Soil wind erosion measuring device and soil wind erosion measuring method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a soil wind erosion measuring device and a soil wind erosion measuring method, which relate to the technical field of wind erosion measurement. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a soil wind erosion measuring device, comprising: a supporting mechanism, a weighing mechanism, a measuring mechanism, a control mechanism and a scanning mechanism, wherein the weighing mechanism, the measuring mechanism, the control mechanism and the scanning mechanism are all located on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism comprises a first column, a second column, a third column and a fourth column, a group of sand holes are opened on the outer wall of the first column, and a group of first support rings are installed on the outer wall of the second column, and the weighing mechanism comprises a sand-proof cylinder, and a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor and a rainfall sensor are arranged for use in conjunction to realize intelligent linkage between environmental perception and equipment operation. Compared with traditional wind erosion monitoring equipment, the data acquisition dimension is upgraded from 2D to 4D, which greatly reduces energy consumption and is suitable for long-term unattended monitoring in extreme environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind erosion measurement, in particular to a soil wind erosion measurement device and a soil wind erosion measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Soil wind erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. China is one of the countries in the world that is most seriously affected by soil wind erosion. Soil wind erosion is the primary process of land desertification in China's arid, semi-arid and some humid areas. In order to timely judge the wind erosion situation of the land, it is necessary to set up a special measuring instrument to measure wind erosion, so a soil wind erosion measuring device is needed.

[0003] However, the existing technology has the following deficiencies:

[0004] The soil wind erosion measurement devices in the existing technology still rely on mechanical sand collecting tubes to work. Such devices capture sand particles in the air and weigh the collected sand to assess the degree of soil wind erosion. However, this traditional measurement method has significant limitations. First, the measurement accuracy is limited by the physical structure of the sand collecting tube and manual operation errors, making it difficult to capture tiny wind erosion changes. Second, the measurement range is relatively narrow, and only horizontal wind and sand flux data can be obtained. Third, the device cannot distinguish the motion trajectories and speed characteristics of sand particles at different heights, resulting in insufficient grasp of the three-dimensional dynamic information of sand and dust migration during wind erosion. These defects make it difficult for traditional measurement methods to meet the needs of modern soil wind erosion research and ecological environment monitoring.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a soil wind erosion measurement device and a soil wind erosion measurement method to solve the problems raised above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil wind erosion measurement device and a soil wind erosion measurement method that advances soil wind erosion monitoring from empirical judgment to the digital twin stage through multi-physical field coupled perception (wind field-particle field-surface field) and energy-information coordinated transmission, providing a decision-making basis with millimeter-level temporal and spatial accuracy for wind erosion prevention and control, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a soil wind erosion measuring device, comprising: a supporting mechanism, a weighing mechanism, a measuring mechanism, a control mechanism, and a scanning mechanism, wherein the weighing mechanism, the measuring mechanism, the control mechanism, and the scanning mechanism are all located on the supporting mechanism;

[0008] The supporting mechanism includes:

[0009] A first column, a second column, a third column and a fourth column, wherein the outer wall of the first column is provided with a group of sand holes, and the outer wall of the second column is provided with a group of first support rings;

[0010] The weighing mechanism includes:

[0011] A sand-proof cylinder is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the first column to prevent wind-blown sand from passing through the first column;

[0012] a weight sensor, located at the bottom of the first column, for weighing the collected sand;

[0013] The measurement organizations include:

[0014] Multiple groups of piezoelectric sensors are respectively embedded in the outer wall of a group of first support rings, and are used to record the sand impact spectrum;

[0015] Multiple groups of laser Doppler velocimeters, each mounted on the bottom of a group of first support rings, for measuring sand concentration;

[0016] The scanning mechanism includes:

[0017] The drone is installed on the top of the fourth column. A microwave surface scanner is set at the bottom of the drone for regional surface micro-topography mapping.

[0018] Preferably, the second column is mounted on the top of the first column through a flange, the third column is mounted on the top of the second column through a flange, the outer wall of the third column is mounted with a second support ring through bolts, four support plates are welded to the top of the second support ring, and the fourth column is mounted on the top of the third column through a flange.

[0019] Preferably, the control mechanism includes two support frames, and the two support frames are respectively installed on the top of the two support plates, the inner walls of the two support frames are provided with folding solar panels, and a servo motor is installed on one side of the outer wall of the two support frames, and the output ends of the two servo motors respectively pass through one side of the inner wall of the two support frames, and are fixed with connecting rods, and the two connecting rods are respectively connected to the two folding solar panels, a battery is installed on the inner wall of the third column, and the battery is electrically connected to the two folding solar panels, a PLC controller is installed on the top of one of the four support plates, and a wireless transmission module is electrically connected to one side of the outer wall of the PLC controller.

