A downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure, belonging to the field of downhole perforators. The downhole perforator directly forms a perforating mechanism suitable for loading and perforating a perforating bullet body and a pressurized explosive through an outer shell and an ammunition spherical shell. Since both sides of the ammunition spherical shell are rotatably connected to the inner part of the outer shell by shaft ends, and adjacent perforating mechanisms are initially connected by a first butt-jointed gear section and a first plug-in section, the perforating bullet body and the pressurized explosive loaded in the ammunition spherical shell can not only be adjusted in pitch angle within the outer shell following the ammunition spherical shell, but also can achieve adjustment of two adjacent perforating mechanisms to perforate in different directions in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, construction personnel can independently select the number of perforating mechanisms, perforating bullet bodies and pressurized explosives to be installed according to the number of perforations required on site, thereby improving adaptability during use and having a simple assembly structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of downhole perforators, and more particularly to a downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure. Background Art

[0002] In the process of oil and natural gas extraction, downhole perforators are key equipment that create channels in oil and gas layers and rock layers to allow oil and gas to flow from the formation to the wellbore. Their performance directly affects the efficiency and output of oil and gas extraction.

[0003] Currently, the downhole perforators widely used in the market mainly consist of four parts: a tubular housing, a tubular charge rack with a plurality of charging holes, a perforating charge body loaded in the charging holes, and pressurized ammunition. Although such downhole perforators are relatively simple in structure and have many advantages, the perforations on the tubular housing and the charging holes on the tubular charge rack are usually fixed on the tubular housing and the tubular charge rack, respectively. When the perforating charge body is detonated, the jet can only penetrate the formation at a fixed angle through the perforations, making it difficult to adjust the jet angle and inconvenient to use.

[0004] Moreover, the perforations and loading holes of existing downhole perforators are designed and manufactured in advance during in-house manufacturing to accommodate the loading and perforating of a corresponding number of perforating charge bodies and pressurized ammunition. When the number of perforating charge bodies and pressurized ammunition to be installed needs to be increased or decreased at the construction site, the existing downhole perforators are difficult to quickly implement, resulting in poor adaptability. Therefore, we propose a downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In the prior art, the perforations and loading holes of downhole perforators are designed and manufactured in advance during factory manufacturing to accommodate the loading and perforating of a corresponding number of perforating charge bodies and pressurized ammunition. However, when the number of perforating charge bodies and pressurized ammunition to be installed needs to be increased or decreased at the construction site, the existing downhole perforators are difficult to quickly implement, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure comprises an upper connecting piece, a plurality of perforating mechanisms and a lower guide head, wherein the plurality of perforating mechanisms have the same structure and are modularly connected end to end;

[0008] The perforating mechanism includes an outer shell, both sides of which are provided with an opening, a docking gear segment fixedly welded to the top of the outer shell via a connecting column segment, the interior of the docking gear segment communicates with the interior of the outer shell via the interior of the connecting column segment, and a mounting collar is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting column segment, the inner wall of the mounting collar is provided with an internal thread structure, a plug-in segment is fixedly welded to the bottom of the outer shell, the outer wall of the plug-in segment is provided with an external thread structure, and a plug-in cavity having an outer shape structure adapted to the outer shape structure of the docking gear segment is provided inside the plug-in segment, the interior of the plug-in cavity is communicated with the interior of the outer shell, and the outer sides of the outer shell are also provided with axial holes;

