Multi-physics field coupled electromobile aerodynamic standard model structure and verification method

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-physics-field coupled electromobile aerodynamic standard model structure and a verification method, and the structure comprises a main vehicle body module which has the complete posture characteristics and the wind resistance sensitive curved surface characteristics of an electromobile body; the interference structure module is of a plug-in modular assembly structure and is detachably mounted on the main vehicle body module; the heat source and cooling path module is used for arranging a heat source and a heat load path on the main vehicle body module; the acoustic module is mounted on the main vehicle body module and is used for carrying out an acoustic test; the pressure measuring point laying system comprises pressure measuring points covering a plurality of areas of the main vehicle body module; and the general geometric output interface is used for outputting measurement data of the pressure measurement point layout system. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that high consistency of multi-field coupling is achieved, cross-working-condition and cross-platform adaptability is improved, and development cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automotive tests, and in particular to an aerodynamic standard model structure and verification method for electric vehicles with multi-physical field coupling. Background Art

[0002] Regarding the wind tunnel tests and data simulations of automobiles, international standards such as SAE recommend using a standardized geometric model as a bridge between test verification and simulation verification. In automotive aerodynamics research, traditional standard models (such as Ahmed body, DrivAer) have been widely used for the research of flow field structures and CFD verification.

[0003] For example, the invention with the publication number CN117951808A discloses a method for comparing the flow fields of a full-scale vehicle wind tunnel and a numerical wind tunnel, including establishing a numerical wind tunnel simulation model based on reproducing the test environment of a full-scale vehicle wind tunnel test; conducting a full-scale vehicle wind tunnel test, and respectively collecting the flow field information data and complete test data of the empty wind tunnel and the test section installed with the test vehicle at different test wind speeds and different regions; using the numerical wind tunnel simulation model to respectively conduct simulation analyses of the empty wind tunnel and the test section installed with the test vehicle at different test wind speeds and different regions, and outputting the same type of data in the full-scale vehicle wind tunnel test; generating a comparison chart of the wind tunnel test and the numerical wind tunnel simulation results; outputting a difference report chart of the wind tunnel test and the numerical wind tunnel simulation results, and correcting the numerical wind tunnel simulation model.

[0004] However, in the case of electric vehicles without an engine, the layout of the heat sources in the front cabin changes, the spoiler accessories become more complex, the air-conditioning cooling system dominates the thermal management path, and both its external aerodynamic characteristics and thermal acoustic field distribution change systematically.

[0005] Therefore, existing standard models are difficult to comprehensively evaluate the multi-physical field performance of an electric vehicle as a whole under typical operating conditions, and it is also difficult to support the standardized data consistency evaluation between simulation and wind tunnel. There are technical bottlenecks especially in the following key dimensions:

[0006] 1. It is unable to reflect the coupling characteristics of the vehicle-level spoiler structure and complex heat load distribution;

[0007] 2. Lack of a consistent output interface adapted to the current CFD and test systems;

[0008] 3. Lack of the ability to model the acoustic simplified structure and the mid-high frequency coupling source structure;

[0009] 4. The arrangement of pressure measurement points (16) lacks a unified numbering system, which affects data reuse. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide an aerodynamic standard model structure and verification method for electric vehicles with multi - physical - field coupling, which overcomes the defect of the existing technology that cannot reflect the coupling characteristics of the vehicle - level spoiler structure and complex heat - load distribution.

[0011] The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0012] An aerodynamic standard model structure for electric vehicles with multi - physical - field coupling includes:

[0013] The main body module, which has the complete attitude characteristics of the electric - vehicle body and the wind - resistance - sensitive curved - surface characteristics;

[0014] The interference - structure module, which is a plug - and - play modular assembly structure and can be detachably installed on the main body module;

[0015] The heat - source and cooling - path module, which is used to configure heat sources and heat - load paths on the main body module;

[0016] The acoustic module, which is installed on the main body module and is used for acoustic testing;

[0017] The pressure - measurement point layout system, which includes pressure - measurement points covering multiple areas of the main body module;

[0018] The general geometric output interface, which is used to output the measurement data of the pressure - measurement point layout system.

[0019] Further, the interference - structure module includes a tail diffuser, wheel covers, external rear - view mirrors, and radar components;

[0020] The tail diffuser is detachably installed at the bottom of the rear of the main body module; the wheel covers include a front - wheel spoiler and a rear - wheel spoiler, which are respectively detachably installed on the outside of the front wheels and rear wheels of the main body module; the external rear - view mirrors are detachably installed on both sides of the front of the main body module; the radar components are detachably installed on the roof of the main body module and face the front of the main body module.