[0020] Preferably, a wind speed sensor, a rain sensor and a wind direction sensor are respectively installed on the top of another one of the four support plates, and the wind speed sensor, the rain sensor and the wind direction sensor are all connected to the PLC controller signal.

[0021] Preferably, a toothed disc is welded to the bottom of the sand-proof cylinder, a fixing ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the first column, and the fixing ring is attached to the bottom of the toothed disc, a motor is installed on one side of the outer wall of the fixing ring, a gear is sleeved on the output end of the motor, and the gear is engaged with the toothed disc, the weight sensor is connected to the PLC controller signal, two support plates are installed on the top of the weight sensor, a sand collecting cylinder is provided on the top of the two support plates, two memory alloy covers are provided at the bottom of the sand collecting cylinder, a sand guide plate is provided at the bottom of the sand collecting cylinder, and the sand guide plate passes through one side of the outer wall of the first column.

[0022] Preferably, a group of connecting frames are respectively installed at the bottom of a group of first support rings, and a laser Doppler velocimeter is provided at the bottom of each connecting frame, and the laser Doppler velocimeter is connected to the PLC controller signal.

[0023] Preferably, a high-pressure tank is provided on one side of the outer wall of the first column, the top of the high-pressure tank is connected to a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is connected to the PLC controller signal, the output end of the solenoid valve is connected to a conduit, the conduit passes through one side of the inner wall of the second column, and is fixedly connected to a group of nozzles, and each nozzle is located at the bottom of each laser Doppler velocimeter.

[0024] Preferably, a helipad is placed at the bottom of the drone, and the helipad is installed on the top of the fourth column. The drone is connected to the PLC controller signal, a Hall sensor and a wireless transmission component are respectively provided on the top of the drone, a magnetic charging cable is provided at the bottom of the drone, and a charging port is provided on the top of the helipad.

[0025] Preferably, a protective shell is provided on the top of the apron, and pneumatic hinges are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell. The two pneumatic hinges are both connected to the PLC controller signal, and a cover is installed on the top of the two pneumatic hinges.

[0026] A soil wind erosion measurement method of a soil wind erosion measurement device comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: First, install the support mechanism in the target measurement area. Secure the first, second, third, and fourth columns in sequence through flange connections, ensuring that all components are tightly connected. Start the PLC controller and calibrate and initialize the weight sensor, piezoelectric sensor, laser Doppler velocimeter, wind speed sensor, rainfall sensor, and wind direction sensor. Simultaneously, unfold the foldable solar panel and align it with the sunlight to power the device and charge the battery.

[0028] Step 2: During the measurement process, wind-blown sand passes through the sand hole of the first column. The weight sensor monitors the weight change of the sand falling into the sand collecting tube in real time. The piezoelectric sensor array on the outer wall of the first support ring records the sand impact spectrum and analyzes the frequency and intensity of the sand impact. The laser Doppler velocimeter array at the bottom of the first support ring measures the concentration and movement speed of the sand. At the same time, the wind speed sensor, rainfall sensor, and wind direction sensor continuously collect wind speed, rainfall, and wind direction data in the environment, and transmit this data to the PLC controller in real time.

[0029] Step 3: The motor drives the gear to rotate, which in turn engages with the gear disc to drive the sand-proof barrel to rotate, preventing sand from accumulating and clogging the sand holes. The direction of the sand-proof barrel can be adjusted according to the wind direction. When the sand in the sand collecting barrel reaches a certain amount, the PLC controller controls the memory alloy cover to open based on the weight sensor data, and the sand is discharged through the sand guide plate. At the same time, the PLC controller controls the solenoid valve to open, and the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure tank is ejected through the conduit and nozzle to clean the laser Doppler velocimeter array, preventing sand from adhering to and affecting the measurement accuracy.

[0030] Step 4: The PLC controller sends a command to start the drone, which takes off from the landing pad and uses the microwave surface scanner at the bottom to map the surface microtopography of the survey area and obtain topographic data. During the mapping process, the Hall sensor and wireless transmission component on the top of the drone monitor the drone status in real time and transmit data. When the drone's battery is low, it automatically returns to the landing pad, connects the magnetic charging cable to the charging port for charging, and the pneumatic hinge of the protective shell controls the cover to close and protect the drone.

