Phase change rock breaking device based on detonation excitation and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a detonation excitation-based phase change rock breaking device which comprises a first assembly and a second assembly, the first assembly comprises a liquid conveying pipe, an exhaust pipe and a soil retaining plate, a sealing seat is arranged at the lower end of the soil retaining plate, an excitation device is arranged at the lower end of the sealing seat, the second assembly comprises a base plate, a lower extension rod is arranged at the lower end of the base plate, and an absorber sleeves the lower extension rod. An expandable liquid storage body is arranged at the lower end of the base plate, a hollowed-out hole is formed in the center of the base plate, the sealing base blocks the hollowed-out hole and enables the excitation device to stretch into the liquid storage body, the first assembly and the second assembly are assembled into an integrated structure and placed in the blast hole, the portion, above the soil retaining plate, in the blast hole is filled with an overburden layer, and an absorber and the excitation device are arranged in the liquid storage body. The problem that the blasting effect is poor due to the fact that liquefied air rock breaking is low in detonation time precision and insufficient in liquefied air gasification is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of blasting construction, and in particular to a phase change rock breaking device and construction method based on detonation excitation. Background Art

[0002] In blasting engineering, accidents caused by explosive explosions occur frequently every year, bringing many environmental problems while causing safety problems, such as rock debris and flying dust, resulting in environmental pollution. Along with many severe problems brought by explosive blasting, non-blasting rock breaking technologies such as liquefied air rock breaking have become the key technologies studied in recent years. Compared with the traditional blasting method, the non-blasting rock breaking method has low noise, high safety, and low pollution, solving the rock breaking needs under many special conditions and limited construction operation conditions, and at the same time having good controllability, providing more opportunities for the realization of green rock breaking. However, at the same time, liquefied air rock breaking has problems such as low detonation time accuracy and poor blasting effect due to insufficient gasification of liquefied air. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a phase change rock breaking device and construction method based on detonation excitation, which solves the problems of low detonation time accuracy of liquefied air rock breaking and poor blasting effect due to insufficient gasification of liquefied air.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a phase change rock breaking device based on detonation excitation, including a first component and a second component. The first component includes an infusion pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a retaining plate. A closed seat is provided at the lower end of the retaining plate, and an excitation device is provided at the lower end of the closed seat. The second component includes a base plate. A downward extending rod is provided at the lower end of the base plate, and an absorber is sleeved on the downward extending rod. An expandable liquid storage is provided at the lower end of the base plate, and a hollow hole is provided in the center of the base plate. The closed seat plugs the hollow hole and makes the excitation device extend into the liquid storage. The first component and the second component are assembled into an integrated structure and placed in a blasting hole. The retaining plate in the blasting hole is filled with a covering soil layer above, and an absorber and an excitation device are provided in the liquid storage.

[0005] In a preferred solution, the absorber is a hollow cylindrical structure and is sleeved outside the infusion pipe, and the absorber is provided with a porous fibrous outer layer.

[0006] In a preferred solution, the infusion pipe is made of a conductive material, and one end of the infusion pipe extending out of the blasting hole is wound with a grounding wire, and a grounding rod is provided at the end of the grounding wire, and the grounding rod is inserted into the ground.

[0007] In a preferred solution, the combustion aid is liquid oxygen or liquid air.

