Dam water level automatic monitoring device based on buoyancy principle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dam water level monitoring, and discloses an automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle. The outer surface of the stand column rod is provided with a water level monitoring assembly used for floating on the water surface to conduct water level detection and a protection cylinder used for protecting the water level monitoring assembly. According to the dam water level automatic monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle, the protection cylinder is arranged and used for protecting the water level monitoring assembly, so that impact interference caused by garbage in water to the water level monitoring assembly can be effectively prevented, fluctuation interference caused by surging of water ripples to the water level monitoring assembly is prevented, and the service life of the water level monitoring assembly is prolonged. And an auxiliary floating frame is arranged on the outer surface of the protection barrel, so that the protection barrel can adaptively adjust the protection height according to the change condition of the water level, and the protection range of the water level monitoring assembly is further widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dam water level monitoring, and particularly to an automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle. Background Art

[0002] In the construction and management of water conservancy projects, the real-time monitoring of the dam water level plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of the dam, preventing flood disasters, and rationally allocating water resources. Traditional water level monitoring methods mainly rely on manual observation or simple mechanical water level gauges, which have many deficiencies, such as low efficiency, poor accuracy, inability to achieve automation and real-time monitoring, etc., and are difficult to meet the requirements of high precision, high efficiency, and real-time of modern water conservancy management for water level monitoring.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous development of sensor technology, automation technology, and communication technology, automatic water level monitoring devices have gradually been applied. However, most of the existing automatic water level monitoring devices have some problems, such as complex structure, high cost, and being easily interfered by environmental factors (such as garbage in water, water wave surging, etc.), resulting in a decrease in monitoring accuracy. In addition, when some monitoring devices face a large range of water level changes, their protection mechanisms cannot be adjusted adaptively, and they cannot effectively protect the monitoring components, thus affecting the normal operation of the monitoring device.

[0004] In practical applications, the water level monitoring device also needs to consider the influence of sediment accumulation on the monitoring accuracy. Sediment accumulation will change the actual height of the bottom of the water, thus affecting the true measured value of the water level. However, most of the existing monitoring devices lack an effective detection and compensation mechanism for the sediment accumulation thickness, resulting in a certain degree of interference to the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0005] In summary, the water level monitoring devices in the prior art have many deficiencies in terms of structural design, environmental adaptability, monitoring accuracy, and the ability to detect sediment accumulation. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a water level monitoring device with a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, capable of real-time and accurate monitoring of the dam water level, and capable of effectively coping with complex environmental factors such as garbage in water, water wave surging, and sediment accumulation for improving the level of water conservancy management and ensuring the safe operation of the dam. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (I) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic monitoring device for dam water level based on the buoyancy principle. A protective tube is provided to protect the water level monitoring component, which can not only effectively prevent garbage in the water from impacting the water level monitoring component, but also prevent the surging of water ripples from causing ups and downs to the water level monitoring component, thereby improving the accuracy of water level monitoring. By providing an auxiliary floating frame on the outer surface of the protective tube, the protective tube can adaptively adjust the protection height according to the water level changes, thereby improving the protection range of the water level monitoring component, solving the problem that the protective mechanism used to protect the water level monitoring component in the prior art is generally fixed and its protection range cannot be adjusted, so that when the water level changes by a large amplitude, its protective mechanism cannot play a corresponding protection function.

[0008] (II) Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an automatic monitoring device for dam water level based on the buoyancy principle, comprising a column rod, the bottom end of which is fixedly connected to a fixing seat anchored to the bottom of the water, the outer surface of which is provided with a water level monitoring component for floating on the water surface for water level detection and a protective cylinder for protecting the water level monitoring component, and the water level monitoring component is located inside the protective cylinder;

[0010] An auxiliary floating frame is provided on the outer surface of the protective tube, and the auxiliary floating frame is used to adjust the height of the protective position of the protective tube according to the change of water level.

