Pouring production line and pouring method for investment casting

Abstract

The invention provides a pouring production line and a pouring method for investment casting, and particularly relates to the field of investment casting. The pouring production line comprises a smelting furnace, a mold shell conveying line, a pouring truck, a roasting furnace, a cover box lifting conveyor, a solidification cooling mechanism, a feeding transfer mechanism and a discharging transfer mechanism. The mold shell conveying line is arranged in front of the smelting furnace and comprises a first guide rail and a second guide rail which are oppositely arranged, and a third guide rail and a fourth guide rail which are located at the two ends of the first guide rail and the two ends of the second guide rail, and the roasting furnace, the cover box lifting conveyor and the solidification cooling mechanism are sequentially arranged along the second guide rail. The feeding transfer mechanism is arranged on the third guide rail and can transfer the tray loaded with the mold shell to a pouring truck for pouring; and the discharging and transferring mechanism is arranged on the fourth guide rail, and after pouring is completed, the tray loaded with the casting mold shell is transferred to the solidifying and cooling mechanism to be solidified and cooled. The production line can improve the quality of castings and improve the production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of investment casting, and in particular to a pouring production line and a pouring method for investment casting. Background Art

[0002] Investment castings are castings made using the investment casting (also known as lost wax casting) process. This process first uses a low melting point material (such as wax) to make a melt pattern, then coats its surface with refractory material to form a shell, heats the wax pattern to melt and discharge it, forming a hollow cavity (shell), roasts it to a certain temperature and keeps it warm for a period of time, and finally pours the metal liquid into the cavity, cools it, and removes the shell to obtain the casting.

[0003] Most investment castings are made of cast steel, which has the characteristics of high melting point, easy oxidation, and poor fluidity. When pouring, most of them use manual handheld steel forks to clamp the hot mold shell to the front of the smelting furnace and pour directly with an electric furnace or pour with a ladle manually. There are generally problems such as low production efficiency, high working environment temperature, high labor intensity, and many hidden dangers of work-related accidents. Direct pouring with an electric furnace has the disadvantages of being difficult to achieve precise quantitative and automation; the pouring method of manually operating the ladle has the disadvantages of long transportation distance, long storage time of the molten metal in the ladle, the need for overheating of the molten metal, poor process consistency, and high casting scrap rate. The manual operation of the cover box solidification method has the problems of high labor intensity, low production efficiency, and difficult process quality control. Some enterprises use a row of multiple groups of pneumatic lifting mechanisms and horizontal catenary conveyor cover box operation, which has the disadvantages of too many mechanisms and high investment costs.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a casting production line and a casting method for investment casting to improve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a casting production line and a casting method for investment casting to improve the problems of low production efficiency, high working environment temperature, high labor intensity and many hidden dangers of work-related accidents in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above and other related objectives, a pouring production line for investment casting is provided in the first aspect of the present invention. The pouring production line includes: a melting furnace, a mold shell conveying line, a pouring cart, a roasting furnace, a cover box lifting conveyor, a solidification and cooling mechanism, a feeding transfer mechanism, and a discharging transfer mechanism. Among them, the mold shell conveying line is arranged in front of the melting furnace. The mold shell conveying line includes a first guide rail and a second guide rail arranged opposite to each other, and a third guide rail and a fourth guide rail perpendicular to the extending direction of the first guide rail and located at both ends of the first guide rail and the second guide rail. The roasting furnace, the cover box lifting conveyor, and the solidification and cooling mechanism are arranged in sequence along the second guide rail. The roasting furnace is used for roasting the mold shell. The cover box lifting conveyor is used for heat preservation of the roasted mold shell with a cover box. The solidification and cooling mechanism solidifies and cools the castings after pouring. The feeding transfer mechanism is arranged on the third guide rail and transfers the tray carrying the mold shell from the second guide rail to the pouring cart for pouring; the discharging transfer mechanism is arranged on the fourth guide rail and transfers the tray carrying the casting mold shell from the pouring cart to the second guide rail for solidification and cooling.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pouring cart includes a vehicle body, a tray roller path, a tray conveyor, a pouring machine, a ladle, and a cover box mechanism. The tray roller path is arranged on the vehicle body. The tray conveyor is arranged below the tray roller path and is used to drive the tray to move along the tray roller path. The pouring machine is arranged on one side of the tray roller path. The ladle is arranged on the roller path of the pouring machine. The cover box mechanism is arranged above the tray roller path.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, a smoke collecting hood and a smoke exhaust pipe communicated with the smoke collecting hood are provided in front of the melting furnace. The pouring cart further includes a folding motorized roller path, and the folding motorized roller path is arranged on the side of the vehicle body facing the melting furnace.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cover box mechanism includes a frame, a moving mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a lifting tool, and a bracket. The extending direction of the frame is consistent with the extending direction of the tray roller path. The moving mechanism is arranged on the frame and moves along the frame. The lifting mechanism is fixed on the moving mechanism. The lifting tool is fixed at the bottom of the lifting mechanism. The bracket is arranged on the frame and is used for placing the cover box.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pouring machine and the ladle on the pouring cart include the following modes:

[0011] Two pouring machines and two ladles. The two ladles are correspondingly arranged on the two pouring machines, and the two pouring machines alternately execute receiving molten metal and pouring the mold shell;

[0012] A pouring machine and a ladle, wherein the ladle is arranged on the pouring machine, and the pouring machine drives the ladle to dock with the nozzle of the smelting furnace to receive the molten metal and descend for pouring;

[0013] A pouring machine, two ladles and a ladle-changing transfer vehicle are provided. The two ladles are used to receive molten metal and cast molds alternately. The ladle receiving the molten metal is carried by the ladle-changing transfer vehicle to the smelting furnace to receive the molten metal, and the other ladle is used for pouring with the pouring machine.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the folding motorized roller is driven by a hydraulic motor or a reduction motor to complete its lifting and lowering through a two-link mechanism. When the folding motorized roller is raised, the ladle can be moved in a direction vertical to the smelting furnace to receive the molten metal in front of the smelting furnace; when the folding motorized roller is lowered, the pouring car can avoid interference with the smelting furnace smoke hood and exhaust pipe when moving along the first track.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading and transporting mechanism includes a loading and transporting vehicle, a loading and transporting ferry vehicle, a short side roller, a long side lifting roller and a transition roller. The loading and transporting ferry vehicle is arranged on the third guide rail, the loading and transporting vehicle is arranged on the loading and transporting ferry vehicle, and moves along the third guide rail with the loading and transporting ferry vehicle. The short side roller is arranged at the bottom of the roasting furnace to receive the mold shell after roasting, the long side lifting roller is arranged on the second guide rail and is cross-arranged with the short side roller, and the transition roller is connected to the long side lifting roller.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the unloading material transfer mechanism includes a unloading material transfer vehicle, a unloading material ferry vehicle and a short side lifting roller. The unloading material ferry vehicle is arranged on the fourth guide rail, the unloading material transfer vehicle is arranged on the unloading material ferry vehicle and moves along the fourth guide rail with the unloading material ferry vehicle, and the short side lifting roller is arranged at one end of the second guide rail close to the solidification cooling mechanism.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the solidification cooling mechanism includes a pallet transfer vehicle, a roller conveyor and a casting unloading machine, the roller conveyor extends in a direction perpendicular to the second guide rail, the pallet transfer vehicle is arranged on the second guide rail and moves along the second guide rail, the casting unloading machine is arranged on the second guide rail on one side of the roller conveyor, and the casting unloading machine is provided with a casting frame for the cooling process.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention provides a pouring and solidification method using the above-mentioned pouring production line, comprising the following steps:

[0019] The fired mold shells are placed in rows on a tray, and a cover box is placed on each mold shell to keep it warm;

