Urban water management system, method and integrated control terminal based on distributed control

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of urban water management. A distributed control-based urban water management system, method, and integrated control terminal are provided, comprising: a distributed main controller, an integrated control terminal, and a field device layer. The integrated control terminal monitors communication frames of a communication network in real time. When the distributed main controller implements control over a device, the integrated control terminal determines the type of control task currently being performed by the distributed main controller. Each control task type corresponds to basic command data. When a fault in the distributed main controller is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined based on the type of control task immediately before the fault, and the basic command control frames are formed to perform real-time control of the operating device, thereby achieving higher-precision urban water management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban water management, and in particular to an urban water management system, method and integrated control terminal based on distributed control. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Today's urban water supply systems encompass not only vast networks for water intake, purification, transportation, and distribution, but also complex processes such as water quality monitoring, leakage control, and emergency response. These links are closely interconnected, forming a vast and complex system. Oversight in any one link can impact the stability and safety of the entire water supply system. As urban water supply systems grow in complexity and scale, traditional water resource management methods are no longer able to meet the needs of modern cities.

[0004] In existing technologies, urban water management systems usually adopt decentralized monitoring and control methods, which have the following problems: (1) There are data islands in the water supply system, and there is a lack of effective data sharing and collaboration between subsystems, resulting in low management efficiency; (2) The water supply system is not reliable enough, with a high failure rate and a lack of effective failure prediction and maintenance mechanisms; (3) The water supply system is weak in security, vulnerable to network attacks or human damage, and lacks comprehensive security protection; (4) The water supply system has serious resource waste, a high leakage rate, and low water resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a city water management system, method and integrated control terminal based on distributed control, which adopts a distributed main controller (i.e., DCS main controller) as the core control unit, responsible for data acquisition, processing and issuing control instructions. Combined with the integrated control terminal, it can effectively avoid data islands, improve the reliability of the entire management system, reduce the system failure rate, improve the system security, avoid resource waste, improve water resource utilization, and achieve more accurate and safer city water management.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a city water management system based on distributed control.

[0008] A distributed control-based urban water management system comprises: a distributed main controller, an integrated control terminal, and a field device layer, wherein the field device layer is used to collect data from the urban water supply network, the field device layer is respectively connected to the distributed main controller and the integrated control terminal, and the distributed main controller is connected to the integrated control terminal;

[0009] The integrated control terminal is configured to: monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time, and when the distributed main controller implements control of the analog signal communication card and the digital signal communication card, determine the type of control task currently being performed by the distributed main controller. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data. When a distributed main controller failure is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the failure, and a basic command control frame is formed to perform real-time control of the working card.

[0010] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the field device layer includes: a smart water meter, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a valve controller. The digital signal devices in the field device layer are connected to the digital signal communication card component, and the analog signal devices in the field device layer are connected to the analog signal communication card component. The communication network is respectively connected to the distributed main controller, the integrated control terminal, the analog signal communication card component, and the digital signal communication card component. During specific operation, the distributed main controller directly controls the digital signal communication card component and the analog signal communication card component through the communication network, and the digital signal communication card component and the analog signal communication card component then control the digital devices and analog devices.

[0011] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the distributed main controller adopts a redundant design, including a main controller and a sub-controller. The sub-controller only communicates with the main controller to ensure that the main controller is in normal working condition. When the control of the main controller is abnormal, the sub-controller immediately takes over the control and restarts the main controller.

[0012] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the integrated control terminal monitors the communication frames in the communication network and periodically sends heartbeat frames to each device including the distributed main controller. Once the heartbeat frame of a device is not responded to, the integrated control terminal starts the fault diagnosis process and repeatedly inquires the device. If no response is received after repeated inquiries for a set time, it is determined that the current device has a fault and an alarm message is sent to the distributed main controller.

[0013] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the basic command data is a shutdown command data. When the distributed main control fails, the integrated control terminal replaces the main controller and safely shuts down the working controlled card components (including digital signal communication card components and analog signal communication card components) according to the shutdown command data.

[0014] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the distributed main controller caches the received flow data and detects the cached flow data. When an anomaly is detected, the abnormal location is determined, and the process data within a set time period at the determined abnormal location is Fourier transformed to obtain spectrum information. Based on the spectrum information, it is determined whether a leakage occurs at the abnormal location.

[0015] When a leak is initially determined to have occurred, a verification instruction is sent to the controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point. The controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point calculates the spectrum information of its own cached data within a larger time range and finally determines the leakage location.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for urban water management based on distributed control.

[0017] A method for urban water management based on distributed control, applied to an integrated control terminal, includes the following processes:

[0018] Monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time to obtain the types of control tasks performed by the distributed master controller when controlling the equipment. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data.

