High-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire, and relates to the technical field of copper-clad aluminum wires. The aluminum material is prepared through mechanical alloying and heat treatment and comprises aluminum powder, graphene, silver powder and rare earth elements. According to the method, uniform distribution of components is ensured, a nano composite structure is formed, interface bonding is optimized, and hardness and strength are improved. And the heat treatment enhances the mechanical property and the conductivity of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. In addition, the interface stress is relieved through the aluminum material surface copper-zinc melt deposition technology, and the combination stability of the aluminum core and the copper coating layer is enhanced. After heat treatment, the copper-zinc layer and the aluminum matrix form an intermetallic compound, the interface strength is improved, and the interlayer cracking risk is reduced. The copper-zinc layer serves as the middle layer, the tensile strength and the compression resistance of the composite copper-clad aluminum flat wire are improved, deformation energy is absorbed, brittle fracture is prevented, the impact resistance is improved, and the fatigue life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of copper-clad aluminum wires, and particularly to a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire. Background Art

[0002] A copper-clad aluminum wire refers to a wire with an aluminum core wire and a copper layer of a certain proportion plated on the outside, which can be used as a conductor. Aluminum wire has a small specific gravity, but its welding performance is not good. Therefore, a copper layer is coated on the aluminum wire. This kind of copper-clad aluminum wire can not only utilize the advantage of the small specific gravity of aluminum, but also improve the welding performance.

[0003] Those skilled in the art are well aware that increasing the content of magnesium element in the core aluminum alloy or increasing the cold drawing deformation amount of the copper-clad aluminum alloy can achieve an increase in the tensile strength of the single wire of the copper-clad aluminum alloy conductor. However, when the above methods increase the strength, it is inevitable to bring a large increase in the resistivity of the conductor, seriously affecting the electrical performance of the conductor. At the same time, when the above method of increasing the cold drawing deformation amount of the copper-clad aluminum alloy increases the strength, the elongation at break of the copper-clad aluminum alloy conductor wire will also decrease accordingly. Since the copper-clad aluminum alloy wire needs to be drawn into shape in actual production, the decrease in the elongation at break will greatly reduce the production efficiency of the product. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire, comprising the following preparation steps: (1) Mix 1 / 3 of aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of rare earth oxide powder and place them in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 2 - 3 h, add 1 / 3 of aluminum powder and silver powder. After ball milling for 3 - 5 h, add the remaining 1 / 3 of aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of rare earth oxide powder, and ball mill for 3 - 5 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder; (2) Load the mechanically alloyed powder into a mold for pressing and forming, and then sinter at 550 - 670 °C for 2 - 8 h, and cool to room temperature to obtain a formed blank; (3) Use an inert gas to atomize and deposit the melt flowing out of the liquid delivery pipe onto the formed blank. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the receiving distance is 400 - 600 mm, the thickness is 2 - 4 mm. After spray forming, under an argon atmosphere, perform two heat treatments and draw to a bar with a wire diameter of 15 mm; (4) Use an automatic sleeving device to sleeve the bar into a pure copper tube of the corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank. The cladding ratio is 10% - 40%. Weld, cool, anneal, and perform drawing. Draw to a wire diameter of 0.14 - 3.0 mm, and perform single / multi-pass flat roll rolling to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire.

[0006] Furthermore, in step (1), the particle size of the aluminum powder is 60 - 80 μm, the particle size of the graphene powder is 45 - 60 μm, the particle size of the rare earth oxide powder is 45 - 70 μm, and the particle size of the silver powder is 45 - 70 μm.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, rare earth oxide powder, and silver powder is 85 - 95:0.5 - 3:0.1 - 0.8:1 - 5.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (1), the rare earth oxide is lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide.

[0009] Furthermore, the conditions for pressing and forming in step (2) are: the pressing pressure is 150 - 250 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 0 - 30 s.

[0010] Furthermore, the rapid cooling rate in step (2) is 100 °C / s.

[0011] Furthermore, the melt in step (3) is obtained by melting copper powder and zinc powder under the protection of high-purity argon, and the mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 6 - 8:2 - 4.

