Method for accurately and quickly positioning diameter of subway tunnel

Abstract

The invention provides a subway tunnel diameter accurate and rapid positioning method, which regards a subway circular tunnel as a standard circle, hereinafter referred to as a tunnel circle, and comprises the following steps: S1, making a vertical line tangent to the subway circular tunnel, and according to the principle that a straight line is tangent to the circle, enabling the vertical line of the vertical line to pass through the circle center of the tunnel circle, the vertical line intersects with the other side of the tunnel circle, and the connecting line of two intersection points is the diameter of the tunnel circle; s2, quickly finding out a vertical line of a tunnel circle tangent line according to the principle in S1; and S3, finding out the diameter of the tunnel circle by using a rapid positioning device according to the vertical line in the S2. According to the method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of the subway tunnel, the approximation principle that the tunnel segment can be approximate to a plane within a certain range is utilized, the panel can be stably placed at any position of the tunnel segment, and accurate and efficient positioning of the tangent point of a straight line and a tunnel circle is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of precision engineering monitoring and detection of subways, and in particular relates to a method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the number and scale of subway tunnels in many cities are increasing exponentially. The development of the subway has achieved leapfrog development. Because of its characteristics such as low energy consumption, accurate timeliness, large passenger capacity, less pollution, and high speed, the subway has become a very important means of transportation in the city. However, during the long-term operation of the subway, it will be affected by a variety of factors, such as the topographic conditions of the area where it is located, the hydrological and geological conditions, the climate environmental conditions, the construction in the surrounding area, etc., as well as from the design to the construction to the operation process, etc., resulting in various diseases in the use process of the subway structure. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly detect the current situation of the subway tunnel structure. A very important index for the current situation detection is the analysis of the tunnel ovality and the convergence of the tunnel diameter. How to quickly and accurately find the diameter of a certain position in the subway shield tunnel and conduct ovality and diameter convergence analysis based on the detection and monitoring of the diameter deformation is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

[0003] There are two main methods for determining the diameter of subway tunnels. The first is the traditional measurement method, which mainly uses the polar coordinate method of the total station to measure the three-dimensional feature points of the subway tunnel structure, and draws and fits the tunnel circle with an ideal circle, determines the center and horizontal diameter of the circle according to the fitted circle, and then calculates or measures the three-dimensional feature point coordinates of the horizontal diameter according to the horizontal diameter position, and then uses the total station to actually lay out the position of the horizontal diameter according to the three-dimensional feature point coordinates of the horizontal diameter. Although this measurement method can accurately locate the position of the horizontal large diameter of the tunnel in actual measurement applications, it has low operation efficiency and cumbersome operation process. It needs to go through the process of establishing the field control network-original data collection-in-house data calculation-field point layout, etc. This method is not only inefficient and cumbersome, but also easily affected by human factors in actual measurement applications, resulting in measurement errors, which have a certain impact on the accuracy of the measurement. The second method is to use a three-dimensional laser scanning method. As a new type of stereoscopic scanning technology, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology that has emerged in recent years has the characteristics of high precision, high density and full automation. In actual scanning and measurement applications, it can scan and obtain three-dimensional laser point cloud data with full coverage and high resolution of the measurement target at a scanning speed of millions of points per second to meet the needs of scanning and measurement technology, and can quickly obtain field section point cloud data. The tunnel circle can be fitted according to the point cloud data, and then the three-dimensional feature point coordinates of the horizontal large diameter of the tunnel can be determined according to the fitted tunnel circle. According to the coordinates of the three-dimensional feature points of the horizontal large diameter, the position of the tunnel large diameter can be laid out in the actual tunnel using the total station. Compared with traditional methods, it has the characteristics of high data acquisition efficiency, rich data volume and high degree of automation. However, the subsequent data processing time of this method is cumbersome and the redundant amount of measured data is too large. The demand for accurately and efficiently finding the large diameter of the tunnel can only be achieved through fitting, segmentation, measurement on the map and actual layout. The processing efficiency is low, and the collection of a large number of redundant points is also a waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method for accurately and quickly locating the diameter of a subway tunnel to solve at least any one of the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: A method for accurately and quickly locating the diameter of a subway tunnel, wherein the subway circular tunnel is regarded as a standard circle, hereinafter referred to as the tunnel circle, and includes the following steps: S1. Draw a vertical line tangent to the circular subway tunnel. According to the principle that a line is tangent to a circle, the perpendicular line of the vertical line must pass through the center of the tunnel circle. The perpendicular line intersects with the other side of the tunnel circle, and the line connecting the two intersection points is the diameter of the tunnel circle. S2, quickly find the perpendicular line of the tangent line of the tunnel circle according to the principle in S1; S3. Based on the perpendicular line of S2, use the rapid positioning device to find the diameter of the tunnel circle.

[0006] Furthermore, the specific method for quickly finding the perpendicular line of the tangent line of the tunnel circle in S2 is as follows: Consider the longitudinal range of the subway tunnel segment as a plane, and approximately consider it as a plane within 25 cm in the vertical direction. Therefore, make a panel that fits tightly with the arc-shaped tunnel segment, with a fitting error less than or equal to 1.8 mm. The panel is tangent to the tunnel circle in the longitudinal direction and the tunnel arc. Therefore, the line passing through the center of the panel and perpendicular to the panel is the perpendicular line.

