Self-adaptive clamping device for working blade of low-pressure turbine of aero-engine

Abstract

The invention discloses an aero-engine low-pressure turbine working blade self-adaptive clamping device which is composed of a pneumatic pressure module, a positioning clamping module, a detection display module and a main body frame. The positioning clamping module provides six-point positioning and self-adaptive clamping functions and a pressure detection function, the detection display module is located on one side of the main body frame, and the detection display module detects pressure values of six-point sensors in the positioning clamping module in real time through a built-in lithium battery and six paths of pressure transmitters. A pneumatic pressure mechanism is used for replacing manual compression screws, and a self-adaptive mechanism is used for replacing manual adjustment. Compared with a conventional mechanical positioning and clamping mode, the novel clamp has the advantages of being convenient to use, high in clamping efficiency and short in machine tool waiting time. Therefore, the processing efficiency is effectively improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing spare parts for aircraft engines, and in particular to an adaptive clamping device for working blades of a low-pressure turbine of an aircraft engine. Background Art

[0002] The low-pressure turbine blades consist of a tenon, an extension section, an edge plate, a blade body, and a blade crown. They are installed on the low-pressure turbine disc. During operation, the blade crown and the honeycomb structure on the casing are used together to maintain a suitable tip clearance, thereby reducing the gas leakage loss at the blade tip and improving the turbine efficiency. When working, the low-pressure turbine blades rotate at high speed in high-temperature gas, bearing gas load, mass load and heat load, and the working environment is harsh. The blade scrap rate is high during the maintenance process, and the product demand is large.

[0003] The blade blank is a precision casting alloy casting, and the key processing technology in the manufacturing process is the grinding of the tenon profile. The processing of the tenon profile is mainly carried out by creep grinding. The creep grinding machine has the functions of large cutting depth, creep feed, and strong cooling, and has the advantages of high power, good rigidity, stable low-speed feed of the worktable, high precision of the spindle system, high-pressure coolant and circulating filtration system. The material of the first-stage working blade of the low-pressure turbine is strong in toughness and hardness, and the tenon and other matching surfaces have high requirements for accuracy and roughness. At present, the tenon grinding and clamping of the working blades of the low-pressure turbine are mainly clamped by a special fixture designed based on the six-point positioning reference on the blade, which has the advantages of good fixture rigidity and accurate positioning. However, in actual use, the blade clamping requires manual use of a feeler gauge to check whether each positioning point is clamped in place, and manually adjust the position of the blade on the fixture. The clamping time is long, the efficiency is low, and the operator experience is required to be high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive clamping device for working blades of a low-pressure turbine of an aircraft engine, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the efficiency is reduced due to manual labor or inconvenient clamping.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an adaptive clamping device for working blades of a low-pressure turbine of an aero-engine, which is composed of a pneumatic pressure module, a positioning and clamping module, a detection and display module, and a main frame. The pneumatic pressure module provides an initial positioning power and a clamping power source, the positioning and clamping module provides a six-point positioning, an adaptive clamping function, and a pressure detection function, and the detection and display module is located on one side of the main frame. The detection and display module detects the pressure values of six-point sensors in the positioning and clamping module in real time through a built-in lithium battery and a six-way pressure transmitter.

[0006] Furthermore, the positioning and clamping module includes an adaptive pressure mechanism, a pressure equalizing positioning unit, a preloading mechanism, and a six-point positioning sensor. The adaptive pressure mechanism and the pressure equalizing positioning unit are located above the preloading mechanism and the six-point positioning sensor.

[0007] Furthermore, the adaptive pressure mechanism includes an adaptive pressure mechanism nut, a nut seat, an adaptive pressure bar, and a top column unit. Under the action of a return spring and a cylinder, the adaptive pressure mechanism nut can move up and down in the nut seat. The nut seat is fixedly connected to the main body frame. The nut seat is provided with a U-shaped groove, which can adjust the preloading position left and right.

[0008] Furthermore, in the initial state and the depressed state of the return spring, the effective stroke of the adaptive pressure mechanism is 12 mm. When depressed, according to the magnitude of the reaction force of the top column unit, the adaptive pressure bar can rotate adaptively around the pin shaft, and the rotation angle is ±15°.

[0009] Furthermore, the top column unit includes a top column, an adaptive bottom block pin, an adaptive bottom block, and an adaptive top block. An adaptive bottom block boss is provided between the adaptive bottom block and the adaptive top block. The adaptive bottom block can rotate around the pin by an adjustable angle of ±35°. The adaptive top block can rotate around the adaptive bottom block boss by an adjustable angle of ±12°.

[0010] Even further, the material of the adaptive top block is selected as brass.