[0020] The tray carrying the mold shell is transported to the pouring area of the first guide rail through a loading and transporting mechanism, and docked to the pouring vehicle;

[0021] The pouring vehicle pours the hot mold shells on the pallet one by one;

[0022] After pouring is completed, the tray carrying the casting mold shell moves forward from the pouring vehicle to the material unloading and transporting mechanism, and is transported by the material unloading and transporting mechanism to the solidification and cooling zone for solidification and cooling.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, a cover box mechanism is provided on the pouring vehicle. When the pouring vehicle is pouring, the cover box mechanism rises to drive the cover box away from the mold shell. After the pouring of the mold shell is completed, the cover box mechanism descends with the cover box to cover the poured mold shell casting to achieve solidification in an oxygen-deficient state. The cover box mechanism places the cover box of the first mold shell on the tray on the bracket, and then uses the cover box of the next mold shell to complete the solidification of the cover box of the previously poured casting mold shell, and so on and so forth to complete the opening, pouring and covering of the entire row of mold shells.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the solidification cooling step includes: when the solidification temperature of the outer layer of the casting mold shell in the covered box state is below the solidus line by 50°C, the cover box is opened, and then the casting mold shell is moved under the casting unloading machine, and cooled on the casting frame of the open cooling process; the empty tray and cover box are moved to the initial position to enter the next cycle.

[0025] The invention provides a pouring production line for investment casting, which integrates pouring and solidification processes on one production line, and can achieve high automation and improve production efficiency under the premise of ensuring consistency of the pouring process and high quality of the castings after solidification.

[0026] The production line of the present invention can realize the integrated and automatic operation of heat preservation of the cover box before hot film shell pouring, removal of the box during pouring, and solidification of the cover box after pouring; the heat preservation of the cover box before pouring has a significant energy-saving and consumption-reducing effect; the solidification of the cover box after pouring can effectively prevent the surface layer structure of the casting from being oxidized due to contact with the air, thereby improving the quality of the precision casting.

[0027] The invention uses a small ladle pouring in front of a smelting furnace, which has the advantages of short storage time of the molten metal in the ladle, less overheating and oxidation inclusions of the molten metal, high casting quality and pouring measurement accuracy, less metal loss, etc.

[0028] The invention has high, medium and low different productivity modes to choose from, and has the characteristics of high casting production efficiency, wide market coverage and fast industry promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other embodiments can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the double-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic plan view of the single-machine and single-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of the single-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic plan view of the first pouring machine working in the double-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic plan view of the second pouring machine working in the double-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic plan view of the pouring vehicle in the single-machine and single-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic plan view of the pouring vehicle in the single-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic elevation view of the pouring vehicle in the double-machine and double-package and single-machine and single-package modes of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 It is a schematic elevation view of the pouring vehicle in the single-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 It is a schematic front view of the cover box mechanism of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 It is a schematic side view of the cover box mechanism of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0041] Figures 12 - 14 It is a schematic cover box view of the cover box mechanism in the double-machine and double-package mode of the pouring production line for investment casting of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15Schematic diagram of the mold covering mechanism for the single machine with double ladles and single machine with single ladle modes in the pouring production line of investment casting of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 16 Elevation schematic diagram of the residual liquid recovery for the single machine with single ladle and single machine with double ladles modes in the pouring production line of investment casting of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 17 Elevation schematic diagram of the residual liquid recovery for the double machines with double ladles mode in the pouring production line of investment casting of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 18 Elevation schematic diagram of the pouring car with a folding mobile roller path for the single machine with double ladles mode in the pouring production line of investment casting of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 19 Elevation schematic diagram of the pouring car with a folding mobile roller path for the single machine with single ladle and double machines with double ladles modes in the pouring production line of investment casting of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the working process of the pouring production line of investment casting of the present invention.

[0048] Explanation of component labels:

[0049] 100, melting furnace; 101, smoke collecting hood; 102, smoke exhaust flue; 110, residual melt tank; 200, mold shell conveying line; 210, first guide rail; 220, second guide rail; 230, third guide rail; 240, fourth guide rail; 300, pouring car; 310, first pouring machine; 311, first ladle; 320, second pouring machine; 321, second ladle; 330, tray roller path; 340, mold covering mechanism; 341, frame; 342, moving mechanism; 343, lifting mechanism; 344, lifting appliance; 345, bracket; 346, ladle changing transfer car; 347, roller path; 348, tray conveyor; 349, folding mobile roller path; 350, ladle baking machine; 360, ladle baking roller path; 370, mold cover; 400, roasting furnace; 500, mold cover lifting conveyor; 600, solidification and cooling mechanism; 610, casting blanking machine; 611, casting frame; 620, roller path conveyor; 630, tray transfer car; 700, loading transfer mechanism; 710, loading transfer car; 720, loading ferry car; 730, long side lifting roller path; 740, transition roller path; 800, blanking transfer mechanism; 810, blanking transfer car; 820, blanking ferry car; 830, short side lifting roller path; 900, tray; 910, mold shell. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. It should also be understood that the terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. The test methods without specific conditions noted in the following embodiments are generally in accordance with conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by each manufacturer.

[0051] When an embodiment gives a numerical range, it should be understood that unless otherwise specified in the present invention, any value at both ends of each numerical range and any value between the two ends can be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention, based on the understanding of those skilled in the art of the prior art and the description of the present invention, any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to the prior art in the methods, devices, and materials in the embodiments of the present invention can also be used to implement the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear description and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention. The "short side" and "long side" in this specification represent the short side and long side of the pallet.

[0053] Please refer to Figures 1 to 19 , the first aspect of the present invention provides a pouring production line for investment casting. The production line includes a melting furnace 100, a mold shell conveying line 200, a pouring cart 300, a roasting furnace 400, a cover box lifting conveyor 500, a solidification and cooling mechanism 600, a loading and transfer mechanism 700, and an unloading and transfer mechanism 800.

[0054] Among them, the melting furnace 100 is used to melt the metal melt, and the material of the metal melt is selected according to the material of the precision casting to be produced. For example, if the precision casting is made of cast steel material, the metal melt melted in the melting furnace 100 is cast steel. Since the long storage time of the metal melt in the ladle will lead to poor fluidity, which is not conducive to pouring, and will also introduce too many oxidation impurities, affecting the quality of the casting, the pouring area is set near the melting furnace 100 in this application, so that the pouring cart 300 can move between the melting furnace 100 and the pouring area, thereby shortening the transfer distance of the metal melt and reducing the storage time of the metal melt in the ladle.

[0055] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, the shell conveyor line 200 is arranged in front of the smelting furnace 100. The shell conveyor line 200 is used to transport the shells, transporting them from the roasting furnace 100 to the pouring area. After pouring by the pouring cart 300, the poured shell castings are then transported to the solidification and cooling mechanism 600 for solidification and cooling. Specifically, the shell conveyor line 200 includes a first guide rail 210 and a second guide rail 220 arranged opposite to each other. The first guide rail 210 is arranged directly in front of the smelting furnace 100. The pouring cart 300 is arranged on the first guide rail 210 and can move along the first guide rail 210 to complete the actions of taking the molten metal from the smelting furnace 100 to the pouring area for pouring. The second guide rail 220 is arranged parallel to the first guide rail 210. Along the line of the second guide rail 220, a roasting furnace 400, a cover box lifting conveyor 500, and a solidification and cooling mechanism 600 are arranged in sequence. Among them, the roasting furnace 400 is used to roast the shell 910, and the furnace mouth of the roasting furnace 400 corresponds to the second guide rail 220. The cover box lifting conveyor 500 is arranged on one side of the roasting furnace 400, and the cover box lifting conveyor 500 can move along the second guide rail 220. After taking out the shell 910 from the roasting furnace 400 (see Figure 8 ), the cover box 370 can be covered on the just-out-of-the-furnace shell 910 through the movement and lifting of the cover box lifting conveyor 500 for heat preservation. The solidification and cooling mechanism 600 is arranged on one side of the cover box lifting conveyor 500. After a row of shells 910 on the tray 900 is poured, it can be solidified and cooled by the solidification and cooling mechanism 600 to obtain investment castings. For the structure of the cover box lifting conveyor 500, refer to the cover box mechanism 340 on the pouring cart 300 in the following text.