[0019] When a distributed main controller failure is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the failure, and a basic command control frame is formed to perform real-time control on the working equipment.

[0020] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, communication frames in the communication network are monitored, and heartbeat frames are periodically sent to each device including the distributed master controller. Once the heartbeat frame of a device is not replied, a fault diagnosis process is initiated to repeatedly query the device;

[0021] If no response is received after repeated inquiries within the set time, it is determined that the current device has failed and an alarm message is sent to the distributed main controller.

[0022] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, the basic command data is shutdown command data. When the distributed main control fails, the working controlled card is safely shut down according to the shutdown command data.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an integrated control terminal, including a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the following process:

[0024] Monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time to obtain the types of control tasks performed by the distributed master controller when controlling the equipment. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data.

[0025] When a distributed main controller failure is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the failure, and a basic command control frame is formed to perform real-time control on the working equipment.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention innovatively proposes a distributed control-based urban water management system, method, and integrated control terminal. This system uses a distributed master controller (i.e., a DCS master controller) as the core control unit, responsible for data acquisition, processing, and issuing control instructions. Combined with an integrated control terminal (i.e., a RAMS control terminal) that integrates reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety, this system achieves higher-precision urban water management, effectively avoids data silos, improves the reliability of the entire management system, reduces system failure rates, enhances system security, avoids resource waste, and improves water resource utilization.

[0028] 2. The integrated control terminal of the present invention monitors the communication frames of the communication network in real time. When the distributed main controller implements control over the equipment, it determines the type of control task currently being performed by the distributed main controller. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data. When a fault of the distributed main controller is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the fault, and the basic command control frame is composed to perform real-time control of the working equipment, thereby ensuring the stability and security of the system.

[0029] 3. The distributed main controller described in the present invention adopts a redundant design, including a main controller and a sub-controller. The sub-controller only communicates with the main controller to ensure that the main controller is in normal working condition. When the control of the main controller is abnormal, the sub-controller immediately takes over the control and restarts the main controller. Through the redundant design, the interruption of system control is avoided and the continuity of water supply system control is guaranteed.

[0030] 4. The integrated control terminal of the present invention monitors the communication frames in the communication network and sends heartbeat frames to each device including the distributed main controller at regular intervals. Once the heartbeat frame of a certain device is not replied, the integrated control terminal starts the fault diagnosis process and repeatedly inquires the device. If no reply is received after repeated inquiries for a set time, it is determined that the current device has a fault and an alarm message is sent to the distributed main controller. By monitoring all devices including the distributed main controller, comprehensive fault detection is effectively achieved.

[0031] 5. The distributed main controller of the present invention caches the received flow data and detects the cached flow data. When an abnormality is detected, the abnormal location point is determined, and the flow data within the set time period of the determined abnormal location point is Fourier transformed to obtain spectrum information. According to the spectrum information, it is determined whether a leakage occurs at this abnormal location point; when it is preliminarily determined that a leakage occurs, a verification instruction is sent to the controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point. The controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point calculates the spectrum information of its own cached data within a larger time range, and finally determines the leakage location. Through the joint use of the distributed main controller and each controlled card component, more accurate identification of the leakage location is achieved.

[0032] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a distributed control urban water management system provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is an architectural diagram of the integrated control terminal (i.e., RAMS control terminal) provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 Flowchart of the algorithm for leakage detection and location provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of anomaly detection provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a method for urban water management based on distributed control provided in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0041] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] This implementation proposes a distributed control urban water management system, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the distributed main controller (i.e. DCS main controller) uses the distributed control system (DCS) as the core control unit, responsible for data acquisition, processing and issuing control instructions; the field equipment layer includes smart water meters, flow sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, valve controllers, etc., which are used to collect data from the water supply network in real time; the communication network uses a hybrid communication method of wired (such as optical fiber) and wireless (such as LoRa, NB-IoT) to ensure the stability and real-time performance of data transmission. Figure 2 As shown, the integrated control terminal (i.e., RAMS control terminal) integrates the reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety management systems for system performance optimization and risk control. This invention collects water consumption, pressure, temperature, and other data in real time through the on-site equipment layer and transmits it to the DCS master controller. It utilizes the data processing capabilities of the DCS system, combined with the RAMS control terminal, to perform intelligent analysis of the water supply network and optimize water supply strategies. The reliability analysis module in the RAMS control terminal predicts equipment failures and generates maintenance plans, reducing system downtime. Based on data analysis algorithms, it quickly identifies and locates pipe network leaks, reducing water waste. The security module in the RAMS system provides network and physical security protection to prevent system attacks or damage.