[0011] Furthermore, the pressure equalizing positioning unit includes a pressure equalizing positioning push nut, a pressure equalizing positioning push nut seat, an adaptive pressing block pin, a pressure equalizing positioning beam, an adaptive pressing block, and an adaptive pressing block pin. The working principle of the pressure equalizing positioning unit is similar to that of the adaptive pressure mechanism. The pressure equalizing positioning unit is fixedly connected to the main body frame by bolts and adjusts its position through U-shaped mounting holes.

[0012] Even further, the size that the pressure equalizing positioning push nut seat can be adjusted left and right is 0 - 6 mm. The rotation angle of the pressure equalizing positioning beam is ±5°. The rotation angle of the adaptive block is ±25°. Both the pressure equalizing positioning beam and the adaptive pressing block can rotate around the pin according to the magnitude of the reaction force to adapt to the blade clamping surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the preloading mechanism is composed of a preloading mechanism seat, a preloading block, and a preloading block pin. The preloading mechanism is bolted to the main body frame through the U-shaped groove on the preloading mechanism seat and adjusts its position up and down through the U-shaped groove. The range of up and down movement is 0 - 7.5 mm. The preloading block rotates around the pin under the action of the spring force.

[0014] Furthermore, the working mode of the positioning and clamping module: The positioning and clamping module is fixedly connected to the sub-force pressing block through the push nut of the adaptive pressure mechanism and the push nut of the pressure equalizing positioning unit. In the initial state, under the action of the return spring, the adaptive pressure mechanism and the pressure equalizing positioning unit are lifted. When the cylinder operates, with the downward pressure of the driving beam, the adaptive pressure mechanism and the pressure equalizing positioning unit are pressed downward.

[0015] Furthermore, the pneumatic pressure module includes, from top to bottom, a driving beam, a cylinder, a low-pressure air valve, and a high-pressure air valve. One end of the driving beam is connected with a sub-force pressing block and a return spring, and a fulcrum block is provided in the middle part between the driving beam and the cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, the working mode of the pneumatic pressure module: In the initial state, the cylinder shaft is in a contracted state, the driving beam is in its original position, and the sub-force pressing block is lifted under the action of the return spring. After manually opening the air valve, the cylinder operates and the driving beam presses downward. The end of the driving beam uses a spherical point contact to press the sub-force pressing block. The fulcrum block is fixedly connected to the main frame structure through bolts. The rotation axis of the driving beam can be adjusted left and right in the through groove in the middle of the fulcrum block to facilitate adjusting the magnitudes of the forces at both ends of the sub-force pressing block.

[0017] Furthermore, the main frame provides support for internal components and external installation interfaces.

[0018] Furthermore, the detection and display module uses a customized product, integrating a lithium battery, a six-point pressure transmitter, a data processing unit, a display module, etc. The six-point positioning sensor is a customized sensor, and its installation position and contact points are determined according to the six-point positioning positions.

[0019] Furthermore, the following operations are performed on the adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of the aero-engine: (1) The operator adjusts the preloading mechanism with an Allen wrench and simultaneously places the blade into the clamping system; (2) When the operator observes that there is a pressure value at the positioning point P6 on the display screen, it is judged whether the blade is placed in place; (3) After loosening the Allen wrench, manually adjust the position of the blade. When there are values at the positioning points B4 and B5, the blade is placed in place; (4) The operator manually opens the low-pressure air valve, and the adaptive pressure mechanism operates. When there are pressure values at the positioning points A1, A2, and A3, the blade positioning is completed; (5) The operator manually opens the high-pressure air valve, and the system operates to clamp the blade.

[0020] Based on the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present invention can at least produce the following technical effects: (1)The self - adaptive clamping device for the low - pressure turbine working blades of an aero - engine provided by the present invention replaces the manual compression screw with a pneumatic pressure mechanism and replaces the manual adjustment with a self - adaptive mechanism. Compared with the conventional mechanical positioning and clamping method, the new fixture has the advantages of convenient use, high clamping efficiency, and short waiting time of the machine tool. Thus, the processing efficiency is effectively improved, and the production cost is reduced.

