Rockburst identification and prevention system and method carried by TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine)

Abstract

The invention discloses a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) carried rock burst identification and prevention system and method, the system is used for drilling holes in surrounding rock around a tunnel and installing monitoring equipment so as to monitor the characteristics of the surrounding rock in real time, and a rock burst early warning module is used for analyzing monitoring data and carrying out early warning on the rock burst risk according to an analysis result. And if it is judged that the rock burst risk exists, the rock burst prevention and control unit is started, the mechanical cutterhead stretches out of the TBM shield tunneling machine and starts cutting, the mechanical cutterhead synchronously advances along with tunneling of the shield tunneling machine, and a pressure relief crack is formed. And continuously monitoring in the joint cutting process, and performing joint cutting for multiple times according to a monitoring result until the rockburst risk is eliminated. The device is suitable for high ground stress underground rock engineering, can intelligently identify and prevent rockburst, and effectively improves the construction efficiency of underground tunnel engineering. Compared with other joint cutting pressure relief methods, mechanical joint cutting has better stability, lower cost and higher safety, and secondary disasters are not likely to be caused.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly to a rock burst identification and prevention system and method carried by a TBM shield machine. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous development of the national economic infrastructure construction, more and more underground projects are advancing towards deep areas. The TBM shield machine is used for the excavation of deep-buried underground tunnels, which has high construction efficiency and good personnel safety, and has great advantages compared with the traditional drill and blast method construction. At the same time, the tectonic stress field existing in deep rock masses and the stress concentration caused by engineering excavation form circumferential stress in the surrounding rock of the tunnel. When the circumferential stress level is much greater than the strength of the engineering rock mass, the elastic strain energy stored in the hard and brittle rock mass reaches the limit, and the rock mass undergoes a dynamic response, that is, a rock burst. Underground rock bursts will cause the TBM shield machine to get stuck, and even lead to the scrapping of both the project and the equipment, seriously delaying the construction period and causing significant economic losses. Therefore, in deep high-stress rock engineering, the application of TBM shield machines is greatly restricted.

[0003] Currently, in traditional underground tunnel projects constructed by the drill and blast method, the method of cutting slots in the surrounding rock for pressure relief and yielding support is mainly used to prevent rock bursts. However, since there are almost no devices suitable for cutting slots in the surrounding rock on the TBM shield machine, and there is a lack of the process of cutting slots in the surrounding rock between the rock cutting of the shield main machine and the support of the surrounding rock by the trailing support system, this directly leads to a rapid increase in the stress of the surrounding rock after the excavation of the underground tunnel and an increased risk of rock bursts.

[0004] The cutting slot rock burst prevention method is to cut one or more pressure relief fine slots in the surrounding rock of the roadway to unload the stress of the surrounding rock. The currently proposed cutting slot rock burst prevention methods mainly include the explosion ramming water pressure fracturing cutting slot method and the blasting cutting slot method, etc. These cutting slot methods need to complete processes such as drilling holes, charging, detonating, and ventilation on the surrounding rock in a cycle, but the time and space required for the construction of these cutting slot rock burst prevention methods cannot be provided during the tunneling process of the TBM shield machine. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention discloses a rock burst identification and prevention system and method carried by a TBM shield machine to solve any one of the above and other potential problems in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a rock burst identification and prevention system carried by a TBM shield machine, the system includes a rock burst intelligent identification unit and a rock burst prevention unit; the rock burst intelligent identification unit is to collect stress and deformation data in the surrounding rock of the tunnel in real time through monitoring equipment, and based on the analysis of the data, identify the early signs of the occurrence of a rock burst.

[0007] The rockburst prevention and control unit forms cutting seams in the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel to control the stress distribution and avoid the occurrence of rockbursts;

[0008] The rockburst intelligent identification unit and the rockburst prevention and control unit are located between the shield main machine and the trailing support system of the TBM shield machine.

[0009] Furthermore, the rockburst intelligent identification unit includes: monitoring equipment, a data acquisition instrument, a data storage station, and a rockburst early warning module;

[0010] The monitoring equipment is used to monitor the characteristics of the surrounding rock in real time;

[0011] The data acquisition instrument is connected to the monitoring equipment and is used to collect and convert the real-time monitoring data;

[0012] The data storage station is used to receive the monitoring data transmitted in real time by the data acquisition instrument and store the converted monitoring data;

[0013] The rockburst early warning module is used to analyze the converted monitoring data, give an early warning of the rockburst risk in the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the analysis results, and perform operation control on the rockburst prevention and control unit, and visually display the real-time monitoring data and the rockburst risk early warning results.

