Cable perimeter abnormity monitoring system and method
By laying sensor optical fibers on the cable and using distributed acoustic sensing hosts and machine learning models, the shortcomings of traditional sensors in long-distance cable monitoring are solved, and efficient and accurate abnormal event monitoring and threat determination are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510376357.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
AI Technical Summary
Traditional electrical sensors are difficult to be suitable for perimeter abnormality monitoring of long-distance cables, and the existing optical fiber sensor layout efficiency is low, making it difficult to achieve high-precision abnormal event monitoring.
The optical fiber layout device is used to fix the sensor fiber on the cable, signal demodulation and abnormal event recognition are performed through a distributed acoustic sensing host, and threat level determination is performed in combination with a machine learning model.
It realizes rapid layout of sensor optical fibers and high-precision perimeter abnormal event monitoring, and can determine abnormal events and their threat levels in real time, improving the safety monitoring efficiency and accuracy of the cable.
Smart Images
Figure CN120333600A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of cable monitoring for distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing, and particularly to a cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system and method. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid development of China's economy, the construction of facilities in industries such as power and communication is increasing day by day. As an important transmission medium in these industries, once a cable is damaged, it may lead to large-scale power outages, network disconnections, etc., affecting social stability and economic development. Therefore, ensuring its safety is of utmost importance. Cable perimeter security monitoring aims to protect cables from external damage and ensure the normal operation of power, communication, and other systems.
[0003] Due to the limitations of the long distance and extra-high voltage of cables, traditional electrical sensors are difficult to apply in the perimeter anomaly monitoring of cables. As a new type of monitoring means, optical fiber has the following advantages in the field of cable perimeter security monitoring: strong anti-interference ability, optical fiber sensors are not affected by electromagnetic interference and can work stably in complex environments; long transmission distance, low optical fiber transmission loss, enabling long-distance monitoring to meet the needs of different scenarios; high sensitivity, optical fiber sensors can capture minute changes in the cable perimeter in real time, improving the accuracy of early warning; anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion-resistant, waterproof, suitable for various harsh environments; strong concealment, small volume of optical fiber sensors, convenient for installation in hidden positions on the cable perimeter and not easily detected. It has significant advantages in the field of cable perimeter security monitoring and can better meet the actual needs compared with other monitoring methods. With the continuous development of optical fiber technology, its application in the field of cable perimeter security monitoring will be more extensive, providing strong guarantee for the safe production of China's power, communication, and other industries. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of this application is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system and method, which can achieve the rapid deployment of sensing optical fiber on the cable and high-precision perimeter anomaly event monitoring, escorting the normal operation of the cable.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] In the first aspect, the embodiments of this application provide a cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system, including an optical fiber deployment device, a sensing optical fiber, a communication optical fiber, and a distributed acoustic sensing host.
[0007] The optical fiber deployment device is composed of a fixed module and a rotating module, and is used to fix the sensing optical fiber on the cable.
[0008] One end of the sensing optical fiber is installed along the cable through the optical fiber deployment device to monitor the vibration signals along the cable, and the other end is connected to the communication optical fiber.
[0009] One end of the communication optical fiber is connected to the sensing optical fiber, and the other end is connected to the distributed acoustic wave sensing host, which is used for the transmission of optical signals between the sensing optical fiber and the host.
[0010] The distributed acoustic wave sensing host is used for signal demodulation, data post-processing, and identification and determination of abnormal events.
[0011] The length of a single sensing section of the sensing optical fiber is L. The sensing optical fiber with a single sensing section length of L is segmented and laid on a cable with a length of P. Each section starts with a fixed module with a length of D1 of the optical fiber laying device fixed, and a sensing optical fiber with a reserved length of 4*L. At a distance of L from the front-end optical fiber laying device, the optical fiber passes through a rotating module with a length of D2 of the second optical fiber laying device, and the rotating module is rotated to make the optical fiber between the modules rotate circumferentially along the cable until the optical fiber is tightly wound around the cable in a spiral shape, and then the section of the optical fiber is completely fixed through the fixed module to complete the laying of this section of the sensing optical fiber. The sensing optical fiber is pulled out from the second optical fiber laying device, and the above steps are repeated until the sensing optical fiber covers all the cables.