[0021] (2)The self - adaptive clamping device for the low - pressure turbine working blades of an aero - engine provided by the present invention is used for the tenon tooth machining in the manufacturing process of low - pressure turbine working blades. Slow - feed grinding is used for tenon tooth grinding. Six points specified in the drawing are used as the positioning reference. After the blade is clamped, a feeler gauge is used to check the clearance between the workpiece and the fixture positioning point. If the clearance is unqualified, the workpiece needs to be manually adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structure schematic diagram of the outer - positioning clamping module of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the self - adaptive pressure mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the downward pressure and lifting states of the self - adaptive pressure mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of the working state of the self - adaptive pressure bar of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the composition of the ejector pin unit of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the composition of the self - adaptive block of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is the structure schematic diagram of the pneumatic pressure module of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is the dimension diagram of the pneumatic pressure module of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the composition of the pressure - equalizing positioning unit of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the composition of the pre - pressing mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 is the spatial layout diagram of the six - point positioning sensor of the embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Main body frame; 2. Detection and display module; 3. Positioning and clamping module; 31. Adaptive pressure mechanism; 32. Equalizing positioning unit; 33. Preloading mechanism; 34. Six-point positioning sensor; 311. Nut of adaptive pressure mechanism; 312. Nut seat; 313. Adaptive pressure bar; 314. Thrust unit; 3141. Thrust post; 3142. Adaptive bottom block pin; 3143. Adaptive bottom block; 3144. Adaptive top block; 3145. Boss of adaptive bottom block; 321. Equalizing positioning push nut; 322. Equalizing positioning push nut seat; 323. Adaptive pressing block pin; 324. Equalizing positioning beam; 325. Adaptive pressing block; 326. Adaptive pressing block pin; 331. Seat of preloading mechanism; 332. Preloading block; 333. Preloading block pin; 4. Pneumatic pressure module; 41. Driving beam; 42. Cylinder; 43. Low-pressure air valve; 44. High-pressure air valve; 45. Force-dividing pressing block; 46. Return spring; 47. Fulcrum block. Detailed implementation mode

[0024] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application; the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present invention, the position adjustment cylinder, the rotary cylinder, the three - speed manual control valve, the two - speed manual control valve, and the precision pressure regulating valve all adopt products of AirTAC brand, and the model can be selected according to the pressure required by the workpiece.

[0027] Embodiment 1 As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides an adaptive clamping device for the low - pressure turbine working blade of an aero - engine, which is composed of a pneumatic pressure module 4, a positioning and clamping module 3, a detection and display module 2, and a main body frame 1. The pneumatic pressure module 4 provides the initial positioning power and the clamping power source. The positioning and clamping module 3 provides six - point positioning, adaptive clamping function and pressure detection function. The detection and display module 2 is located on one side of the main body frame 1. The detection and display module 2 can detect the pressure values of the six - point sensors in the positioning and clamping module 3 in real time through a built - in lithium battery and six - way pressure transmitters.

[0028] As Figure 2 、 12 shown, in this embodiment, the positioning and clamping module 3 includes an adaptive pressure mechanism 31, a pressure - equalizing positioning unit 32, a pre - pressing mechanism 33 and six - point positioning sensors 34. The adaptive pressure mechanism 31 and the pressure - equalizing positioning unit 32 are located above the pre - pressing mechanism 33 and the six - point positioning sensors 34.

[0029] As Figures 3 - 5 shown, in this embodiment, the adaptive pressure mechanism 31 includes an adaptive pressure mechanism nut 311, a nut seat 312, an adaptive pressure bar 313, and a top - column unit 314. The adaptive pressure mechanism nut 311 can move up and down in the nut seat 312 under the action of a return spring 46 and a cylinder 42. The nut seat 312 is fixedly connected to the main body frame 1. The nut seat 312 is provided with a U - shaped groove, which can adjust the pre - pressing position left and right.

[0030] As Figure 6 、 7 shown, in this embodiment, the top - column unit 314 includes a top column 3141, an adaptive bottom - block pin 3142, an adaptive bottom block 3143, and an adaptive top block 3144. An adaptive bottom - block boss 3145 is provided between the adaptive bottom block 3143 and the adaptive top block 3144. The adaptive bottom block 3143 can rotate around the adaptive bottom - block pin 3142, and the rotation angle is adjustable within ±35°. The adaptive top block 3144 can rotate around the adaptive bottom - block boss 3145, and the rotation angle is adjustable within ±12°.

[0031] As Figure 10As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the voltage equalizing and positioning unit 32 includes a voltage equalizing and positioning push nut 321, a voltage equalizing and positioning push nut seat 322, an adaptive pressing block pin 323, a voltage equalizing and positioning beam 324, an adaptive pressing block 325, and an adaptive pressing block pin 326. The working principle of the voltage equalizing and positioning unit 32 is similar to that of the adaptive pressure mechanism 31. The voltage equalizing and positioning unit 32 is fixedly connected to the main frame 1 by bolts and its position is adjusted through U-shaped mounting holes.

[0032] As Figure 11 shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the preloading mechanism 33 is composed of a preloading mechanism seat 331, a preloading block 332, and a preloading block pin 333. The preloading mechanism 33 is bolted to the main frame 1 through the U-shaped groove on the preloading mechanism seat 331, and its position is adjusted up and down through the U-shaped groove. The range of up and down movement is 0 - 7.5 mm. The preloading block 332 rotates around the pin under the action of spring force.

[0033] As Figures 8 - 9 shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the pneumatic pressure module 4 includes a driving beam 41, a cylinder 42, a low-pressure air valve 43, and a high-pressure air valve 44 from top to bottom. One end of the driving beam 41 is connected with a force-sharing pressing block 45 and a return spring 46. A fulcrum block 47 is provided in the middle part between the driving beam 41 and the cylinder 42.