[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring equipment includes internal stress monitoring equipment and deformation monitoring equipment;

[0015] Among them, the internal stress monitoring equipment is installed in the surrounding rock to collect the stress data of the surrounding area of the tunnel in real time;

[0016] The deformation monitoring equipment is installed on the shield machine to monitor the surrounding rock of the tunnel, calculate the deformation data through close-range surveying technology, and calculate the strain by the deformation amount and the size of the surrounding rock.

[0017] Furthermore, for the rockburst early warning module, the specific process of data analysis is as follows: obtain the mechanical parameters of the rock according to the previous geological exploration engineering data, combine the real-time monitoring data to judge the stress peak value and strain inflection point during the rock loading process, and when the stress value reaches the peak or the strain reaches the inflection point, it is considered that there is a rockburst risk.

[0018] Furthermore, the rockburst prevention and control unit includes:

[0019] A mechanical cutter head for cutting the side wall of the surrounding rock;

[0020] A driving unit for driving the mechanical cutter head;

[0021] A telescopic adjustment mechanism for adjusting the depth of the mechanical cutter head penetrating into the cutting seam;

[0022] A cooling unit for cooling the mechanical cutter head.

[0023] Furthermore, the diameter range of the mechanical cutter head is 1 - 10 m, and the thickness of the mechanical cutter head is 1 - 20 cm; the cooling medium sprayed in the cooling unit is water, coolant, condensate or low-temperature air.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a prevention and control method for the rock burst identification system carried by the above TBM shield machine, and the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] S1) Monitor the surrounding rock characteristics in real time, and convert, transmit and store the monitoring data.

[0026] S2) Extract and analyze the converted monitoring data, obtain the mechanical parameters of the rock according to the previous geological exploration engineering data, and combine the real-time monitoring data to judge the stress peak and strain inflection point during the rock loading process. When the stress value reaches the peak or the strain reaches the inflection point, it is regarded as there is a risk of rock burst.

[0027] S3) Make a warning for the risk of rock burst in the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the analysis result, and operate and control the rock burst prevention and control unit, and visually display the implemented monitoring data and the rock burst risk warning result.

[0028] S4) Start the rock burst prevention and control unit, and gradually extend one side of the mechanical cutter head out of the TBM shield machine shell through the telescopic adjustment mechanism, and prepare to start cutting the side wall of the surrounding rock. The mechanical cutter head gradually reaches the cutting seam depth under the adjustment of the telescopic adjustment mechanism, and continuously advances forward with the tunneling work of the TBM shield machine, so as to form a pressure relief cutting seam on the side wall of the surrounding rock on one side of the tunnel or roadway. After the cutting seam operation is completed, the cutter head withdraws from the pressure relief cutting seam, the drive unit stops, and the cutter head stops rotating.

[0029] S5) After completing one cutting seam, if the internal stress value of the surrounding rock is greater than the peak value or the strain is greater than the inflection point, adjust the angle of the mechanical cutter head, repeat the operation of S4), complete a new cutting seam until the internal stress value of the surrounding rock is less than the peak value and the strain is less than the inflection point.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: Due to the adoption of the above scheme, the rock burst intelligent identification unit of the present invention can effectively reduce the risk of rock burst to the safety of construction personnel and equipment damage. The rock burst prevention and control unit is used for cutting seam pressure relief, which greatly improves the construction efficiency of the underground tunnel project. At the same time, the purpose of preventing and controlling rock burst is achieved by pressure relief of the surrounding rock. Compared with other cutting seam pressure relief means, mechanical cutting seam has good stability, lower cost, safety and reliability, and will not induce secondary disasters.

[0031] The following will further describe the present invention in detail through the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the intelligent rockburst identification unit and the rockburst prevention and control unit installed inside the TBM shield machine;

[0033] Figure 2 System working flowchart of the intelligent rockburst identification unit;

[0034] Figure 3 Internal structure diagram of the rockburst prevention and control unit;

[0035] Figure 4 Effect picture after the tunnel surrounding rock is cut with slits.

[0036] Among them: 1. Shield main machine; 2. Mechanical cutter head; 3. Rear support system; 4. Intelligent rockburst identification unit; 5. Guide rail; 6. Cooling unit; 7. Driving unit; 8. Lower pulley of the driving unit; 9. Wall through-hole of the TBM shield machine; 10. Fixed bolt; 11. Pressure relief slit; 12. Surrounding rock; 13. Tunnel excavated by the TBM shield machine. Specific implementation method

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] The present invention provides a rockburst identification and prevention system carried by a TBM shield machine. By adding an intelligent rockburst identification unit and a rockburst prevention and control unit between the shield main machine and the rear support system, intelligent identification of rockburst risks for the surrounding rock of the tunnel during the tunneling process of the TBM shield machine is realized. Slit cutting and pressure relief are carried out for the risk area, and finally the effect of preventing and controlling rockburst is achieved.

