Optical instrument rigid-flexible combined supporting structure and optical instrument

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical instrument supporting, and discloses an optical instrument rigid-flexible combined supporting structure and an optical instrument, the optical instrument rigid-flexible combined supporting structure comprises a mounting base and an optical instrument body, the mounting base is provided with a plurality of groups of moving sliding grooves and a plurality of groups of second accommodating grooves, and clamping assemblies are arranged in the moving sliding grooves and the second accommodating grooves. According to the scheme, horizontal positioning is completed through the hydraulically-driven flexible clamping mechanism, meanwhile, the adsorption system is ingeniously driven to work cooperatively, through the mechanical linkage design, clamping positioning and adsorption fixing form time sequence cooperation, firstly, damage-free accurate horizontal positioning is achieved through the flexible clamping protection plate, and then the flexible clamping protection plate and the adsorption fixing protection plate are combined. And the adsorption system is automatically started through the linkage mechanism to complete longitudinal fixation. The rigid-flexible coupled clamping mechanism not only ensures the positioning accuracy, but also avoids rigid impact; the intelligent linkage adsorption system provides stable negative pressure fixation at the best time, and the intelligent linkage adsorption system and the intelligent linkage adsorption system work cooperatively to achieve omni-directional stable supporting of the optical instrument.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical instrument support, and specifically to a rigid-flexible combined support structure for an optical instrument and an optical instrument. Background Technique

[0002] Optical instruments are widely used in modern scientific research, industrial inspection, medical imaging, national defense and other fields, and their performance directly affects the observation accuracy, imaging quality and system stability. Such instruments usually include precision optical components (such as lenses, mirrors, lasers, etc.) and complex mechanical structures, and are extremely sensitive to vibrations, shocks and temperature changes in the working environment. If the instrument is subjected to external force interference or unstable support during operation or transportation, it may lead to optical axis deviation, image quality degradation or even mechanical damage. Therefore, how to achieve high-stability support for optical instruments has become one of the key technical problems to ensure the performance reliability of optical instruments.

[0003] When transporting the instrument, traditional support structures often use corresponding horizontal positioning mechanisms to achieve the support and positioning of the instrument (such as metal clamps, bolt fixation, etc.). Although this method can achieve the positioning effect during transportation in most cases, if the instrument is jolted or there are other reasons causing axial deviation of the instrument during a certain transportation, relying solely on the horizontal positioning mechanism cannot ensure the stability of the instrument, and in some cases, the instrument may even break away from the support and positioning mechanism, resulting in instrument damage.

[0004] Therefore, it does not meet the existing requirements, and for this reason, we propose a rigid-flexible combined support structure for an optical instrument and an optical instrument. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a rigid-flexible combined support structure for an optical instrument and an optical instrument, which can not only complete the rigid-flexible clamping and positioning effect in the horizontal direction of the optical instrument body through the clamping assembly, but also drive the adsorption and positioning assembly to move by the movement of the clamping assembly, and finally complete the longitudinal positioning effect of the optical instrument body by the adsorption and positioning assembly, solving the problem that only relying on the traditional horizontal positioning mechanism is difficult to complete the longitudinal support when encountering jolts during transportation mentioned in the above background technique.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solution: A rigid-flexible combined support structure for an optical instrument, including an installation base and an optical instrument body. A plurality of groups of moving chutes are opened on the installation base, and a clamping assembly for clamping the optical instrument body in the horizontal direction is provided in each of the plurality of groups of moving chutes. An adsorption and positioning assembly is further provided on the tabletop of the installation base, and the adsorption and positioning assembly is used for longitudinal adsorption and positioning of the optical instrument body; The adsorption and positioning component is composed of a suction cup, a first connecting rod, and a second spring. The top surface of the mounting base is provided with a plurality of suction cups. Each suction cup is movably inserted into a communication hole through the fixedly connected first connecting rod. The suction cup and the corresponding first connecting rod form a communication structure. A second spring is provided between the bottom of the first connecting rod and the positioning disk.

[0007] As an alternative solution of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to the present invention, wherein: a receiving chute is further provided inside the mounting base. A moving slide plate is slidably arranged in the receiving chute. A positioning disk is fixedly arranged above the moving slide plate. A first spring is assembled between the moving slide plate and the inner wall of the receiving chute. A plurality of communication holes are evenly distributed on the top surface of the mounting base above the positioning disk.