[0031] Step 5: The PLC controller integrates and processes the various types of data received. Combining data on sand particle weight, impact spectrum, concentration, velocity, and ambient wind speed and direction, it uses built-in algorithms to calculate the degree of soil wind erosion and wind-blown sand flux parameters. It also analyzes the motion characteristics of sand particles at different altitudes. Furthermore, it compares the terrain data mapped by the drone with historical data to assess the impact of terrain changes on soil wind erosion.

[0032] Step 6: The processed data is sent to a remote server or monitoring terminal through the wireless transmission module connected to the PLC controller and the wireless transmission component of the drone. Staff can view the measurement results and analysis reports in real time through the terminal device. At the same time, the data is backed up and stored in the local PLC controller and server for subsequent research and reference.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention uses a weighing mechanism, a measuring mechanism, and a scanning mechanism in conjunction with each other. The weight sensor accurately quantifies the weight of sand in the sand collecting barrel, and the synchronously linked piezoelectric sensor captures the sand impact spectrum. Combined with the sand concentration and movement speed data obtained by the laser Doppler velocimeter, it breaks through the limitation of the single weighing of the traditional mechanical sand collecting barrel and realizes multi-parameter, high-precision measurement and analysis of the degree of soil wind erosion. In addition, the drone is equipped with a microwave surface scanner, which can perform dynamic terrain mapping of large areas. It can not only deeply analyze the inherent relationship between terrain changes and soil wind erosion, but also expand the measurement range from a single point to a regional scale, significantly improving the integrity of the measurement dimension and the coverage of the monitoring range, and providing comprehensive and accurate data support for soil wind erosion research.

[0035] 2. The present invention realizes the intelligent linkage between environmental perception and equipment operation by setting up wind speed sensors, wind direction sensors and rainfall sensors for coordinated use. The wind direction sensor monitors wind direction changes in real time, and drives the motor to control the automatic rotation of the sand-proof cylinder to ensure that the sand hole is always facing the direction of the wind, which not only effectively avoids sand accumulation and blockage, but also ensures that the wind and sand flow steadily into the sand collecting cylinder, thereby improving the continuity and reliability of data collection. At the same time, the wind speed sensor and the rainfall sensor monitor the environmental meteorological conditions in real time. When the wind speed exceeds the safety threshold or a rainfall signal is detected, the system will automatically suspend the drone's scanning mission and fold the solar panels to prevent the equipment from being damaged during operation in bad weather, significantly enhancing the environmental adaptability and service life of the device, and ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0036] 3. The present invention sets a high-pressure tank to store nitrogen, and accurately controls the nozzle through the solenoid valve to implement high-pressure purging and cleaning of the laser Doppler velocimeter. This design not only effectively removes attached sand and avoids its interference with measurement accuracy, but also uses nitrogen purging to achieve local cooling of the equipment, doubly ensuring the stable operation of the equipment and data reliability. In addition, the device adopts an internal cable layout, integrating all cables inside the support mechanism, and adopts a double-layer aluminum foil and copper mesh composite shielding structure for the exposed parts, which can effectively suppress electromagnetic interference of more than 30dB, significantly improve the system's anti-interference ability, and ensure the stability and accuracy of data acquisition and transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a structural stereogram of a soil wind erosion measuring device according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a structural stereogram of a support mechanism in a soil wind erosion measurement device according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a structural perspective view of a measuring mechanism in a soil wind erosion measuring device according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4This is a structural stereogram of the measuring mechanism of a soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a structural perspective view of a weighing mechanism in a soil wind erosion measuring device according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a structural stereogram of the exploded weighing mechanism in a soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the structure inside the weighing mechanism of a soil wind erosion measuring device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a structural stereogram of a control mechanism in a soil wind erosion measuring device according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a structural stereogram of a scanning mechanism in a soil wind erosion measuring device according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a structural stereogram of a drone in a soil wind erosion measurement device according to the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 100, support mechanism; 101, first column; 102, second column; 103, third column; 104, fourth column; 105, sand hole; 106, first support ring; 107, second support ring; 108, support plate; 200, weighing mechanism; 201, sand-proof cylinder; 202, toothed disc; 203, fixing ring; 204, motor; 205, gear; 206, weight sensor; 207, support plate; 208, sand collecting cylinder; 209, memory alloy cover; 210, sand guide plate; 300, measuring mechanism; 301, piezoelectric sensor; 302, connecting frame; 303, laser Doppler velocimeter; 304, high-pressure tank; 305 , solenoid valve; 306, conduit; 307, nozzle; 400, control mechanism; 401, support frame; 402, folding solar panel; 403, servo motor; 404, connecting rod; 405, battery; 406, PLC controller; 407, wireless transmission module; 408, wind speed sensor; 409, rain sensor; 410, wind direction sensor; 500, scanning mechanism; 501, apron; 502, protective shell; 503, pneumatic hinge; 504, cover; 505, drone; 506, microwave surface scanner; 507, Hall sensor; 508, wireless transmission component; 509, magnetic charging cable; 510, charging port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a soil wind erosion measuring device, comprising: a supporting mechanism 100, a weighing mechanism 200, a measuring mechanism 300, a control mechanism 400 and a scanning mechanism 500, wherein the weighing mechanism 200, the measuring mechanism 300, the control mechanism 400 and the scanning mechanism 500 are all located on the supporting mechanism 100;

