A photothermal component with a hexagonal three-division structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic assembly technology, specifically disclosing a photovoltaic assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure, comprising a photovoltaic laminate, a collector, and a frame covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate and the collector; the photovoltaic laminate comprises, from bottom to top, a front plate, a front encapsulation material, a battery layer, a rear encapsulation material, and a rear plate; the collector comprises a second metal plate and a first metal plate, the top surface of the first metal plate being provided with a second metal plate, and the upper surface of the second metal plate being provided with an inlet area, a diversion area, an evaporation area, a guide area, a confluence area, and an outlet area. Through geometric structure innovation and flow channel engineering optimization, the present invention achieves a balance between fluid mechanics, heat conduction, and structural strength, providing a new technical solution for efficient and safe photovoltaic integrated equipment, with significant engineering application value and market competitiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photothermal components, and in particular to a photothermal component with a hexagonal three-division structure. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global demand for clean energy, integrated solar thermal technology (PVT) has become a key approach to improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Traditional photovoltaic modules can only convert a portion of solar energy into electricity. Unconverted heat energy is not only wasted but also causes module temperatures to rise, reducing power generation efficiency. Traditional solar water heaters can only recover heat energy but cannot simultaneously output electricity. The core bottlenecks of existing photovoltaic modules are as follows:

[0003] Uneven fluid distribution and low heat exchange efficiency: Traditional collectors often use rectangular or honeycomb flow channel structures. This creates dead zones during the refrigerant's phase change process, leading to significant temperature differences across the collector surface (maximum temperature differences can exceed 10°C). This not only affects the photovoltaic cell's power generation performance but also accelerates material aging due to localized overheating. Furthermore, traditional pattern designs have limited heat exchange area, and eddies are prone to forming at flow channel corners, increasing flow resistance and reducing heat exchange efficiency by 30% to 40%.

[0004] Insufficient pressure bearing capacity and safety hazards: Traditional solar collector panels based on the inflation process have a maximum pressure bearing capacity of ≤3 MPa. In summer, the refrigerant pressure within the fluorine system approaches 3 MPa, failing to meet the required safety factor of 1.5 times the system's maximum operating pressure (i.e., a safe pressure bearing capacity of ≥4.5 MPa), posing a risk of panel explosion. Furthermore, the traditional structure lacks strength and cannot withstand the long-term, stable operation of high-pressure systems such as heat pumps and air conditioners.

[0005] Poor adaptability to multiple scenarios: The flow channel design of traditional solar thermal components lacks flexibility, making it difficult to achieve dynamic flow balance under different light intensities and ambient temperatures. This leads to significant fluctuations in the system's energy efficiency under complex working conditions and is unable to meet diversified energy needs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a photothermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic thermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure, comprising a photovoltaic laminate, a heat collector, and a frame covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate and the heat collector;

[0008] The photovoltaic laminate comprises, from bottom to top, a front plate, a front encapsulation material, a battery layer, a rear encapsulation material and a rear plate;

[0009] The heat collector comprises a second metal plate and a first metal plate, wherein the top surface of the first metal plate is provided with a second metal plate.

[0010] The upper surface of the second metal plate is provided with an inlet area, a diversion area, an evaporation area, a guide area, a confluence area and an outlet area;

[0011] The surface of the heat collector is provided with a working medium flow channel. The inlet area and the outlet area are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the heat collector. The diversion area and the confluence area are respectively connected to the inlet area and the outlet area. The evaporation area is formed by a special pattern structure arranged in sequence. After passing through the evaporation area, the working medium diffuses to the entire plate flow channel through the guide area, and finally gathers in the confluence area and flows out from the outlet area, forming a complete heat exchange process.

[0012] The heat collector is provided with reinforcing ribs in a strip-shaped or rib-shaped structure and is distributed at flow channel intervals in the evaporation area, the diversion area and the guide area.

[0013] Preferably, the evaporation zone is arranged in the middle of the collector and is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with Y-shaped patterns inside. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is divided into three completely identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas arranged in sequence and connected end to end with the diversion area and the guide area. After the working fluid enters through the hexagonal vertex, it diffuses synchronously along the three equally divided axes.