[0039] Specifically: When the shield main machine of the TBM shield machine has completed tunneling and the rear support system has not yet carried out support, boreholes are drilled in the surrounding rock of the tunnel and monitoring equipment is installed. The monitoring equipment is used to monitor the characteristics of the surrounding rock. The data acquisition instrument is connected to the monitoring equipment and converts the data. The collected monitoring data is first stored in the data storage station, screened and cleaned by the data processing system, and after comparison with the preset threshold, it is judged whether to trigger the rockburst warning module; If slit cutting and pressure relief are required, the rockburst prevention and control unit is activated, the mechanical cutter head extends from the inside of the TBM shield machine, and the cutting work begins. The mechanical cutter head advances synchronously with the tunneling of the TBM shield machine, and finally one or more pressure relief slits are cut in the tunnel surrounding rock. Subsequently, in cooperation with the rear-end support, the effect of preventing and controlling rockburst is finally achieved.

[0040] The intelligent rockburst identification unit and the rockburst prevention and control unit are located between the shield main machine and the rear support system of the TBM shield machine, as Figure 1 shown.

[0041] The present invention uses a rockburst identification and prevention system carried by a TBM shield machine to identify and prevent rockbursts in the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The described rockburst identification and prevention device carried by the TBM shield machine is used for rockburst prevention in potential strong rockburst risk areas encountered during the tunneling of the TBM shield machine, including the following steps:

[0042] First step, during the operation of the TBM shield machine in poor surrounding rock conditions or high-stress areas, when the main shield machine has completed tunneling and the trailing support system has not yet carried out support, boreholes are drilled in the surrounding rock of the tunnel and monitoring equipment is installed;

[0043] Second step, the monitoring equipment is used to monitor the characteristics of the surrounding rock. The data acquisition instrument collects and converts the real-time monitoring data, and the data storage station receives the monitoring data transmitted in real time by the data acquisition instrument and stores the converted monitoring data;

[0044] Third step, the converted monitoring data is extracted and analyzed. The mechanical parameters of the rock are obtained based on the previous geological exploration engineering data, and the peak stress and strain inflection point during the rock loading process are judged in combination with the real-time monitoring data. When the stress value reaches the peak or the strain reaches the inflection point, it is considered that there is a rockburst risk; the real-time monitoring data and the rockburst risk warning results are visually displayed;

[0045] Fourth step, if the rockburst warning is triggered, the rockburst prevention unit starts the driving unit, adjusts the telescopic adjustment mechanism, the driving unit moves on the guide rail, so that the mechanical cutter head extends out from the through hole of the TBM shield machine wall, the driving unit drives the mechanical cutter head to rotate at high speed, and the cooling unit is turned on to spray cooling materials on the cutter head to cool it down;

[0046] Fifth step, start mechanical slotting of the surrounding rock, and at the same time, the TBM shield machine advances forward at a low speed, and the cooling unit spray port always sprays cooling materials on the mechanical cutter head to cool it down; after the slotting is completed, adjust the telescopic adjustment mechanism to retract the mechanical cutter head from the surrounding rock and completely retract it into the TBM shield machine, then turn off the motor, the mechanical cutter head stops rotating, and stop spraying cooling materials;

[0047] Sixth step, after completing one slotting, if the internal stress value of the surrounding rock is greater than the peak or the strain is greater than the inflection point, adjust the angle of the mechanical cutter head, repeat the operations in the fourth and fifth steps to complete a new slotting until the internal stress value of the surrounding rock is less than the peak and the strain is less than the inflection point;

[0048] Seventh step, after the rockburst prevention work is completed, maintain the rockburst identification and prevention device carried by the TBM shield machine, and determine whether to replace the new mechanical cutter head according to the wear condition of the mechanical cutter head, so as to prepare for the slotting and pressure relief work of the surrounding rock of the tunnel formed by the next tunneling of the TBM shield machine.

[0049] The above has introduced in detail a rock burst identification and prevention system and method carried by a TBM shield machine provided in an embodiment of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0050] As used in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that hardware manufacturers may use different terms to refer to the same component. The specification and claims do not use the difference in names as a way to distinguish components, but use the difference in functions of components as the criterion for distinction. As mentioned throughout the specification and claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" are open-ended terms, so they should be interpreted as "comprising / including but not limited to". "Substantially" means within an acceptable error range. Those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range and basically achieve the technical effect. The subsequent description in the specification is a preferred implementation manner for implementing the present application, but the description is for the purpose of explaining the general principle of the present application and is not used to limit the scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to what is defined by the appended claims.