[0021] Further, the heat - source and cooling - path module includes a front - cabin heating element, a floor heat - flow area, an active grille control structure, and a front - cabin cooling module;

[0022] The front - cabin heating element is installed in the middle of one side of the front of the main body module and is located in front of the front wheels; the active grille control structure is installed at the top of the front of the main body module; the floor heat - flow area is located in the floor area of the main body module; the front - cabin cooling module is located at the top of the front of the main body module.

[0023] Further, the front cabin heating body includes a heat source and a fan, and the active grille control structure is further connected with a front cabin fairing. One end of the front cabin fairing is connected to the active grille control structure, and the other end faces the heat source and the fan.

[0024] Further, the acoustic module includes a simplified window cabin, an acoustic cavity structure, and an acoustic absorption lining that are stacked and installed on the top of the main vehicle body module.

[0025] Further, the pressure measurement points of the pressure measurement point layout system are arranged according to the SAE numbering standard and cover the areas of the front cover, roof, side panels, rear end, and floor of the main vehicle body module.

[0026] Further, the general geometric output interface supports STEP / IGES export and is compatible with direct reading on the STAR-CCM+, OpenFOAM, and ANSYS Fluent platforms.

[0027] The present invention also provides a verification method for an aerodynamic standard model structure of an electric vehicle based on multi-physics field coupling as described above, including the following steps:

[0028] S1: Construct the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle using a CAD platform;

[0029] S2: Import the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle into a CFD platform, set boundary conditions, and perform aerodynamic-thermal-acoustic coupling simulation to obtain simulation results;

[0030] S3: Fabricate a physical model based on the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle and conduct multi-field measurement point tests in a wind tunnel platform;

[0031] S4: Extract the simulation results of CFD and the wind tunnel test results and conduct multi-index benchmarking evaluation;

[0032] S5: Output a consistency evaluation report according to the evaluation results to guide the modification of the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle in step S1.

[0033] Further, the consistency comparison parameters for the multi-index benchmarking evaluation include aerodynamic drag, pressure distribution, and sound pressure level spectrum.

[0034] Further, if the deviation between the simulation results of CFD and the wind tunnel test results in the consistency evaluation report is within ±5%, it is considered that the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle meets the conditions.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] (1) High consistency of multi-field coupling: Through the modular standard model structure designed in this invention, integrating the interference structure module, heat source and cooling path module, and acoustic module, and proposing corresponding specific structure configuration solutions, seamless coupling simulation and testing of aerodynamics, heat flow, and acoustic fields are achieved. Compared with the traditional single physical field verification method, this standard model maintains cross-platform consistency in CFD simulation and wind tunnel testing, and the deviation of typical indicators (such as Cd, Cp, SPL) is controlled within ±5%, significantly improving the verification accuracy.

[0037] (2) Modular design reduces development costs: The modular splicing design of the standard model allows individual replacement or upgrade of the spoiler, heat source, or sound source module, avoiding overall re-manufacturing. Compared with the traditional integrated model manufacturing, this invention significantly reduces development and maintenance costs. At the same time, it supports 3D printing or CNC machining, and the manufacturing cycle is shortened by more than 30%.

[0038] (3) Cross-condition and cross-platform adaptability: This invention adopts standardized module interfaces and unified measurement point numbers (compliant with SAE standards), supports quick adjustment of spoiler angles, heat source powers, and sound source frequencies, and adapts to various conditions (such as different wind speeds, temperatures, or noise spectra). Compared with the traditional fixed model design, this standard model can be flexibly applied to electric vehicle development, test system verification, and teaching and research, reducing cross-platform switching costs.

[0039] (4) Efficient multi-field data acquisition and comparison: Through optimized measurement point layout and post-processing algorithms, this invention realizes efficient acquisition and comparative analysis of aerodynamic drag (Cd), pressure coefficient (Cp), and sound pressure level (SPL). Compared with the traditional decentralized data processing, this method significantly reduces data deviation (such as Cp deviation < ±4%), and quickly guides model optimization through a consistency evaluation report.