[0014] Preferably, the diversion area is composed of several diversion pipes, which are connected to the inlet area. The lines on both sides are radially fractal with the central axis as the axis of symmetry, extending from the main channel to both sides at an angle of 30 degrees to 60 degrees to form V-shaped units, forming a network structure for distributing and evenly introducing the working medium.

[0015] Preferably, the guide area is a flow channel network composed of multiple parallelograms, the corners are designed to be obtuse angles, and the flow channel pipes are arranged at equal intervals and cover the tail area of ​​the heat collecting plate; the working fluid enters the guide area after being dispersed from the evaporation area, and flows evenly into the secondary evaporation area through multiple guide pipes.

[0016] Preferably, the collector plate is provided with a rectangular mounting hole for the junction box, the width of which is ≤40 mm and the length is ≤80 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the frame has a slot for fixing the combined collector and the photovoltaic laminate, and the frame is made of aluminum alloy or plastic.

[0018] Preferably, the front panel of the photovoltaic laminate is tempered glass, the front packaging material is POE film, the rear packaging material is EPE film, and the rear panel is a KPK back panel, which are formed into a standard panel body after hot-melt lamination; the collector is formed by hot-rolling a double-layer aluminum plate, and the internal working fluid channel is made by a blowing process.

[0019] Preferably, the inlet area and outlet area of ​​the heat collector are connected to the diversion area and the confluence area respectively through φ8mm copper tubes, and the copper tubes are combined with the aluminum tubes extending from the aluminum plate by aluminum brazing.

[0020] Preferably, the inscribed circle radius of the hexagonal honeycomb structure is 17 mm, the flow channel width is 5 mm, and the internal Y-shaped lines divide the flow channel into three sector-shaped areas with a width of 4 mm, which are arranged in sequence to form two evaporation zones.

[0021] Preferably, the flow channel width of the guide area is 7 mm, and the angle of the parallelogram corners is ≥120 degrees to prevent excessive local pressure caused by vertical impact of the working fluid.

[0022] The present invention proposes a photothermal assembly with a hexagonal three-division structure, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Fluid uniformity and heat exchange efficiency are significantly improved:

[0024] The evaporation zone uses a hexagonal honeycomb structure with embedded Y-shaped patterns, dividing each hexagon into three 120-degree sector-shaped areas. This guides the working fluid to diffuse synchronously along the three equally divided axes. Combined with the radial fractal V-shaped units (30-60 degree angle) in the diversion zone, the flow distribution error of the working fluid in the collector is kept within 5%, the plate surface temperature difference (T_max-T_min) is kept within 3°C, and the standard deviation σ is kept within 1°C, which is more than 70% higher than that of traditional structures.

[0025] The parallelogram-shaped obtuse-angle flow channel in the guide area (corner angle ≥ 120°) reduces the impact of the working medium. Combined with the increased heat exchange area (flow channel width 5~7mm), the heat exchange efficiency is increased by 45%, the initial temperature of the refrigerant is increased by 15~20℃, and the energy consumption at the heat pump end is significantly reduced.

[0026] 2. Pressure bearing capacity exceeds safety standards:

[0027] The double-layer aluminum plate hot-rolling forming process combined with the hexagonal three-part structure enables the collector to burst at a pressure of 6.6MPa, far exceeding the safety threshold (4.5MPa) of 1.5 times the system's maximum operating pressure (3MPa). The pressure-bearing capacity is increased by 120%, completely solving the potential explosion risks of traditional structures. It is suitable for high-pressure fluorine systems and multiple working conditions.

[0028] 3. Structural strength and system stability optimization:

[0029] The fractal flow channel design decomposes local pressure, and combined with the slot fixing structure of the aluminum alloy frame, the overall deformation resistance of the component is improved by 30%, and the performance degradation rate under long-term operation is less than 5%;

[0030] The integrated solar-thermal design (the photovoltaic laminate and the collector are seamlessly joined through the frame) enables simultaneous power generation and heat recovery, and the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy is increased to more than 85%, which is more than 40% higher than traditional photovoltaic modules (only power generation) or water heaters (only heating).