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the support mechanism 100 includes: a first column 101, a second column 102, a third column 103 and a fourth column 104. The outer wall of the first column 101 is provided with a group of sand holes 105, the outer wall of the second column 102 is provided with a group of first support rings 106, the second column 102 is mounted on the top of the first column 101 through a flange, the third column 103 is mounted on the top of the second column 102 through a flange, the outer wall of the third column 103 is mounted with a second support ring 107 through bolts, four support plates 108 are welded to the top of the second support ring 107, and the fourth column 104 is mounted on the top of the third column 103 through a flange.

[0051] like Figure 5-Figure 7As shown, the weighing mechanism 200 includes: a sand-proof cylinder 201, which is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the first column 101 to prevent wind and sand from passing through the first column 101, a toothed disc 202 is welded to the bottom of the sand-proof cylinder 201, a fixing ring 203 is sleeved on the outer wall of the first column 101, and the fixing ring 203 is attached to the bottom of the toothed disc 202, a motor 204 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the fixing ring 203, and a gear 205 is sleeved on the output end of the motor 204, and the gear 205 is meshed with the toothed disc 202, a weight sensor 206, which is located at the bottom of the first column 101 and is used to weigh the collected sand, the weight sensor 206 is connected to the PLC controller 406 by signal, two support plates 207 are installed on the top of the weight sensor 206, a sand collecting cylinder 208 is provided on the top of the two support plates 207, and two memory alloy covers 209 are provided at the bottom of the sand collecting cylinder 208. A sand guide plate 210 is provided at the bottom, and the sand guide plate 210 passes through one side of the outer wall of the first column 101. Wind and sand enter the interior of the device through the sand hole 105 on the first column 101. Driven by the motor 204, the sand prevention barrel 201 rotates through the engagement of the gear 205 and the toothed disc 202 to ensure that the sand hole 105 is always exposed to the wind direction to prevent sand accumulation and blockage. The fallen sand enters the sand collecting barrel 208. The weight sensor 206 monitors the weight change of the sand in the sand collecting barrel 208 in real time, converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the PLC controller 406. The weight change reflects the amount of sand transported during the soil wind erosion process. The memory alloy cover 209 is heated every cycle to produce a phase change. The two memory alloy covers 209 will open to discharge the sand in the sand collecting barrel 208, and the sand is discharged from the sand guide plate 210. Finally, the memory alloy cover 209 is closed to carry out the measurement of the next cycle.

[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the measuring mechanism 300 includes: multiple groups of piezoelectric sensors 301, which are respectively embedded in the outer wall of a group of first support rings 106 and are used to record the sand impact spectrum. A group of connecting frames 302 are respectively installed at the bottom of a group of first support rings 106, and a laser Doppler velocimeter 303 is installed at the bottom of each connecting frame 302. The laser Doppler velocimeter 303 is connected to the PLC controller 406 for signal measurement of sand concentration. When sand impacts the piezoelectric sensors 301 embedded in the outer wall of the first support ring 106, the sensors convert the mechanical energy generated by the sand impact into electrical signals based on the piezoelectric effect. The spectral characteristics of the electrical signals correspond to different sand impact frequencies and intensities, thereby recording the sand impact spectrum. The laser Doppler velocimeter 303 at the bottom of the first support ring 106 uses the laser Doppler effect to calculate the movement speed and concentration of the sand by analyzing the frequency shift of the reflected light after the laser irradiates the sand, providing dynamic parameters for soil wind erosion degree analysis.