[0009] The interior of the outer shell is a spherical cavity structure, and an ammunition ball shell is sleeved inside the outer shell, and an axis end is fixedly welded on both sides of the ammunition ball shell, and the ammunition ball shell is rotatably connected inside the outer shell through the two axis ends and the two axis holes. The other two sides of the ammunition ball shell are respectively provided with opening two and opening three, and support plates two and support plates three are respectively fixedly welded on one side of the opening two and the opening three located inside the ammunition ball shell, and bayonet two and bayonet three are respectively provided on the support plate two and the support plate three, and two internal threaded holes are provided on the outer shell located on both sides of the axis hole, and positioning screws are threadedly connected to the internal threads of the internal threaded holes. The ends of the positioning screws located inside the outer shell are in close contact with the corresponding positions of the outer wall of the ammunition ball shell, and the center positions of the top and bottom of the ammunition ball shell are provided with flow openings, and the inner wall diameter of the flow opening is larger than the diameter of the connecting column section one and the inner wall diameter of the plug-in cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, a perforating bullet body and a pressurized explosive are provided inside the ammunition spherical shell, a fuse connecting end is provided on the perforating bullet body, a through hole is provided on the pressurized explosive, the pressurized explosive is sleeved on the perforating bullet body, and the fuse connecting end extends to the outside of the pressurized explosive through the through hole, the outside of the perforating bullet body is fixedly connected to the inside of the ammunition spherical shell through the second opening and the second bayonet, and the outside of the pressurized explosive is fixedly connected to the inside of the ammunition spherical shell through the third opening and the third bayonet.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper connecting member includes a plug-in section 2 with the same structure as the plug-in section 1, and a mounting section is fixedly welded to the top of the plug-in section 2 through a ring section. The outer wall of the mounting section is provided with an external thread structure, and a hollow drill rod is provided on the top of the upper connecting member. The bottom end of the inner wall of the hollow drill rod is provided with an internal thread structure. The bottom end of the hollow drill rod is threadedly connected to the mounting section, and a fuse through-hole is also provided on the hollow drill rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the docking gear segment 1 of the perforating mechanism located at the topmost position is inserted into the insertion cavity of the insertion segment 2, and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion segment 2. The docking gear segment 1 between two adjacent perforating mechanisms is inserted into the insertion cavity of the insertion segment 1, and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion segment 1, so as to realize modular end-to-end connection between multiple perforating mechanisms.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower guide head includes a conical head section, and a connecting column section 2 and a docking gear section 2 having the same structure as the connecting column section 1 and the docking gear section 1 are fixedly welded on the top of the conical head section. A mounting collar 2 having the same structure as the mounting collar 1 is sleeved on the connecting column section 2. The docking gear section 2 is inserted into the insertion cavity of the perforating mechanism located at the bottom, and the inner wall of the mounting collar 2 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion section 1.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner wall diameters of the two openings 1 located on both sides of the outer shell are equal, the inner wall diameter of the opening 1 is larger than the inner wall diameters of the opening 2 and the opening 3, and the inner wall diameter of the opening 3 is larger than the inner wall diameter of the opening 2, the inner wall diameter of the opening 2, the inner wall diameter of the bayonet 2 and the outer wall diameter of the perforating bullet body are all equal, and the inner wall diameter of the opening 3, the inner wall diameter of the bayonet 3 and the outer wall diameter of the pressurized explosive are all equal.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0016] (1) In this solution, the outer shell and the ammunition spherical shell directly form a perforating mechanism suitable for loading and perforating with a perforating bullet body and a pressurized explosive. Since both sides of the ammunition spherical shell are rotatably connected to the inner part of the outer shell through the ends of the shaft, the perforating bullet body and the pressurized explosive loaded inside the ammunition spherical shell can be adjusted in pitch angle inside the outer shell along with the ammunition spherical shell, thereby facilitating the perforator to achieve perforations at different pitch angles.

[0017] (2) In this solution, since adjacent perforating mechanisms are initially connected by plugging the docking gear segment 1 and the plug-in segment 1, the plug-in direction of the docking gear segment 1 inside the plug-in segment 1 can be controlled during the initial plug-in, that is, the directions of the openings 2 of the two adjacent perforating mechanisms can be controlled, so that the two adjacent perforating mechanisms can be perforated in different directions in the circumferential direction, further enriching the perforating direction adjustment capability of the perforator and improving the convenience of use;

[0018] (3) In this scheme, since adjacent perforating mechanisms are connected by modular assembly of connecting column section 1, docking gear section 1, installation collar 1 and plug-in section 1, construction personnel can independently select the number of perforating mechanisms, perforating bullet bodies and pressurized explosives to be installed according to the number of perforations required on site, thereby improving adaptability during use and simplifying the assembly structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the perforating mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the perforating mechanism of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the separation structure of the mounting collar 1 and the plug-in section 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the perforating bullet body and the pressurized explosive of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the ammunition spherical shell of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the upper connecting member of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lower guide head of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the lower guide head of the present invention.