[0031] In summary, [1] the present invention achieves a balance between fluid mechanics, heat conduction and structural strength through geometric structure innovation and flow channel engineering optimization, providing a new technical solution for efficient and safe integrated photothermal equipment, which has significant engineering application value and market competitiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the structure of the solar thermal component;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the collector structure diagram of the solar thermal component;

[0034] Figure 3 is the structural diagram of the evaporation area;

[0035] Figure 4 This is the temperature position diagram of the solar thermal component;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the experimental diagram of the fluorine circulation system;

[0037] Figure 6 is the collector temperature output curve;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the collector pressure test process;

[0039] Figure 8 Output surface for collector pressure test;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a physical picture of the solar thermal component.

[0041] In the figure: 100, photovoltaic laminate; 200, thermal collector; 300, frame;

[0042] 1. Front plate; 2. Front packaging material; 3. Battery layer; 4. Back packaging material; 5. Back plate;

[0043] 6. 201, second layer of metal plate, 202, first layer of metal plate;

[0044] 7. Diversion area; 8. Inlet area; 9. Rectangular mounting hole of junction box; 10. Outlet area; 11. Confluence area; 12. Evaporation area; 13. Guide area; 14. Reinforcement ribs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a photothermal component with a hexagonal three-division structure, comprising a photovoltaic laminate 100, a collector 200 and a frame 103 covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate 100 and the collector 200.

[0047] More specifically, the photovoltaic laminate 100 includes, from bottom to top, a front panel 1, a front packaging material 2, a battery layer 3, a rear packaging material 4 and a rear panel 5; the front panel 1 of the photovoltaic laminate 100 is tempered glass, the front packaging material 2 is POE film, the rear packaging material 4 is EPE film, and the rear panel 5 is a KPK back panel, which are formed into a standard panel body after hot-melt lamination; the collector 200 is a double-layer aluminum plate hot-rolled, and the internal working fluid channel is made by a blowing process.

[0048] Furthermore, the front panel 1 is made of tempered glass, 3-5mm thick and with a transmittance of ≥91%, to protect the internal structure and transmit light. The front encapsulation material 2 is POE film, 0.3-0.5mm thick, used to bond the front panel 1 to the battery layer 3. The battery layer 3 consists of multiple solar cells connected in series and parallel, connected by solder ribbons to form a power generation unit. The rear encapsulation material 4 is EPE film, 0.3-0.5mm thick, used to bond the battery layer 3 to the back panel 5. The back panel 5 is a KPK backsheet, 0.2-0.3mm thick, which provides waterproof, insulating, and aging-resistant properties. These components are formed into a single integrated panel through a hot-melt lamination process (temperature 130-150°C, pressure 0.1-0.3MPa). After cooling, rectangular mounting holes 9 (width ≤40mm, length ≤80mm) are opened at predetermined locations for mounting the electrical junction box.

[0049] More specifically, the heat collector 200 includes a second metal plate 201 and a first metal plate 202 , wherein the second metal plate 201 is disposed on the top surface of the first metal plate 202 ;

[0050] The upper surface of the second metal plate 201 is provided with an inlet area 8, a diverter area 7, an evaporation area 12, a guide area 13, a confluence area 11 and an outlet area 10; the surface of the collector 200 is provided with a working medium flow channel, the inlet area 8 and the outlet area 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the collector, the diverter area 7 and the confluence area 11 are connected with the inlet area 8 and the outlet area 10 respectively, the evaporation area 12 is formed by a special texture structure arranged in sequence, and the working medium passes through the evaporation area 12 and diffuses to the entire plate flow channel through the guide area 13, and finally gathers at the confluence area 11 and flows out from the outlet area 10, forming a complete heat exchange process.

[0051] The collector 200 is provided with reinforcing ribs 14 inside. The reinforcing ribs 14 are strip-shaped or rib-shaped structures, distributed at the flow channel intervals of the evaporation area 12, the diversion area 7 and the guide area 13, and are integrally formed with the double-layer aluminum plate through a hot rolling process; the reinforcing ribs 14 have a thickness of 0.5~1.5mm and a width of 2~4mm, and their extension direction is consistent with the direction of the working medium flow channel or is cross-arranged to enhance the overall structural strength of the collector.