[0008] As an alternative solution of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to the present invention, wherein: a blocking block is slidably assembled inside each first connecting rod. The bottom of the blocking block is fixedly connected to one end of a second connecting rod. The other end of the second connecting rod penetrates through the positioning disk and is fixedly connected to the moving slide plate. An exhaust pipe is further communicated inside the first connecting rod. The outlet end of the exhaust pipe extends to the gap between the moving slide plate and the positioning disk.

[0009] As an alternative solution of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to the present invention, wherein: a corrugated airbag is provided between the moving slide plate and the receiving chute.

[0010] As an alternative solution of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to the present invention, wherein: a plurality of sets of clamping components are provided on the positioning disk. Each set of clamping components includes an air storage bag, a corrugated pipe, and a positioning clamping ring. Each set of clamping components is symmetrically arranged with the first connecting rod as the center. The air storage bag is communicated with the corrugated airbag through a connecting air pipe. One end of the corrugated pipe is fixedly connected to the air storage bag, and the other end is fixedly connected to the positioning clamping ring.

[0011] As an alternative solution of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to the present invention, wherein: the clamping component includes a clamping guard plate, a moving slider, and an external hydraulic rod. The clamping guard plate is slidably arranged on the top surface of the mounting base. The bottom of the clamping guard plate is rigidly connected to the moving slider. The moving slider is slidably assembled in a moving chute opened on the mounting base. One end of the external hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the side surface of the moving slider.

[0012] As an alternative solution of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to the present invention, wherein: the clamping component further includes an accommodation airbag. Accommodation airbags are arranged inside both groups of moving chutes. The accommodation airbag is installed between the moving slider and the moving chute.

[0013] As an alternative solution for the rigid-flexible combined support structure of the optical instrument described in the present invention, wherein: a fixed pulley is arranged inside another group of the moving chutes, the fixed pulley is rotatably arranged below the moving slider, the fixed pulley is installed inside the mounting base, a connecting rope is wound around the fixed pulley, one end of the connecting rope is hinged to the moving slider, and the other end of the connecting rope is hinged to the moving slide plate.

[0014] As an alternative solution for the rigid-flexible combined support structure of the optical instrument described in the present invention, wherein: one end of a delivery air pipe is also connected to the accommodating airbag, and the other end of the delivery air pipe is arranged between the moving slide plate and the positioning disc.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. For the rigid-flexible combined support structure of the optical instrument, the innovation of the rigid-flexible combined support structure of the optical instrument provided by this solution lies in the integrated use of hydraulic drive and flexible clamping technology, realizing the adaptive and stable support of precision instruments. The flexible clamping guard plate driven by the hydraulic system can be smoothly unfolded to form an operating space. It can not only form an adaptive surface contact with the instrument surface during reset, but also avoid rigid impact damage by using flexible clamping plates. This structure adopts a rigid-flexible coupling design, and the flexible guard plate can automatically compensate for the differences in the surface topography of the instrument, realizing a uniform force distribution; the hydraulic system provides a stable and controllable clamping force output, solving the contradiction of large vibration in traditional mechanical clamping and low precision in flexible support. The system combines the positioning accuracy of the rigid structure and the buffer protection characteristics of the flexible material, and can adapt to the rapid clamping requirements of different-sized instruments.

[0016] 2. For the rigid-flexible combined support structure of the optical instrument, the present invention realizes the intelligent operation process of "first freely adjust, then firmly adsorb" during the positioning process of the optical instrument through an innovative timing control adsorption system. This system keeps the air path unblocked at the initial stage of instrument placement, so that the suction cup only generates a moderate buffer resistance when pressed without forming a complete adsorption, providing a necessary adjustment space for the precise positioning of the instrument. After the horizontal positioning is completed, the adsorption mechanism is automatically triggered through mechanical linkage, and the blocking block precisely cuts off the exhaust channel, so that the suction cup cavity forms a closed negative pressure system. This process fully utilizes the advantages of the passive control mechanism, and without additional sensors or electronic control components, the precise control of the adsorption timing is achieved only through precise mechanical cooperation.