[0012] Furthermore, the two heat treatments in step (3) are as follows: the first heat treatment temperature is 500 - 550 °C, the heat treatment time is 10 - 30 min, and it is rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s; the second heat treatment temperature is 460 - 525 °C, and the heat treatment time is 30 - 120 min.

[0013] Furthermore, the drawing speed in step (3) is 20 - 1000 m / min.

[0014] Furthermore, the drawing speed in step (4) is 100 - 1000 m / min, and the rolling speed is 10 - 300 m / min.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: The aluminum material of the present invention is prepared by mechanical alloying and heat treatment processes, and it contains aluminum powder, graphene, silver powder, and rare earth elements. Mechanical alloying ensures the uniform distribution of each component, forms a nano-composite structure, optimizes the interfacial bonding, and reduces stress concentration. Heat treatment further optimizes the interfacial structure, improves the hardness and strength, promotes the solid solution of silver elements, forms fine precipitation phases, and enhances the strength. Rare earth elements refine the matrix structure, form stable compounds, reduce grain boundary segregation, and enhance the bonding force. Graphene strengthens the mechanical properties, silver powder improves the conductivity, and rare earth elements improve the dispersibility and interfacial bonding. Combining mechanical alloying and heat treatment, the copper-clad aluminum flat wire has significantly improved mechanical properties and conductivity, providing an effective path for the development of high-performance lightweight conductive copper-clad aluminum flat wire.

[0016] The present invention reduces the interfacial stress through a copper-zinc transition layer, enhancing the bonding between the aluminum core and the copper layer. After heat treatment, intermetallic compounds are formed between the copper-zinc layer and the aluminum matrix, achieving atomic-level bonding, improving the interfacial strength, and reducing the risk of cracking. The Cu-Zn alloy layer, as an intermediate layer, improves the tensile strength, compressive properties, and impact resistance of the composite copper-clad aluminum flat wire. Meanwhile, it absorbs deformation energy, prevents brittle fracture, and extends the fatigue life. The compactness and chemical stability of the copper-zinc layer effectively block corrosive media, delaying the oxidation and corrosion reactions of aluminum. The copper-zinc layer, as a transition layer, reduces the potential gradient, decreases the corrosion current density, and inhibits electrochemical corrosion. The combination of the copper outer layer, the copper-zinc intermediate layer, and the aluminum matrix forms a hierarchical protection system to cope with complex corrosion environments. Specific Embodiments

[0017] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 60 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 45 μm, lanthanum oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 50 μm is 85:0.5:0.5:2. One-third of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and one-half of the lanthanum oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 2 h, one-third of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 3 h, the remaining one-third of the aluminum powder and the remaining one-half of the lanthanum oxide powder are added, and ball milling is continued for 3 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain mechanically alloyed powder. The ball milling process conditions are as follows: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, the ball-to-powder ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling speed is 250 r / min. (2) The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for compression molding. The compression pressure is 150 MPa, the pressure holding time is 30 s, sintering is carried out at 550 °C for 8 h, and then it is rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank. (3) Copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 6:4. The molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube is atomized and deposited on the formed blank by using an inert gas. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 0.5 MPa, the receiving distance is 400 mm, and the atomizing gas flow rate is 0.13 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 4 kg / min, the rotational speed of the formed blank is 5 rpm, the thickness is 2 mm. After spray forming, under an argon atmosphere, it is heat-treated at 500 °C for 30 min, then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s, then treated at 460 °C for 120 min, and drawn into a rod with a wire diameter of 15 mm, and the drawing speed is 20 m / min; (4)An automatic casing equipment is used to sleeve the rod into a pure copper tube with a corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank, and the cladding ratio is 20%. Enter the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding torch in the welding area. The tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced into the cooling area as the shielding gas and annealed in a vacuum annealing furnace. The temperature of the vacuum annealing is 300 °C, and the annealing time is 3 h. Then drawing is carried out, and the drawing speed is 100 m / min. It is drawn to a wire diameter of 0.4 mm, and single-pass flat roll rolling is carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.032 mm, and the width-thickness ratio is 5:1, and the rolling speed is 10 m / min.