[0011] Preferably, the water level monitoring assembly comprises a detection floating frame movably mounted on the outer surface of the column rod, the outer surface of the column rod is provided with scale patterns, and a camera is mounted on the detection floating frame via a protective cover.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the protective tube is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve via a connecting frame, and the sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the outer surface of the column rod in an up-and-down sliding manner;

[0013] The interior of the column rod is hollow, and at least two groups of locking pieces for locking the sliding sleeve are arranged inside the column rod.

[0014] Preferably, the locking member comprises two T-shaped latches arranged inside the column rod, two locking holes are provided between the column rod and the inside of the sliding sleeve, and the T-shaped latches are used to be inserted into the overlapping locking holes by the extrusion force of the spring group;

[0015] The top of the detection floating frame is fixedly connected with a guide sleeve block through a support rod. The guide sleeve block slides up and down and is used to drive the camera to move up and down and to unlock one of the locking pieces. The two locking pieces are connected through a driving shaft.

[0016] Preferably, a circular plate is fixedly connected inside the column rod, the drive shaft is slidably connected inside the circular plate in a vertical sliding manner, and both T-shaped pins of the locking member are hinged to the drive shaft through hinge frames.

[0017] Preferably, the spring group includes a compression spring fixed to the bottom of the circular plate, and the bottom end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

[0018] Preferably, an auxiliary monitoring component is provided at the bottom end of the column rod, and the auxiliary monitoring component includes an ultrasonic detector for detecting the sediment accumulation thickness.

[0019] Preferably, a control component is provided at the top end of the column rod for controlling the water level monitoring component and the auxiliary monitoring component;

[0020] The control component includes a control box fixed to the top of the column rod and a photovoltaic panel fixed to the top of the control box.

[0021] (III) Beneficial effects

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a dam water level automatic monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Through the setting of the water level monitoring component, the present invention is used to monitor the height of the water surface in real time by using the buoyancy principle. Through the setting of the protective cylinder, it is used to protect the water level monitoring component. It can not only effectively prevent the impact interference of waterborne garbage on the water level monitoring component, but also prevent the undulating interference of water ripples on the water level monitoring component, thereby improving the accuracy of water level monitoring. By providing an auxiliary floating frame on the outer surface of the protective cylinder, the protective cylinder can adaptively adjust the protection height according to the water level change, thereby increasing the protection range of its water level monitoring component, and solving the problem that the protection mechanism for protecting the water level monitoring component in the prior art is generally fixed and its protection range is not adjustable, so that when the water level changes greatly, the protection mechanism cannot play the corresponding protection function.

[0024] 2. The present invention can protect the two gaps by setting the shielding cover, so that the water undercurrent in the water bottom will not interfere with the toggle plate, thereby ensuring the stability of the toggle plate. On the contrary, by driving the shielding cover upward, the two gaps can be fully expanded, so that the toggle plate is in the path driven by the water undercurrent. The inclined toggle plate can be driven by the water undercurrent to move the toggle plate upward, thereby driving the movable pad to be lifted upward, thereby positioning the height of the movable pad to prevent the problem that the movable pad cannot be in the uppermost position of the sediment layer in real time when the sediment layer gradually accumulates, further improving the convenience of subsequent sediment layer thickness detection, having a good sediment thickness detection function, thereby improving the actual data of water level detection, and preventing the problem that the accuracy of water level detection data is affected by the presence of the sediment layer.

[0025] 3. The present invention is connected to the control system inside the control box through an electric telescopic rod, which is used to drive the transmission rod to move up and down. The up and down movement of the transmission rod can drive the shielding cover to move up and down. The up and down movement of the shielding cover can start the auxiliary monitoring component, so that the auxiliary monitoring component can detect and process the thickness of the bottom sediment accumulation. By arranging scale patterns on the outer surface of the transmission rod, it is convenient to indicate the different positions of the scale sleeve through the protruding rod, and the sediment accumulation thickness can be intuitively understood by the naked eye. By understanding the thickness of the sediment accumulation, it has a variety of detection functions, which can prevent the problem that when the ultrasonic detector is used for detection, the detection is easily interfered with by different temperatures in the environment, thereby affecting the detection accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic monitoring device for dam water level based on the buoyancy principle of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the automatic monitoring device for dam water level based on the buoyancy principle of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 a cross-sectional side view of the middle protective tube;

[0029] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 a front view of a cross section of the middle protective tube;

[0030] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0031] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0032] Figure 7For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the auxiliary monitoring assembly;

[0033] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 1 Explosion diagram of the auxiliary monitoring component;

[0034] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 1 Partial cross-sectional view of the control assembly.