[0040] (5) Support for industry standard construction: Through standardized test processes and high-consistency data output, this invention provides a reliable benchmark for the early development of electric vehicles and the formulation of industry specifications. Compared with the existing non-standardized verification methods, this standard model can be used as a general reference model, widely applied in academic research and industrial testing, and promoting the standardization of multi-field coupling testing technology. Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and module splicing of a multi-physical field coupled electric vehicle aerodynamic standard model structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a layout schematic diagram of an interference structure module provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a configuration schematic diagram of a heat source and cooling path module provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the distribution positions of an acoustic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the distribution of pressure measurement points on the upper body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the distribution of pressure measurement points on the lower body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic flow diagram of a verification method for the structure of an aerodynamic standard model of an electric vehicle with multi - physical - field coupling;

[0048] In the figure, 1 is the vehicle body main body, 2 is the front wheel, 3 is the rear wheel, 4 is the front bumper area, 5 is the rear bumper area, 6 is the forklift bracket, 7 is the tail diffuser, 8 is the front wheel spoiler, 9 is the rear wheel spoiler, 10 is the radar component, 11 is the active grille control structure, 12 is the front cabin cooling module, 13 is the heat source and fan, 14 is the front cabin fairing, 15 is the acoustic module, and 16 is the pressure measurement point. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0050] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is customarily placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0053] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0054] In addition, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

[0055] Embodiment 1

[0056] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a multi-physical-field-coupled aerodynamic standard model structure for electric vehicles, including:

[0057] The main vehicle body module, based on the body of a typical medium and large electric vehicle, retains the complete attitude characteristics and aerodynamic drag-sensitive surface characteristics;

[0058] The interference structure module, which is a pluggable modular assembly structure and can be detachably installed on the main vehicle body module;

[0059] The heat source and cooling path module, used to configure the heat source and heat load path on the main vehicle body module;

[0060] The acoustic module 15, installed on the main vehicle body module, used for acoustic testing;

[0061] The pressure measurement point layout system, including pressure measurement points 16 covering multiple areas of the main vehicle body module;

[0062] The general geometric output interface, used to output the measurement data of the pressure measurement point layout system.

[0063] Specifically, as Figure 1As shown, the main vehicle body module has A / B / D corner attitude features and a simulation assembly reference plane, including the vehicle body main body 1, front wheels 2, rear wheels 3, front bumper area 4, rear bumper area 5, forklift support 6, etc.

[0064] As Figure 2 shown, the interference structure module includes a tail diffuser 7, wheel covers, external rearview mirrors, and a radar assembly 10;

[0065] The tail diffuser 7 is detachably installed at the bottom of the rear of the main vehicle body module; the wheel covers include a front wheel spoiler 8 and a rear wheel spoiler 9, which are respectively detachably installed on the outside of the front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3 of the main vehicle body module; the external rearview mirrors are detachably installed on both sides of the front of the main vehicle body module; the radar assembly 10 is detachably installed on the roof of the main vehicle body module and faces the front of the main vehicle body module.

[0066] As Figure 3 shown, the heat source and cooling path module has an internal heat source layout structure and a controllable air inlet and outlet path, supporting different heat load simulation scenarios, including a front cabin heating element, a floor heat flow area, an active grille control structure 11, and a front cabin cooling module 12;

[0067] The front cabin heating element is installed in the middle of one side of the front of the main vehicle body module and is located in front of the front wheels 2; the active grille control structure 11 is installed at the top of the front of the main vehicle body module; the floor heat flow area is located in the floor area of the main vehicle body module; the front cabin cooling module 12 is located at the top of the front of the main vehicle body module.

[0068] The front cabin heating element includes a heat source and a fan 13, and the active grille control structure 11 is also connected to a front cabin fairing 14. One end of the front cabin fairing 14 is connected to the active grille control structure 11, and the other end faces the heat source and the fan 13.

[0069] As Figure 4 shown, the acoustic module 15 includes a simplified window cabin, a sound cavity structure, and an acoustic lining stacked and installed on the top of the main vehicle body module, supporting measurements in the 20 - 10000 Hz frequency band.

[0070] The pressure measurement points 16 of the pressure measurement point layout system are covered in the front cover, roof, side panels, rear of the vehicle body, and floor area of the main vehicle body module according to the SAE numbering specification, and are compatible with numerical simulation and test channels, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown.

[0071] The general geometry output interface supports STEP / IGES export and is compatible with direct reading on platforms such as STAR-CCM+, OpenFOAM, and ANSYS Fluent.

[0072] Embodiment 2

[0073] As Figure 7As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a verification method for the aerodynamic standard model structure of an electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling based on Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0074] S1: Use the CAD platform to construct the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle, and configure components such as the interference structure module, heat source and cooling path module, and acoustic module;

[0075] S2: Import the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle into the CFD platform, set boundary conditions, and perform aerodynamic-thermal flow-acoustic coupling simulation to obtain simulation results;

[0076] S3: Fabricate a physical model based on the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle, and enter the wind tunnel platform to conduct multi-field measurement point tests;

[0077] S4: Extract the simulation results of CFD and the wind tunnel test results, and conduct multi-index benchmark evaluation;

[0078] S5: Output a consistency evaluation report according to the evaluation results to guide the modification of the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle in step S1.