[0056] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the shell conveyor line 200 further includes a third guide rail 230 and a fourth guide rail 240. The third guide rail 230 and the fourth guide rail 240 are respectively arranged at both ends of the first guide rail 210 and the second guide rail 220, and the extending directions of the third guide rail 230 and the fourth guide rail 240 are perpendicular to those of the first guide rail 210 and the second guide rail 220. In an example, the third guide rail 230 is arranged at one end close to the roasting furnace 400. The feeding and transferring mechanism 700 is arranged on the third guide rail 230 and can move along the third guide rail 230. The shell 910 roasted by the roasting furnace 400 is transferred from the second guide rail 220 to the third guide rail 230 by the feeding and transferring mechanism 700, and then transferred to the pouring cart 300 on the first guide rail 210. The fourth guide rail 240 is arranged at one end close to the solidification and cooling mechanism 600. The discharging and transferring mechanism 800 is arranged on the fourth guide rail 240. After the poured shell castings are docked with the pouring cart 300 by the discharging and transferring machine 800, they are transferred from the first guide rail 210 to the fourth guide rail 240, and then transferred to the solidification and cooling mechanism 600 through the fourth guide rail 240 for solidification and cooling.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5and Figures 8 to 11 In one embodiment, the pouring vehicle 300 includes a vehicle body, a pouring machine, a ladle, a pallet roller conveyor 330, a pallet conveyor 348, and a capping mechanism 340. The vehicle body can adopt any vehicle structure that can reciprocate along the first guide rail 210. The pallet roller conveyor 330 is arranged on the vehicle body, and the extending direction of the pallet roller conveyor 330 is the same as that of the first guide rail 210. The pallet roller conveyor 330 is used to receive the pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 on the loading and transfer mechanism 700, and the pallet 900 can move along the pallet roller conveyor 330. The pallet conveyor 348 is arranged below the pallet roller conveyor 330 and can tow the pallet 900 to move and position on the pallet roller conveyor 330, so that the mold shells 910 on the pallet 900 are accurately aligned with the ladle nozzle in sequence, and the pouring of the mold shells 910 is completed in sequence. The pallet conveyor 348 can adopt any structure that can realize the movement and positioning of the pallet. In this embodiment, the pallet conveyor 348 is driven by a servo motor to drive a rack and pinion moving mechanism to move back and forth with a telescopic positioning mechanism; the telescopic positioning mechanism extends and inserts into the pallet positioning hole to position with the bottom of the pallet; the servo motor drives the rack and pinion moving mechanism to drive the telescopic positioning mechanism and the pallet to move and position on the pallet roller conveyor, so that the mold shells on the pallet are accurately aligned with the ladle nozzle in sequence, and the pouring of the mold shells is completed in sequence. The capping mechanism 340 is arranged above the pallet roller conveyor 330, and the capping mechanism 340 can control the capping 370 to rise or fall, so as to disengage from covering the mold shell 910 on the pallet 900. Before pouring, the capping mechanism 340 disengages the capping 370 from the mold shell 910 to facilitate the pouring of the mold shell 910; after pouring, the capping mechanism 340 controls the capping 370 to descend to cover the cast mold shell 910 after pouring, so that it solidifies in an anoxic state. In this embodiment, the capping mechanism 340 includes a frame 341, a moving mechanism 342, a lifting mechanism 343, a lifting appliance 344, and a bracket 345. The frame 341 is fixedly arranged on both sides of the pallet roller conveyor 330. The moving mechanism 342 is arranged on the top of the frame 341 and can move back and forth along the frame 341. Exemplarily, the moving mechanism 342 includes a vehicle frame and rollers located at the bottom of the vehicle frame, and the rollers drive the vehicle frame to move along the frame 341. Further, a track (not shown in the figure) consistent with the extending direction of the pallet roller conveyor 330 is arranged on the frame 341, and the rollers of the moving mechanism 342 move along the track. The lifting mechanism 343 is fixed on the vehicle frame of the moving mechanism 342 and moves synchronously with the moving mechanism 342. The lifting mechanism 343 can adopt any mechanism that can meet the lifting requirement, such as a crane. The lifting appliance 344 is fixed at the bottom of the lifting mechanism 343 and is used to connect the capping 370, so that the capping 370 can complete the disengagement and covering of the mold shell 910 as the lifting mechanism 343 rises and falls. The bracket 345 is arranged on the frame 341 and is used to place the capping 370 disengaged from the mold shell 910.

[0058] The pouring machine and the ladle cooperate to receive the molten metal in the melting furnace 100 and pour the mold shell 910. There are three modes for the pouring machine and the ladle on the pouring vehicle 300 in this application:

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 8 For the double machine and double ladle mode: that is, two pouring machines and two ladles, which are respectively denoted as the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320, the first ladle 311 and the second ladle 321. The first ladle 311 and the second ladle 321 are correspondingly installed on the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320. Specifically, roller tracks 347 are provided on both the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320, and the first ladle 311 and the second ladle 321 are correspondingly arranged on the roller tracks 347 of the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320. During the pouring process of the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311, the second pouring machine 320 and the second ladle 321 are driven by the pouring vehicle 300 to move in front of the melting furnace 100. The second pouring machine 320 lifts the second ladle 321 directly below the nozzle of the melting furnace 100 to receive the molten metal. After the second ladle 321 is filled with the molten metal, the second pouring machine 320 lowers the second ladle 321 above the tray 900. After the molten metal in the first ladle 311 is poured out, the second ladle 321 starts to pour the mold shell 910. At the same time, the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311 are driven by the pouring vehicle 300 to move in front of the melting furnace 100 to take the molten metal. This cycle continues until all the mold shells 910 on the trays 900 are poured. In the double machine and double ladle mode, two sets of moving and positioning mechanisms are required to complete the tray moving and positioning work in a relay form.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9Single machine double ladle mode: That is, one pouring machine and two ladles. The pouring machine in this mode is denoted as the first pouring machine 310, and the two ladles are respectively denoted as the first ladle 311 and the second ladle 321. The pouring car 300 in this mode further includes a ladle changing transfer car 346. The ladle changing transfer car 346 is arranged behind the first pouring machine 310. During the pouring process between the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311, the second ladle 321 can be horizontally transported by the ladle changing transfer car 346, and is quickly transported to the lower part of the nozzle in front of the melting furnace 100 over a short distance. After receiving the molten metal, it returns behind the first pouring machine 310. After the first ladle 311 finishes pouring, the first pouring machine 310 rises to make the roller path 347 below the first ladle 311 level with the ladle changing transfer car 346, and the second ladle 321 is swapped with the first ladle 311 that has completed pouring. The second ladle 321 enters the first pouring machine 310 for pouring. At the same time, the ladle changing transfer car 346 transports the poured first ladle 311 to the lower part of the nozzle in front of the melting furnace to receive the molten metal. This cycle continues until the mold shells 910 on the tray 900 are all poured.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8 for the single machine single ladle mode: That is, one pouring machine and one ladle, denoted as the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311. In this mode, the first pouring machine 310 is installed on the roller path of the first pouring machine 310, and the first pouring machine 310 drives the first ladle 311 to move to the nozzle in front of the melting furnace 100 to receive the molten metal, and then returns to the pouring position for pouring. In the single machine single ladle and single machine double ladle modes, a set of moving and positioning mechanisms can be used to complete the moving and positioning work of the tray. Since there is only one set of pouring machine and ladle in this mode and they cannot be used alternately, the production efficiency is relatively low.