[0053] like Figure 8 As shown, a PLC controller 406 is installed on the top of one of the four support plates 108, and a wireless transmission module 407 is electrically connected to one side of the outer wall of the PLC controller 406. A wind speed sensor 408, a rain sensor 409 and a wind direction sensor 410 are respectively installed on the top of another one of the four support plates 108, and the wind speed sensor 408, the rain sensor 409 and the wind direction sensor 410 are all connected to the PLC controller 406 by signal. The wind speed sensor 408, the wind direction sensor 410 and the rain sensor 409 collect environmental meteorological data in real time and transmit it to the PLC controller 406. The PLC controller 406 judges the environmental conditions according to the preset threshold. For example, when the wind speed sensor 408 detects that the wind speed is too fast, or the rain sensor 409 detects a rainfall signal, the scanning task of the drone 505 is automatically suspended to prevent the equipment from being damaged during operation in bad weather.

[0054] like Figure 10 As shown, the scanning mechanism 500 includes: a drone 505, a landing pad 501 is placed at the bottom of the drone 505, and the landing pad 501 is placed on the top of the fourth column 104, the drone 505 is connected to the PLC controller 406 by signal, a Hall sensor 507 and a wireless transmission component 508 are respectively provided on the top of the drone 505, a magnetic charging line 509 is provided at the bottom of the drone 505, a charging port 510 is provided on the top of the landing pad 501, and a microwave surface scanner 506 is provided at the bottom of the drone 505 for regional surface micro-topography mapping. 05 is equipped with a microwave surface scanner 506 and takes off after receiving instructions from the PLC controller 406. By emitting microwaves and receiving surface reflection signals, it generates regional surface microtopography data and completes terrain mapping. The device adopts an energy system combining a folding solar panel 402 and a battery 405. The folding solar panel 402 adjusts its angle under the drive of the servo motor 403 to maximize the absorption of solar energy and convert it into electrical energy stored in the battery 405 to power various components. After the drone 505 returns to the apron 501, the magnetic charging cable 509 automatically docks with the charging port 510 to realize charging.

[0055] The effect achieved by this embodiment is as follows: the support mechanism 100 is installed in the target measurement area, and the first column 101, the second column 102, the third column 103 and the fourth column 104 are connected in sequence through flanges to ensure structural stability. The PLC controller 406 is started to calibrate and set parameters for the weight sensor 206, the piezoelectric sensor 301, the laser Doppler velocimeter 303, the wind speed sensor 408, the wind direction sensor 410, and the rain sensor 409. At the same time, the servo motor 403 is started. Under the action of the connecting rod 404, the foldable solar panel 402 is unfolded and adjusted to the optimal light receiving angle, and the energy system is started;

[0056] During the operation of the device, the wind direction sensor 410 detects the wind direction, and the drive motor 204 drives the gear 205 to rotate. Under the meshing action of the toothed disc 202, the rotation of the sand prevention barrel 201 is controlled to ensure that the sand hole 105 is always facing the incoming wind direction. The wind-blown sand enters the sand collecting barrel 208 through the sand hole 105. The weight sensor 206 monitors the weight of the sand in real time, converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the PLC controller 406. The weight change reflects the amount of sand transported during the soil wind erosion process. The memory alloy cover 209 is heated every other cycle to produce a phase change. The two memory alloy covers 209 will open to discharge the sand in the sand collecting barrel 208, and the sand is discharged from the sand guide plate 210. Finally, the memory alloy cover 209 is closed to carry out the next cycle of measurement.

[0057] At the same time, the piezoelectric sensor 301 continuously records the sand impact spectrum and detects the particles. The output charge Q of the piezoelectric sensor 301 is proportional to the stress: According to the formula Q=d×F

[0058] in:

[0059] Q: the amount of charge generated by the piezoelectric material;

[0060] d: piezoelectric constant (related to material properties, unit: C / N);

[0061] F: sand impact force (unit: Newton N);

[0062] When a sand particle hits the sensor surface at a velocity v, the impact force F can be estimated by the momentum theorem:

[0063] F = Δp / Δt = Δt / mv

[0064] in:

[0065] m is the mass of sand particles (unit: kg);

[0066] Δt is the impact duration (unit: s) The particle size frequency database is established by quickly analyzing the spectral characteristics of the impact signal;

[0067] The laser Doppler velocimeter 303 measures the concentration and velocity of sand particles. The photodetector receives the frequency-shifted signal and calculates the particle velocity using the formula Δf = 2v·sin(θ / 2) / λ, where v is the velocity, θ is the beam angle, and λ is the wavelength.