[0052] Furthermore, the working fluid flow and heat transfer process:

[0053] The circulation path of the working fluid (such as Freon refrigerant) in the system is as follows:

[0054] Inlet area 8: The working fluid is driven by the compressor into the collector and is evenly distributed to the evaporation area 12 through the fractal flow channel of the diversion area 7;

[0055] Evaporation zone 12: The working fluid undergoes a phase change (liquid to gas) within the hexagonal honeycomb structure, absorbing the heat generated by the photovoltaic laminate. The Y-shaped pattern guides the working fluid to diffuse synchronously, reducing dead angles in the flow.

[0056] Guide area 13: The gaseous working medium diffuses to the entire plate through the parallelogram flow channel to avoid local pressure concentration, and then enters the secondary evaporation area 15 for secondary heat exchange;

[0057] Confluence area 11 and outlet area 10: After the working fluid is gathered, it flows out of the collector and enters the heat exchanger of the subsequent heat pump or air conditioning system. After releasing heat, it is throttled by the expansion valve to complete the cycle.

[0058] More specifically, the evaporation zone 12 is arranged in the middle of the collector 200, and is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with a Y-shaped pattern inside. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is divided into three completely identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas arranged in sequence, and is connected end to end with the diversion area 7 and the guide area 13. After the working fluid enters through the hexagonal vertex, it diffuses synchronously along the three equally divided axes. The radius of the inscribed circle of the hexagonal honeycomb structure is 17 mm, and the flow channel width is 5 mm. The internal Y-shaped pattern divides the flow channel into three fan-shaped areas with a width of 4 mm, which are arranged in sequence to form two evaporation zones.

[0059] Furthermore, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The evaporation zone 12 is composed of an array of regular hexagonal honeycomb units. The radius of the inscribed circle of a single hexagon is 17mm, and the center distance between adjacent hexagons is 20mm, forming a tightly packed honeycomb flow channel network. The inner wall of each hexagon is equipped with three Y-shaped guide fins, with a height of 0.8mm and a thickness of 0.5mm. The fins are evenly distributed at 120 degrees with the geometric center of the hexagon as the intersection point, dividing the internal flow channel into three identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas (a single fan-shaped area is 4mm wide and has an arc length of 9mm). The upstream is connected to the end outlet of the diversion zone 7 through a diversion branch pipe. Each hexagon vertex corresponds to a diversion branch pipe (diameter 3mm), and the working fluid enters the fan-shaped area tangentially from the vertex. The downstream is connected to the parallelogram flow channel inlet of the diversion zone 13 through a diversion branch pipe. The end of the fan-shaped area transitions to the diversion branch pipe at a 45° angle to reduce flow resistance. After the working fluid (liquid refrigerant) enters the hexagonal vertices, it is guided by the Y-shaped fins and diffuses radially synchronously along three equally divided axes (at angles of 0 degrees, 120 degrees, and 240 degrees to the horizontal plane, respectively), forming a three-dimensional symmetrical flow field; the fan-shaped areas of adjacent hexagons are interconnected by edge flow channels (width 2mm), ensuring that the working fluid flow distribution error in the entire evaporation zone is ≤5%.

[0060] During the core heat exchange phase of the evaporation zone, liquid refrigerant is accelerated through the V-shaped fractal flow channel of diversion zone 7 and enters the hexagonal vertices of evaporation zone 12 at a velocity of 0.3-0.5 m / s. Guided by the Y-shaped fins, it evenly fills the three fan-shaped regions. As heat from the back of the photovoltaic laminate 100 is transferred to the flow channel through the aluminum plate, the refrigerant undergoes a boiling phase transition within the fan-shaped regions. Bubbles are generated evenly along the fin surfaces and converge toward the central axis, forming a stable gas-liquid two-phase flow.

[0061] More specifically, the diversion area 7 is composed of several diversion pipes, which are connected to the inlet area 8. The central axis is used as the axis of symmetry, and the lines on both sides are radially fractal and extend from the main channel to both sides at an angle of 30 degrees to 60 degrees to form V-shaped units, forming a network structure (similar to the vein-like lines on butterfly wings) for distributing and evenly introducing the working fluid.