[0007] Furthermore, the rapid positioning device includes a panel, a connecting rod, and a slot installed above it. The connecting rod is welded on the panel, and a distance measuring instrument slot is installed on the connecting rod. The center of the slot is strictly centered with the center of the distance measuring instrument and the center of the panel, and the center connection lines of the three are on the same straight line. The slot is strictly perpendicular to the distance measuring instrument and the panel.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for using the rapid positioning device to find the diameter of the tunnel circle in S3 is: The perpendicular line must be the straight line where the diameter of the tunnel circle 1 is located. The connection line between the intersection point of the perpendicular line and the arc on the other side of the tunnel and the center point of the panel 4 is the diameter of the tunnel circle.

[0009] Furthermore, both the upper and lower parts of the connecting rod are in an "L" shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the slot is made of stainless steel.

[0011] Furthermore, the panel is marked with a cross centering mark.

[0012] Furthermore, the specifications of the panel are 25 cm * 20 cm * 2 mm, and the material is stainless steel.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of the subway tunnel described in the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of the subway tunnel described in the present invention directly utilizes the geometric principle that the tangent line of the tunnel circle is tangent to the circle diameter. Without using relevant measuring equipment for field measurement and without calculating and fitting the data collected in the field, it can efficiently, accurately, and simply find the position where the diameter of the tunnel circle is located. By using the approximation principle that the tunnel circle segment can be approximated as a plane within a certain range, the panel can be stably placed at any position of the tunnel segment, realizing accurate and efficient positioning of the tangent point of the straight line and the tunnel circle.

[0014] (2) In the method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to the present invention, the centers of the panel, the card slot of the rangefinder, and the center of the rangefinder are strictly centered and located on the same straight line. The straight line where the card slot is located is precisely perpendicular to the panel. Just insert an ordinary rangefinder to use it, without other centering, leveling, calibration and other operations. The measuring line measured by the rangefinder is the diameter of the tunnel circle, which is accurate, efficient and reliable.

[0015] (3) In the method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to the present invention, the connecting rod provided can not only ensure the strict centering of the card slot of the rangefinder and the center of the panel, but also make the straight line where the card slot is located precisely perpendicular to the panel. At the same time, it is used as a handle during use, which is light and efficient. Description of the Drawings

[0016] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a test schematic diagram of the method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a front view of the rapid positioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a side view of the rapid positioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a plan view of the panel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the tunnel positioning operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Description of the Reference Numerals in the Drawings: 1 - tunnel circle; 11 - center of the circle; 12 - tunnel segment; 2 - vertical line; 3 - perpendicular line; 4 - panel; 5 - connecting rod; 6 - slot; A - rapid positioning device. Detailed Embodiments

[0018] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.

[0021] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0022] A method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel, as Figures 1 to 6 shown, the circular subway tunnel can be approximately regarded as a standard circle, hereinafter referred to as tunnel circle 1, and includes the following steps: S1. Make a vertical line 2 tangent to the circular subway tunnel. According to the principle of a line being tangent to a circle, the perpendicular line 3 of the vertical line 2 must pass through the center 11 of the tunnel circle 1. The perpendicular line 3 intersects the other side of the tunnel circle 1, and the line connecting the two intersection points is the diameter of the tunnel circle. The relevant principle is as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0023] S2. According to the principle in S1, quickly find the perpendicular line of the tangent of the tunnel circle to quickly find the diameter of the tunnel circle. The specific method is as follows: Regard the longitudinal range of the subway tunnel segment as a plane. Within a certain vertical range (about 25 cm range), it can be approximately regarded as a plane. Therefore, make a rectangular panel 4 with a length of 25 cm and a width of 20 cm, so that the panel 4 can fit tightly with the arc-shaped tunnel segment 12, and the fitting error is less than or equal to 1.8 mm as follows Figure 2。The panel 4 is tangent to the tunnel arc 1 longitudinally, so a straight line passing through the center of the panel 4 and perpendicular to the panel 4 must be the straight line where the diameter of the tunnel circle 1 lies. Then find the intersection point of this straight line and the arc on the other side of the tunnel, and the connection line between this intersection point and the center point of the panel 4 is the diameter of the tunnel circle.

[0024] S3. According to the principle of S2, the quick positioning device can be used as the straight line passing through the center of the panel 4 and perpendicular to the panel. The laser point generated by the rangefinder on the other side of the tunnel wall is the intersection point of the straight line passing through the center of the tunnel circle and the tunnel wall. Make corresponding marks at the center position of the panel and the position of the laser point respectively. The connection line of these two marks is the diameter of the tunnel circle.