[0008] In a preferred solution, the excitation device is provided with an electronic detonator and emulsion explosive, and the electronic detonator is provided with a detonating wire extending out of the blasting hole.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the closed seat is used to connect with the retaining plate, the exhaust pipe passes through the retaining plate so that the lower end is connected to the closed seat, a hollow rod is provided at the lower end of the closed seat, the excitation device is sleeved on the hollow rod, a transition air passage is also provided on the closed seat, the upper and lower ends of the transition air passage are respectively communicated with the exhaust pipe and the liquid storage, and the infusion pipe and the detonation wire are arranged in the exhaust pipe.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the exhaust pipe is slidably sleeved with the retaining plate, a plurality of guide blocks are circumferentially provided at the lower end of the retaining plate, an arc-shaped guide groove is provided in the guide block, the lower end of the arc-shaped guide groove faces the closed seat, the upper end of the arc-shaped guide groove faces the inner wall of the blasting hole, a plurality of deformable first anchor bolts are circumferentially provided at the upper end of the closed seat, the upper end of the first anchor bolt is inserted into the arc-shaped guide groove, a slidable floating sleeve is also sleeved on the hollow rod, a hole plug is provided at the upper end of the floating sleeve, a connecting air hole is provided between the transition air passage and the inner cavity of the liquid storage, and the hole plug is used to block the connecting air hole.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, an indicating sleeve block is provided at the upper end of the exhaust pipe.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of front guide seats are circumferentially provided at the upper end of the retaining plate, a second anchor bolt is slidably connected in each front guide seat, the second anchor bolt faces the inner wall of the blasting hole, a rear guide seat fixed on the retaining plate is also provided at one end of the front guide seat close to the exhaust pipe, the front guide seat and the rear guide seat are slidably sleeved, a convex ring flange is provided in the middle of each second anchor bolt, a spring is provided between the convex ring flange and the rear guide seat, a slot is provided on the retaining plate, and an insert piece is also provided, the insert piece is inserted into the slot and stops the convex ring flange, a slidable socket block is sleeved on the exhaust pipe, the socket block is connected to the insert piece through a first pull rope, a second pull rope is also provided on the socket block, and the second pull rope is pulled to make the socket block move upward and pull out the insert piece.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, Calculate the thickness of the overlying soil layer and the height of the liquid storage according to the depth of the blasting hole; Calculate the volume of the combustion improver in the liquid storage according to the height and inner diameter of the liquid storage; Calculate the total expansion multiple after the combustion improver is vaporized into a gas at normal temperature and pressure; Calculate the dosage of the emulsion explosive according to the total heat absorbed when the combustion improver is vaporized into a gas at normal temperature under standard atmospheric pressure; After assembling the liquid storage, the absorber, the excitation device, the detonation wire, the infusion pipe and the exhaust pipe, put them into the blasting hole; Use the overlying soil layer to cover and seal the liquid storage, install the grounding rod and the grounding wire to make the infusion pipe well grounded; Activate the electronic detonator, detonate the emulsion explosive, generate a large amount of heat to activate the combustion improver to produce a phase change, and the sharp increase in volume and pressure brought by the phase change completes rock breaking.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By adopting the form of combining a small amount of explosive with a phase change material, not only the amount of explosive used is greatly reduced, avoiding problems such as safety, pollution, and noise caused by the explosion of a large amount of explosive. At the same time, by using a trace amount of explosive to detonate, sufficient heat is provided for the phase change of liquefied air, increasing the power of rock breaking by the phase change of liquefied air; the difficulty and pressure of transporting a large amount of explosive are reduced, the requirements for the construction of an on-site explosive depot and the storage of pyrotechnic blasting materials are alleviated, and the blasting cost is reduced; the device is designed in the form of two components that are spliced together, which can be pre-installed before construction, without occupying the on-site cycle, and greatly saves construction time; a retaining plate is used to separate the rock breaking device from the overlying soil layer, avoiding the situation where soil blocks squeeze into the lower space of the blasting hole during backfilling, resulting in non-compliance of the liquid storage during liquid filling and affecting the blasting effect; an automatically triggered first anchor bolt is used to increase the contact force between the retaining plate and the hole body, avoiding the overlying soil layer being pushed out due to excessive expansion force of the liquid storage; a pull rope is used to control the second anchor bolt to embed into the hole body, enabling the rock breaking device to be installed at any position in a deep hole, without being limited by the drilling depth. Description of the Drawings

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the simple detonation phase change rock breaking device before liquid filling.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the simple detonation phase change rock breaking device after liquid filling.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the assembled detonation phase change rock breaking device before liquid filling.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembled detonation phase change rock breaking device after liquid filling.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first component.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a partially enlarged view of the first component.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the second component.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the device.

[0024] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of installing this device in a deep hole.

[0025] Figure 10 It is an enlarged view at the second anchor bolt.

[0026] Figure 11 It is a distribution diagram of the second anchor bolt.

[0027] Figure 12 It is the structural diagram of the second anchor bolt.

[0028] In the figure: liquid storage 1; absorber 2; excitation device 3; electronic detonator 301; emulsion explosive 302; substrate 4; downward extension rod 401; hollow hole 402; infusion tube 5; exhaust pipe 6; blasting hole 7; retaining plate 8; sealing seat 801; first anchor bolt 802; guiding block 803; arc-shaped guiding groove 804; hollow rod 805; transition air duct 806; transition hole 807; rubber sealing layer 808; floating sleeve 809; hole plug 810; connecting air hole 811; thin-diameter guiding rod 812; limiting sliding groove 813; detonation wire 9; overburden layer 10; grounding rod 11; grounding wire 1101; hole mouth frame 12; indicating sleeve block 13; combustion improver 14; first component 15; second component 16; first pulling rope 17; second pulling rope 18; third pulling rope 19; socket block 20; second anchor bolt 21; front guiding seat 2101; rear guiding seat 2102; slot 2103; spring 2104; convex ring flange 2105; inserting piece 22. Specific implementation manner