[0062] In summary, the double machine double ladle, single machine double ladle and single machine single ladle modes respectively correspond to high, medium and low productivity modes. Users can choose according to production needs, and they have the characteristics of high pouring production efficiency, wide market coverage and fast promotion and application in the industry.

[0063] Furthermore, the ladles selected in the above three modes are all small ladles, which can hold 150 - 300 kg of molten metal at a time. Compared with the large ladles for pouring on the market, they have the advantages of short storage time of molten metal in the ladle, less overheating and oxidation inclusions of molten metal, high quality of castings and pouring quantitative accuracy, and less metal loss.

[0064] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, in one embodiment, the solidification cooling mechanism 600 includes a casting blanking machine 610, a roller conveyor 620 and a pallet transfer vehicle 630. Among them, the roller conveyor 620 is arranged at the end of the second guide rail 220 and extends perpendicular to the second guide rail 220 and in a direction away from the first guide rail 210. The pallet transfer vehicle 630 is arranged on the second guide rail 220 and moves back and forth along the second guide rail 220. The casting blanking machine 610 is arranged on one side of the second guide rail 220 close to the cover box lifting conveyor 500, and a casting frame 611 for the cooling process is provided on the casting blanking machine 610. After the row of mold shells 910 on the pallet 900 are poured, they are moved forward with the pallet 900 to the blanking and transfer mechanism 800, and then the blanking and transfer mechanism 800 moves the pallet 900 to the roller conveyor 620 for solidification cooling. When the solidification temperature of the outer surface layer of the casting reaches the set temperature, for example, below the solidus line by 50 °C or more, the pallet 900 carrying the casting is moved below the cover box lifting conveyor 500 by the pallet transfer vehicle 630, the cover box 370 is opened, and then the casting is moved below the casting blanking machine 610, and the casting is carried to the casting frame 611 for the open cooling process for cooling. The emptied pallet 900 continues to move forward to the pallet recycling station and is conveyed by the pallet transfer vehicle 630 to the inlet end of the roasting furnace 400. The cover box 370 is lifted by the cover box lifting conveyor 500 and conveyed to the outlet of the roasting furnace 400, waits for the next pallet 900 to carry the hot mold shell out of the furnace, then descends to cover the hot mold shell, and enters the next cycle.

[0065] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, in one embodiment, the loading and transferring mechanism 700 includes: a loading transfer vehicle 710, a loading ferry vehicle 720, a short-side roller path, a long-side lifting roller path 730, and a transition roller path 740. Among them, the loading ferry vehicle 720 is arranged on the third guide rail 230 and moves along the third guide rail 230. The loading transfer vehicle 710 is arranged on the loading ferry vehicle 720 and moves along the third guide rail 230 with the loading ferry vehicle 720. The short-side roller path is arranged at the bottom of the outlet of the roasting furnace 400 for receiving the tray 900 carrying the roasted mold shell 910. The tray 900 moves along the direction perpendicular to the second guide rail 220 on the short-side roller path. The long-side lifting roller path 730 is arranged on the second guide rail 220 and intersects with the short-side roller path, that is, the long-side lifting roller path 730 moves along the direction parallel to the second guide rail 220. The long-side lifting roller path 730 can lift the tray 900 on the short-side roller path and move it onto the long-side lifting roller path 730. The transition roller path 740 is connected to the long-side lifting roller path 730, and the long-side lifting roller path 730 then transfers the tray 900 to the transition roller path 740. At the same time, the loading ferry vehicle 720 moves the loading transfer vehicle 710 to the end of the second guide rail 220 to dock with the transition roller path 740. The tray 900 is transferred onto the loading transfer vehicle 710 and ferried by the loading transfer vehicle 710 to the end of the first guide rail 210. The pouring vehicle 300 moves to this place, and the loading transfer vehicle 710 docks with the tray roller path 330 on the pouring vehicle 300, so as to convey the tray 900 carrying the hot mold shell 910 onto the pouring vehicle 300, realizing the conveying and transfer of the mold shell tray 900.

[0066] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , in one embodiment, the unloading and transferring mechanism 800 includes: an unloading transfer vehicle 810, an unloading ferry vehicle 820, and a short-side lifting roller path 830. Among them, the unloading ferry vehicle 820 is arranged on the fourth guide rail 240. The unloading transfer vehicle 810 is arranged on the unloading ferry vehicle 820 and moves along the fourth guide rail 240 with the unloading ferry vehicle 820. The short-side lifting roller path 830 is arranged at one end of the fourth guide rail 240 close to the solidification and cooling mechanism 600. After the row of mold shells 910 on the tray 900 is poured, it moves forward with the tray 900 onto the unloading transfer vehicle 810. The unloading ferry vehicle 820 ferries the tray 900 and the unloading transfer vehicle 810 above the short-side lifting roller path 830. Through the rising of the short-side lifting roller path 830, the tray 900 carrying the casting is placed on the short-side lifting roller path 830, facilitating the movement of the tray 900 along the fourth guide rail 240. Finally, the tray 900 moves with the casting onto the roller conveyor 620 for solidification and cooling.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 16 and Figure 17, in one embodiment, when it is necessary to replace the casting material, the tray 900 carrying the mold shell is removed, and the tray carrying the residual melt tank 110 is transported to the nozzle of the pouring machine of the pouring vehicle 300. The pouring machine pours the residual molten metal in the ladle into the residual melt tank 110. The tray carries the residual melt tank 110 to a designated external position through the loading transfer mechanism 700 or the unloading transfer mechanism 800 for regular treatment.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 18 and Figure 19 , in one embodiment, a smoke hood 101 and a smoke exhaust pipe 102 are provided in front of the melting furnace 100. The smoke hood 101 is used to collect the soot generated during the melting process of the melting furnace 100. The smoke exhaust pipe 102 is communicated with the smoke hood 101. The soot collected by the smoke hood 101 can be discharged into a designated area through the smoke exhaust pipe 102. The settings of the smoke hood 101 and the smoke exhaust pipe 102 may interfere with the movement of the pouring vehicle 300 along the first guide rail 210. In this embodiment, a folding motorized roller path 348 is provided on the side of the pouring vehicle 300 facing the melting furnace 100. The folding motorized roller path 348 is driven by a hydraulic motor or a reduction motor to drive a linkage mechanism to complete its raising and lowering. When the folding motorized roller path 348 is raised, the ladle can move along the folding motorized roller path 348 to the front of the melting furnace 100 to receive the molten metal. After receiving the molten metal, the ladle returns to the pouring machine or the ladle transfer vehicle; when the folding motorized roller path 348 falls in the vertical direction, the pouring vehicle 300 can move between the melting furnaces 100 along the first guide rail 210 to avoid interference between the pouring vehicle 300 and the smoke hood 101 and the smoke exhaust pipe 102 in front of the melting furnace 100.

[0069] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , in one embodiment, a ladle baking machine 350 and a ladle baking roller path 360 are further provided along the first guide rail 210. The ladle baking roller path 360 extends in a direction away from the second guide rail 220 along a direction perpendicular to the first guide rail 210. The ladle baking machine 350 is arranged at one end of the ladle baking roller path 360 away from the first guide rail 210. When it is necessary to replace the ladle. The pouring vehicle 300 moves along the first guide rail 210 to the ladle baking roller path 360 and aligns with the ladle baking roller path 360. The ladle enters and exits the ladle baking machine 350 through the ladle baking roller path 360 to complete ladle replacement or ladle baking.

[0070] It should be noted that: the structures not described in detail above in this application can all be realized by conventional technical means in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0071] Please refer to Figures 1 to 20 , the second aspect of the present invention provides a pouring method for investment casting, and this pouring method is realized by using the pouring production line described above in the present invention.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 20 , the above-mentioned pouring method includes the following steps:

[0073] S1. The baked mold shells are arranged in rows on the trays, and a cover box is placed over each mold shell for heat preservation.