[0029] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0030] 1. Perforating mechanism;

[0031] 2. Outer shell; 201. Opening 1; 202. Connecting column section 1; 203. Docking gear section 1; 204. Connecting section 1; 2041. Connecting cavity; 205. Shaft hole; 3. Mounting collar 1; 4. Ammunition spherical shell; 401. Shaft end; 402. Opening 2; 403. Opening 3; 404. Flow port; 5. Support plate 2; 501. Bayonet 2; 6. Support plate 3; 601. Bayonet 3;

[0032] 7. Positioning screws;

[0033] 8. Perforating bullet body; 801. Fuze connection end;

[0034] 9. Pressurized explosive; 901. Through hole;

[0035] 10. Upper connector; 1001. Connecting section 2; 1002. Ring section; 1003. Installation section;

[0036] 11. Lower guide head; 1101. Conical head section; 1102. Connecting column section 2; 1103. Docking gear section 2; 1104. Mounting collar 2;

[0037] 12. Hollow drill rod; 1201. Fuse perforation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-10 A downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure includes an upper connector 10, a plurality of perforating mechanisms 1, and a lower guide head 11. The plurality of perforating mechanisms 1 have the same structure and are modularly connected end to end.

[0040] The perforating mechanism 1 includes an outer shell 2, with openings 201 formed on both sides of the outer shell 2. A docking gear segment 203 is fixedly welded to the top of the outer shell 2 via a connecting column segment 202. The interior of the docking gear segment 203 is connected to the interior of the outer shell 2 via the interior of the connecting column segment 202. A mounting collar 3 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column segment 202. The inner wall of the mounting collar 3 has an internal thread structure. A plug-in segment 204 is fixedly welded to the bottom of the outer shell 2. The outer wall of the plug-in segment 204 has an external thread structure. The plug-in segment 204 has an internal plug-in cavity 2041 whose outer shape matches the outer shape of the docking gear segment 203. The interior of the plug-in cavity 2041 is connected to the interior of the outer shell 2. Axial holes 205 are also formed on both sides of the outer shell 2.

[0041] The interior of the outer shell 2 is a spherical cavity structure, and the ammunition spherical shell 4 is sleeved inside the outer shell 2. The ammunition spherical shell 4 is fixedly welded with an axis end 401 on both sides. The ammunition spherical shell 4 is rotatably connected to the interior of the outer shell 2 through the two axis ends 401 and the two axis holes 205. The other two sides of the ammunition spherical shell 4 are respectively provided with an opening 2 402 and an opening 3 403. The opening 2 402 and the opening 3 403 inside the ammunition spherical shell 4 are respectively fixedly welded with a support plate 2 5 and a support plate 3 6, and the support plate 2 5 A second bayonet 501 and a third bayonet 601 are respectively formed on the support plate 3 6 . Two internally threaded holes are formed in the outer shell 2 on either side of the axial hole 205 . Positioning screws 7 are threadedly connected to the internal threads of the internally threaded holes. The ends of the positioning screws 7 located inside the outer shell 2 are in close contact with corresponding positions on the outer wall of the ammunition spherical shell 4 . A flow opening 404 is formed at the center of the top and bottom of the ammunition spherical shell 4 . The inner wall diameter of the flow opening 404 is larger than the inner wall diameter of the connecting column section 1 202 and the inner wall diameter of the insertion cavity 2041 .

[0042] The ammunition spherical shell 4 is provided with a perforating charge body 8 and a pressurized explosive 9. The perforating charge body 8 is provided with a fuze connection end 801. The pressurized explosive 9 is provided with a through hole 901. The pressurized explosive 9 is sleeved on the perforating charge body 8, and the fuze connection end 801 extends to the outside of the pressurized explosive 9 through the through hole 901. The outside of the perforating charge body 8 is fixedly connected to the inside of the ammunition spherical shell 4 through the second opening 402 and the second bayonet 501. The outside of the pressurized explosive 9 is fixedly connected to the inside of the ammunition spherical shell 4 through the third opening 403 and the third bayonet 601.

[0043] The upper connector 10 includes a second plug-in section 1001 having the same structure as the first plug-in section 204. A mounting section 1003 is fixedly welded to the top of the second plug-in section 1001 via a ring section 1002. The outer wall of the mounting section 1003 is provided with an external thread structure. A hollow drill rod 12 is provided at the top of the upper connector 10. The bottom end of the inner wall of the hollow drill rod 12 is provided with an internal thread structure. The bottom end of the hollow drill rod 12 is threadedly connected to the mounting section 1003. The hollow drill rod 12 is also provided with a fuse through hole 1201.

[0044] The docking gear segment 1 203 of the topmost perforating mechanism 1 is inserted into the insertion cavity 2041 of the second insertion segment 1001, and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1 3 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the second insertion segment 1001. The docking gear segment 1 203 between two adjacent perforating mechanisms 1 is inserted into the insertion cavity 2041 of the first insertion segment 204, and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1 3 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the first insertion segment 204. In this way, multiple perforating mechanisms 1 are modularly connected end to end.