[0019] Example 2: (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 67 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 50 μm, lanthanum oxide powder with a particle size of 53 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 88:1.3:0.3:2.3; 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of the lanthanum oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 2 h, 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 3 h, the remaining 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of the lanthanum oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 4 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder; the ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, the ball-to-powder ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling speed is 250 r / min; (2)The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for pressing treatment. The pressing pressure is 150 MPa, the pressure holding time is 30 s, and it is sintered at 590 °C for 4 h, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank; (3)Copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder and zinc powder is 6:3. It is injected into a liquid guide tube, and the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube is atomized and deposited on the formed blank by using an inert gas. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 0.7 MPa, the receiving distance is 450 mm, and the atomizing gas flow rate is 1.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 4 kg / min, the rotational speed of the formed blank is 5 rpm, the thickness is 2 mm. After spray forming, under an argon atmosphere, it is heat-treated at 500 °C for 25 min, then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s, then treated at 485 °C for 60 min, and drawn into a rod with a wire diameter of 15 mm, and the drawing speed is 50 m / min; (4) An automatic casing equipment is used to sleeve the bar into a pure copper tube of corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank with a cladding ratio of 20%. Then it enters the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding gun in the welding area. The tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace at a temperature of 300 °C for 2 h. Then drawing is carried out at a drawing speed of 100 m / min until the wire diameter reaches 0.8 mm. Single-pass flat roll rolling is carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.058 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 5:1, and a rolling speed of 30 m / min.

[0020] Example 3: (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 73 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 55 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 62 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 55 μm is 91:2.2:0.6:3.7. One-third of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and one-half of the cerium oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 h, one-third of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 5 h, the remaining one-third of the aluminum powder and the remaining one-half of the cerium oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 5 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder. The ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, a ball-to-powder ratio of 10:1, and a ball milling speed of 250 r / min. (2) The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for press forming. The pressing pressure is 200 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 15 s. Sintering is carried out at 620 °C for 6 h, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank. (3) Copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 7:3. The molten metal is injected into a liquid guide tube, and the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube is atomized and deposited onto the formed blank by using an inert gas. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 0.9 MPa, the receiving distance is 500 mm, the atomizing gas flow rate is 2.71 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 11 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank is 10 rpm, and the thickness is 4 mm. After spray forming, heat treatment is carried out at 550 °C for 20 min in an argon atmosphere, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s. Then it is treated at 505 °C for 90 min and drawn into a bar with a wire diameter of 15 mm at a drawing speed of 60 m / min. (4) An automatic casing equipment is used to sleeve the bar into a pure copper tube of corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank with a cladding ratio of 30%. Then it enters the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding torch in the welding area. The tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 hours. Then drawing is carried out at a drawing speed of 200 m / min until the wire diameter reaches 1.3 mm. Single-pass flat roll rolling is carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.055 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8:1, and a rolling speed of 30 m / min.