[0074] S2. The trays carrying the mold shells are transported to the pouring area of the first guide rail by the loading and transfer mechanism and docked onto the pouring vehicle.

[0075] S3. The pouring vehicle pours the mold shells on the trays one by one.

[0076] S4. After pouring, the trays carry the cast mold shells and move forward from the pouring vehicle to the unloading and transfer mechanism, and are transported by the unloading and transfer mechanism to the solidification and cooling area for solidification and cooling.

[0077] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , specifically, in step S1, first, the mold shells 910 with the sprue cups facing upward are arranged in rows on the trays 900. After baking, the mold shells 910 and the trays 900 are taken out of the roasting furnace 400 through the short-side roller path at the outlet and moved above the long-side lifting roller path 730. At this time, the cover box lifting conveyor 500 moves above the tray 900 and covers each just-out-of-the-furnace mold shell 910 with a cover box for heat preservation.

[0078] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , for step S2, by raising the long-side lifting roller path 730, the trays 900 carrying the mold shells 910 are placed on the long-side lifting roller path 730 to facilitate the movement of the trays 900 along the direction of the second guide rail 220. At the same time, the loading ferry vehicle 720 drives the loading transfer vehicle 710 to move to the end of the second guide rail 220. The loading transfer vehicle 710 is docked with the transition roller path 740. The trays 900 carrying the mold shells 910 are transferred from the long-side lifting roller path 730 through the transition roller path 740 to the loading transfer vehicle 710, completing the transfer of the trays 900 and the mold shells 910. Then, the loading ferry vehicle 720 drives the loading transfer vehicle 710 to ferry to the end of the first guide rail 210. The loading transfer vehicle 710 moves along the long side of the tray 900 and is docked with the tray roller path 330 of the pouring vehicle 300. The trays 900 carrying the mold shells 910 are transported onto the pouring vehicle 300, realizing the transportation and transfer of the mold shell trays from the loading transfer vehicle 710 to the pouring vehicle 300.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8, in step S3, the pouring process of the pouring vehicle 300 varies slightly according to the setting modes of the pouring machine and the ladle. In the double-machine double-ladle mode: the two pouring machines pour alternately. The first ladle 311 is lowered under the drive of the first pouring machine 310 to align with the pouring cup of the first mold shell 910 in the row of mold shells 910, and the first ladle 311 is tilted to pour the molten metal in its inner cavity into the mold cavity. During the pouring process of the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311, the second pouring machine 320 and the second ladle 321 are driven by the pouring vehicle 300 to move in front of the melting furnace 100, and the second pouring machine 320 lifts the second ladle 321 directly below the nozzle of the melting furnace 100 to receive the molten metal; after the second ladle 321 is filled with molten metal, it descends above the tray 900. After the molten metal in the first ladle 311 is poured out, the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320 alternately perform the operations of taking materials and pouring respectively.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9 , in the single-machine double-ladle mode: the two ladles pour alternately. The first ladle 311 is aligned with the pouring cup of the first mold shell of the row of mold shells 910 under the drive of the first pouring machine 310, and the first ladle 311 is tilted to pour the molten metal in its inner cavity into the cavity of the mold shell 910. During the pouring process of the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311, the second ladle 321 is horizontally transported by the ladle-changing transfer vehicle 346, and is quickly transported over a short distance to the lower part of the nozzle in front of the melting furnace 100. After receiving the molten metal, it returns behind the first pouring machine 310; after the first ladle 311 finishes pouring, the first pouring machine 310 rises to make the roller path 347 below the first ladle 311 flush with the ladle-changing transfer vehicle 346, and exchanges positions with the first ladle 311 that has completed pouring. The second ladle 321 enters the first pouring machine 310 for pouring, and the first ladle 311 enters the ladle-changing transfer vehicle 346 to take the molten metal.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8 , in the single-machine single-ladle mode: that is, one pouring machine and one ladle. The two cooperate to pour out the molten metal in the ladle, and then go to the melting furnace together to take the molten metal. Compared with the previous two modes, the production efficiency is relatively low.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 10 to 15, in the above three modes, the cover box mechanism 340 will cooperate with the pouring process to complete the processes of opening the cover, pouring, and covering the box. The specific process is as follows: The cover box mechanism 340 is placed above the mold shell 910. The cover box mechanism 340 rises to drive the cover box 370 away from the mold shell 910 to facilitate pouring; the cover box mechanism 340 then descends with the cover box 370 to cover the castings in the mold shell after pouring, realizing solidification under an oxygen-deficient state. The cover box mechanism 340 places the cover box 370 of the first mold shell 910 on the tray 900 on the bracket 345 of the frame 341, and then uses the cover box 370 of the next mold shell 910 to complete the solidification of the cover box of the cast mold shell that has been poured previously, and so on to complete the opening of the cover, pouring, and covering of the entire row of mold shells; each ladle of molten metal can complete the pouring work of the row of mold shells on one tray 900. It should be noted that: in the single machine and single ladle or single machine and double ladle modes, after the pouring of the last mold shell 910 on each tray is completed, the cover box mechanism 340 removes the cover box 370 placed at the bracket 345 and covers it on the last mold shell 910 of this tray 900. In the double machine and double ladle mode, after the pouring of the last mold shell 910 in a shift is completed, the cover box mechanism 340 removes the cover box 370 placed at the bracket 345 and covers it on the last mold shell 910.

[0083] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , in step S4, after the row of mold shells 910 on the tray 900 is poured, the cast mold shell moves forward with the tray 900 to the blanking transfer vehicle 810, and the blanking ferry vehicle 820 ferries the casting tray 900 and the blanking transfer vehicle 810 to above the short-side lifting roller path 830. Through the rising of the short-side lifting roller path 830, the casting tray 900 is placed on the short-side lifting roller path 830 to facilitate the movement of the tray 900 along the short-side direction. Finally, the tray 900 moves with the casting to the roller conveyor 620 for solidification and cooling;

[0084] When the solidification temperature of the outer surface layer of the casting under the cover box state reaches the preset temperature, for example, below the solidus line by 50 °C or more (about 10 minutes after pouring), the tray 900 can be moved below the cover box lifting conveyor 500 through the tray transfer vehicle 630, the cover box 370 is opened, and then the tray 900 is moved below the casting blanking machine 610. The mold shell 910 is transported to the casting frame 611 for open cooling process for cooling. The emptied tray 900 continues to move forward to the tray recycling station and is transported to the inlet end of the roasting furnace 400 by the tray transfer vehicle 630. The cover box 370 is lifted by the cover box lifting conveyor 500 and transported to the outlet of the roasting furnace 400, waiting for the next tray 900 to carry the hot mold shell 910 out of the furnace, and then descending to cover the hot mold shell 910 to enter the next cycle.

[0085] The pouring methods in the three modes of double machine and double ladle, single machine and double ladle, and single machine and single ladle will be described in detail below through several specific embodiments.