[0012] The rotating module consists of a solid cylindrical shell and a rotating handle, and is used for spirally winding the sensing optical fiber along the cable.
[0013] The fixed module consists of a hollow cylindrical shell and a filling port, and is used for fixing the sensing optical fiber and the rotating module.
[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring cable perimeter anomalies, including the following specific steps:
[0015] Use an optical fiber laying device to completely cover the cable with the sensing optical fiber along the cable;
[0016] After the optical fiber laying is completed, use a distributed optical fiber sensing host to collect acoustic vibration signals;
[0017] Extract and analyze the features of the signal, and then send it to the machine learning model;
[0018] Judge whether an abnormal event occurs and the threat level of the abnormal event;
[0019] After confirming the occurrence of an abnormal event, give an alarm, and use the abnormal data as a new input to update the machine learning model.
[0020] Along the cable, a fiber optic laying device is used to completely cover the sensing fiber around the cable. Specifically, a sensing fiber with a single sensing section length of L is laid in segments on a cable with a length of P. Each segment is fixed at the beginning by a fixed module with a length of D1 of the fiber optic laying device, and a sensing fiber with a reserved length of 4*L is left. At a distance of L from the front fiber optic laying device, the fiber is passed through a rotating module with a length of D2 of the second fiber optic laying device, and the rotating module is rotated so that the fiber between the modules rotates circumferentially along the cable until the fiber is wound around the cable in a spiral. Then, the fiber of this segment is completely fixed through the fixed module to complete the laying of this segment of the sensing fiber. The sensing fiber is pulled out from the second fiber optic laying device, and the above steps are repeated until the sensing fiber covers all the cables;
[0021] On the cable, the length of each sensing structure is D1 + D2 + L. Then, the total number A of structures that can be laid in the cable is:
[0022] A = |P / (D1 + D2 + L)|
[0023] The serial numbers of the two fiber optic sensing channels corresponding to the i-th sensing structure are 2*i - 1 and 2*i. The perimeter disturbance of the cable in the area corresponding to the i-th structure is judged by the signals of these two fiber optic sensing channels.
[0024] Specifically for feature extraction and analysis of the signals, the system sampling rate is smp, the sampling time is t. In the time t for the four fiber optic sensing channels in the i-th structure, 4*smp*t data points can be measured. The data points in each structure are cut into segments with 4*smp*t / 100 data points each (each segment has 100 data points) for feature calculation and the average value is obtained: standard deviation S, peak-to-peak value Amp, and center frequency FC.
[0025] When the cable is operating normally, the above three features are denoted as S1, Amp1, and FC1, and the signal features during real-time monitoring are denoted as S2, Amp2, and FC2. Calculate the ratios of the above three parameters, where:
[0026] X1 = S2 / S1
[0027] X2 = Amp2 / Amp1
[0028] X3 = FC2 / FC1.
[0029] When the cable perimeter is operating normally, 2000 groups of data are collected as the training set, and the signal features S1, Amp1, and FC1 are input into the machine learning model for training. The output of the machine learning model is set to two branches: no abnormal event and abnormal event. After training, when the vibration signal during cable operation is input into the machine learning model, if the output is an abnormal event, it indicates that the pipeline is abnormal. The threat level is calculated as:
[0030] Th = X1 * X2 * X3。
[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0032] It can monitor in real time whether abnormal events occur on the cable perimeter and determine the threat level of the abnormal events to the cable. A special optical fiber laying device is proposed based on the characteristics of the sensing optical fiber, which can improve the optical fiber laying efficiency and resolution. After the sensing optical fiber is completely laid along the cable, a distributed optical fiber sensing host is used to collect the acoustic vibration signals along the cable, and then signal feature extraction and analysis are performed on the signals, and then they are sent to a machine learning model to determine whether abnormal events occur and determine the threat level. If it is a harmful event, an alarm is issued. The present invention can realize the efficient laying of the sensing optical fiber in the cable and the monitoring of abnormal events and threat level determination along the cable, providing a solution for the perimeter security monitoring of the cable. Description of the Drawings
[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
[0034] Figure 1 It is the method flow chart provided by the present invention;
[0035] Figure 2 It is the optical fiber laying device diagram designed by the present invention;
[0036] Figure 3 It is the instruction diagram of the optical fiber laying device provided by the present invention;
[0037] Figure 4 It is the optical fiber laying scheme diagram designed by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments
[0038] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
[0039] The term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a list of elements does not include only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
[0040] The terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can it be construed as requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.