[0035] In the figure: 1. column rod; 2. fixed seat;

[0036] 3. Water level monitoring component; 31. Detection floating frame; 32. Protective cover; 33. Camera; 34. Guide sleeve block;

[0037] 4. Protective tube; 41. Auxiliary floating frame; 42. Sliding sleeve; 43. T-type latch; 44. Locking hole; 45. Driving shaft; 46. Circular plate; 47. Articulated frame; 48. Extrusion spring;

[0038] 5. Auxiliary monitoring component; 51. Ultrasonic detector; 52. Toggle plate; 53. Active pad; 54. Wrapping tube; 55. Notch; 56. Shielding cover; 57. Protruding rod;

[0039] 6. Control assembly; 61. Control box; 62. Photovoltaic panel; 63. Electric telescopic rod; 64. Transmission rod; 65. Scale sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Embodiment 1:

[0042] Refer to the attached Figures 1 to 9 , an automatic monitoring device for dam water level based on the buoyancy principle, comprising a column 1, the bottom end of the column 1 is fixedly connected to a fixing seat 2 anchored to the bottom of the water, the outer surface of the column 1 is provided with a water level monitoring component 3 for floating on the water surface for water level detection and a protective tube 4 for protecting the water level monitoring component 3, and the water level monitoring component 3 is located inside the protective tube 4;

[0043] Through the setting of the fixing base 2, it is convenient for the staff to fasten the bottom end of the column rod 1 to the bottom of the water bed by means of anchoring, ensuring the stability during its automatic monitoring work. Through the setting of the water level monitoring component 3, it is used to monitor the height of the water surface in real time by using the buoyancy principle. Through the setting of the protective cylinder 4, it is used to protect the water level monitoring component 3. It can not only effectively prevent the impact interference of waterborne garbage on the water level monitoring component 3, but also prevent the fluctuation interference of water ripples on the water level monitoring component 3, thereby improving the accuracy of water level monitoring;

[0044] An auxiliary floating frame 41 is arranged on the outer surface of the protective cylinder 4, and the auxiliary floating frame 41 is used to adjust the protection position height of the protective cylinder 4 according to the change of the water level;

[0045] By arranging the auxiliary floating frame 41 on the outer surface of the protective cylinder 4, the protective cylinder 4 can be adaptively adjusted in terms of protection height according to the water level change, thereby increasing the protection range of its water level monitoring component 3, and solving the problem that the protection mechanism for protecting the water level monitoring component 3 in the prior art is generally fixed and its protection range is non-adjustable, so that when the water level changes greatly, the protection mechanism cannot play the corresponding protection function.

[0046] Refer to the appendix Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the water level monitoring component 3 includes a detection floating frame 31 movably sleeved on the outer surface of the column rod 1. Scale lines are arranged on the outer surface of the column rod 1, and a camera 33 is installed on the detection floating frame 31 through a protective cover 32;

[0047] Through the setting of the detection floating frame 31, it is used to float on the water surface. By collecting data on the scale lines on the column rod 1 through the camera 33, the water level change situation can be understood in real time. Through the setting of the protective cover 32, it is used to protect the camera 33.