[0068] When the environmental conditions meet the requirements (wind speed and rainfall are below the threshold), the PLC controller 406 sends a command to start the drone 505. The drone 505 takes off from the landing pad 501 and carries a microwave surface scanner 506 to perform a flight scan of the target area, collecting surface microtopography data. The data is then transmitted back to the PLC controller 406 in real time via the wireless transmission component 508. After completing the mapping mission, the drone 505 automatically returns to the landing pad 501, and the magnetic charging cable 509 docks with the charging port 510 for charging. The pneumatic hinge 503 of the protective shell 502 controls the cover 504 to close and protect the drone 505.

[0069] Finally, the erosion flux is calculated by multi-sensor information fusion:

[0070] Laser data (particle velocity) + piezoelectric data (impact frequency) + weighing data (mass) are fused through Kalman filtering, and the calculation formula is:

[0071] Q = ∑(ρp × vi × Ai × Ci), (ρp is the particle density, vi is the velocity, Ai is the flow area, Ci is the particle concentration)

[0072] The wind speed sensor 408, wind direction sensor 410, and rainfall sensor 409 collect environmental meteorological data in real time and transmit them to the PLC controller 406. The PLC controller 406 determines the environmental conditions based on preset thresholds. For example, when the wind speed sensor 408 detects excessive wind speed or the rainfall sensor 409 detects rainfall signals, the scanning mission of the drone 505 is automatically suspended to prevent the equipment from being damaged during operation in bad weather.

[0073] This device realizes a closed loop of physical perception, energy conversion, and intelligent decision-making. The various components work together through precise physical and mathematical models. Compared with traditional wind erosion monitoring equipment, the data collection dimension is upgraded from 2D to 4D, which greatly reduces energy consumption and is suitable for long-term unattended monitoring in extreme environments.

[0074] Example 2, as Figure 8As shown, the control mechanism 400 includes two support frames 401, and the two support frames 401 are respectively installed on the top of the two support plates 108, and the inner surface walls of the two support frames 401 are provided with folding solar panels 402, and the outer wall side of the two support frames 401 is installed with a servo motor 403, and the output ends of the two servo motors 403 respectively pass through the inner wall side of the two support frames 401, and are fixedly sleeved with connecting rods 404, and the two connecting rods 404 are respectively connected to the two folding solar panels 402, and the inner surface wall of the third column 103 is provided with a A battery 405 is provided, and the battery 405 is electrically connected to the two folding solar panels 402 respectively. A PLC controller 406 is installed on the top of one of the four support plates 108, and a wireless transmission module 407 is electrically connected to one side of the outer wall of the PLC controller 406. A wind speed sensor 408, a rain sensor 409 and a wind direction sensor 410 are respectively installed on the top of another one of the four support plates 108, and the wind speed sensor 408, the rain sensor 409 and the wind direction sensor 410 are all connected to the PLC controller 406 signal.

[0075] according to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a high-pressure tank 304 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the first column 101, and the top of the high-pressure tank 304 is connected to a solenoid valve 305, and the solenoid valve 305 is connected to the PLC controller 406 for signal connection. The output end of the solenoid valve 305 is connected to a conduit 306, which passes through one side of the inner wall of the second column 102 and is fixedly connected to a group of nozzles 307, and each nozzle 307 is respectively located at the bottom of each laser Doppler velocimeter 303.

[0076] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, a protective shell 502 is provided on the top of the apron 501, and pneumatic hinges 503 are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell 502. The two pneumatic hinges 503 are both connected to the PLC controller 406 signal, and a cover 504 is installed on the top of the two pneumatic hinges 503.

[0077] The effect achieved by the entire mechanism is as follows: the folding solar panel 402 is installed on the top of the support plate 108, the servo motor 403 is connected to the solar panel through the connecting rod 404, and the PLC controller 406 controls the operation of the servo motor 403 to drive the connecting rod 404 to adjust the angle and opening and closing state of the folding solar panel 402, so that it always maintains the best light-receiving posture, maximizes the absorption of solar energy and converts it into electrical energy, and the generated electrical energy is transmitted to the battery 405 in the third column 103 for storage, providing stable power for various components of the device. At the same time, the PLC controller 406 also monitors and manages the charging and discharging status of the battery 405 to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the energy system. The wind speed sensor 408, the rain sensor 409 and the wind direction sensor 410 collect wind speed, rainfall and wind direction information in the environment in real time, and transmit the data to the PLC controller The PLC controller 406 analyzes and processes this environmental data, implementing coordinated control of the equipment based on preset thresholds and logical rules. For example, when the wind direction sensor 410 detects a change in wind direction, the PLC controller 406 controls the motor 204 of the sand-proof cylinder 201. Through the meshing transmission of the gear 205 and the toothed disc 202, the sand-proof cylinder 201 rotates and adjusts its angle, ensuring that the sand hole 105 of the first column 101 always faces the wind direction, maintaining a stable flow of wind and sand into the sand collection cylinder 208. If the wind speed sensor 408 detects that the wind speed exceeds a safety threshold, or the rain sensor 409 detects a rainfall signal, the PLC controller 406 immediately sends a command to suspend the scanning mission of the drone 505 and controls the pneumatic hinge 503 to drive the cover 504 of the protective shell 502 to close, protecting the drone 505 on the apron 501.