[0025] A precise and quick positioning method for the diameter of a subway tunnel directly utilizes the geometric principle that the tangent of the tunnel circle is tangent to the circle diameter. Without the need for field measurement using relevant measuring equipment and without calculating and fitting the data collected in the field, it can efficiently, accurately and simply find the position where the diameter of the tunnel circle lies. It not only utilizes the geometric principle of the tangent of the circle diameter and the straight line, but also utilizes the approximate principle that the tunnel segment can be approximated as a plane within a certain range, enabling the panel to be stably placed at any position of the tunnel segment, and achieving accurate and efficient positioning of the tangent point of the straight line and the tunnel circle.

[0026] The quick positioning device A includes a panel 4, a connecting rod 5 and a slot 6 installed above it. The specification of the panel 4 is 25cm * 20cm * 2mm, and the material is stainless steel, which can achieve precise fitting of the stainless steel plate and the tunnel segment, and thus quickly find the tangent of the tunnel circle. This stainless steel plate is flat without deformation, accurate in finding the tangent, and lightweight and practical. A connecting rod 5 is welded on the panel 4, and a rangefinder slot 6 is installed on the connecting rod 5. The center of the slot 6 is strictly aligned with the center of the rangefinder and the center of the panel 4, and the center connection lines of the three are on the same straight line. And the slot 6 is strictly perpendicular to the rangefinder and the panel 4. Inserting the rangefinder tightly can find the tangent point of the circle. The distance measured by the rangefinder at any position is the diameter of the tunnel circle.

[0027] Both the upper and lower parts of the connecting rod 5 are in an "L" shape. It not only serves as the connecting rod 5 between the panel 4 and the slot 6, but can also be used as a handle during use, which is simple and practical, and can flexibly use and place the position of the panel in actual applications, which is very beneficial for finding any Preferably, the slot 6 is made of stainless steel, which is strong and firm without deformation. This device does not need to specifically purchase a dedicated rangefinder and can support the plug-and-play of most rangefinders.

[0028] The panel 4 is equipped with a cross centering mark. After it is placed stably on the tunnel segment, this mark can be used to spray the cross centering mark, eliminating the need for redundant measurement and verification. The line connecting the cross mark and the laser point of the rangefinder is the diameter of the tunnel circle, which is very portable, fast, and efficient. It is very convenient to find the diameter position of the tunnel circle for general circular tunnels.

[0029] The method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of the subway tunnel in this solution has made great breakthroughs in terms of the required time, operation process, and cost compared with the conventional method and the three-dimensional laser scanning method. The comparison table is as follows: Table 1 The comparison table of the method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of the subway tunnel in this solution and the distance of the diameter fitted by three-dimensional laser is shown in Tables 2 to 4. Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 It can be seen from Tables 2 to 4 that the differences are all within 0.5 mm. Compared with the traditional method and the three-dimensional laser scanning method, while ensuring the accuracy, the workload of both the fieldwork and the indoor work of this method is greatly reduced. To some extent, this method does not require field measurement and indoor data processing and calculation, and only needs to "place + press + spray" to complete the point layout.

[0030] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel, characterized in that: Regarding the circular subway tunnel as a standard circle, hereinafter referred to as the tunnel circle, the following steps are included: S1. Draw a vertical line tangent to the circular subway tunnel. According to the principle of a line being tangent to a circle, the perpendicular line of the vertical line must pass through the center of the tunnel circle. The perpendicular line intersects the other side of the tunnel circle, and the line connecting the two intersection points is the diameter of the tunnel circle. S2. Quickly find the perpendicular line of the tangent line of the tunnel circle according to the principle in S1. S3. Use the quick positioning device to find the diameter of the tunnel circle according to the perpendicular line in S2.

2. A method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for quickly finding the perpendicular line of the tangent line of the tunnel circle in S2 is as follows: Consider the longitudinal range of the subway tunnel segment as a plane, and approximately regard it as a plane within 25 cm vertically. Therefore, make a panel that fits tightly with the arc-shaped tunnel segment, with a fitting error less than or equal to 1.8 mm. The panel is tangent to the tunnel circle in the longitudinal direction. Thus, the line passing through the center of the panel and perpendicular to the panel is the perpendicular line.

3. A method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick positioning device includes a panel, a connecting rod, and a slot installed above it. The connecting rod is welded to the panel, and a distance measuring instrument slot is installed on the connecting rod. The center of the slot is strictly aligned with the center of the distance measuring instrument and the center of the panel, and the center connection lines of the three are on the same straight line. The slot is strictly perpendicular to the distance measuring instrument and the panel.

4. A method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for using the quick positioning device to find the diameter of the tunnel circle in S3 is: The perpendicular line must be the straight line where the diameter of the tunnel circle 1 is located. The line connecting the intersection point of the perpendicular line and the arc on the other side of the tunnel and the center point of the panel 4 is the diameter of the tunnel circle.

5. A method for accurately and rapidly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the upper and lower parts of the connecting rod are in an "L" shape.

6. A method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slot is made of stainless steel.

7. A precise and rapid positioning method for the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The panel is marked with a cross alignment mark.

8. A method for accurately and quickly positioning the diameter of a subway tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specifications of the panel are 25 cm * 20 cm * 2 mm, and the material is stainless steel.

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