[0048] Refer to the appendix Figures 3 to 5 As shown in the figure, the bottom of the protective cylinder 4 is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve 42 through a connecting frame, and the sliding sleeve 42 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the column rod 1 in a vertical sliding manner; the inside of the column rod 1 is hollow, and at least two locking members for locking the sliding sleeve 42 are arranged inside the column rod 1;

[0049] Through the setting of the locking member, it is used to lock the sliding sleeve 42, ensuring the stability of the protective cylinder 4 in the water, thereby improving the protection effect of its water level monitoring component 3, and preventing the problem that the protective cylinder 4 floats due to the driving force of water ripples, causing the floating of the water level monitoring component 3 and thus affecting the accuracy of its water level detection;

[0050] By arranging at least two sets of locking pieces on the column rod 1, not only the adjustment of the protective tube 4 at different heights is met to form protective work at different heights, but also the stability of the protective work at different heights is ensured.

[0051] Refer to the attached Figures 3 to 6 The locking member includes two T-shaped latches 43 disposed inside the column rod 1, and two locking holes 44 are provided between the column rod 1 and the inside of the sliding sleeve 42, and the T-shaped latches 43 are used to be inserted into the overlapping locking holes 44 by the extrusion force of the spring group;

[0052] The spring assembly squeezes the T-shaped latch 43, so that the T-shaped latch 43 is deployed through the locking hole 44, thereby locking the sliding sleeve 42, thereby indirectly ensuring the stability of the protective tube 4 in the water;

[0053] The top of the detection floating frame 31 is fixedly connected with a guide sleeve 34 through a support rod. The guide sleeve 34 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the column rod 1 in an up-and-down sliding manner, and the camera 33 is installed on the top of the guide sleeve 34 through a protective cover 32. The up-and-down sliding guide sleeve 34 is used to drive the camera 33 to move up and down and to unlock one of the locking pieces. The two locking pieces are connected by a driving shaft 45.

[0054] As the water source height changes, the detection floating frame 31 can be driven to move up and down, and then the guide sleeve 34 can be driven to move up and down. The up and down movement of the guide sleeve 34 can not only drive the camera 33 to move up and down, but also the water level value can be understood by collecting scale values at different positions by the camera 33.

[0055] Moreover, when the guide sleeve 34 moves upward to a certain distance (the water level monitoring component 3 is about to be completely moved out of the protective tube 4), the guide sleeve 34 can squeeze the two T-shaped pins 43 in the upper locking piece, so that the two T-shaped pins 43 in the locking piece will shrink. Since the two locking pieces are connected by the drive shaft 45, the two locking pieces shrink synchronously, so that the sliding sleeve 42 loses its jamming. With the buoyancy of the auxiliary floating frame 41 itself, the protective tube 4 can be driven to move upward, so as to adjust the initial position of the protective tube 4, and then the water level monitoring component 3 is re-protected, which solves the problem in the prior art that the fixed installation and fixed size of the protective mechanism cannot play a new round of protection function due to the large fluctuation of the liquid level height, thereby affecting the accuracy of subsequent water level detection.

[0056] Refer to the attached Figure 5 and Figure 6 A circular plate 46 is fixedly connected to the interior of the column rod 1, and a driving shaft 45 is slidably connected to the interior of the circular plate 46 in an up-and-down sliding manner. The two T-shaped latches 43 of the locking member are hinged to the driving shaft 45 through a hinge frame 47;

[0057] By the up-and-down movement of the drive shaft 45, the two articulated frames 47 can be driven to move in a fan shape, and then the two articulated T-shaped pins 43 can be driven to move relative to or away from each other;

[0058] Through the relative movement of the two T-shaped pins 43, the locking of the sliding sleeve 42 can be released, so that the protective cylinder 4 cooperates with the auxiliary floating frame 41 to float in the water, forming the adjustment of the initial position of the protective cylinder 4;

[0059] On the contrary, through the movement of the two T-shaped pins 43 away from each other, they can be inserted into the locking holes 44 on the sliding sleeve 42, forming the locking between the sliding sleeve 42 and the column rod 1, indirectly ensuring the stability of the protective cylinder 4 during protection, preventing the protective cylinder 4 from floating in the water, and indirectly causing excessive floating of the water level monitoring component 3, thus affecting the accuracy of its water level detection.