[0078] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil wind erosion measuring device, characterized in that: include: A support mechanism (100), a weighing mechanism (200), a measuring mechanism (300), a control mechanism (400), and a scanning mechanism (500), wherein the weighing mechanism (200), the measuring mechanism (300), the control mechanism (400), and the scanning mechanism (500) are all located on the support mechanism (100); The support mechanism (100) comprises: A first column (101), a second column (102), a third column (103) and a fourth column (104), wherein the outer wall of the first column (101) is provided with a group of sand holes (105), and the outer wall of the second column (102) is provided with a group of first support rings (106); The weighing mechanism (200) comprises: A sand prevention tube (201) is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the first column (101) and is used to prevent wind and sand from passing through the first column (101); a weight sensor (206), located at the bottom of the first column (101), for weighing the collected sand; The measuring mechanism (300) comprises: A plurality of groups of piezoelectric sensors (301), respectively embedded in the outer wall of a group of the first support rings (106), for recording sand impact spectra; Multiple groups of laser Doppler velocimeters (303), which are respectively hung on the bottom of a group of the first support rings (106) and are used to measure the concentration of sand particles; The scanning mechanism (500) comprises: A drone (505) is installed on the top of the fourth column (104), and a microwave surface scanner (506) is provided at the bottom of the drone (505) for regional surface micro-topography mapping.

2. A soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second column (102) is mounted on the top of the first column (101) via a flange, the third column (103) is mounted on the top of the second column (102) via a flange, a second support ring (107) is mounted on the outer wall of the third column (103) via bolts, four support plates (108) are welded to the top of the second support ring (107), and the fourth column (104) is mounted on the top of the third column (103) via a flange.

3. A soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control mechanism (400) comprises two support frames (401), and the two support frames (401) are respectively installed on the top of the two support plates (108), the inner surface walls of the two support frames (401) are both provided with folding solar panels (402), the outer wall side of the two support frames (401) is both installed with a servo motor (403), and the output ends of the two servo motors (403) respectively pass through the inner wall side of the two support frames (401) and are fixedly sleeved with connecting rods (404), and the two connecting rods (404) are respectively connected to the two folding solar panels (402), the inner surface wall of the third column (103) is provided with a battery (405), and the battery (405) is respectively electrically connected to the two folding solar panels (402), a PLC controller (406) is installed on the top of one of the four support plates (108), and the outer wall side of the PLC controller (406) is electrically connected to a wireless transmission module (407).

4. The soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A wind speed sensor (408), a rain sensor (409), and a wind direction sensor (410) are respectively installed on the top of another one of the four support plates (108), and the wind speed sensor (408), the rain sensor (409), and the wind direction sensor (410) are all connected to the PLC controller (406) by signal.

5. The soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A toothed disc (202) is welded to the bottom of the sand prevention tube (201); a fixing ring (203) is sleeved on the outer wall of the first column (101), and the fixing ring (203) is attached to the bottom of the toothed disc (202); a motor (204) is installed on one side of the outer wall of the fixing ring (203); a gear (205) is sleeved on the output end of the motor (204), and the gear (205) is meshed with the toothed disc (202); the weight sensor (206) is connected to a PLC controller (406) for signal transmission; two support plates (207) are installed on the top of the weight sensor (206); a sand collecting tube (208) is provided on the top of the two support plates (207); two memory alloy covers (209) are provided on the bottom of the sand collecting tube (208); a sand guide plate (210) is provided on the bottom of the sand collecting tube (208), and the sand guide plate (210) passes through one side of the outer wall of the first column (101).

6. The soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A group of connecting frames (302) are respectively installed at the bottom of a group of the first support rings (106), and a laser Doppler velocimeter (303) is provided at the bottom of each connecting frame (302), and the laser Doppler velocimeter (303) is signal-connected to a PLC controller (406).