[0044] In this implementation, preferably, reliability refers to ensuring the stability of the system in long-term operation through redundant design and fault self-diagnosis function; availability refers to adopting a high-availability architecture to ensure that the system can still provide basic services in the event of a fault; maintainability refers to providing remote maintenance and automated diagnosis functions to reduce maintenance costs and time; safety refers to integrating network security protocols (such as SSL / TLS) and physical security measures (such as access control) to ensure the security of system data and equipment.

[0045] The specific working process of this implementation method includes: data acquisition: the on-site equipment layer collects water supply network data in real time and transmits it to the DCS main controller through the communication network; data processing: the DCS main controller processes and analyzes the data to generate control instructions and optimization strategies; RAMS evaluation: the RAMS control terminal evaluates system performance, identifies potential risks and generates improvement suggestions; control execution: the DCS main controller issues control instructions to adjust valve opening, pump station operating status, etc.; leakage location: through real-time data analysis, leakage detection and fault location.

[0046] More specifically, the DCS main controller uses a high-performance industrial processing controller that supports multi-task parallel processing. In order to further enhance the security of the system, a redundant design is adopted, that is, two DCS main controllers are used for real-time control at the same time, one of which serves as the main controller to provide real-time control; the other serves as a slave controller, which only communicates with the main controller to ensure that the main controller is working normally and does not participate in real-time control. Once the main controller control is abnormal, the slave controller will immediately take over the bus control and restart the main controller. The redundant design improves the control stability of the entire system. It should be noted that Figure 1 Both devices are labeled "DCS Master Controller." This designation doesn't necessarily indicate whether they function as master or slave controllers. In practice, the master or slave role is determined by a random algorithm. Each time the device is powered on, one is randomly assigned as master and the other as slave. Obviously, the master controller handles significantly more work than the slave. This randomized master / slave design ensures that both devices age at the same level.

[0047] In this implementation, high-precision sensors and smart water meters are used at the field device layer to ensure the accuracy of data collection. There are many types of these devices, and any device that meets industrial communication specifications can be connected to the communication card, so that the DCS main controller can collect data and control it in real time. In this invention, two types of communication cards are provided to connect to the field devices. The digital signal communication card is specifically used to process the communication of field devices whose input and output are digital signals, and the analog signal communication card is specifically used to process the communication of field devices whose input and output are analog signals.

[0048] In this implementation, preferably, the communication network adopts a hybrid communication mode to ensure the stability and coverage of data transmission, in addition to Figure 1 In addition to the wired connections shown in , the communication network can also receive wireless signals to communicate with on-site devices that support wireless communication.

[0049] The RAMS control terminal is a device specifically used for RAMS management. It ensures system reliability by providing fault self-diagnosis function. It has the function of collecting and transmitting basic commands in the event of a fault to ensure system availability. It has an embedded remote upgrade and maintenance module to ensure system maintainability. It ensures system security through network security protocols and physical security measures. The specific measures for RAMS management by the RAMS control terminal are as follows: Figure 2 is described in .

[0050] In this implementation, fault self-diagnosis is realized based on the RAMS control terminal, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the RAMS control terminal monitors the communication frames in the communication network at any time during the operation of the entire system, and regularly sends heartbeat frames to each device on the bus to ensure that each device is working normally. Once the heartbeat frame of a device is not responded to, the RAMS control terminal will start the fault diagnosis process and repeatedly query the card. If there is no response after repeated queries for a set time, it is determined that the card is currently faulty and an alarm information is immediately sent to the DCS main controller.

[0051] The fault self-diagnosis flow chart of the RAMS control terminal is as follows: Figure 4As shown, it should be noted that the use of heartbeat frames to confirm device status and diagnose faults is common in the prior art, but most of the functions of the prior art are integrated into the main controller. Obviously, the existing fault detection technology integrated in the main controller cannot detect faults of the main controller itself. The advantage of the present invention is that in addition to the heartbeat frame fault detection independent of the main controller, a dedicated RAMS control terminal is established, which also uses heartbeat frame technology to monitor the working status of all devices on the bus (including the DCS main controller) in real time, and can detect main controller faults that cannot be identified in the prior art, thereby improving the reliability of the entire system. In addition, this implementation method also reduces the monitoring and status confirmation burden of the main controller to a certain extent, and improves the work efficiency of the DCS main controller in control and data algorithm processing.

[0052] In this implementation, the RAMS control terminal monitors the communication frames of the communication network in real time during system operation. Therefore, it can determine the type of control task currently being performed by the DCS main controller when the DCS main controller implements control of the card component. According to different control task types, the RAMS control terminal stores basic command data when the main controller fails. When a DCS main controller failure is detected, the RAMS control terminal will immediately select the corresponding basic command data based on the type of control task of the main controller at the moment before the failure, and compose a basic command control frame to control the working card component in real time. These commands are generally commands to shut down the card component (digital signal communication card component and analog signal communication card component). When the main controller fails, the RAMS control terminal will safely shut down other working cards on behalf of the main controller to avoid danger to the card component due to not receiving the correct control command.