[0062] Furthermore, the main channel and the diversion logic are as follows: the main channel is connected to the inlet area 8 by welding a φ8mm copper tube. The cross-section of the main channel is rectangular (width 10mm, depth 1.5mm), and the length accounts for 15% of the total length of the collector (about 60mm); three equidistant guide ridges (height 1.5mm, spacing 20mm) are set on the inner wall of the main channel to evenly divide the working fluid flow into four tributaries, reducing the impact of inlet turbulence on the diversion accuracy.

[0063] Furthermore, the radial fractal flow channel network uses the central axis of the main channel as the symmetry axis and adopts a three-level fractal structure:

[0064] First-level branch: 8 pairs of V-shaped units extend from both sides of the main channel at a 45° angle. The opening angle of a single V-shaped unit is 60°. The branch pipe diameter is 6mm and the length is 15mm.

[0065] Secondary branches: Each primary branch bifurcates into two secondary branches at a 30° angle, with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 10 mm. The distance between adjacent secondary branches is 8 mm.

[0066] Tertiary branch: A capillary branch extends from the end of the secondary branch at a 45° angle, with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 8 mm, directly connecting to the hexagonal vertices of the evaporation area 12 (each hexagon corresponds to 3 capillary branches, which are respectively connected to the vertices of the three fan-shaped areas).

[0067] Flow channel geometry optimization: Rounded corners (R angle = 2mm) are used at the branch connections at all levels, the inner wall roughness is controlled to Ra≤1.2μm, and the fluid resistance coefficient is ≤0.15; the total flow cross-sectional area of ​​the fractal network is 1.8 times that of the main channel, which reduces the flow velocity of the working fluid from 1.2m / s to 0.3~0.5m / s before entering the evaporation zone, reducing flow noise and pressure fluctuations.

[0068] More specifically, the guide area 13 is a flow channel network composed of multiple parallelograms, with the corners designed to be obtuse angles. The flow channel pipes are arranged at equal intervals and cover the tail area of ​​the heat collecting plate. The working fluid is dispersed from the evaporation area 12 and enters the guide area 13, and flows evenly into the secondary evaporation area 15 through multiple guide pipes. The flow channel width of the guide area 13 is 7 mm, and the angle of the parallelogram corners is ≥120 degrees to prevent the vertical impact of the working fluid from causing excessive local pressure.

[0069] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the guide area 13 serves as a key area for diffusion and secondary distribution of the working medium;

[0070] Parallelogram flow channel network: The flow channel is composed of multiple parallelogram unit arrays with a side length of 10mm×15mm, with a spacing of 3mm between adjacent flow channels, covering 20% ​​of the rear area of ​​the collector plate (such as Figure 2 shown);

[0071] The angle of a single parallelogram is 120°~150° (preferably 135°), the flow channel depth is 1.2mm, and the width is 7mm. Ensure that the angle between the working medium flow direction and the side of the flow channel is ≥60° to avoid vertical impact.

[0072] Flow channel connection logic: The upstream is connected to the end of the hexagonal honeycomb structure of the evaporation zone 12 through a diversion branch pipe. A single hexagon corresponds to three diversion branches (diameter 4 mm), which are connected to the acute-angled vertex of the parallelogram at a 45° angle; the downstream is connected to the inlet end of the secondary evaporation zone 15, and the obtuse-angled vertex of the parallelogram is connected to the edge flow channel of the secondary evaporation zone through a converging branch pipe (diameter 6 mm), forming a "diffusion-reconcentration" flow path.

[0073] Working medium flow characteristics and diffusion process: The working medium (gaseous refrigerant) enters the guide area 13 from the evaporation area 12 at a flow rate of 0.5-0.8 m / s. Guided by the obtuse angles of the parallelogram, the flow direction is gradually deflected (deflection angle ≤ 60°) to avoid vortices caused by sudden turns.

[0074] Micro-turbulent protrusions (0.3mm height, 5mm spacing) are installed in the flow channel to enhance the heat exchange between the working fluid and the flow channel wall, increasing the gas-phase heat transfer coefficient to 220W / (m²・K). The equally spaced flow channel design (3mm spacing) ensures that the heat flux uniformity error at the rear of the plate is ≤4%.