[0029] Embodiment 1: As Figures 1-12 In, a phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation includes a first component 15 and a second component 16. The first component 15 includes an infusion tube 5, an exhaust pipe 6 and a retaining plate 8. A sealing seat 801 is provided at the lower end of the retaining plate 8, and an excitation device 3 is provided at the lower end of the sealing seat 801. The second component 16 includes a substrate 4. A downward extension rod 401 is provided at the lower end of the substrate 4. An absorber 2 is sleeved on the downward extension rod 401. An expandable liquid storage 1 is provided at the lower end of the substrate 4. A hollow hole 402 is provided in the center of the substrate 4. The sealing seat 801 plugs the hollow hole 402 and makes the excitation device 3 extend into the liquid storage 1. The first component 15 and the second component 16 are assembled into an integral structure and placed in the blasting hole 7. The overburden layer 10 is filled above the retaining plate 8 in the blasting hole 7. The absorber 2 and the excitation device 3 are provided in the liquid storage 1.

[0030] The liquid storage 1 has an open upper end and a substrate 4 is provided at the opening. A plurality of downward extension rods 401 are provided along the circumference at the lower end of the substrate 4.

[0031] The absorber 2 is sleeved on the downward extension rod 401. A hollow hole 402 is provided in the center of the substrate 4, and a sealing seat 801 is arranged at the hollow hole 402.

[0032] For relatively shallow blasting holes 7, a hole mouth frame 12 can be provided at the upper end of the retaining plate 8. The upper end of the hole mouth frame 12 is larger than the diameter of the blasting hole 7 and is stuck on the upper port of the blasting hole 7. A plurality of connecting shafts are provided under the hole mouth frame 12 and pull the retaining plate 8. The diameter of the retaining plate 8 is equivalent to the inner diameter of the blasting hole 7. When backfilling the soil, most of the soil blocks are blocked by the retaining plate 8 and will not fall into the space below the retaining plate 8.

[0033] The lower end of the infusion tube 5 is inserted into the lower end of the liquid storage 1, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe 6 communicates with the upper end of the liquid storage 1. The liquid-phase changeable combustion promoter 14 is filled into the absorber 2 through the infusion tube 5, and the absorber 2 absorbs the combustion promoter 14.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the absorber 2 is a hollow cylindrical structure and is sleeved outside the infusion tube 5, and the absorber 2 is provided with a porous fibrous outer layer.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the infusion tube 5 is made of a conductive material. One end of the infusion tube 5 extending out of the blasting hole 7 is wound with a grounding wire 1101, and a grounding rod 11 is provided at the end of the grounding wire 1101, and the grounding rod 11 is inserted into the ground.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the combustion promoter 14 is liquid oxygen or liquid air.

[0037] The higher the liquid oxygen content in the liquid air, the better the combustion promoting effect during explosion, and liquid oxygen can also be directly filled.

[0038] The contents of the electronic detonator 301 and the emulsion explosive 302 are less, which increases safety.

[0039] The absorber 2 can be made of roll paper, the infusion tube 5 can be made of an aluminum tube, the liquid storage 1 can be made of a waterproof bag, and the excitation device 3 is internally provided with a cavity for accommodating the electronic detonator 301 and the emulsion explosive 302 and is externally provided with multiple protective layers. During assembly, the excitation device 3 with the detonation wire 9 and multiple rolls of paper are sleeved on the infusion tube 5, the waterproof bag is put on, and the infusion tube 5 and the exhaust pipe 6 are inserted into the waterproof bag and sealed to form an integral structure.

[0040] After the liquid oxygen is filled into the liquid storage 1, due to the rise of the external temperature, the pressure in the blasting hole 7 is also much smaller than that in the liquid oxygen tank, and the liquid oxygen has a tendency to vaporize. Therefore, it is necessary to cover a certain thickness of soil layer above the liquid storage 1 to provide a closed environment, maintain low temperature, and restrain the vaporization tendency.

[0041] Therefore, the construction personnel insert the integral structure into the blasting hole 7 and backfill the soil layer at the hole opening. One end of the infusion tube 5 communicates with the liquid oxygen pipe, and the liquid oxygen is pumped into the liquid storage 1, and the absorber 2 absorbs the liquid oxygen. After the liquid storage 1 is full, a small amount of liquid oxygen will spray out along the exhaust pipe 6, and the pumping can be stopped in time.