[0017] 3. In the flexible and rigid combined support structure of the optical instrument, when the sliding plate moves downward, the corrugated airbag below it will be squeezed, and the gas inside it will be pressed into the storage airbag through the connecting air pipe to make it expand. Then, the bellows will push the positioning snap ring with teeth to radially hold the first connecting rod tightly, forming a reliable mechanical lock, effectively preventing the adsorption failure caused by accidental displacement. The flexible design of the bellows further ensures that the positioning snap ring can adaptively adjust the angle, closely fit the connecting rod, and enhance the effectiveness and stability of the locking. The overall design is highly efficient in linkage, effectively solving the problems of adsorption interference during the positioning process and accidental displacement after positioning of large-volume precision instruments. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the installation base of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the first section structure of the partial installation base of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged structure diagram at A in

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the second section structure of the partial installation base of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 The enlarged structure diagram at B in

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partial clamping assembly of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 The enlarged structure diagram at C in

[0026] In the figure: 1. Installation base; 2. Clamping assembly; 101. Optical instrument body; 102. Moving chute; 104. Communication hole; 105. Moving sliding plate; 106. First spring; 108. Accommodating chute; 109. Suction cup; 110. Positioning plate; 111. Corrugated airbag; 113. Sealing block; 114. Second connecting rod; 115. Exhaust pipe; 116. Second spring; 117. Storage airbag; 118. Bellows; 119. Positioning snap ring; 120. Connecting air pipe; 121. First connecting rod; 201. Clamping guard plate; 202. Accommodating airbag; 203. Moving slider; 204. Fixed pulley; 205. Connecting rope; 206. External hydraulic rod; 207. Delivery air pipe. Detailed implementation mode

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-8 , a rigid-flexible combined support structure for an optical instrument, including a mounting base 1 and an optical instrument body 101. Before the user supports the optical instrument body 101, it is first necessary to place the optical instrument body 101 to be supported on the mounting base 1.

[0029] Since several moving chutes 102 are provided on the top surface of the mounting base 1, and slidable clamping guards 201 are arranged inside thereof. The bottom of the guard is fixedly connected to the moving slider 203 through a rigid connection structure, and the moving slider 203 is assembled in the guide rail of the moving chute 102.

[0030] The clamping assembly 2 realizes the horizontal clamping of the optical instrument body 101 through the cooperation of the clamping guard 201, the moving slider 203 and the external hydraulic rod 206. When the hydraulic drive system is started, the piston end of the external hydraulic rod 206 is rigidly fixed on the lateral connection surface of the moving slider 203, and the linear thrust generated by it will be transmitted to the moving slider 203, driving the clamping guard 201 to move smoothly inward along the axial direction of the chute, so that the optical instrument body 101 arranged at the central position of the mounting base 1 can be gradually clamped by the clamping guard 201 under this movement, thereby completing the horizontal clamping and supporting effect on the optical instrument body 101.

[0031] It should be noted that the external hydraulic rods 206 connected to the three clamping assemblies 2 are started or closed synchronously. This design can ensure that the propulsion speed and displacement of the external hydraulic rods 206 are exactly the same. On the one hand, during the positioning stage, the synchronous movement of the three clamping guards 201 can accurately guide the optical instrument body 101 to the geometric center position of the mounting base 1, eliminating any possible eccentric errors; on the other hand, during the driving stage, the synchronously moving clamping assemblies 2 can make the adsorption positioning assembly obtain exactly the same triggering timing and action stroke through transmission components such as connection ropes 205.

[0032] This design not only facilitates the placement of the optical instrument body 101, but also enables the closing and resetting of the guard plate through the forward drive of the hydraulic system. It is particularly noteworthy that the clamping guard plate 201 is made of a flexible material. This structure design combining rigidity and flexibility can form a stable surface contact clamping with the surface of the optical instrument body 101 during closing and resetting, which not only avoids damage to the instrument surface caused by rigid impact, but also adapts to the outer contour of different instruments through the elastic deformation of the material itself, thus significantly improving the reliability and adaptability of clamping. In addition, the combination of the smooth characteristics of hydraulic drive and the buffering effect of flexible materials further ensures the position accuracy and stability of the optical instrument during clamping, laying a solid foundation for subsequent support operations.