[0075] Pressure buffering effect: The obtuse edge (≥120°) makes the working fluid impact angle α≤30° (α is the angle between the working fluid flow direction and the wall surface), and the impact pressure is reduced by 70% compared with the right-angle structure, and the local pressure drop is ≤5kPa, avoiding the sudden pressure rise phenomenon of the traditional right-angle flow channel.

[0076] More specifically, the frame 103 has a slot for fixing the combined collector 200 and the photovoltaic laminate 100. The frame 103 is made of aluminum alloy or plastic. The cross-section of the slot is "U"-shaped, with a slot width of 8mm and a depth of 5mm, which precisely matches the edge thickness (3~5mm) of the collector 200 and the photovoltaic laminate 100. Two parallel anti-slip ribs (height 0.5mm, spacing 3mm) are set on the inner wall of the slot to enhance the fixation reliability through mechanical bite and prevent the component from sliding.

[0077] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, specific implementation case 1:

[0078] The temperature uniformity test system includes heat pump system, power generation system, and temperature measurement system. Figure 5 , the test environment is outdoor AM1.5, the light intensity is about 800W / m, the air temperature = 24℃, and the wind speed = 1.5m / s;

[0079] The heat pump system includes a compressor, heat exchanger, expansion valve, and water tank;

[0080] The compressor power is 2P and the water tank is a 30L open water tank;

[0081] The power generation system includes solar thermal components, 1MTTP controller, and batteries;

[0082] The solar thermal module is 450W, the battery is 24V, and the capacity of the battery is 15A.H;

[0083] The temperature measurement system includes a multi-channel temperature tester and a PT100 temperature sensor;

[0084] The PT100 temperature sensor is set at 8 temperature measurement points distributed on the collector flow surface, such as Figure 4 As shown;

[0085] Temperature measuring points P1~P4 are evenly distributed on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb structure of the evaporation zone 12, with a spacing of 150 mm. Temperature measuring points P5~P6 are set on the center line of the parallelogram flow channel in the guide zone 13, 50 mm and 100 mm away from the boundary of the evaporation zone. Temperature measuring points P7~P8 are located at the inlet and outlet of the secondary evaporation zone (15) to monitor the temperature changes before and after the secondary heat exchange of the working medium.

[0086] System operation and testing process:

[0087] System startup: Turn on the compressor, set the frequency to 50Hz, and drive the R134a refrigerant to circulate at a flow rate of 0.8m³ / h; the solar thermal module begins to generate electricity, and the MPPT controller tracks the maximum power point in real time to charge the battery; the initial water temperature in the water tank is 20℃, and the circulating water pump drives the water circuit to circulate at a flow rate of 1.5m³ / h.

[0088] Preheating stage: The system runs continuously for 30 minutes to allow the temperature field to reach a stable state; monitor the compressor inlet and outlet pressures (1.6 MPa on the high-pressure side and 0.4 MPa on the low-pressure side) and the water temperature in the water tank (temperature rise rate of approximately 2°C / min).

[0089] Data collection: From 8:00 to 17:00, record the temperature data of 8 temperature measurement points every 5 minutes; simultaneously record parameters such as ambient temperature, light intensity, wind speed, etc.

[0090] 4. Test results and analysis: Temperature uniformity data (such as Figure 6 shown):

[0091] Maximum temperature difference: The temperature difference (T_max-T_min) at the eight temperature measurement points at all times of the day was ≤3°C, with the peak occurring at 13:00 (2.8°C);

[0092] Standard deviation: The standard deviation of temperature distribution σ≤1℃, indicating that the temperature in each area is highly consistent;

[0093] Temperature fluctuation: The single-point temperature fluctuation range is ≤±0.5℃, which proves that the system has good thermal stability.