[0021] Example 4: (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 60 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.5:0.1:5. 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 hours, 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 5 hours, the remaining 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 5 hours. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder. The ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and a ball milling speed of 250 r / min. (2) The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for pressing treatment. The pressing pressure is 250 MPa, the pressure holding time is 15 s, sintering is carried out at 670 °C for 2 hours, and then it is rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank. (3) Copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 8:2. They are injected into a liquid guide tube. Inert gas is used to atomize and deposit the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube onto the formed blank. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 1.2 MPa, the receiving distance is 600 mm, the atomizing gas flow rate is 3.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 10 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank is 15 rpm, and the thickness is 4 mm. After spray forming, heat treatment is carried out at 550 °C for 30 min in an argon atmosphere, then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s, and then treated at 525 °C for 30 min. It is drawn into a bar with a wire diameter of 15 mm at a drawing speed of 100 m / min. (4)Use an automatic casing equipment to insert the bar into a pure copper tube of corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank with a cladding ratio of 35%. Then it enters the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding gun in the welding area. The tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the metal copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 hours. Then drawing is performed at a drawing speed of 200 m / min until the wire diameter reaches 1.8 mm. Single-pass flat roll rolling is carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 (without adding graphene powder): (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.1:5. One-third of the aluminum powder and half of the cerium oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 hours, one-third of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 5 hours, the remaining one-third of the aluminum powder and the remaining half of the cerium oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 5 hours. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder. The ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, a ball-to-powder ratio of 10:1, and a ball milling speed of 250 r / min; (2)The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for pressing treatment. The pressing pressure is 250 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 15 s. Sintering is carried out at 670 °C for 2 hours, and then it is rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank; (3)Copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 8:2. The molten metal is injected into a liquid guide tube, and the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube is atomized and deposited onto the formed blank by using an inert gas. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 1.2 MPa, the receiving distance is 600 mm, the atomizing gas flow rate is 3.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 10 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank is 15 rpm, and the thickness is 4 mm. After spray forming, it is heat-treated at 550 °C for 30 min in an argon atmosphere, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s. Then it is treated at 525 °C for 30 min and drawn into a bar with a wire diameter of 15 mm at a drawing speed of 100 m / min; (4) An automatic casing equipment is used to sleeve the bar into a pure copper tube of corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank with a cladding ratio of 35%. Then it enters the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding gun in the welding area. The tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 hours. Then drawing is performed at a drawing speed of 200 m / min until the wire diameter reaches 1.8 mm. Single-pass flat roll rolling is carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0023] Comparative Example 2 (without adding silver powder): (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 60 μm, and cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.5:0.1. 2 / 3 of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 hours, the remaining 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 5 hours. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder. The ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and a ball milling speed of 250 r / min; (2) The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for pressing and forming. The pressing pressure is 250 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 15 s. Sintering is carried out at 670 °C for 2 hours, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank; (3) Copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 8:2. The molten metal is injected into a liquid guide tube, and the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube is atomized and deposited on the formed blank by using an inert gas. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 1.2 MPa, the receiving distance is 600 mm, the atomizing gas flow rate is 3.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 10 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank is 15 rpm, and the thickness is 4 mm. After spray forming, heat treatment is carried out at 550 °C for 30 min in an argon atmosphere, then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s, and then treated at 525 °C for 30 min. Drawing is carried out to a bar with a wire diameter of 15 mm at a drawing speed of 100 m / min; (4) An automatic casing equipment is used to insert the bar into a pure copper tube of corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank with a cladding ratio of 35%. Then it enters the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding torch in the welding area. The tungsten inert gas pulsed arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 hours. Then drawing is performed at a speed of 200 m / min until the wire diameter reaches 1.8 mm. Single-pass flat-roll rolling is carried out to produce a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0024] Comparative Example 3 (mechanical alloying): (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 60 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.5:0.1:5. The aluminum powder, cerium oxide powder, and silver powder are heated to the molten state, graphene powder is added, and after stirring evenly, it is poured into a mold and cooled to room temperature to obtain a formed blank. (3) The copper powder and zinc powder are melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 8:2. It is injected into a liquid guide tube, and an inert gas is used to atomize and deposit the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube onto the formed blank. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 1.2 MPa, the receiving distance is 600 mm, the atomizing gas flow rate is 3.