[0034] In this embodiment, the main frame 1 provides support for internal components and external installation interfaces.

[0035] The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blades of an aero-engine performs the following operations: (1) The operator adjusts the preloading mechanism with an Allen wrench and at the same time places the blade into the clamping system; (2) When the operator observes that there is a pressure value at the positioning point P6 on the display screen, it is judged whether the blade is placed in place; (3) After loosening the Allen wrench, manually adjust the position of the blade. When there are values at the positioning points B4 and B5, the blade is placed in place; (4) The operator manually opens the low-pressure air valve, and the adaptive pressure mechanism acts. When there are pressure values at the positioning points A1, A2, and A3, the blade positioning is completed; (5) The operator manually opens the high-pressure air valve, and the system acts to clamp the blade.

[0036] The structures, functions, and connection forms disclosed in this article can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative. For example, multiple components can be combined or integrated into another component; in addition, in each embodiment of this article, the functional components can be integrated into one functional component, or each functional component can exist physically alone, or two or more functional components can be integrated into one functional component.

[0037] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive clamping device for a low-pressure turbine working blade of an aero-engine, characterized in that It consists of a pneumatic pressure module (4), a positioning and clamping module (3), a detection and display module (2), and a main body frame (1). The pneumatic pressure module (4) provides the initial positioning power and the clamping power source. The positioning and clamping module (3) provides six-point positioning, self-adaptive clamping function, and pressure detection function. The detection and display module (2) is located on one side of the main body frame (1). The detection and display module (2) real-time detects the pressure values of the six-point sensors in the positioning and clamping module (3) through a built-in lithium battery and six-way pressure transmitters.

2. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aero-engine according to claim 1, wherein The positioning and clamping module (3) includes a self-adaptive pressure mechanism (31), a pressure equalizing and positioning unit (32), a preloading mechanism (33), and six-point positioning sensors (34). The self-adaptive pressure mechanism (31) and the pressure equalizing and positioning unit (32) are located above the preloading mechanism (33) and the six-point positioning sensors (34).

3. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aeroengine according to claim 2, characterized in that The self-adaptive pressure mechanism (31) includes a self-adaptive pressure mechanism nut (311), a nut seat (312), a self-adaptive pressure bar (313), and a top column unit (314). The self-adaptive pressure mechanism nut (311) can move up and down in the nut seat (312) under the action of a return spring (46) and a cylinder (42). The nut seat (312) is fixedly connected to the main body frame (1). The nut seat (312) is provided with a U-shaped groove and can adjust the preloading position left and right.

4. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aeroengine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top column unit (314) includes a top column (3141), a self-adaptive bottom block pin (3142), a self-adaptive bottom block (3143), and a self-adaptive top block (3144). An adaptive bottom block boss (3145) is provided between the self-adaptive bottom block (3143) and the self-adaptive top block (3144). The self-adaptive bottom block (3143) can rotate around the self-adaptive bottom block pin (3142), and the rotation angle is adjustable within ±35°. The self-adaptive top block (3144) can rotate around the self-adaptive bottom block boss (3145), and the rotation angle is adjustable within ±12°.

5. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aero-engine according to claim 2, wherein The pressure equalizing and positioning unit (32) includes a pressure equalizing and positioning push nut (321), a pressure equalizing and positioning push nut seat (322), an adaptive pressing block pin (323), a pressure equalizing and positioning beam (324), an adaptive pressing block (325), and an adaptive pressing block pin (326). The working principle of the pressure equalizing and positioning unit (32) is similar to that of the self-adaptive pressure mechanism (31). The pressure equalizing and positioning unit (32) is fixedly connected to the main body frame (1) by bolts and adjusts its position through U-shaped mounting holes.

6. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aeroengine according to claim 2, wherein The preloading mechanism (33) consists of a preloading mechanism seat (331), a preloading block (332), and a preloading block pin (333). The preloading mechanism (33) is bolted to the main body frame (1) through the U-shaped groove on the preloading mechanism seat (331) and adjusts its position up and down through the U-shaped groove. The range of the up and down movement dimension is 0 - 7.5 mm. The preloading block (332) rotates around the pin under the action of spring force.

7. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aeroengine according to claim 1, wherein, The pneumatic pressure module (4) includes a driving beam (41), a cylinder (42), a low-pressure air valve (43), and a high-pressure air valve (44) from top to bottom. One end of the driving beam (41) is connected with a component force pressing block (45) and a return spring (46), and a fulcrum block (47) is arranged in the middle part between the driving beam (41) and the cylinder (42).

8. The adaptive clamping device for the low-pressure turbine working blade of an aero-engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body frame (1) provides internal device support and external installation interfaces.

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