[0094] In summary, when the system is running, the refrigerant starts to flow, driven by the compressor, and flows into the collector of the solar thermal module through the pipeline, absorbing the heat generated by photovoltaic power generation. The refrigerant is throttled by the expansion valve and enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cold water in the water tank, raising the water temperature. The water tank is open and the water circuit is constantly circulating. At the same time, the solar thermal module is in the power generation state, and is regulated by the 17MTTP controller and then enters the battery for charging. When the power generation system and heat pump system start to operate normally for 30 minutes, the multi-channel temperature tester is turned on to perform temperature uniformity measurement; the test time is 8:00-17:00; through temperature data analysis, it is concluded that; Figure 6 As shown; the maximum temperature difference between different points at the same time (T_max-T_min) ≤ 3℃, Standard deviation σ≤1℃.

[0095] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the following example, specific implementation case 2:

[0096] The pressure test machine is used to test the collector under pressure. The test environment is indoors at a temperature of about 20°C. After completing the preparation work, the test begins. The test process is as follows: Figure 7 As shown (equipment inspection, flushing and exhaust, sealing treatment, pressure maintenance and pressure increase, leakage detection, data output), the pressure is increased by 10% to 15% in each stage, and the pressure is maintained for 1 minute to observe deformation or leakage. According to the data, the maintenance pressure is 5MPA. The burst value obtained by continuing to increase the pressure is 6.6MPA, which exceeds the system's maximum operating pressure of 3MPA and the safe pressure range of 4.5MAP (the system's maximum operating pressure is 3×safety factor 1.5), ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0097] The details are as follows:

[0098] Test equipment: The maximum output pressure of the pressure burst tester is 100MPa, and the pressure control accuracy is ±0.1MPa; the pressure sensor has a range of 0~100MPa and an accuracy of 0.2, and monitors the internal pressure of the collector in real time; the data acquisition system has a sampling frequency of 10Hz and synchronously records the pressure-time curve (such as Figure 8 As shown); the customized aluminum alloy fixture for sealing tooling is adapted to the inlet area 8 and outlet area 10 of the collector 200 and is sealed with an O-ring (made of fluororubber, temperature resistant from -20°C to 200°C); the water filling and exhaust device is equipped with a vacuum pump (ultimate vacuum degree ≤10Pa) and a high-pressure water pump (maximum flow rate 5L / min) to ensure that the air in the flow channel is completely exhausted.

[0099] Test process and parameters: Indoor constant temperature 20±1℃, humidity ≤60%RH.

[0100] Operation steps (such as Figure 7 The process is shown as follows):

[0101] Deionized water is injected into the collector flow channel through the inlet area (8), and at the same time, the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the outlet area (10) (vacuum degree ≤ 50Pa) for 5 minutes until the bubbles in the flow channel are completely discharged; the exhaust valve is closed to keep the flow channel full of liquid, and the sealing tool is tightened with a torque wrench to ensure that there is no risk of leakage at the inlet and outlet connections.

[0102] Maintain and increase pressure: In the low-pressure stage, gradually increase the pressure to 3MPa (the maximum operating pressure of the system) with a pressure gradient of 10% (i.e., a pressure increase of 0.3MPa per stage), maintain the pressure for 1min in each stage, and observe the pressure drop (pressure drop ≤ 0.05MPa is qualified); in the high-pressure stage, continue to increase the pressure with a pressure gradient of 15% (i.e., a pressure increase of 0.675MPa per stage) to the safe pressure threshold of 4.5MPa (3MPa×1.5), maintain the pressure for 3min, and check for deformation; in the burst test, continue to increase the pressure at a rate of 0.5MPa / s until the collector ruptures, and record the burst pressure value.

[0103] Leak detection: During the pressurization process, check the weak points such as welds and interfaces by applying soapy water to ensure that no bubbles are generated.

[0104] Data output: Generate pressure-time curve (such as Figure 8 As shown), the stabilization pressure and bursting pressure are automatically calculated.

[0105] Test results and analysis:

[0106] Stable pressure verification: When the pressure rises to 5MPa, the system operates stably for 10 minutes, and the pressure drops by only 0.03MPa, indicating that the collector still has reliable sealing when the working condition exceeds the safety pressure threshold (4.5MPa).

[0107] Burst pressure data: When the pressure is continuously increased to 6.6 MPa, the collector breaks at the transition between the evaporation zone (12) and the diversion zone (13). The burst pressure value exceeds 2.2 times the maximum operating pressure of the system, meeting the design requirement of a safety factor of 1.5 (e.g. Figure 8 peak of the curve).