[0060] Refer to the appendix Figure 6 The spring group includes a compression spring 48 fixed to the bottom of the circular plate 46, and the bottom end of the compression spring 48 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 45;

[0061] Through the arrangement of the compression spring 48, it is used to squeeze the drive shaft 45 downward, so that when the drive shaft 45 is not under any driving pressure, it moves downward, and then drives at least two groups of locking parts to expand and drive, forming the locking work of the sliding sleeve 42, and further ensuring the stability of the protective cylinder 4, preventing the protective cylinder 4 from floating in the water, causing excessive floating of the water level monitoring component 3, thus affecting the accuracy of its water level detection.

[0062] Embodiment 2: Different from Embodiment 1; Refer to the appendix Figures 7 to 9 An auxiliary monitoring component 5 is arranged at the bottom end of the column rod 1. The auxiliary monitoring component 5 includes an ultrasonic detector 51 for detecting the thickness of sediment accumulation; a dial plate 52 and a movable cushion plate 53 are sequentially sleeved on the outer surface of the bottom end of the column rod 1 from top to bottom. The dial plate 52 is fixedly connected to the movable cushion plate 53 through a connecting rod. The ultrasonic detector 51 is arranged inside the movable cushion plate 53, and the dial plate 52 is arranged in an inclined shape; Through the arrangement of the dial plate 52, it is used to utilize the driving force of the underwater undercurrent to calibrate the height of the movable cushion plate 53 in real time, preventing sediment from accumulating on the movable cushion plate 53 and affecting its normal sediment thickness detection; A wrapping cylinder 54 for wrapping the dial plate 52 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column rod 1. Two notches 55 are opened at the bottom of the wrapping cylinder 54, and a shielding cover 56 that can move up and down is slidably connected to the outer surface of the wrapping cylinder 54. The shielding cover 56 is used to shield the two notches 55; By setting the shielding cover 56, the two notches 55 can be protected, so that the undercurrent of water in the water bottom will not interfere with the toggle plate 52, and thus the stability of the toggle plate 52 can be ensured. On the contrary, by driving the shielding cover 56 upward, the two notches 55 can be fully opened, so that the toggle plate 52 is in the path of the undercurrent driving. By the driving of the undercurrent, the inclined toggle plate 52 can be driven to move upward, so that the movable cushion plate 53 can be driven to lift upward, thereby positioning the height of the movable cushion plate 53, preventing the problem that the movable cushion plate 53 cannot be at the uppermost position of the sediment layer in real time when the sediment layer gradually accumulates, further improving the convenience of subsequent sediment layer thickness detection, having a good sediment thickness detection function, and further improving the actual data of water level detection, preventing the problem that the existence of the sediment layer affects the accuracy of water level detection data; By detecting the distance between the fixed seats 2 through the ultrasonic detector 51, the sediment thickness value can be obtained; Specific principle: The propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the air is known, about 340 m / s (under standard atmospheric pressure and temperature). The detector can calculate the propagation distance of ultrasonic waves by measuring the time difference (Δt) from the emission to the reception of the ultrasonic pulse. The calculation formula is:

[0069] Among them:

[0070] d is the total distance of the ultrasonic wave from the transmitter to the fixed seat 2 and then back to the receiver.

[0071] c is the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the sediment layer (about 340 m / s).

[0072] Δt is the time difference from the emission to the reception of the ultrasonic wave.

[0073] Since the ultrasonic pulse is the round-trip distance from the transmitter to the water surface and then back to the receiver, the actual water level height h is half of the total distance:

[0074] Embodiment 3: Different from Embodiment 1;

[0075] Refer to the appendix Figures 7 to 9A control component 6 for controlling the water level monitoring component 3 and the auxiliary monitoring component 5 is disposed at the top of the column 1; the control component 6 comprises a control box 61 fixed to the top of the column 1 and a photovoltaic panel 62 fixed to the top of the control box 61, and a wireless transceiver module, an image processing module, a battery and a control module are disposed inside the control box 61;

[0076] When the water level changes, the water level and sediment thickness are detected by the water level monitoring component 3 and the auxiliary monitoring component 5, and the signal is transmitted to the data processing unit and the image processing module for processing, and sent to the monitoring terminal through the wireless transceiver module;