[0041] As Figures 2 - 4 shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system, including an optical fiber laying device, a sensing optical fiber, a communication optical fiber, and a distributed acoustic wave sensing host.
[0042] The optical fiber laying device is composed of a fixed module and a rotating module, and is used to fix the sensing optical fiber on the cable.
[0043] One end of the sensing optical fiber is installed along the cable through the optical fiber laying device to monitor the vibration signal along the cable, and the other end is connected to the communication optical fiber.
[0044] One end of the communication optical fiber is connected to the sensing optical fiber, and the other end is connected to the distributed acoustic wave sensing host, and is used for the transmission of optical signals between the sensing optical fiber and the host.
[0045] The distributed acoustic wave sensing host is used for signal demodulation, data post-processing, and identification and determination of abnormal events.
[0046] The length of a single sensing section of the sensing optical fiber is L. The sensing optical fiber with a single sensing section length of L is laid in segments on a cable with a length of P. Each segment is fixed at the beginning by a fixed module with a length of D1 of the optical fiber laying device, and a sensing optical fiber with a reserved length of 4*L is provided. The optical fiber passes through a rotating module with a length of D2 of the second optical fiber laying device at a distance of L from the front-end optical fiber laying device, and the rotating module is rotated to make the optical fiber between the modules rotate circumferentially along the cable until the optical fiber is wound around the cable in a spiral shape, and then the optical fiber of this segment is completely fixed by the fixed module to complete the laying of this segment of the sensing optical fiber. The sensing optical fiber is pulled out from the second optical fiber laying device, and the above steps are repeated until the sensing optical fiber covers all the cables.
[0047] The rotating module is composed of a solid cylindrical shell and a rotating handle, and is used to wind the sensing optical fiber around the cable in a spiral shape. Specifically:
[0048] After buckling the rotating module onto the cable, pull the sensing optical fiber into the rotating module. Continuously rotate the rotating handle to helically wind the optical fiber along the cable, and then buckle the rotating handle onto the fixed module.
[0049] The fixed module consists of a hollow cylindrical outer shell and a filling port, and is used to fix the sensing optical fiber and the rotating module. Specifically:
[0050] First, buckle the fixed module onto the cable. After the sensing optical fiber is pulled out from the rotating module, then pull it into the fixed module. At this time, buckle the rotating handle of the rotating module described in claim 3 onto the filling port of the fixed module. Finally, inject liquid silicone into the fixed module from the filling port. After it naturally solidifies, the sensing optical fiber, the rotating module, and the fixed module can all be fixed outside the cable.
[0051] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring abnormal conditions of a cable perimeter, including a data acquisition module, a feature extraction and analysis module, an abnormal event determination module, and an alarm module.
[0052] The data acquisition module is used to collect vibration signals of the cable perimeter and send the vibration signals to the feature extraction and analysis module;
[0053] The feature extraction and analysis module is used to perform pre-processing on the cable vibration signals, extract parameter values with higher resolution in the vibration signals, and send them to the abnormal event determination module;
[0054] The abnormal event determination module determines whether an abnormal event occurs on the cable perimeter through a machine learning model. If there is no abnormal event, it continuously runs in a loop. If an abnormal event occurs, it determines the threat level and then sends it to the alarm module. After the abnormal event is repaired or stopped, it enters a new loop;
[0055] The alarm module accesses the output of the abnormal event determination module and directly displays the category and threat level of the abnormal event, and whether human intervention is required;
[0056] The method includes the following specific steps:
[0057] Adopt an optical fiber laying device along the cable to completely cover the cable with the sensing optical fiber;
[0058] After the optical fiber laying is completed, use a distributed optical fiber sensing host to collect acoustic vibration signals;
[0059] Perform feature extraction and analysis on the signals, and then send them to the machine learning model;
[0060] Judge whether an abnormal event occurs and the threat level of the abnormal event;
[0061] After confirming the occurrence of an abnormal event, an alarm is issued, and the abnormal data is used as new input to update the machine learning model.