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 10 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank is 15 rpm, and the thickness is 4 mm. After spray forming, it is heat-treated at 550 °C for 30 min in an argon atmosphere, then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s, and then treated at 525 °C for 30 min, and drawn into a bar with a wire diameter of 15 mm at a drawing speed of 100 m / min; (4) An automatic casing equipment is used to insert the bar into a pure copper tube of corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank with a cladding ratio of 35%. Then it enters the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding torch in the welding area. The tungsten inert gas pulsed arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it enters the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 hours. Then drawing is performed at a speed of 200 m / min until the wire diameter reaches 1.8 mm. Single-pass flat-roll rolling is carried out to produce a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0025] Comparative Example 4 (without heat treatment after pressing): (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 60 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.5:0.1:5; 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder were mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 h, 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and silver powder were added. After ball milling for 5 h, the remaining 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder were added, and ball milling was carried out for 5 h. After ball milling, the powder was dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder; the ball milling process conditions were: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, the ball-to-material ratio was 10:1, and the ball milling speed was 250 r / min; (2) The mechanically alloyed powder was loaded into a mold for pressing treatment. The pressing pressure was 250 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 15 s to obtain a formed blank; (3) Copper powder and zinc powder were melted under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder was 8:2. The molten metal was injected into a liquid guide tube, and the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube was atomized and deposited on the formed blank by using an inert gas. The atomizing gas was high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure was 1.2 MPa, the receiving distance was 600 mm, the atomizing gas flow rate was 3.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate was 10 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank was 15 rpm, the thickness was 4 mm. After spray forming, under an argon atmosphere, heat treatment was carried out at 550 °C for 30 min, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s. Then, treatment was carried out at 525 °C for 30 min, and drawn into a rod with a wire diameter of 15 mm. The drawing speed was 100 m / min; (4) An automatic casing device was used to sleeve the rod into a pure copper tube of the corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank. The cladding ratio was 35%. Entering the welding area, argon was used as the shielding gas at the welding torch of the welding area. The tungsten inert gas pulsed arc welding was used to continuously weld the welds of the metal copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, it entered the cooling area. Argon was introduced into the cooling area as the shielding gas, and annealing was carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace. The temperature of the vacuum annealing was 350 °C, and the annealing time was 3 h. Drawing was carried out, and the drawing speed was 200 m / min. It was drawn to a wire diameter of 1.8 mm, and single-pass flat-roll rolling was carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0026] Comparative Example 5 (without coating the copper-zinc alloy layer): (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 60 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.5:0.1:5; 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 h, 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 3 - 5 h, the remaining 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 5 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder; the ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling speed is 250 r / min; (2) The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for pressing treatment. The pressing pressure is 250 MPa, the pressure holding time is 15 s, sintering is carried out at 670 °C for 2 h, then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s, and then treated at 525 °C for 30 min, and drawn into a rod with a wire diameter of 15 mm. The drawing speed is 100 m / min; (3) An automatic casing equipment is used to sleeve the rod into a pure copper tube of corresponding specifications to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank. The coating ratio is 35%. Enter the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding torch in the welding area. The tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding is used to continuously weld the welds of the metal copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, enter the cooling area. Argon is introduced as the shielding gas in the cooling area. Annealing is carried out in a vacuum annealing furnace. The temperature of the vacuum annealing is 350 °C, and the annealing time is 3 h. Drawing is carried out. The drawing speed is 200 m / min, and it is drawn to a wire diameter of 1.8 mm. Single-pass flat-roll rolling is carried out to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0027] Comparative Example 6 (without heat treatment after coating the copper-zinc alloy layer): (1) The mass ratio of aluminum powder with a particle size of 80 μm, graphene powder with a particle size of 60 μm, cerium oxide powder with a particle size of 45 μm, and silver powder with a particle size of 45 μm is 95:0.5:0.1:5; 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are mixed and placed in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 3 h, 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and silver powder are added. After ball milling for 3 - 5 h, the remaining 1 / 3 of the aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of the cerium oxide powder are added, and ball milling is carried out for 5 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain a mechanically alloyed powder; the ball milling process conditions are: using alcohol as the ball milling medium, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling speed is 250 r / min; (2) The mechanically alloyed powder is loaded into a mold for pressing treatment. The pressing pressure is 250 MPa, the pressure holding time is 15 s, sintering is carried out at 670 °C for 2 h, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s to obtain a formed blank; (3) Melt copper powder and zinc powder under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder to zinc powder is 8:2. Inject it into the liquid guide tube. Use inert gas to atomize and deposit the molten liquid flowing out of the liquid guide tube onto the formed blank. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the atomizing pressure is 1.2 MPa, the receiving distance is 600 mm, and the atomizing gas flow rate is 3.5 m 3 / min, the molten metal flow rate is 10 kg / min, the rotation speed of the formed blank is 15 rpm, the thickness is 4 mm. After spray forming, draw it into a rod with a wire diameter of 15 mm, and the drawing speed is 100 m / min; (4) Use an automatic casing equipment to sleeve the rod into a pure copper tube of corresponding specifications to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank. The cladding ratio is 35%. Enter the welding area. Argon is used as the shielding gas at the welding torch in the welding area. Use tungsten electrode pulsed argon arc welding to continuously weld the welds of the copper-clad aluminum flat wire. After welding, enter the cooling area. Argon is introduced into the cooling area as the shielding gas. Anneal it in a vacuum annealing furnace. The temperature of the vacuum annealing is 350 °C, and the annealing time is 3 h. Then perform drawing, and the drawing speed is 200 m / min. Draw it to a wire diameter of 1.8 mm, and perform single-pass flat-roll rolling to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire with a thickness of 0.33 mm, a width-to-thickness ratio of 8.5:1, and a rolling speed of 10 m / min.