[0042] After the personnel evacuate, the excitation device 3 is remotely detonated through the detonation wire 9, so that the absorber 2 is ignited, and the remaining liquid combustion promoter 14 rapidly vaporizes, and the liquid storage 1 expands sharply and acts on the blasting hole 7 to break the rock.

[0043] Such as Figures 1-2, since the liquid storage 1 is made of a flexible material such as a waterproof bag, when the integrated structure is just fabricated, the liquid storage 1 is in a relatively flattened and contracted state, and there is a gap between the liquid storage 1 and the inner wall of the blasting hole 7. When backfilling the soil, some soil blocks will directly embed into this cavity and occupy a certain volume, resulting in that when liquid oxygen is subsequently filled, the liquid storage 1 cannot reach the predetermined volume, and the liquid oxygen filling is insufficient, affecting the blasting power.

[0044] In a preferred solution, an electronic detonator 301 and an emulsion explosive 302 are provided in the excitation device 3, and the electronic detonator 301 is provided with a detonating wire 9 extending out of the blasting hole 7.

[0045] In a preferred solution, the upper end of the closing seat 801 is used to connect with the retaining plate 8, the exhaust pipe 6 passes through the retaining plate 8 so that the lower end is connected to the closing seat 801. The lower end of the closing seat 801 is provided with a hollow rod 805, the excitation device 3 is sleeved on the hollow rod 805, and the closing seat 801 is further provided with a transition air passage 806. The upper and lower ends of the transition air passage 806 are respectively communicated with the exhaust pipe 6 and the liquid storage 1, and the infusion pipe 5 and the detonating wire 9 are arranged in the exhaust pipe 6.

[0046] The transition air passage 806 is provided with a transition hole 807 communicating with the hollow rod 805. The infusion pipe 5 and the detonating wire 9 are inserted into the hollow rod 805, the transition hole 807, the transition air passage 806 and the exhaust pipe 6. A glue sealing layer 808 is filled at the transition hole 807 to separate the interior of the transition air passage 806 from the hollow rod 805.

[0047] The hollow rod 805 and the exhaust pipe 6 are coaxially arranged.

[0048] The infusion pipe 5 extends out of the lowermost end of the hollow rod 805. The cavity between the inner wall of the lower port of the hollow rod 805 and the outer wall of the infusion pipe 5 is filled with glue for sealing to prevent liquid oxygen from entering the hollow rod 805. The upper end of the infusion pipe 5 passes through the transition hole 807, the transition air passage 806 and the exhaust pipe 6 and then reaches the ground, and a quick connector with the main pipe is reserved.

[0049] The detonating wire 9 is led out from the excitation device 3 and then penetrates into the hollow rod 805, passes through the transition hole 807 and the transition air passage 806 and then enters the exhaust pipe 6 and exposes to the ground from the upper end of the exhaust pipe 6.

[0050] During assembly, first install the orifice frame 12, the retaining plate 8, the closing seat 801, the excitation device 3, etc. into the first component 15. Sleeve the absorber 2 on the lower extension rod 401, and put on the liquid storage 1. The upper port of the liquid storage 1 is bonded to the substrate 4 to form the second component 16. Subsequently, insert the lower end of the hollow rod 805 with the excitation device 3 installed from the hollow hole 402. The closing seat 801 is provided with a threaded flange and is connected to the substrate 4 by screwing at the hollow hole 402 to connect the closing seat 801 and the substrate 4 as a whole, and the installation of the first component 15 and the second component 16 is completed.

[0051] Since the depth of the blasting hole 7 varies randomly according to the on-site working conditions, if the blasting hole 7 is relatively shallow, it may be that the depth of the overburden layer 10 is insufficient, and it is easy to wash away the overburden layer 10 during blasting, failing to achieve the impact strength on the underlying rock.

[0052] In the preferred solution, the exhaust pipe 6 is slidably sleeved with the retaining plate 8. A plurality of guide blocks 803 are provided along the circumference at the lower end of the retaining plate 8. An arc-shaped guide groove 804 is provided in the guide block 803. The lower end of the arc-shaped guide groove 804 faces the closed seat 801, and the upper end of the arc-shaped guide groove 804 faces the inner wall of the blasting hole 7. A plurality of deformable first anchor pins 802 are provided along the circumference at the upper end of the closed seat 801. The upper ends of the first anchor pins 802 are inserted into the arc-shaped guide groove 804. A slidable floating sleeve 809 is also sleeved on the hollow rod 805. A hole plug 810 is provided at the upper end of the floating sleeve 809. A connecting air hole 811 is provided between the transition air passage 806 and the inner cavity of the liquid storage 1. The hole plug 810 is used to block the connecting air hole 811.