[0108] Failure mode analysis: The rupture location is the stress concentration area at the corner of the flow channel, and the fracture surface shows ductile fracture characteristics, which proves that the structural design has fully considered the material strength and the explosion mode is in line with expectations.

[0109] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photothermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure, comprising a photovoltaic laminate (100), a heat collector (200), and a frame (300) covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate (100) and the heat collector (200); characterized in that: The photovoltaic laminate (100) comprises, from bottom to top, a front plate (1), a front encapsulation material (2), a battery layer (3), a rear encapsulation material (4) and a rear plate (5); The heat collector (200) comprises a second metal plate (201) and a first metal plate (202), wherein the second metal plate (201) is provided on the top surface of the first metal plate (202); The upper surface of the second metal plate (201) is provided with an inlet area (8), a diversion area (7), an evaporation area (12), a guide area (13), a confluence area (11) and an outlet area (10); The collector (200) is provided with a working medium flow channel on its surface. The inlet area (8) and the outlet area (10) are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the collector. The diversion area (7) and the confluence area (11) are respectively connected to the inlet area (8) and the outlet area (10). The evaporation area (12) is arranged in the middle of the collector (200) and is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with a Y-shaped pattern inside. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is divided into three identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas and is connected end to end with the diversion area (7) and the guide area (13). After the working medium enters through the hexagonal vertex, it diffuses synchronously along the three equally divided axes. After passing through the evaporation area (12), the working medium diffuses through the guide area (13) to the entire plate flow channel, and finally is collected by the confluence area (11) and flows out from the outlet area (10), forming a complete heat exchange process. The heat collector (200) is provided with reinforcing ribs (14) inside, and the reinforcing ribs (14) are strip-shaped or rib-shaped structures and are distributed at flow channel intervals of the evaporation area (12), the diversion area (7), and the guide area (13); The diversion area (7) is composed of a plurality of diversion pipes, which are connected to the inlet area (8). The lines on both sides are radially fractal-shaped and extend from the main channel to both sides at an angle of 30 degrees to 60 degrees, forming a network structure for distributing and evenly introducing the working medium. The guide area (13) is a flow channel network composed of multiple parallelograms, with the corners designed to be obtuse angles. The flow channel pipes are arranged at equal intervals and spread over the tail area of ​​the heat collecting plate. The working fluid enters the guide area (13) after being dispersed from the evaporation area (12), and flows evenly into the secondary evaporation area (15) through multiple guide pipes.

2. The solar thermal module having a hexagonal three-division structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector (200) plate is provided with a junction box rectangular mounting hole (9), the width of which is ≤40 mm and the length is ≤80 mm.

3. The solar thermal module having a hexagonal three-division structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame (300) is provided with a slot for fixing the combined heat collector (200) and the photovoltaic laminate (100); the frame (300) is made of aluminum alloy or plastic.

4. The solar thermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front plate (1) of the photovoltaic laminate (100) is tempered glass, the front encapsulation material (2) is POE film, the rear encapsulation material (4) is EPE film, and the rear plate (5) is a KPK back plate, which are formed into a standard plate body after hot-melt lamination; the collector (200) is formed by hot rolling of a double-layer aluminum plate, and an internal working medium channel is formed by a blowing process.

5. The solar thermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inlet area (8) and outlet area (10) of the heat collector (200) are respectively connected to the diversion area (7) and the confluence area (11) via φ8mm copper tubes, and the copper tubes are combined with aluminum tubes extending from the aluminum plate by aluminum brazing.

6. The solar thermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inscribed circle radius of the hexagonal honeycomb structure is 17 mm, the flow channel width is 5 mm, and the internal Y-shaped lines divide the flow channel into three sector-shaped areas with a width of 4 mm, which are arranged in sequence to form two evaporation zones.

7. The solar thermal assembly having a hexagonal three-division structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow channel width of the guide area (13) is 7 mm, and the angle of the parallelogram is ≥120 degrees, so as to prevent the vertical impact of the working medium from causing excessive local pressure.

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