[0033] Embodiment 2. The purpose of this embodiment is to facilitate the solution of the problem that even if the horizontal positioning effect of the optical instrument body 101 is achieved through the clamping assembly 2, during the transportation of the optical instrument body 101, longitudinal deviation may occur due to jolting. This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. Specifically, please refer to Figures 1-8 , in order to ensure reliable longitudinal positioning of the optical instrument body 101 with a relatively large volume, this solution specially designs an adaptive adsorption function. The top surface of the mounting base 1 is arranged with a plurality of suction cups 109 in an array layout, and each suction cup 109 realizes linkage support through the integrally designed first connecting rod 121. It should be noted that corresponding communication holes 104 are also opened on the positioning disk 110. The first connecting rod 121 adopts a hollow tubular structure, its upper part is communicated with the inner cavity of the suction cup 109 to form a closed air path, and its lower part movably penetrates through the communication hole 104 of the positioning disk 110 through a precision guiding structure. A second spring 116 is arranged between the positioning disk 110 and the bottom of the first connecting rod 121. This spring is installed in a pre-compressed manner, which can not only provide an initial reset elastic force for the suction cup 109, but also ensure a smooth buffering stroke when the suction cup 109 is pressed. In particular, the first connecting rod 121 and the communication hole 104 adopt an interference fit design, and the mating surface is specially polished, effectively reducing the frictional resistance while ensuring the movement accuracy. This overall air path communication structure combined with the elastic support design enables the suction cup 109 to not only adaptively adjust the height according to the weight of the instrument, but also maintain stable airtight performance, creating ideal conditions for subsequent negative pressure adsorption.

[0034] The present invention has made an innovative design in the gas path control mechanism. Inside each first connecting rod 121, a plugging block 113 that can axially slide is precisely assembled. The plugging block 113 is made of engineering plastic with a low friction coefficient and forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the first connecting rod 121. The bottom of the plugging block 113 is linked with the moving slide plate 105 through a rigidly connected second connecting rod 114. The second connecting rod 114 is designed with a slender rod structure and is provided with a guiding bushing at the part passing through the positioning disk 110 to ensure the accuracy of the movement trajectory. Particularly, the exhaust pipe 115 provided on the side wall of the first connecting rod 121 has its outlet end cleverly located in the buffer chamber formed by the moving slide plate 105 and the positioning disk 110. This unique gas path layout enables the system to freely discharge gas through the exhaust pipe 115 during the initial positioning stage, and after precise positioning, it can automatically cut off the exhaust passage through the downward movement of the plugging block 113.

[0035] When the optical instrument body 101 is placed on the mounting base 1, its own weight causes the suction cup 109 to produce a compressive displacement, and this mechanical action triggers a chain gas path response. The air inside the suction cup 109 is squeezed out through the hollow channel of the first connecting rod 121. At this time, the plugging block 113 is still in the upper position, forming a specific air flow guiding structure. The exhausted gas is diverted through the exhaust pipe 115 and finally enters the buffer chamber formed by the moving slide plate 105 and the positioning disk 110. In this stage, the system realizes the "pre - adsorption inhibition" function through a clever gas path design: Although the suction cup 109 generates a preliminary negative pressure due to exhaust, since the exhaust pipe 115 remains completely unobstructed, forming a pressure balance channel, the suction cup 109 only generates a moderate following force and does not form a complete adsorption. This progressive gas path control mechanism ensures that the optical instrument has the necessary degrees of freedom during the initial positioning stage, can perform fine - tuning alignment, and will not cause positioning deviation due to premature adsorption. At the same time, the moderate following force of the suction cup 109 can provide a preliminary stabilizing effect to prevent the instrument from experiencing accidental displacement during the positioning process.

[0036] It should be noted that a one - way gas check valve is also provided at the connection between the exhaust pipe 115 and the first connecting rod 121. This check valve is a commonly used and existing technology for those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here. This one - way flow check valve can ensure that gas can only be exhausted from the first connecting rod 121 into the exhaust pipe 115, and will not allow gas to flow back from the exhaust pipe 115 into the first connecting rod 121. This setting is also to ensure that after the air pressure in the buffer chamber formed by the moving slide plate 105 and the positioning disk 110 changes, the gas entering the buffer chamber formed by the moving slide plate 105 and the positioning disk 110 will not flow back into the first connecting rod 121, thereby affecting the "pre - adsorption inhibition" effect of the suction cup 109 in the early stage.