[0053] The first anchor pin 802 is initially bent in the arc-shaped guide groove 804. Since the second assembly 16 is relatively light, it can lift and hold the lower substrate 4 and other components. The head tip section of the first anchor pin 802 extending out of the first anchor pin 802 is in a straight state, and a stud section is provided to be screwed into the end of the deformable section of the arc-shaped guide groove 804. The material with higher hardness is not easily deformed. Therefore, even after being filled with liquid oxygen, the second assembly 16 becomes heavier, and the first anchor pin 802 will not come out of the arc-shaped guide groove 804.

[0054] A limit sliding groove 813 is provided at the docking position of the hollow rod 805 and the closed seat 801. Initially, the floating sleeve 809 is located at the lower end of the limit sliding groove 813. The thin-diameter guiding rod 812 at the upper end of the hole plug 810 is located in the connecting air hole 811. The diameter of the thin-diameter guiding rod 812 is smaller than that of the connecting air hole 811, which does not affect ventilation.

[0055] As the liquid oxygen fills up, since the density of the floating sleeve 809 is less than that of the liquid oxygen, the floating sleeve 809 floats upward. At the same time, the residual air at the uppermost end is discharged. Under the guidance of the thin-diameter guiding rod 812, the hole plug 810 and the connecting air hole 811 are concentrically matched to block the connecting air hole 811, preventing the liquid oxygen from spraying out of the exhaust pipe 6 and causing waste.

[0056] When continuing to fill with liquid oxygen, if the storage liquid 1 is made of waterproof cloth material, the originally wrinkled storage liquid 1 gradually recovers and expands until it contacts the inner wall of the blasting hole 7. If the storage liquid 1 is at the bottom of the hole, the storage liquid 1 expands upward. If the storage liquid 1 is not at the bottom of the hole, due to the large contact friction between the storage liquid 1 and the blasting hole 7, the storage liquid 1 will no longer move up and down along the blasting hole 7, but the upper part expands upward and the lower part expands downward. In either of the above cases, the substrate 4 will be pushed up. Since the first anchor 802 has a certain deformation ability, the first anchor 802 changes to be inserted horizontally into the inner wall of the blasting hole 7 along the arc-shaped guide groove 804 for anchoring, preventing the expansion force from being greater than the gravity of the overburden layer 10 and causing the overburden layer 10 to be pushed out until the substrate 4 rises to be close to the retaining plate 8 and is blocked.

[0057] If the side wall of the blasting hole 7 is a broken rock structure, after the tip of the first anchor 802 is embedded in the rock fracture, the rear end curls and deforms under the extrusion of the substrate 4. The elastic force formed by the curling makes the tip of the first anchor 802 continuously embedded in the side wall of the blasting hole 7, and the curling structure itself contacts with the side wall of the blasting hole 7 to form a friction and hook structure, ensuring that the retaining plate 8 is firmly fixed to the side wall of the blasting hole 7.

[0058] In a preferred solution, an indicating sleeve block 13 is provided at the upper end of the exhaust pipe 6.

[0059] The indicating sleeve block 13 has a color. When the substrate 4 rises, the indicating sleeve block 13 at the upper end of the exhaust pipe 6 rises simultaneously. When the indicating sleeve block 13 no longer rises, the detonator personnel in the distance, after observing, stop pumping liquid oxygen.

[0060] In a preferred solution, a plurality of front guide seats 2101 are provided along the circumferential direction at the upper end of the retaining plate 8. A second anchor 21 is slidably connected in each front guide seat 2101. The second anchor 21 faces the inner wall of the blasting hole 7. A rear guide seat 2102 fixed to the retaining plate 8 is also provided at one end of the front guide seat 2101 close to the exhaust pipe 6. The front guide seat 2101 and the rear guide seat 2102 are slidably sleeved. A convex ring flange 2105 is provided in the middle of each second anchor 21. A spring 2104 is provided between the convex ring flange 2105 and the rear guide seat 2102. A slot 2103 is provided on the retaining plate 8, and an insert piece 22 is also provided. The insert piece 22 is inserted into the slot 2103 and blocks the convex ring flange 2105. A slidable socket block 20 is sleeved on the exhaust pipe 6. The socket block 20 is connected to the insert piece 22 through a first pulling rope 17. A second pulling rope 18 is also provided on the socket block 20. Pull the second pulling rope 18 to move the socket block 20 upward and pull out the insert piece 22.

[0061] The upper end of the exhaust pipe 6 can be connected with a third pulling rope 19 for easy holding.