[0079] Preferably, the consistency comparison parameters for multi-index benchmark evaluation include aerodynamic drag Cd, pressure distribution Cp, and sound pressure level spectrum SPL.

[0080] If the deviation between the simulation results of CFD and the wind tunnel test results in the consistency evaluation report is within ±5%, it is considered that the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle meets the conditions.

[0081] It can be seen from the verification process that the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling proposed by the present invention has the ability of cross-platform and cross-condition consistency adaptation, and can be widely used in scenarios such as the early development of electric vehicles, the verification of test systems, teaching and scientific research, and the construction of industry standards.

[0082] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations according to the concept of the present invention without creative labor. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should be within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. An aerodynamic standard model structure for an electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling, characterized in that, Comprising: A main vehicle body module, having the complete attitude characteristics of an electric vehicle body and the aerodynamic sensitive surface characteristics; An interference structure module, which is a plug-in modular assembly structure and can be detachably installed on the main vehicle body module; A heat source and cooling path module, used to configure a heat source and a heat load path on the main vehicle body module; An acoustic module (15), installed on the main vehicle body module for acoustic testing; A pressure measurement point layout system, including pressure measurement points (16) covering multiple areas of the main vehicle body module; A general geometric output interface, used to output the measurement data of the pressure measurement point layout system.

2. The aerodynamic standard model structure of an electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interference structure module includes a tail diffuser (7), wheel covers, external rearview mirrors, and a radar assembly (10); The tail diffuser (7) is detachably installed at the bottom of the rear of the main vehicle body module; the wheel covers include a front wheel spoiler (8) and a rear wheel spoiler (9), which are respectively detachably installed on the outside of the front wheels (2) and rear wheels (3) of the main vehicle body module; the external rearview mirrors are detachably installed on both sides of the front of the main vehicle body module; the radar assembly (10) is detachably installed on the roof of the main vehicle body module and faces the front of the main vehicle body module.

3. The aerodynamic standard model structure of an electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat source and cooling path module includes a front cabin heating body, a floor heat flow area, an active grille control structure (11), and a front cabin cooling module (12); The front cabin heating body is installed in the middle of one side of the front of the main vehicle body module and is located in front of the front wheels (2); the active grille control structure (11) is installed at the top of the front of the main vehicle body module; the floor heat flow area is located in the floor area of the main vehicle body module; the front cabin cooling module (12) is located at the top of the front of the main vehicle body module.

4. The aerodynamic standard model structure of an electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front cabin heating body includes a heat source and a fan (13), and the active grille control structure (11) is also connected with a front cabin fairing (14). One end of the front cabin fairing (14) is connected to the active grille control structure (11), and the other end faces the heat source and the fan (13).

5. A multi-physical-field-coupled aerodynamic standard model structure for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic module (15) includes a simplified window cabin, a sound cavity structure, and an acoustic absorption lining stacked and installed on the top of the main vehicle body module.

6. A multi-physical-field-coupled aerodynamic standard model structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure measurement points (16) of the pressure measurement point layout system cover the front cover, roof, side panels, rear of the main vehicle body module, and the floor area according to the SAE numbering specification.

7. A multi-physical-field-coupled aerodynamic standard model structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The general geometric output interface supports STEP / IGES export and is compatible with direct reading by platforms such as STAR-CCM+, OpenFOAM, and ANSYS Fluent.

8. A verification method for an aerodynamic standard model structure of an electric vehicle with multi-physical field coupling as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Use the CAD platform to construct the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle; S2: Import the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle into the CFD platform, set boundary conditions, and perform aerodynamic-thermal flow-acoustic coupling simulation to obtain simulation results; S3: Make a physical model according to the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle and enter the wind tunnel platform to carry out multi-field measurement point testing; S4: Extract the simulation results of CFD and the wind tunnel test results and conduct multi-index comparison and evaluation; S5: Output a consistency evaluation report according to the evaluation results to guide the modification of the aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle in step S1.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The consistency comparison parameters of the multi-index benchmark evaluation include aerodynamic drag, pressure distribution, and sound pressure level spectrum.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein If the deviation between the CFD simulation results and the wind tunnel test results in the consistency evaluation report is within ±5%, it is considered that the constructed aerodynamic standard model structure of the electric vehicle meets the conditions.

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