[0045] The lower guide head 11 includes a conical head section 1101. A connecting column section 1102 and a docking gear section 1103 having the same structure as the connecting column section 202 and the docking gear section 203 are fixedly welded to the top of the conical head section 1101. A mounting collar 1104 having the same structure as the mounting collar 3 is sleeved on the connecting column section 1102. The docking gear section 1103 is inserted into the insertion cavity 2041 of the perforating mechanism 1 at the bottom, and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1104 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion section 204.

[0046] (1) The installation principle of this downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure is:

[0047] First, the mounting section 1003 of the upper connector 10 is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the hollow drill pipe 12 through the annular section 1002. Then, the docking gear section 1 203 of the first perforating mechanism 1 is directly inserted into the insertion cavity 2041 of the second insertion section 1001. Using the mounting collar 1 3 sleeved on the connecting column section 1 202, the connecting column section 1 202 of the first perforating mechanism 1 is threadedly connected to the second insertion section 1001 of the upper connector 10. At this point, the connection and assembly of the hollow drill pipe 12, the upper connector 10, and the first perforating mechanism 1 are completed.

[0048] Then, the docking gear segment 1 203 of the second perforating mechanism 1 is directly inserted into the insertion cavity 2041 of the plug-in segment 1 204 of the first perforating mechanism 1, and the second perforating mechanism 1 is threadedly connected to the plug-in segment 1 204 of the first perforating mechanism 1 through the installation collar 1 3 on the second perforating mechanism 1. At this point, the modular connection and assembly between adjacent perforating mechanisms 1 is completed, and the number of modularly installed perforating mechanisms 1 meets the required number for use.

[0049] Finally, directly insert the second docking gear segment 1103 of the lower guide head 11 into the insertion cavity 2041 of the last perforating mechanism 1. Then, use the second mounting collar 1104 sleeved on the second connecting column segment 1102 to threadably connect it to the first insertion segment 204 of the last perforating mechanism 1. This completes the assembly of the perforator upper connector 10, several perforating mechanisms 1, and the lower guide head 11.

[0050] Finally, an equal number of perforating bullet bodies 8 and pressurized explosives 9 are selected according to the number of installed perforating mechanisms 1. The perforating bullet bodies 8 and pressurized explosives 9 are first installed one by one to form a number of whole bodies including the perforating bullet bodies 8 and pressurized explosives 9, which are equal to the number of perforating mechanisms 1. Then, the whole bodies are respectively installed inside the corresponding perforating mechanisms 1, that is, the whole bodies consisting of the perforating bullet bodies 8 and pressurized explosives 9 are respectively installed inside the corresponding ammunition spherical shells 4, and the outer wall of the perforating bullet body 8 is firmly clamped between the second opening 402 and the second bayonet 501, and the outer wall of the pressurized explosive 9 is firmly clamped between the third opening 403 and the third bayonet 601. At this time, the installation of the perforating bullet body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9 is completed;

[0051] Then, the detonating cord is introduced into the hollow drill rod 12 through the top thereof and then led out through the fuse perforation 1201. The perforating charge bodies 8 of several perforating mechanisms 1 are then connected in series through the fuse connection end 801. At this point, the connection of the detonating cords is complete, facilitating subsequent controlled detonation and perforation. During perforation, the jet can pass through the second opening 402 and the first opening 201 at the same position as the second opening 402 to perforate the formation (the specific structure of the perforating charge body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9 and the principle of detonation and perforation are already known in the art and will not be described in detail here).

[0052] (2) The principle of adjusting the jet pitch angle of this perforator is:

[0053] When it is necessary to change the jet pitch angle during perforation, it is only necessary to loosen all the positioning screws 7 on both sides of the outer shell 2 before the above-mentioned detonating cord is connected in series. At this time, the ammunition spherical shell 4 can be rotated to drive the perforating bullet body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9 to rotate, thereby achieving the pitch angle adjustment of the perforating bullet body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9. After the pitch angle adjustment meets the construction requirements, the positioning screws 7 are re-tightened to press the ammunition spherical shell 4 inside the outer shell 2. At this time, the positioning effect after the pitch angle adjustment is completed, and the operation is simple;

[0054] It should be noted that during the pitch adjustment of the ammunition spherical shell 4, the second opening 402 should be controlled to always be inside the first opening 201 at the corresponding position to prevent the second opening 402 from being adjusted too much and being covered by the outside of the first opening 201, thereby affecting the jet generated by the explosion of the perforating bullet body 8 from being smoothly ejected through the second opening 402 and the first opening 201. In addition, during the pitch adjustment of the ammunition spherical shell 4, it should be checked whether the flow ports 404 at the top and bottom of the ammunition spherical shell 4 can maintain communication with the interior of the connecting column section 1 202 and the interior of the plug-in cavity 2041 to prevent oil and gas from failing to climb upward through the first opening 201, the second opening 402, the interior of the ammunition spherical shell 4 and the connecting column section 1 202 after perforation and entering the interior of the hollow drill rod 12.