[0062] A screw with adjustable insertion depth can be installed along the outer edge of the socket block 20. When the first pulling rope 17 is straightened, it is in a vertical state. When the socket block 20 is not pulled, due to gravity, the screw on the outer edge presses on the insert piece 22 to prevent the insert piece 22 from coming out.

[0063] For a relatively deep blasting hole 7, the construction worker holds the exhaust pipe 6 and lowers the entire device to the predetermined depth. Then, the second pulling rope 18 is pulled to lift the socket block 20. The lengths of the first pulling ropes 17 connecting the socket block 20 and the respective insert pieces 22 are different. Therefore, during the upward movement of the socket block 20, the second anchor bolts 21 are successively unlocked and released to prevent the device from being lifted as a whole when the second pulling rope 18 is pulled due to the excessive contact friction between the insert piece 22 and the side wall of the slot 2103, which is greater than the self-weight of the device. When all the second anchor bolts 21 are anchored on the side wall of the blasting hole 7, the socket block 20 is pulled out of the exhaust pipe 6.

[0064] Since potential energy is stored when the spring 2104 abuts against the convex ring flange 2105, when the insert piece 22 is pulled out, the second anchor bolt 21 quickly inserts into the side wall of the blasting hole 7 along the front guide seat 2101, realizing the hovering of the device at any position.

[0065] If the side wall of the blasting hole 7 is a sandy soil structure, the second anchor bolt 21 can be inserted deeper. If there are more crushed rock structures on the side wall, although the second anchor bolt 21 is inserted shallower, due to the high strength of the concave pit formed by the impact of the second anchor bolt 21 on the rock and the continuous pressure of the spring 2104, the retaining plate 8 can still be firmly fixed on the side wall of the blasting hole 7 to realize the hovering of the device.

[0066] In a preferred solution, Calculate the thickness of the overlying soil layer 10 and the height of the storage liquid 1 according to the depth of the blasting hole 7; Calculate the volume of the combustion promoter 14 in the storage liquid 1 according to the height and inner diameter of the storage liquid 1; Calculate the total expansion multiple after the combustion promoter 14 is vaporized into a gas at normal temperature and pressure; Calculate the dosage of the emulsion explosive 302 according to the total heat absorbed when the combustion promoter 14 is vaporized into a gas at normal temperature under standard atmospheric pressure; After assembling the storage liquid 1, the absorber 2, the excitation device 3, the detonation wire 9, the infusion tube 5, and the exhaust pipe 6, put them into the blasting hole 7; Use the overlying soil layer 10 to cover and seal the storage liquid 1, install the grounding rod 11 and the grounding wire 1101 to make the infusion tube 5 well grounded; Activate the electronic detonator 301 to detonate the emulsion explosive 302, and generate a large amount of heat to excite the combustion promoter 14 to produce a phase change. The sharp increase in volume and pressure brought about by the phase change completes the rock breaking.

[0067] Example 2: A device for rock breaking by detonation-induced phase change of liquefied air includes a liquid storage pipe arranged in a blasting hole. The liquid storage pipe is connected to an external liquefied air tanker or Dewar tank through an infusion pipe, and the liquefied air tanker or Dewar tank injects liquefied air into the liquid storage pipe through the infusion pipe. Preferably, the liquid storage pipe is made of flexible PE material with a thickness of not less than 0.2 mm; the infusion pipe is made of aluminum alloy material.

[0068] There is overlying soil on the top of the liquid storage pipe.

[0069] The infusion pipe is connected to a grounding rod through a connecting wire, and the grounding rod is buried in the undisturbed soil near the blasting hole. Preferably, the grounding wire is made of copper wire, and the grounding rod is made of tinned copper to reduce the grounding resistance and quickly conduct the static electricity generated by friction in the liquid storage pipe into the ground.

[0070] The liquid storage pipe is connected to the external air through an exhaust pipe to ensure the pressure balance inside and outside the liquid storage pipe. Preferably, the exhaust pipe is made of PU material.

[0071] An absorber is arranged inside the liquid storage pipe. The absorber is a hollow cylinder, and the infusion pipe passes through the hollow part of the absorber until the bottom of the liquid storage pipe; the absorber is immersed in liquefied air. Preferably, the absorber is made of a fluffy fibrous material with a high calorific value and easy combustion.

[0072] A detonation excitation device is arranged inside the liquid storage pipe. The detonation excitation device consists of emulsion explosive, electronic detonator, and lead wire.