[0028] Effect Example The following Table 1 gives the performance analysis results of the copper-clad aluminum flat wires of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[0029] Table 1 It can be clearly seen from the above table that the copper-clad aluminum flat wire of the present invention has higher strength; lower resistivity, that is, higher conductivity; higher elongation; more fatigue bending times; that is, the wire of the present invention has better electrical and mechanical properties.

[0030] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire, characterized in that, It includes the following preparation steps: (1) Mix 1 / 3 of aluminum powder, graphene powder, and 1 / 2 of rare earth oxide powder and place them in a planetary ball mill. After ball milling for 2 - 3 h, add 1 / 3 of aluminum powder and silver powder. After ball milling for 3 - 5 h, add the remaining 1 / 3 of aluminum powder and the remaining 1 / 2 of rare earth oxide powder, and ball mill for 3 - 5 h. After ball milling, the powder is dried to obtain mechanically alloyed powder; (2) Load the mechanically alloyed powder into a mold for pressing and forming, and then sinter at 550 - 670 °C for 2 - 8 h, and cool to room temperature to obtain a formed blank; (3) Use an inert gas to atomize and deposit the molten liquid flowing out from the liquid delivery pipe onto the formed blank. The atomizing gas is high-purity Ar, the receiving distance is 400 - 600 mm, the thickness is 2 - 4 mm. After spray forming, under an argon atmosphere, perform two heat treatments and draw to a rod with a wire diameter of 15 mm; (4) Use an automatic casing device to sleeve the rod into a pure copper tube of the corresponding specification to form a copper-clad aluminum tube blank. The cladding ratio is 10 - 40%. Weld, cool, anneal, and perform drawing. Draw to a wire diameter of 0.14 - 3.0 mm, and perform single / multi-pass flat roll rolling to prepare a high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire.

2. The high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the particle size of the aluminum powder is 60 - 80 μm, the particle size of the graphene powder is 45 - 60 μm, the particle size of the rare earth oxide powder is 45 - 70 μm, and the particle size of the silver powder is 45 - 70 μm.

3. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of the aluminum powder, graphene powder, rare earth oxide powder, and silver powder is 85 - 95:0.5 - 3:0.1 - 0.8:1 - 5.

4. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the rare earth oxide is lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide.

5. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the conditions for pressing and forming are: the pressing pressure is 150 - 250 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 0 - 30 s.

6. The high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the rapid cooling rate is 100 °C / s.

7. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the molten liquid is obtained by melting copper powder and zinc powder under the protection of high-purity argon. The mass ratio of copper powder and zinc powder is 6 - 8:2 - 4.

8. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the two heat treatments are: the first heat treatment temperature is 500 - 550 °C, the heat treatment time is 10 - 30 min, and it is rapidly cooled to room temperature at 100 °C / s; the second heat treatment temperature is 460 - 525 °C, and the heat treatment time is 30 - 120 min.

9. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the drawing speed is 20 - 1000 m / min.

10. A high-performance copper-clad aluminum flat wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the drawing speed is 100 - 1000 m / min, and the rolling speed is 10 - 300 m / min.

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