7. The soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A high-pressure tank (304) is provided on one side of the outer wall of the first column (101), the top of the high-pressure tank (304) is connected to a solenoid valve (305), and the solenoid valve (305) is connected to a PLC controller (406) for signal communication, the output end of the solenoid valve (305) is connected to a conduit (306), the conduit (306) passes through one side of the inner wall of the second column (102), and is fixedly connected to a group of nozzles (307), and each nozzle (307) is respectively located at the bottom of each laser Doppler velocimeter (303).

8. The soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A parking apron (501) is placed at the bottom of the drone (505), and the parking apron (501) is placed on the top of the fourth column (104). The drone (505) is connected to a PLC controller (406) by signal. A Hall sensor (507) and a wireless transmission component (508) are respectively provided on the top of the drone (505). A magnetic charging line (509) is provided at the bottom of the drone (505), and a charging port (510) is provided on the top of the parking apron (501).

9. The soil wind erosion measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A protective shell (502) is provided on the top of the apron (501), and pneumatic hinges (503) are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell (502). The two pneumatic hinges (503) are both connected to the PLC controller (406) by signal, and a cover (504) is installed on the top of the two pneumatic hinges (503).

10. A soil wind erosion measurement method using a soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 9, comprising the following steps: S1: First, the support mechanism (100) is installed in the target measurement area, and the first column (101), the second column (102), the third column (103) and the fourth column (104) are fixed in sequence through flange connections, and it is ensured that the components are tightly connected. The PLC controller (406) is started to calibrate and initialize various sensors such as the weight sensor (206), the piezoelectric sensor (301), the laser Doppler velocimeter (303), the wind speed sensor (408), the rain sensor (409) and the wind direction sensor (410). At the same time, the foldable solar panel (402) is unfolded and aligned with the direction of sunlight to power the device and charge the battery (405); S2: During the measurement process, wind-blown sand passes through the sand hole (105) of the first column (101), and the weight sensor (206) monitors the weight change of the sand falling into the sand collecting tube (208) in real time. The piezoelectric sensor (301) array on the outer wall of the first support ring (106) records the sand impact spectrum and analyzes the frequency and intensity of the sand impact. The laser Doppler velocimeter (303) array at the bottom of the first support ring (106) measures the concentration and movement speed of the sand. At the same time, the wind speed sensor (408), the rainfall sensor (409), and the wind direction sensor (410) continuously collect wind speed, rainfall, and wind direction data in the environment, and transmit these data to the PLC controller (406) in real time. S3: The motor (204) drives the gear (205) to rotate, and drives the sand prevention tube (201) to rotate by meshing with the toothed disc (202), thereby preventing sand from accumulating and blocking the sand hole (105). The direction of the sand prevention tube (201) can be adjusted according to the wind direction. When the sand in the sand collecting tube (208) reaches a certain amount, the PLC controller (406) controls the memory alloy cover (209) to open according to the data of the weight sensor (206), and the sand is discharged through the sand guide plate (210). At the same time, the PLC controller (406) controls the solenoid valve (305) to open, and the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure tank (304) is ejected through the conduit (306) and the nozzle (307) to clean the laser Doppler velocimeter (303) array, thereby preventing the attachment of sand and affecting the measurement accuracy. S4: The PLC controller (406) sends a command to start the drone (505), and the drone (505) takes off from the landing pad (501). The microwave surface scanner (506) at the bottom is used to map the surface microtopography of the survey area and obtain topographic data. During the mapping process, the Hall sensor (507) and the wireless transmission component (508) on the top of the drone (505) monitor the status of the drone (505) in real time and transmit data. When the drone (505) is low on power, it automatically returns to the landing pad (501), and the magnetic charging cable (509) is connected to the charging port (510) for charging. The pneumatic hinge (503) of the protective shell (502) controls the cover (504) to close, thereby protecting the drone (505). S5: The PLC controller (406) integrates and processes the various data received, combines the sand weight, impact spectrum, concentration, velocity, and ambient wind speed and direction data, uses a built-in algorithm to calculate the soil wind erosion degree and wind sand flux parameters, and analyzes the movement characteristics of sand particles at different heights. At the same time, the terrain data mapped by the drone (505) is compared with historical data to evaluate the impact of terrain changes on soil wind erosion; S6: The processed data is sent to a remote server or monitoring terminal via a wireless transmission module (407) connected to the PLC controller (406) and a wireless transmission component (508) of the drone (505). The staff can view the measurement results and analysis reports in real time through the terminal device. At the same time, the data is backed up and stored in the local PLC controller (406) and server for subsequent research and reference.

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