side surface of the clamping plate (64) adjacent to the friction plate (66) is provided with friction patterns for enhancing friction.

5. The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming according to claim 2, wherein: The transmission gear (611) is also rotationally connected to the hammer body (1), and a cavity for accommodating the square rod (69) is arranged inside the hammer body (1).

6. A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with expandable holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: A stop block (612) is fixedly installed at the end of the square rod (69), and the stop block (612) is located in the internal cavity of the threaded rod (68).

7. A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with expandable hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: Stop bars (46) are fixedly installed at both the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod (54), and the stop bars (46) are also slidably connected to the hammer body (1).

8. A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side surface of the end seat (51) is in the same plane as the side surface of the hammer body (1), and a hexagonal socket for inserting a hexagonal wrench is provided on the side surface of the end seat (51).

9. The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer capable of reaming according to claim 2, wherein: A knob is fixedly provided on the side surface of the movable ring (61), and an annular groove for accommodating the knob is further provided on the hammer body (1).

10. The drilling method of the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with expandable hole according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including: Step 1: Insert the hexagonal wrench into the end seat (51) to drive the end seat (51) to rotate. The auxiliary transmission shaft (55) synchronously drives the lead screw (52) to rotate inside the hammer body (1). After the lead screw (52) rotates, it drives the slide seat (45) to slide. After the slide seat (45) slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod (42) is changed through the auxiliary support rod (43) to close the auxiliary hammer head (41). Step 2: Use a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer to perform drilling operations. Step 3: After the first drilling is completed, insert the hexagonal wrench into the end seat (51) to drive the end seat (51) to rotate. The auxiliary transmission shaft (55) synchronously drives the lead screw (52) to rotate inside the hammer body (1). After the lead screw (52) rotates, it drives the slide seat (45) to slide. After the slide seat (45) slides, the opening and closing angle of the main support rod (42) is changed through the auxiliary support rod (43) to open the auxiliary hammer head (41). Step 4: Use a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer to perform reaming operations.

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