[0037] Subsequently, during the positioning operation of the optical instrument body 101, the linkage mechanism of the clamping assembly 2 comes into play. It should be noted that in the initial state, the static position of the clamping guard plate 201 keeps the connecting rope 205 moderately tensioned, and this pre-tensioned state has a dual effect: on the one hand, the rope tension maintains the moving slide plate 105 arranged in the receiving chute 108 at the preparatory position; on the other hand, it enables the first spring 106 to store sufficient elastic potential energy. When the clamping guard plate 201 starts to move for central positioning, the tension of the connecting rope 205 is gradually released as the guard plate moves, while the first spring 106 simultaneously unfolds the elastic potential energy it stores, driving the moving slide plate 105 to move smoothly downward.

[0038] A corresponding sealing solution is specifically adopted for the penetrating part of the connecting rope 205. This sealing structure adopts a multi-layer composite design: the outermost layer is a wear-resistant guide bushing to ensure the accuracy of the linear movement of the connecting rope 205; the middle layer is provided with a labyrinth seal ring to increase the gas escape resistance through the tortuous flow path; the innermost layer adopts a flexible seal lip structure that can adaptively compensate for the minor unevenness on the surface of the connecting rope 205. This composite sealing system completely blocks the gas leakage path while maintaining the flexibility of the rope movement.

[0039] Meanwhile, to ensure the movement coordination of the moving slide plate 105, the system also adopts a pneumatic assistance mechanism - air bags 202 are arranged inside the other two groups of moving chutes 102. When the corresponding clamping guard plate 201 moves inward, the moving slider 203 connected to it will apply a uniform extrusion force to the air bags 202. This ingenious design enables the compressed gas to be transmitted through the delivery air pipe 207 to the gap between the moving slide plate 105 and the positioning disk 110, forming a stable pneumatic driving force. This dual-action mechanism combining mechanical traction and pneumatic drive not only ensures that the downward movement of the moving slide plate 105 is more smooth and stable but also effectively eliminates the impact vibration that may be generated by pure mechanical transmission through the buffering characteristics of the air pressure. During the whole process, the guiding function of the fixed pulley 204 ensures the transmission efficiency of the connecting rope 205, and the air pressure adjustment function of the air bags 202 provides the system with an adaptive compensation ability, enabling the optical instrument to obtain more accurate position control and more reliable support stability during the positioning process.

[0040] The downward movement of the moving skateboard 105 drives the plugging block 113 inside the first connecting rod 121 to slide downward synchronously through the fixedly connected second connecting rod 114. At this time, the downward movement of the plugging block 113 effectively closes the communication channel between the inner cavity of the first connecting rod 121 and the exhaust pipe 115. At this time, since the volume of the sealed cavity formed by the suction cup 109 and the first connecting rod 121 is expanded, a significant negative pressure effect is generated inside, and the suction cup 109 immediately begins to generate a stable adsorption force on the bottom surface of the optical instrument body 101. As the adsorption process continues, a tight connection is finally achieved between the suction cup 109 and the bottom of the optical instrument body 101, thereby providing a stable longitudinal positioning.

[0041] Embodiment 3 is intended to ensure that the first connecting rod 121 and the suction cup 109 at its top can still remain stable after adsorption, so as to avoid the problem that the adsorption and positioning effect on the optical instrument body 101 is affected by accidental displacement. This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 2. Specifically, please refer to Figures 1-8 , and several groups of engaging components are also arranged circumferentially around the first connecting rod 121. Each group of engaging components includes an air storage bag 117, a corrugated pipe 118, and a positioning snap ring 119 with engaging teeth.

[0042] The air storage bag 117 is communicated with the corrugated air bag 111 located below the moving skateboard 105 through a connecting air pipe 120. One end of the corrugated pipe 118 is fixedly connected to the air storage bag 117, and the other end is rigidly connected to the positioning snap ring 119.

[0043] Its working principle is as follows: When the moving skateboard 105 moves downward, this action not only compresses the first spring 106 to form a preliminary buffer, but also squeezes the corrugated air bag 111 also arranged below the moving skateboard 105, and causes a pressure change inside the corrugated air bag 111. Therefore, part of the gas inside the corrugated air bag 111 will be pressed into the corresponding air storage bag 117 through the connecting air pipe 120. Driven by this gas injection, the air storage bag 117 expands. Since the corrugated pipe 118 is connected between the expanded air storage bag 117 and the positioning snap ring 119, the expansion force of the air storage bag 117 is transmitted through the corrugated pipe 118, and the positioning snap ring 119 is pushed to gradually approach the central first connecting rod 121.