[0055] The inner wall diameter of the flow port 404 is larger than the inner wall diameter of the connecting column section 1 202 and the plug-in cavity 2041, which can increase the opening degree of the flow port 404 and avoid the oil and gas being unable to smoothly climb upward through the inside of the ammunition spherical shell 4 due to the small opening degree of the flow port 404 and the misalignment and closure of the flow port 404 and the connecting column section 1 202 and the plug-in cavity 2041 when the ammunition spherical shell 4 is pitched and adjusted.

[0056] (3) The principle of adjusting the upward angle of the jet ring of this type of perforator is:

[0057] Before the detonating cords are connected in series and during the modular assembly process between adjacent perforating mechanisms 1, it is only necessary to insert the docking gear segments 203 between the adjacent perforating mechanisms 1 into the inserting cavity 2041 in a staggered manner, even if the openings 201 between the adjacent perforating mechanisms 1 are staggered in direction. At this time, the staggered adjustment of the opening 201 of the next perforating mechanism 1 relative to the opening 201 of the previous perforating mechanism 1 and the adjustment of the annular angle can be completed. Finally, the installation can be completed by threading the mounting collar 1104, thus completing the adjustment of the annular angle and fixing the adjusted angle, which is easy to operate.

[0058] Example 2: In view of the above example 1, further description is given, see Figure 3-Figure 7 The inner wall diameters of the two openings 201 located on both sides of the outer shell 2 are equal. The inner wall diameter of the opening 201 is larger than the inner wall diameters of the opening 2 402 and the opening 3 403, and the inner wall diameter of the opening 3 403 is larger than the inner wall diameter of the opening 2 402. The inner wall diameter of the opening 2 402, the inner wall diameter of the bayonet 2 501, and the outer wall diameter of the perforating bullet body 8 are all equal. The inner wall diameter of the opening 3 403, the inner wall diameter of the bayonet 3 601, and the outer wall diameter of the pressurized explosive 9 are all equal.

[0059] The structural design in which the inner wall diameters of the two openings 201 located on both sides of the outer shell 2 are equal, and the inner wall diameter of the opening 201 is larger than the inner wall diameters of the opening 2 402 and the opening 3 403, can increase the opening degree of the opening 201, making it convenient to avoid space for the opening 2 402 and the opening 3 403 to eject the jet when the pitch angle of the ammunition spherical shell 4 is adjusted. The arrangement of the support plate 2 5 and the support plate 3 6 can support the installation of the perforating charge body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9, thereby improving the stability of the installation structure.

[0060] By making the inner diameters of the second opening 402, the second bayonet 501, and the outer diameter of the perforating charge body 8 equal, and the inner diameters of the third opening 403, the third bayonet 601, and the outer diameter of the pressurized explosive 9 equal, the structural design can increase the fit between the perforating charge body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9 during contact installation, improve the tightness of the installation at the contact area, and reduce the phenomenon of the perforating charge body 8 and the pressurized explosive 9 loosening and sliding during angle adjustment.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure, comprising an upper connecting member (10), a plurality of perforating mechanisms (1) and a lower guide head (11), characterized in that: The structures of the plurality of perforating mechanisms (1) are identical, and the plurality of perforating mechanisms (1) are modularly connected end to end; The perforating mechanism (1) comprises an outer shell (2), both sides of the outer shell (2) are provided with an opening (201), the top of the outer shell (2) is fixedly welded with a docking gear section (203) via a connecting column section (202), the interior of the docking gear section (203) is connected to the interior of the outer shell (2) via the interior of the connecting column section (202), and the outer side of the connecting column section (202) is sleeved with a mounting collar (3), the mounting collar (3) An internal thread structure is provided on the inner wall, a plug-in section 1 (204) is fixedly welded to the bottom of the outer shell (2), an external thread structure is provided on the outer wall of the plug-in section 1 (204), and a plug-in cavity (2041) whose outer structure matches the outer structure of the docking gear section 1 (203) is provided inside the plug-in section 1 (204), the interior of the plug-in cavity (2041) is connected to the interior of the outer shell (2), and shaft holes (205) are also provided on the other two sides of the outer shell (2); The interior of the outer shell (2) is a spherical cavity structure, and an ammunition spherical shell (4) is sleeved inside the outer shell (2), and shaft ends (401) are fixedly welded on both sides of the ammunition spherical shell (4). The ammunition spherical shell (4) is rotatably connected to the interior of the outer shell (2) through the two shaft ends (401) and the two shaft holes (205). The other two sides of the ammunition spherical shell (4) are respectively provided with an opening 2 (402) and an opening 3 (403). A support plate 2 (5) and a support plate 3 (6) are respectively fixedly welded on one side of the opening 2 (402) and the opening 3 (403) inside the ammunition spherical shell (4), and the support plate 2 (5) and the support plate 3 (6) are respectively fixedly welded on one side of the opening 2 (402) and the opening 3 (403) inside the ammunition spherical shell (4). Plate 2 (5) and support plate 3 (6) are respectively provided with bayonet 2 (501) and bayonet 3 (601), and two internal threaded holes are provided on the outer shell (2) on both sides of the shaft hole (205), and the internal threads of the internal threaded holes are connected with positioning screws (7), and the ends of the positioning screws (7) located inside the outer shell (2) are in close contact with the corresponding positions of the outer wall of the ammunition spherical shell (4), and the center positions of the top and bottom of the ammunition spherical shell (4) are provided with flow openings (404), and the inner wall diameter of the flow opening (404) is larger than the inner wall diameter of the connecting column section 1 (202) and the inner wall diameter of the plug-in cavity (2041).