[0086] Embodiment 1

[0087] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 8 、 Figures 12 to 14 and Figure 17 , the pouring method of precision castings in the double-machine and double-ladle mode includes the following steps:

[0088] 1. First, place the mold shells 910 with the sprue cups facing upwards in rows on the tray 900. After roasting, the mold shells 910 and the tray 900 are taken out of the roasting furnace 400 through the short-side roller path at the outlet and moved above the long-side lifting roller path 730. At this time, the cover box lifting conveyor 500 moves above the tray 900 and covers each of the just-out-of-the-furnace mold shells 910 with the cover box 370 for heat preservation;

[0089] 2. By raising the long-side lifting roller path 730, place the tray 900 carrying the mold shells 910 on the long-side lifting roller path 730 to facilitate the movement of the tray 900 along the direction of the second guide rail 220. Meanwhile, the feeding ferry car 720 moves the feeding transfer car 710 to the end of the second guide rail 220. The feeding transfer car 710 is docked with the transfer roller path 740. The tray 900 carrying the mold shells 910 is transferred from the long-side lifting roller path 730 through the transfer roller path 740 to the feeding transfer car 710, completing the transfer of the tray 900 and the mold shells 910;

[0090] 3. The feeding ferry car 720 ferries the feeding transfer car 710 to the end of the first guide rail 210. The feeding transfer car 710 moves along the long side of the tray 900 and is docked with the tray roller path 330 of the pouring car 300. The tray 900 carrying the mold shells 910 is conveyed onto the pouring car 300, realizing the conveying and transfer of the mold shell tray from the feeding transfer car 710 to the pouring car 300;

[0091] 4. The pouring car 300 is set with a "double-machine and double-ladle" (two pouring machines + two ladles, ladle capacity 100 - 200 kg / ladle) pouring mode to realize the alternate pouring of the two pouring machines. The ladle is driven by the pouring machine to descend and align with the sprue cup of the first mold shell 910 in the row of mold shell trays 900. The ladle is tilted to pour the molten metal in its inner cavity into the mold cavity. The tray conveyor 348 pulls the tray to move and position on the tray roller path 330, so that the mold shells 910 on the tray 900 are accurately aligned with the ladle nozzles in sequence, completing the sequential pouring of the mold shells;

[0092] 5. The cover box mechanism 340 is placed above the mold shell 910. When the cover box mechanism 340 rises, it drives the cover box 370 away from the mold shell 910, facilitating pouring. Then, the cover box mechanism 340 descends with the cover box 370 to cover the castings in the mold shell after pouring, achieving solidification under an oxygen-deficient state. The cover box mechanism 340 places the cover box 370 of the first mold shell 910 in a shift on the bracket 345 of the frame 341, and then uses the cover box 370 of the next mold shell 910 to complete the solidification of the cover box of the previously poured mold shell. And so on, to complete the opening, pouring, and covering of the entire row of mold shells. Two pouring machines pour and receive molten metal alternately. Each ladle of molten metal can complete the pouring work of the row of mold shells on one pallet 900. After the last mold shell in a shift is poured, the cover box mechanism 340 removes the cover box 370 placed on the bracket 345 of the frame 341 and covers it on the last mold shell 910.

[0093] 6. During the pouring process of the first pouring machine 310 and the first ladle 311, the second pouring machine 320 and the second ladle 321 are driven by the pouring cart 300 to move in front of the melting furnace 100. The second pouring machine 320 lifts the second ladle 321 directly below the nozzle of the melting furnace 100 to receive molten metal. After the second ladle 321 is filled with molten metal, it descends above the pallet 900. After the molten metal in the first ladle 311 is poured, the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320 alternately perform the operations of taking materials and pouring respectively.

[0094] 7. After the row of mold shells 910 on the pallet 900 are poured, the cast mold shells move forward with the pallet 900 onto the blanking transfer vehicle 810. The blanking ferry vehicle 820 ferries the casting pallet 900 and the blanking transfer vehicle 810 above the short-side lifting roller table 830. By the rising of the short-side lifting roller table 830, the casting pallet 900 is placed on the short-side lifting roller table 830, facilitating the movement of the pallet 900 along the short-side direction. Finally, the pallet 900 moves with the casting to the roller conveyor 620 for solidification and cooling.

[0095] 8. When the surface temperature of the casting under the cover box state solidifies below the solidus line by 50 °C or more (about 10 minutes after pouring), the pallet 900 can be moved below the cover box lifting conveyor 500 through the pallet transfer vehicle 630. The cover box 370 is opened, and then the pallet 900 is moved below the casting blanking machine 610. The mold shell 910 is transported to the casting frame 611 for the open cooling process for cooling. The emptied pallet 900 continues to move forward to the pallet recycling station and is transported by the pallet transfer vehicle 630 to the inlet end of the roasting furnace 400. The cover box 370 is lifted by the cover box lifting conveyor 500 and transported to the outlet of the roasting furnace 400, waiting for the next pallet 900 to carry the hot mold shell 910 out of the furnace, and then descending to cover the hot mold shell 910 to enter the next cycle.

[0096] 9. During the process of moving the mold shell 910 on the first pallet 900 before pouring is completed, the next pallet 900 and the mold shell 910 thereon are moved under the second pouring machine 320 for pouring. And so on, the first pouring machine 310 and the second pouring machine 320 alternately pour and receive the molten metal.

[0097] 10. When changing the material of the precision casting, the pallet 900 carrying the casting or the mold shell is removed, and another pallet carrying the residual melt tank 110 is transported to the lower part of the pouring nozzle of the pouring machine of the pouring vehicle 300. The pouring machine pours the residual melt in the ladle into the residual melt tank 110. The pallet carrying the residual melt tank 110 is then moved to a designated external position through the loading transfer mechanism 700 or the unloading transfer mechanism 800 for regular disposal. When the ladle needs to be replaced, the pouring vehicle moves to the end and aligns with the ladle baking roller path 360. The ladle enters and exits the ladle baking machine 350 through the ladle baking roller path 360 to complete ladle replacement or ladle baking.

[0098] Embodiment 2

[0099] Please refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the pouring method of precision castings in the single machine and double ladle mode includes the following steps:

[0100] 1. First, place the mold shells 910 with the sprue cups facing up in rows on the pallet 900. After roasting, the mold shells 910 and the pallet 900 are taken out of the roasting furnace 400 through the short-side roller path at the outlet and moved above the long-side lifting roller path 730. At this time, the cover box lifting conveyor 500 moves above the pallet 900 and covers each cover box on the just-out-of-the-furnace mold shell 910 for heat preservation;

[0101] 2. By raising the long-side lifting roller path 730, place the pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 on the long-side lifting roller path 730 so that the pallet 900 can move along the direction of the second guide rail 220. At the same time, the loading ferry car 720 drives the loading transfer vehicle 710 to move to the end of the second guide rail 220. The loading transfer vehicle 710 is docked with the transition roller path 740. The pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 is transferred from the long-side lifting roller path 730 through the transition roller path 740 to the loading transfer vehicle 710 to complete the transfer of the pallet 900 and the mold shell 910;

[0102] 3. The loading ferry car 720 drives the loading transfer vehicle 710 to ferry to the end of the first guide rail 210. The loading transfer vehicle 710 moves along the long side of the pallet 900 and is docked with the pallet roller path 330 of the pouring vehicle 300. The pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 is transported onto the pouring vehicle 300 to realize the transportation and transfer of the mold shell pallet from the loading transfer vehicle 710 to the pouring vehicle 300;

[0103] 4. The casting truck 300 is set with a "single machine double ladle" (one casting machine + two ladles, with the ladle capacity of 100 - 200 kg / ladle) casting mode to realize the alternate casting of the two ladles. The ladle is driven by the casting machine to descend and align with the pouring cup of the first mold shell 910 of the row of mold shell trays 900. The ladle is tilted to pour the molten metal in its inner cavity into the cavity of the mold shell. The tray conveyor 348 pulls the tray 900 to move and position on the tray roller path 330, so that the mold shells 910 on the tray 900 are accurately aligned with the ladle nozzles in turn, completing the sequential casting of the mold shells;

[0104] 5. The capping mechanism 340 is placed above the mold shell 910. The capping mechanism 340 rises to drive the capping 370 away from the mold shell 910 for easy casting; the capping mechanism 340 then descends with the capping 370 to cover the cast mold shell casting, realizing solidification under anoxic conditions. The capping mechanism 340 places the capping 370 of the first mold shell 910 of a shift on the bracket 345 of the frame 341, and then uses the capping 370 of the next mold shell 910 to complete the solidification of the capping of the previously cast mold shell, and so on to complete the opening, casting and capping of the entire row of mold shells. Each ladle of molten metal can complete the casting work of the row of mold shells 910 on one tray 900; after the last mold shell 910 of a shift is cast, the capping mechanism 340 removes the capping 370 placed at the bracket 345 of the frame 341 and covers it on the last mold shell 910.