[0051] It should also be noted that the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a commodity or system including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such a commodity or system. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the commodity or system including the said element.

[0052] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used herein is only a relationship describing associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0053] The above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application. However, as mentioned above, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be changed within the scope of the application concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. And the changes and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present application should all be within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A rockburst identification and prevention system carried by a TBM shield machine, characterized in that, The system includes a rockburst intelligent identification unit and a rockburst prevention and control unit; the rockburst intelligent identification unit collects stress and deformation data in the surrounding rock of the tunnel in real time through monitoring equipment, and based on the analysis of the data, identifies the early signs of rockburst occurrence; The rockburst prevention and control unit forms cut slots by cutting in the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel to control the stress distribution and avoid the occurrence of rockburst; The rockburst intelligent identification unit and the rockburst prevention and control unit are located between the shield main machine of the TBM shield machine and the trailing support system.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The rockburst intelligent identification unit includes: monitoring equipment, a data collector, a data storage station and a rockburst early warning module; The monitoring equipment is used for real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock characteristics; The data collector is connected to the monitoring equipment and is used for collecting and converting the real-time monitoring data; The data storage station is used for receiving the monitoring data transmitted in real time by the data collector and storing the converted monitoring data; The rockburst early warning module is used for analyzing the converted monitoring data, giving an early warning of the rockburst risk in the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the analysis result, and performing operation control on the rockburst prevention and control unit, and visually displaying the real-time monitoring data and the rockburst risk early warning result.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein The monitoring equipment includes internal stress monitoring equipment and deformation monitoring equipment; Among them, the internal stress monitoring equipment is installed in the surrounding rock to collect the stress data in the surrounding area of the tunnel in real time; The deformation monitoring equipment is installed on the shield machine to monitor the surrounding rock of the tunnel, calculate the deformation data through close-range surveying technology, and calculate the strain by the deformation amount and the size of the surrounding rock.

4. The system according to claim 2, wherein The specific process of data analysis of the rockburst early warning module is: obtaining the mechanical parameters of the rock according to the previous geological exploration engineering data, combining the real-time monitoring data to judge the stress peak value and strain inflection point during the rock loading process, and when the stress value reaches the peak value or the strain reaches the inflection point, it is regarded as having a rockburst risk.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein The rockburst prevention and control unit includes: A mechanical cutter head for cutting the side wall of the surrounding rock; A driving unit for driving the mechanical cutter head; A telescopic adjustment mechanism for adjusting the depth of the mechanical cutter head penetrating into the cut slot; A cooling unit for cooling the mechanical cutter head.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: The diameter range of the mechanical cutter head is 1 - 10m, and the thickness of the mechanical cutter head is 1 - 20cm; the cooling medium sprayed in the cooling unit is water, coolant, refrigerant or low-temperature air.

7. A method for identifying and preventing rock bursts carried by a TBM shield machine, characterized in that, The method specifically includes the following steps: S1) Monitor the surrounding rock characteristics in real time, and convert, transmit and store the monitoring data; S2) Extract the converted monitoring data for analysis, obtain the mechanical parameters of the rock according to the previous geological exploration engineering data, combine the real-time monitoring data to judge the stress peak value and strain inflection point during the rock loading process, and when the stress value reaches the peak value or the strain reaches the inflection point, it is regarded as having a rockburst risk; S3) Give an early warning of the rockburst risk in the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to the analysis result, perform operation control on the rockburst prevention and control unit, and visually display the implementation monitoring data and the rockburst risk early warning result; S4) Activate the rockburst prevention and control unit. Through the telescopic adjustment mechanism, gradually extend one side of the mechanical cutterhead out of the TBM shield machine shell to prepare for the cutting operation on the side wall of the surrounding rock. Under the adjustment of the telescopic adjustment mechanism, the mechanical cutterhead gradually reaches the cutting seam depth and continuously advances forward with the tunneling work of the TBM shield machine, so as to form a pressure relief cutting seam on the side wall of the surrounding rock on one side of the tunnel or roadway. After the cutting seam operation is completed, the cutterhead withdraws from the pressure relief cutting seam, the drive unit stops, and the cutterhead stops rotating; S5) After completing one cutting seam, if the internal stress value of the surrounding rock is greater than the peak value or the strain is greater than the inflection point, adjust the angle of the mechanical cutterhead and repeat the operation in S4) to complete a new cutting seam until the internal stress value of the surrounding rock is less than the peak value and the strain is less than the inflection point.

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