[0062] Along the cable, a fiber optic laying device is used to completely cover the sensing fiber optic cable. Specifically, the sensing fiber optic cable with a single sensing section length of L is laid in segments on the cable with a length of P. Each segment is fixed at the beginning by a fixed module with a length of D1 of the fiber optic laying device, and a sensing fiber optic cable with a reserved length of 4*L is left. At a distance of L from the front fiber optic laying device, the fiber optic cable passes through a rotating module with a length of D2 of the second fiber optic laying device, and the rotating module is rotated so that the fiber optic cable between the modules rotates circumferentially along the cable until the fiber optic cable is tightly wound around the cable in a spiral shape, and then this section of the fiber optic cable is completely fixed by the fixed module to complete the laying of this section of the sensing fiber optic cable. The sensing fiber optic cable is pulled out from the second fiber optic laying device, and the above steps are repeated until the sensing fiber optic cable covers all the cables;
[0063] On the cable, the length of each sensing structure is D1 + D2 + L, so the total number A of structures that can be laid in the cable is:
[0064] A = |P / (D1 + D2 + L)|
[0065] The serial numbers of the two fiber optic sensing channels corresponding to the i-th sensing structure are 2*i - 1 and 2*i, and the perimeter disturbance of the cable in the area corresponding to the i-th structure is judged by the signals of these two fiber optic sensing channels.
[0066] The data acquisition module: After completing the construction of the system for laying the sensing fiber optic cable and monitoring the perimeter anomaly of the cable, a distributed acoustic wave sensing host is used to collect the vibration signals along the cable and store them locally;
[0067] The feature extraction and analysis module: The specific operation of feature extraction and analysis on the signal is as follows. The system sampling rate is smp, and the sampling time is t. In the i-th structure, four fiber optic sensing channels can measure 4*smp*t data points within the time t. The data points in each structure are cut into segments with 4*smp*t / 100 data points per segment for feature calculation and the average value is obtained: standard deviation S, peak-to-peak value Amp, and center frequency FC.
[0068] When the cable is operating normally, the above three features are denoted as S1, Amp1, and FC1, and the signal features during real-time monitoring are denoted as S2, Amp2, and FC2. Calculate the ratios of the above three parameters, where:
[0069] X1 = S2 / S1
[0070] X2 = Amp2 / Amp1
[0071] X3 = FC2 / FC1.
[0072] When the cable perimeter operates normally, the abnormal event determination module collects 2,000 groups of data as the training set, inputs the signal features S1, Amp1, and FC1 into the machine learning model for training, sets the output of the machine learning model to two branches: no abnormal event and abnormal event. After completion of training, the vibration signal during cable operation is input into the machine learning model. If an abnormal event is output, it indicates that the pipeline is abnormal, and the threat level is calculated as:
[0073] Th = X1 * X2 * X3.
[0074] When the alarm module operates normally, it does not give an alarm. After the abnormal event determination module outputs an abnormal event and the threat level Th, it continuously gives an alarm and records the start time and duration of the alarm, and stores all data during this time period in the abnormal folder. It runs in a loop until the abnormal event stops or is repaired.
[0075] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes an optical fiber laying device, a sensing optical fiber, a communication optical fiber, and a distributed acoustic wave sensing host. The optical fiber laying device consists of a fixing module and a rotating module, and is used to fix the sensing optical fiber on the cable. One end of the sensing optical fiber is installed along the cable through the optical fiber laying device to monitor the vibration signal along the cable, and the other end is connected to the communication optical fiber. One end of the communication optical fiber is connected to the sensing optical fiber, and the other end is connected to the distributed acoustic wave sensing host, and is used for the transmission of optical signals between the sensing optical fiber and the host. The distributed acoustic wave sensing host is used for signal demodulation, data post-processing, and the identification and determination of abnormal events.