[0105] 6. During the casting process of the first casting machine 310 and the first ladle 311, the second ladle 321 is horizontally transported by the ladle changing transfer vehicle 346, quickly transported over a short distance to the lower part of the furnace nozzle in front of the melting furnace 100 to receive the molten metal and then return behind the first casting machine 310; after the first ladle 311 is cast, the first casting machine 310 rises to make the roller path 347 under the first ladle 311 level with the ladle changing transfer vehicle 346, and swap with the first ladle 311 that has completed casting. The second ladle 321 enters the first casting machine 310 for casting, and the first ladle 311 enters the ladle changing transfer vehicle 346 to fetch the molten metal.

[0106] 7. After the row of mold shells 910 on the tray 900 is cast, the cast mold shell moves forward with the tray 900 to the blanking transfer vehicle 810. The blanking ferry vehicle 820 ferries the casting tray 900 and the blanking transfer vehicle 810 to above the short side lifting roller path 830. Through the rising of the short side lifting roller path 830, the casting tray 900 is placed on the short side lifting roller path 830 to facilitate the movement of the tray 900 along the short side direction. Finally, the tray 900 moves with the casting to the roller conveyor 620 for solidification and cooling;

[0107] 8. When the solidification temperature of the outer surface layer of the casting cover box is below the solidus line by 50°C or more (about 10 minutes after pouring), the pallet 900 can be moved under the cover box lifting conveyor 500 by the pallet transfer vehicle 630. Open the cover box 370, and then move the pallet 900 under the casting blanking machine 610. The mold shell 910 is transported to the casting frame 611 in the open cooling process for cooling. The emptied pallet 900 continues to move forward to the pallet recycling station and is transported by the pallet transfer vehicle 630 to the inlet end of the roasting furnace 400. The cover box 370 is lifted by the cover box lifting conveyor 500 and transported to the outlet of the roasting furnace 400, waiting for the next pallet 900 to carry the hot mold shell 910 out of the furnace, and then descending to cover the hot mold shell 910 to enter the next cycle.

[0108] 9. When changing the material of the precision casting, the pallet 900 carrying the casting or mold shell is removed, and another pallet carrying the residual melt tank 110 is transported under the pouring nozzle of the pouring machine of the pouring vehicle. The pouring machine pours the residual melt in the ladle into the residual melt tank 110. The pallet carrying the residual melt tank 110 is then moved to a designated external position through the loading transfer mechanism 700 or the unloading transfer mechanism 800 for regular disposal. When it is necessary to change the ladle, the pouring vehicle moves to the end and aligns with the ladle baking roller path 360. The ladle enters and exits the ladle baking machine 350 through the ladle baking roller path 360 to complete the ladle change or ladle baking.

[0109] Example 3

[0110] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 8 and Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the single machine and single ladle mode, the pouring method of precision castings includes the following steps:

[0111] 1. First, place the mold shells 910 with the sprue cups facing up in rows on the pallet 900. After roasting, the mold shells 910 and the pallet 900 are taken out of the roasting furnace 400 through the short-side roller path at the outlet and moved above the long-side lifting roller path 730. At this time, the cover box lifting conveyor 500 moves above the pallet 900 and covers the just-out-of-the-furnace mold shells 910 one by one for heat preservation;

[0112] 2. By raising the long-side lifting roller path 730, place the pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 on the long-side lifting roller path 730 to facilitate the movement of the pallet 900 along the direction of the second guide rail 220. At the same time, the loading ferry vehicle 720 drives the loading transfer vehicle 710 to move to the end of the second guide rail 220. The loading transfer vehicle 710 is docked with the transition roller path 740. The pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 is transferred from the long-side lifting roller path 730 through the transition roller path 740 to the loading transfer vehicle 710 to complete the transfer of the pallet 900 and the mold shell 910;

[0113] 3. The feeding transfer cart 720 ferries the feeding transfer vehicle 710 to the end of the first guide rail 210. The feeding transfer vehicle 710 moves along the long side direction of the pallet 900 and docks with the pallet roller path 330 of the casting vehicle 300. The pallet 900 carrying the mold shell 910 is conveyed onto the casting vehicle 300, realizing the conveying and transfer of the mold shell pallet from the feeding transfer vehicle 710 to the casting vehicle 300;

[0114] 4. A "single machine and single ladle" (one casting machine + one ladle, ladle capacity 100 - 200 kg / ladle) casting mode is set on the casting vehicle. The first ladle 311 is driven down by the first casting machine 310, aligned with the pouring cup of the first mold shell 910 in the row of mold shell pallets 900. The first ladle 311 tilts to pour the molten metal in its inner cavity into the cavity of the mold shell 910. The pallet conveyor 348 pulls the pallet to move and position on the pallet roller path 330, so that the mold shells on the pallet are accurately aligned with the ladle nozzle in turn, completing the sequential casting of the mold shells;

[0115] 5. The capping mechanism 340 is placed above the mold shell 910. The capping mechanism 340 rises to drive the capping 370 away from the mold shell 910 for easy casting; the capping mechanism 340 then descends with the capping 370 to cover the cast mold shell casting, realizing solidification under anoxic conditions. The capping mechanism 340 places the capping 370 of the first mold shell 910 in a shift on the bracket 345 of the frame 341, and then uses the capping 370 of the next mold shell 910 to complete the capping and solidification of the previously cast mold shell. And so on to complete the opening, casting and capping of the entire row of mold shells. Each ladle of molten metal can complete the casting work of the row of mold shells 910 on one pallet 900; when the last mold shell 910 in a shift is cast, the capping mechanism 340 removes the capping 370 placed at the bracket 345 of the frame 341 and covers it on the last mold shell 910.

[0116] 6. After the row of mold shells 910 on the pallet 900 is cast, the cast mold shell 910 moves forward with the pallet 900 onto the blanking transfer vehicle 810. The blanking transfer cart 820 ferries the casting pallet 900 and the blanking transfer vehicle 810 above the short side lifting roller path 830. Through the rising of the short side lifting roller path 830, the casting pallet 900 is placed on the short side lifting roller path 830, facilitating the movement of the pallet 900 along the short side direction. Finally, the pallet 900 moves with the casting to the roller conveyor 620 for solidification and cooling;

[0117] 7. When the solidification temperature of the outer surface layer of the casting cover box is below the solidus line by 50 °C or more (about 10 minutes after pouring), the pallet 900 can be moved under the cover box lifting conveyor 500 by the pallet transfer vehicle 630. Open the cover box 370, and then move the pallet 900 under the casting blanking machine 610. The mold shell 910 is transported to the casting frame 611 for open cooling process for cooling. The emptied pallet 900 continues to move forward to the pallet recycling station and is transported to the inlet end of the roasting furnace 400 by the pallet transfer vehicle 630. The cover box 370 is lifted by the cover box lifting conveyor 500 and transported to the outlet of the roasting furnace 400, waiting for the next pallet 900 to carry the hot mold shell 910 out of the furnace, and then descending to cover the hot mold shell 910 to enter the next cycle.

[0118] 8. During the process of the mold shell 910 on the above-mentioned pallet 900 moving forward to the blanking transfer vehicle 810 after pouring, the next pallet 900 and the mold shell 910 thereon are moved to the pouring station for pouring.