[0044] Finally, the positioning snap ring 119 with teeth is firmly snapped onto the surface of the first connecting rod 121 to form a reliable mechanical lock. This locking mechanism effectively prevents the displacement of the first connecting rod 121 caused by the accidental movement of the mounting base 1, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable adsorption effect of the suction cup 109 on the bottom of the optical instrument body 101. In addition, the flexible design of the bellows 118 allows the positioning snap ring 119 to make a certain angle of adaptive adjustment during the clamping process, ensuring that the positioning snap ring 119 can more effectively adapt to the position of the first connecting rod 121 and achieve a tight and firm clamping fixation.

[0045] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0046] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rigid-flexible combined support structure for an optical instrument, comprising a mounting base and an optical instrument body, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of moving sliding grooves are formed in the installation base, and a clamping component for clamping the optical instrument body in the horizontal direction is provided in each group of the moving sliding grooves. An adsorption and positioning component is further provided on the tabletop of the installation base, and the adsorption and positioning component is used for longitudinally adsorbing and positioning the optical instrument body; The adsorption and positioning component is composed of a suction cup, a first connecting rod and a second spring. A plurality of suction cups are provided on the top tabletop of the installation base. Each of the plurality of suction cups is movably inserted into a communication hole through a fixedly connected first connecting rod. A communication structure is formed between the suction cup and the corresponding first connecting rod. A second spring is provided between the bottom of the first connecting rod and the positioning disc; A receiving sliding groove is further provided inside the installation base. A moving sliding plate is slidably arranged in the receiving sliding groove. A positioning disc is fixedly arranged above the moving sliding plate. A first spring is assembled between the moving sliding plate and the inner wall of the receiving sliding groove. A plurality of communication holes are evenly distributed on the tabletop of the installation base above the positioning disc; A plugging block is slidably assembled inside each first connecting rod. One end of a second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plugging block. The other end of the second connecting rod penetrates through the positioning disc and is fixedly connected to the moving sliding plate. An exhaust pipe is further communicated inside the first connecting rod. The outlet end of the exhaust pipe extends to the gap between the moving sliding plate and the positioning disc; A corrugated air bag is provided between the moving sliding plate and the receiving sliding groove; A fixed pulley is arranged inside a group of the moving sliding grooves. The fixed pulley is rotatably arranged below the moving slider in the clamping component. The fixed pulley is installed inside the installation base. A connecting rope is wound around the fixed pulley. One end of the connecting rope is hinged to the moving slider, and the other end of the connecting rope is hinged to the moving sliding plate.

2. The flexible and rigid combined support structure of an optical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of clamping components are provided on the positioning disc. Each group of clamping components includes an air storage bag, a corrugated pipe and a positioning clamping ring. Each group of clamping components is symmetrically arranged with the first connecting rod as the center. The air storage bag is communicated with the corrugated air bag through a connecting air pipe. One end of the corrugated pipe is fixedly connected to the air storage bag, and the other end is fixedly connected to the positioning clamping ring.

3. The rigid-flexible combined support structure of an optical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping component includes a clamping guard plate, a moving slider and an external hydraulic rod. The clamping guard plate is slidably arranged on the top tabletop of the installation base. The bottom of the clamping guard plate is rigidly connected to the moving slider. The moving slider is slidably assembled in the moving sliding groove formed in the installation base. One end of the external hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the side surface of the moving slider.

4. The flexible and rigid combined support structure of an optical instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping component further includes an accommodating air bag. The accommodating air bag is arranged inside each of the two groups of moving sliding grooves. The accommodating air bag is installed between the moving slider and the moving sliding groove.

5. An optical instrument rigid-flexible combined support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of a conveying air pipe is further connected to the accommodating air bag. The other end of the conveying air pipe is arranged between the moving sliding plate and the positioning disc.

6. An optical instrument, characterized in that, An optical instrument body supported by the rigid-flexible combined support structure of the optical instrument according to any one of claims 1-5.

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