[0077] One side of the control box 61 is fixedly connected to an electric telescopic rod 63 through a housing, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 63 is fixedly connected to the shielding cover 56 through a transmission rod 64;

[0078] The electric telescopic rod 63 is connected to the control system inside the control box 61 to drive the transmission rod 64 to move up and down. The up and down movement of the transmission rod 64 can drive the shielding cover 56 to move up and down. Through the up and down movement of the shielding cover 56, the auxiliary monitoring component 5 can be started, so that the auxiliary monitoring component 5 can detect the thickness of the bottom sediment accumulation;

[0079] A protruding rod 57 is fixedly connected to the toggle plate 52, and a scale sleeve 65 is installed on the outer surface of the top end of the transmission rod 64;

[0080] By providing a scale sleeve 65 on the outer surface of the transmission rod 64, it is convenient to indicate different positions of the scale sleeve 65 through the protruding rod 57, so that the thickness of the silt accumulation can be intuitively understood by the naked eye. By understanding the thickness of the silt accumulation, the actual height of the water level can be understood, thereby improving the accuracy of water level detection; and preventing the problem that when the ultrasonic detector 51 is used for detection, the different temperatures in the environment may easily interfere with the detection and affect the detection accuracy.

[0081] It should be noted that the term "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device that includes the element.

[0082] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle, comprising a column rod (1), and a fixed seat (2) for anchoring with the bottom of the water is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the column rod (1), characterized in that: The outer surface of the upright pole (1) is provided with a water level monitoring component (3) for floating on the water surface to detect the water level and a protective tube (4) for protecting the water level monitoring component (3), and the water level monitoring component (3) is located inside the protective tube (4); An auxiliary floating frame (41) is provided on the outer surface of the protective tube (4), and the auxiliary floating frame (41) is used to adjust the height of the protective position of the protective tube (4) according to changes in water level.

2. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level monitoring assembly (3) comprises a detection floating frame (31) movably sleeved on the outer surface of the column rod (1), the outer surface of the column rod (1) is provided with scale lines, and a camera (33) is installed on the detection floating frame (31) via a protective cover (32).

3. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the protective tube (4) is fixedly connected to a sliding sleeve (42) via a connecting frame, and the sliding sleeve (42) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the column rod (1) in an up-and-down sliding manner; The interior of the column rod (1) is hollow, and at least two groups of locking pieces for locking the sliding sleeve (42) are arranged inside the column rod (1).

4. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking member comprises two T-shaped latches (43) arranged inside the column rod (1), two locking holes (44) are provided between the column rod (1) and the inside of the sliding sleeve (42), and the T-shaped latches (43) are used to be inserted into the overlapping locking holes (44) by the squeezing force of the spring group; The top of the detection floating frame (31) is fixedly connected to a guide sleeve (34) via a support rod. The guide sleeve (34) slides up and down and is used to drive the camera (33) to move up and down and to unlock one of the locking pieces. The two locking pieces are connected by a driving shaft (45).

5. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 4, characterized in that: A circular plate (46) is fixedly connected to the interior of the column rod (1), the driving shaft (45) is slidably connected to the interior of the circular plate (46) in an up-and-down sliding manner, and the two T-shaped latches (43) of the locking member are hinged to the driving shaft (45) via an articulated frame (47).

6. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spring assembly comprises a compression spring (48) fixed to the bottom of the circular plate (46), and the bottom end of the compression spring (48) is fixedly connected to the driving shaft (45).

7. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary monitoring component (5) is provided at the bottom end of the column rod (1), and the auxiliary monitoring component (5) comprises an ultrasonic detector (51) for detecting the thickness of sediment accumulation.

8. The automatic dam water level monitoring device based on the buoyancy principle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top end of the column rod (1) is provided with a control component (6) for controlling the water level monitoring component (3) and the auxiliary monitoring component (5); The control assembly (6) comprises a control box (61) fixed to the top of the column rod (1) and a photovoltaic panel (62) fixed to the top of the control box (61).

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