[0119] 9. When changing the material of the precision casting, the pallet 900 carrying the casting or the mold shell is removed, and another pallet carrying the residual melt tank 110 is transported under the nozzle of the pouring machine of the pouring vehicle. The pouring machine pours the residual melt in the ladle into the residual melt tank 110. The pallet carrying the residual melt tank 110 is then moved to the external designated position through the loading transfer mechanism 700 or the blanking transfer mechanism 800 for regular disposal. When it is necessary to change the ladle, the pouring vehicle 300 moves to the end of the first guide rail 210 and aligns with the ladle baking roller table 360. The ladle enters and exits the ladle baking machine 350 through the ladle baking roller table 360 to complete ladle change or ladle baking.

[0120] This application calculates the production efficiency and output of the three modes in Embodiments 1-3. The calculation results are shown in the following table.

[0121] Table 1: Calculation Results of Production Efficiency and Output of Three Production Modes

[0122]

[0123] It should be noted that in the above table, the lower limit of the pouring speed is the calculation result of the small mold shell, and the upper limit is the calculation result of the large mold shell; the lower limit of the pouring output is the calculation result of the large mold shell, and the upper limit is the calculation result of the small mold shell; the calculation results consider influencing factors such as the annual working base and the start-up rate.

[0124] The investment casting pouring production line provided by the present invention concentrates the pouring and solidification processes on one production line. On the premise of ensuring the consistency of the pouring process and the high quality of the castings after solidification, it can achieve high automation and improve production efficiency. In addition, the production line of the present invention can realize the integrated and automated operation of pre-pouring cover box heat preservation of the hot shell mold, box removal during pouring, and post-pouring cover box solidification; the pre-pouring cover box heat preservation has a significant energy-saving and consumption-reducing effect; the post-pouring cover box solidification can effectively prevent the surface layer structure of the casting from being oxidized due to contact with air, improving the quality of the precision castings. The small ladle pouring in front of the melting furnace of the present invention has the advantages of short storage time of the molten metal in the ladle, less overheating and oxidation inclusions of the molten metal, high quality of the casting and pouring quantitative accuracy, and less metal loss. The present invention has different productivity modes of high, medium and low for selection, and has the characteristics of high pouring production efficiency, wide market coverage range, and fast promotion and application in the industry. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes some practical problems in the prior art and thus has high utilization value and practical significance.

[0125] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes completed by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pouring production line for investment casting, characterized in that, Including: Melting furnace; Mold shell conveyor line, arranged in front of the melting furnace, the mold shell conveyor line includes a first guide rail and a second guide rail arranged oppositely, and a third guide rail and a fourth guide rail perpendicular to the extending direction of the first guide rail and located at both ends of the first guide rail and the second guide rail; Pouring car, arranged on the first guide rail and movable along the first guide rail; Roasting furnace, arranged on the second guide rail for roasting mold shells; Cover box lifting conveyor, arranged on the second guide rail on one side of the roasting furnace for heat preservation of the roasted mold shell cover box; Solidification and cooling mechanism, arranged on one side of the cover box lifting conveyor for solidifying and cooling the castings after pouring; Loading and transfer mechanism, arranged on the third guide rail and transferring the pallet carrying the mold shell from the second guide rail to the pouring car on the first guide rail for pouring; Unloading and transfer mechanism, arranged on the fourth guide rail and transferring the pallet carrying the casting mold shell from the pouring car to the solidification and cooling mechanism for solidification and cooling.

2. The pouring production line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pouring car includes a vehicle body, a pallet roller path, a pallet conveyor, a pouring machine, a ladle and a cover box mechanism. The pallet roller path is arranged on the vehicle body. The pallet conveyor is arranged below the pallet roller path for driving the pallet to move along the pallet roller path. The pouring machine is arranged on one side of the pallet roller path. The ladle is arranged on the roller path of the pouring machine. The cover box mechanism is arranged above the pallet roller path.

3. The pouring production line according to claim 2, characterized in that, A smoke collecting hood and a smoke exhaust pipe communicated with the smoke collecting hood are arranged in front of the melting furnace. The pouring car further includes a folding mobile roller path, and the folding mobile roller path is arranged on the side of the vehicle body facing the melting furnace.

4. The pouring production line according to claim 2, wherein, The cover box mechanism includes a frame, a moving mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a lifting appliance and a bracket. The extending direction of the frame is consistent with the extending direction of the pallet roller path. The moving mechanism is arranged on the frame and moves along the frame. The lifting mechanism is fixed on the moving mechanism. The lifting appliance is fixed at the bottom of the lifting mechanism. The bracket is arranged on the frame for placing the cover box.

5. The pouring production line according to claim 2, characterized in that The pouring machine and the ladle on the pouring car include the following modes: Two pouring machines and two ladles. The two ladles are arranged on the two pouring machines in one-to-one correspondence. The two pouring machines alternately execute receiving molten metal and pouring the mold shell; One pouring machine and one ladle. The ladle is arranged on the pouring machine. The pouring machine drives the ladle to dock with the nozzle of the melting furnace to receive molten metal and lower for pouring; One pouring machine, two ladles and a ladle changing transfer vehicle. The two ladles alternately execute receiving molten metal and pouring the mold shell. The ladle receiving molten metal is carried by the ladle changing transfer vehicle to the melting furnace to receive molten metal, and the other ladle is used for pouring along with the pouring machine.

6. The pouring production line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding and transfer mechanism includes a feeding transfer vehicle, a feeding ferry vehicle, a short-side roller path, a long-side lifting roller path and a transition roller path. The feeding ferry vehicle is arranged on the third guide rail. The feeding transfer vehicle is arranged on the feeding ferry vehicle and moves along the third guide rail with the feeding ferry vehicle. The short-side roller path is arranged at the bottom of the roasting furnace for receiving the roasted mold shells. The long-side lifting roller path is arranged on the second guide rail and intersects with the short-side roller path. The transition roller path is connected to the long-side lifting roller path.

7. The pouring production line according to claim 1, characterized in that The discharging and transfer mechanism includes a discharging transfer vehicle, a discharging ferry vehicle and a short-side lifting roller path. The discharging ferry vehicle is arranged on the fourth guide rail. The discharging transfer vehicle is arranged on the discharging ferry vehicle and moves along the fourth guide rail with the discharging ferry vehicle. The short-side lifting roller path is arranged at one end of the second guide rail close to the solidification and cooling mechanism.

8. The pouring production line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solidification and cooling mechanism includes a pallet transfer vehicle, a roller conveyor and a casting blanking machine. The roller conveyor extends in a direction perpendicular to the second guide rail. The pallet transfer vehicle is arranged on the second guide rail and moves along the second guide rail. The casting blanking machine is arranged on the second guide rail on one side of the roller conveyor. A casting frame for the cooling process is provided on the casting blanking machine.

9. A pouring method for a pouring production line according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The roasted mold shells are placed in rows on the pallets, and a cover box is covered on each mold shell for heat preservation. The pallet carrying the mold shells is transported to the pouring area of the first guide rail through the feeding and transfer mechanism and docked to the pouring vehicle. The pouring vehicle pours the mold shells on the pallet one by one. After pouring, the pallet carries the cast mold shells and moves forward from the pouring vehicle to the discharging and transfer mechanism, and is transported by the discharging and transfer mechanism to the solidification and cooling area for solidification and cooling.

10. The casting method according to claim 9, characterized in that, A cover box mechanism is provided on the pouring vehicle. When the pouring vehicle is pouring, the cover box mechanism rises to drive the cover box to separate from the mold shell. After the mold shell is poured, the cover box mechanism drives the cover box to descend again to cover the cast mold shell after pouring, realizing solidification under anoxic conditions. The cover box mechanism places the cover box of the first mold shell on a pallet on a bracket, and then uses the cover box of the next mold shell to complete the solidification of the cover box of the previously poured cast mold shell, and so on to complete the opening, pouring and covering of the entire row of mold shells.

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