2. The cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of a single sensing section of the sensing optical fiber is L. The sensing optical fiber with a single sensing section length of L is segmented and laid on a cable with a length of P. Each section starts with a fixing module with a length of D1 of the optical fiber laying device to fix it, and a sensing optical fiber with a reserved length of 4*L is left. At a distance of L from the front-end optical fiber laying device, the optical fiber passes through the rotating module with a length of D2 of the second optical fiber laying device, and the rotating module is rotated to make the optical fiber between the modules rotate circumferentially along the cable until the optical fiber is wound around the cable in a spiral shape. Then, the optical fiber of this section is completely fixed through the fixing module to complete the laying of this section of the sensing optical fiber. The sensing optical fiber is pulled out from the second optical fiber laying device, and the above steps are repeated until the sensing optical fiber covers all the cables.
3. The cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein The rotating module consists of a solid cylindrical shell and a rotating handle, and is used to wind the sensing optical fiber around the cable in a spiral shape.
4. A cable perimeter anomaly monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The fixing module consists of a hollow cylindrical shell and a filling port, and is used to fix the sensing optical fiber and the rotating module.
5. A cable perimeter anomaly monitoring method, characterized in that, It includes the following specific steps: Use the optical fiber laying device to completely cover the cable with the sensing optical fiber along the cable. After the optical fiber laying is completed, use the distributed optical fiber sensing host to collect acoustic vibration signals. Extract and analyze the features of the signals, and then send them into the machine learning model. Judge whether an abnormal event occurs and the threat level of the abnormal event. After confirming the occurrence of an abnormal event, give an alarm, and use the abnormal data as a new input to update the machine learning model.
6. The cable perimeter anomaly monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Using the optical fiber laying device to completely cover the cable with the sensing optical fiber along the cable specifically means that the sensing optical fiber with a single sensing section length of L is segmented and laid on a cable with a length of P. Each section starts with a fixing module with a length of D1 of the optical fiber laying device to fix it, and a sensing optical fiber with a reserved length of 4*L is left. At a distance of L from the front-end optical fiber laying device, the optical fiber passes through the rotating module with a length of D2 of the second optical fiber laying device, and the rotating module is rotated to make the optical fiber between the modules rotate circumferentially along the cable until the optical fiber is wound around the cable in a spiral shape. Then, the optical fiber of this section is completely fixed through the fixing module to complete the laying of this section of the sensing optical fiber. The sensing optical fiber is pulled out from the second optical fiber laying device, and the above steps are repeated until the sensing optical fiber covers all the cables. On the cable, the length of each sensing structure is D1 + D2 + L, then the total number A of structures that can be laid in the cable is: A = |P / (D1 + D2 + L)| The serial numbers of the two optical fiber sensing channels corresponding to the i-th segment of the sensing structure are 2*i - 1 and 2*i, and the perimeter disturbance of the cable in the area corresponding to the i-th structure is judged by the signals of these two optical fiber sensing channels.
7. A cable perimeter anomaly monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Specifically for feature extraction and analysis of the signals, the system sampling rate is smp, the sampling time is t. In the i-th structure, four optical fiber sensing channels can measure 4*smp*t data points within the time t. The data points in each structure are cut into segments with 100 data points each for a total of 4*smp*t / 100 segments for feature calculation and the average value is obtained: standard deviation S, peak-to-peak value Amp, and center frequency FC. When the cable is operating normally, the above three features are denoted as S1, Amp1, and FC1, and the signal features during real-time monitoring are denoted as S2, Amp2, and FC2. Calculate the ratios of the above three parameters, where: X1 = S2 / S1 X2 = Amp2 / Amp1 X3 = FC2 / FC1.
8. A cable perimeter anomaly monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that When the cable perimeter is operating normally, 2000 groups of data are collected as the training set. The signal features S1, Amp1, and FC1 are input into the machine learning model for training. The output of the machine learning model is set to two branches: no abnormal event and abnormal event. After training, the vibration signal during cable operation is input into the machine learning model. If an abnormal event is output, it indicates that the pipeline is abnormal, and the threat level is calculated as: Th = X1*X2*X3.