[0073] The emulsion explosive and electronic detonator are arranged in the inner isolation layer. An outer isolation layer is arranged outside the inner isolation layer. The outer isolation layer is in contact with the liquid air, and the inner isolation layer and the outer isolation layer are filled with an adiabatic layer. Preferably, the emulsion explosive is of low-temperature resistance type and is added with an antifreeze agent. The electronic detonator uses low-temperature-resistant electronic components. The inner isolation layer and the outer isolation layer are made of PE material, and the adiabatic layer is made of polyurethane foam.

[0074] The lead wire sequentially passes through the inner isolation layer, the adiabatic layer, the outer isolation layer, the absorber, the liquid storage pipe, the overlying soil and is connected to an external initiator to receive the initiator command.

[0075] The electronic detonator is connected to an external initiator through a lead wire, and the electronic detonator is excited by the energy provided by the initiator to detonate the emulsion explosive.

[0076] A method for rock breaking by detonation-induced phase change of liquefied air, which is applied to the device for rock breaking by phase change of liquefied air, includes the following steps: S1. Calculate the thickness of the overlying soil and the height of the liquid storage pipe according to the depth of the blasting hole. Preferably, the thickness of the overlying soil is controlled at 3 - 4 m.

[0077] S2. Calculate the volume of liquid air in the tube based on the height and inner diameter of the liquid storage tube. Assume the bedrock thickness is 12 m, the depth of the blasting hole is 13 m, the hole diameter is 90 mm, the height of the liquid storage tube is 10 m, and the inner diameter is 70 mm. Preferably, the liquid air is pure liquid oxygen.

[0078] S3. Calculate the gas density and expansion multiple n1 at the boiling point temperature under standard atmospheric pressure based on the volume of liquid air. Preferably, the expansion multiple of liquid oxygen is 264.

[0079] S4. Calculate the volume expansion multiple n2 of gaseous air under normal temperature and pressure and the total expansion multiple n3 after the liquefied air vaporizes into a gas under normal temperature and pressure. Preferably, the expansion multiple of liquid oxygen is 860.

[0080] S5. Calculate the mass of liquid air based on the volume of liquid air in the liquid storage tube, and calculate the heat Q1 absorbed when heating up to the boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure. When heating from -185°C to -183°C, 22 kg of liquid oxygen absorbs 74.65 kJ of heat.

[0081] S6. Calculate the heat Q2 absorbed by the vaporization of liquefied air at a constant temperature under standard atmospheric pressure. Liquid oxygen absorbs 4676.50 kJ of heat when vaporizing at -183°C under standard atmospheric pressure.

[0082] S7. Calculate the heat Q3 absorbed when the vaporized air heats up from the boiling point to normal temperature under standard atmospheric pressure. Liquid oxygen absorbs 4201.39 kJ of heat when heating from -183°C to 25°C under standard atmospheric pressure.

[0083] S8. Calculate the amount of emulsion explosive used based on the total heat absorbed when the liquefied air vaporizes into a gas at normal temperature under standard atmospheric pressure. Under standard atmospheric pressure, when liquid oxygen vaporizes from -185°C to a gas at 25°C, the total heat absorption is 8952.54 kJ. Half of the heat is provided by the heat generated by the explosive, and 1.21 kg of emulsion explosive is required.

[0084] S9. After assembling the liquid storage tube, absorber, detonation excitation device, lead wire, infusion tube, and exhaust pipe, put them into the blasting hole.

[0085] S10. Use the covering soil to cover and seal the liquid storage tube, install the connecting wire and grounding rod, and make the infusion tube well grounded.

[0086] S11. Activate the electronic detonator through the aerator to detonate the emulsion explosive, and generate a large amount of heat to stimulate the liquid air to undergo a phase change. The sharp increase in volume and pressure brought about by the phase change completes rock breaking.

[0087] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation, characterized in that: It includes a first component (15) and a second component (16). The first component (15) includes an infusion tube (5), an exhaust pipe (6), and a retaining plate (8). A sealing seat (801) is provided at the lower end of the retaining plate (8), and an actuating device (3) is provided at the lower end of the sealing seat (801). The second component (16) includes a substrate (4). A downward extension rod (401) is provided at the lower end of the substrate (4), and an absorber (2) is sleeved on the downward extension rod (401). An expandable liquid reservoir (1) is provided at the lower end of the substrate (4). A hollow hole (402) is provided in the center of the substrate (4). The sealing seat (801) seals the hollow hole (402) and makes the actuating device (3) extend into the liquid reservoir (1). The first component (15) and the second component (16) are assembled into an integral structure and placed in a blasting hole (7). A covering soil layer (10) is filled above the retaining plate (8) in the blasting hole (7). The absorber (2) and the actuating device (3) are provided in the liquid reservoir (1).

2. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorber (2) is of a hollow cylindrical structure and is sleeved outside the infusion tube (5). The absorber (2) is provided with a porous fibrous outer layer.

3. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infusion tube (5) is made of a conductive material. One end of the infusion tube (5) extending out of the blasting hole (7) is wound with a grounding wire (1101), and a grounding rod (11) is provided at the end of the grounding wire (1101). The grounding rod (11) is inserted into the ground.

4. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 1, wherein: The combustion improver (14) is liquid oxygen or liquid air.

5. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electronic detonator (301) and emulsion explosive (302) are provided in the actuating device (3). A detonating wire (9) extending out of the blasting hole (7) is provided on the electronic detonator (301).

6. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper end of the sealing seat (801) is used to connect with the retaining plate (8). The exhaust pipe (6) passes through the retaining plate (8) so that the lower end is connected to the sealing seat (801). A hollow rod (805) is provided at the lower end of the sealing seat (801). The actuating device (3) is sleeved on the hollow rod (805). The sealing seat (801) is also provided with a transition air duct (806). The upper and lower ends of the transition air duct (806) are respectively communicated with the exhaust pipe (6) and the liquid reservoir (1). The infusion tube (5) and the detonating wire (9) are arranged in the exhaust pipe (6).

7. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe (6) is slidably sleeved with the retaining plate (8). A plurality of guide blocks (803) are provided along the circumferential direction at the lower end of the retaining plate (8). An arc-shaped guide groove (804) is provided in the guide block (803). The lower end of the arc-shaped guide groove (804) faces the sealing seat (801), and the upper end of the arc-shaped guide groove (804) faces the inner wall of the blasting hole (7). A plurality of deformable first anchor pins (802) are provided along the circumferential direction at the upper end of the sealing seat (801). The upper ends of the first anchor pins (802) are inserted into the arc-shaped guide groove (804). A slidable floating sleeve (809) is also sleeved on the hollow rod (805). A hole plug (810) is provided at the upper end of the floating sleeve (809). A connecting air hole (811) is provided between the transition air duct (806) and the inner cavity of the liquid reservoir (1). The hole plug (810) is used to block the connecting air hole (811).

8. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 7, characterized in that: An indicating sleeve block (13) is provided at the upper end of the exhaust pipe (6).

9. The phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 6, characterized in that: At the upper end of the retaining plate (8), a plurality of front guide seats (2101) are provided along the circumferential direction. A second anchor (21) with a sliding connection is arranged in each front guide seat (2101). The second anchor (21) faces the inner wall of the blasting hole (7). At one end of the front guide seat (2101) close to the exhaust pipe (6), a rear guide seat (2102) fixed on the retaining plate (8) is further provided. The front guide seat (2101) and the rear guide seat (2102) are slidably sleeved. A convex ring flange (2105) is arranged in the middle of each second anchor (21). A spring (2104) is arranged between the convex ring flange (2105) and the rear guide seat (2102). A slot (2103) is provided on the retaining plate (8), and a inserting piece (22) is further provided. The inserting piece (22) is inserted into the slot (2103) and stops the convex ring flange (2105). A slidable socket block (20) is sleeved on the exhaust pipe (6). The socket block (20) is connected to the inserting piece (22) through a first pulling rope (17). A second pulling rope (18) is further provided on the socket block (20). The second pulling rope (18) is pulled to move the socket block (20) upward and pull out the inserting piece (22).

10. The construction method of the phase change rock-breaking device based on detonation excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculate the thickness of the overlying soil layer (10) and the height of the storage liquid (1) according to the depth of the blasting hole (7); Calculate the volume of the combustion improver (14) in the storage liquid (1) according to the height and inner diameter of the storage liquid (1); Calculate the total expansion multiple after the combustion improver (14) is vaporized into a gas under normal temperature and pressure; Calculate the dosage of the emulsion explosive (302) according to the total heat absorbed when the combustion improver (14) is vaporized into a gas at standard atmospheric pressure and normal temperature; After assembling the storage liquid (1), the absorber (2), the excitation device (3), the detonation wire (9), the infusion pipe (5) and the exhaust pipe (6), put them into the blasting hole (7); Use the overlying soil layer (10) to cover and seal the storage liquid (1), install the grounding rod (11) and the grounding wire (1101) to make the infusion pipe (5) well grounded; Excite the electronic detonator (301) to detonate the emulsion explosive (302), and generate a large amount of heat to excite the combustion improver (14) to generate a phase change. The sharp increase in volume and pressure brought by the phase change completes rock breaking.

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