2. The downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A perforating bullet body (8) and a pressurized explosive (9) are provided inside the ammunition spherical shell (4); a fuze connecting end (801) is provided on the perforating bullet body (8); a through hole (901) is provided on the pressurized explosive (9); the pressurized explosive (9) is sleeved on the perforating bullet body (8), and the fuze connecting end (801) extends to the outside of the pressurized explosive (9) through the through hole (901); the outside of the perforating bullet body (8) is fixedly connected to the inside of the ammunition spherical shell (4) through the second opening (402) and the second bayonet (501); and the outside of the pressurized explosive (9) is fixedly connected to the inside of the ammunition spherical shell (4) through the third opening (403) and the third bayonet (601).

3. The downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper connecting member (10) includes a second plug-in section (1001) having the same structure as the first plug-in section (204), a mounting section (1003) being fixedly welded to the top of the second plug-in section (1001) via a ring section (1002), an outer wall of the mounting section (1003) being provided with an external thread structure, a hollow drill rod (12) being provided at the top of the upper connecting member (10), an inner thread structure being provided at the bottom end of the inner wall of the hollow drill rod (12), a threaded connection being formed between the bottom end of the hollow drill rod (12) and the mounting section (1003), and a fuse through hole (1201) being provided on the hollow drill rod (12).

4. The downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The docking gear section 1 (203) of the perforating mechanism (1) located at the topmost position is plugged into the plug-in cavity (2041) of the plug-in segment 2 (1001), and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1 (3) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the plug-in segment 2 (1001). The docking gear section 1 (203) between two adjacent perforating mechanisms (1) is plugged into the plug-in cavity (2041) of the plug-in segment 1 (204), and the inner wall of the mounting collar 1 (3) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the plug-in segment 1 (204), so as to realize modular end-to-end connection between a plurality of the perforating mechanisms (1).

5. The downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower guide head (11) comprises a conical head section (1101), a connecting column section (1102) and a docking gear section (1103) having the same structure as the connecting column section (202) and the docking gear section (203) are fixedly welded to the top of the conical head section (1101), a mounting collar (1104) having the same structure as the mounting collar (3) is sleeved on the connecting column section (1102), the docking gear section (1103) is inserted into the insertion cavity (2041) of the perforating mechanism (1) at the bottom, and the inner wall of the mounting collar (1104) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion section (204).

6. The downhole perforator with an adjustable jet direction structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall diameters of the two openings (201) on both sides of the outer shell (2) are equal, the inner wall diameter of the opening (201) is larger than the inner wall diameters of the opening (402) and the opening (403), and the inner wall diameter of the opening (403) is larger than the inner wall diameter of the opening (402), the inner wall diameter of the opening (402), the inner wall diameter of the bayonet (501) and the outer wall diameter of the perforating bullet body (8) are all equal, and the inner wall diameter of the opening (403), the inner wall diameter of the bayonet (601) and the outer wall diameter of the pressurized explosive (9) are all equal.

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