[0053] In this implementation, preferably, a remote upgrade and maintenance module is integrated in the RAMS control terminal, so that the system can be upgraded and maintained online through wireless communication. Users can view the version information of each card component of the device at any place where they can connect to the network and upgrade the card component version at any time. For the RAMS control terminal itself, it is connected to the network and automatically upgrades the version according to the remote network command; for the DCS main controller and other cards, after the RAMS control terminal receives the upgrade information, it upgrades the main controller and other cards through the communication network.

[0054] In this implementation, preferably, dedicated data encryption is used for data transmission when the RAMS control terminal accesses the network to ensure the security of the system information transmission content. At the same time, in order to protect the system from attacks from the network, the RAMS control terminal has a communication handshake frame. The RAMS control terminal will only receive data from the source of successful handshake data. These methods ensure the security of the system's communication on the network.

[0055] In this implementation, preferably, the RAMS control terminal has a built-in energy storage device, which can maintain the RAMS equipment working for at least 48 hours in the event of a power outage. During this period, the RAMS control terminal will record and save the bus monitoring data before the power outage to ensure that the system status is restored when it is powered on again. This physical safety measure ensures that the system can maintain the same working status as before after power failure and restart.

[0056] In this implementation, preferably, the software of the DCS main controller supports real-time data processing and control instruction issuance to perform leakage detection and positioning. The processing flow chart of the leakage detection algorithm is shown in Figure 3 It is reflected in the data. When the DCS main controller is running, in addition to issuing control commands to each card component, it also receives and processes the data fed back by the card component in real time. During this period, the DCS main controller will cache the received data and analyze the data type. The DCS main controller will cache the flow data fed back from the field equipment layer and perform real-time detection on these data. Once an abnormality occurs in the data detection, the cached data of the period will be screened through the leakage detection algorithm to confirm whether a leakage has actually occurred. Among them, data detection is achieved by calculating the total flow and the branch flow. For a certain summary point, its total flow should be equal to the sum of the flows of its downstream branch nodes. Once a leakage occurs, the calculated value will deviate from the actual value. By analyzing the data of different summary points layer by layer, the location of the leakage can be found.

[0057] However, in actual use, users' water use is randomly turned on and off. Using only the above-mentioned total flow and sub-flow calculations, the calculated data results at certain moments are affected by the water switches at different locations, making the calculated values ​​difficult to analyze. Therefore, after detecting an anomaly in the data, a leakage detection algorithm is used to accurately determine whether a leak has occurred. Although users' water switches are random, leakage is a continuous process. At the location where the data anomaly is detected, a time period of data is extracted from the flow data cached at that location by the main controller. This data is then Fourier transformed to obtain spectral information. Due to the continuous nature of the leakage flow data, its spectrum will appear particularly sharp at a certain frequency. The randomness of users turning water on and off does not affect this sharp value.

[0058] The present invention utilizes the above characteristics to design and develop a leakage detection algorithm, specifically including:

[0059] Extract the flow data of the abnormal location within a specific time period from the main controller cache, perform Fourier transform on the extracted flow data, convert it from the time domain to the frequency domain, obtain spectrum information, and extract key features from the spectrum information, such as frequency peaks and spectrum energy distribution. Pay special attention to whether there are sharp peaks in the spectrum, because the spectrum of leaked flow data will appear particularly sharp at a certain frequency.

[0060] When designing a neural network model, the number of neurons in the input layer should match the number of extracted spectral features, using the spectral features as input data. Multiple hidden layers should be designed, with each layer containing an appropriate number of neurons. Activation functions such as ReLU can be used to enhance the model's nonlinear fitting capabilities. The number of hidden layers and neurons can be adjusted based on experimental results to achieve optimal detection results. The output layer contains a single neuron to indicate the presence of leakage. A Sigmoid activation function can be used to constrain the output value to between 0 and 1, representing the probability of leakage.

[0061] Training the neural network model involves collecting traffic data with known leakage and normal conditions, performing a Fourier transform on it, and extracting spectral features to use as training samples. Leakage data is labeled 1, and normal data is labeled 0. A binary cross-entropy loss function is used to measure the difference between the model's output probability and the true label. An appropriate optimization algorithm, such as the Adam optimizer, is selected to adjust the neural network's weights and biases to minimize the loss function. The training data is then fed into the neural network model, and the output values ​​are calculated through forward propagation. The loss function is then calculated, and the model parameters are updated using the backpropagation algorithm. Training is repeated until the loss function converges or the preset number of training rounds is reached.

[0062] The leak detection algorithm verifies the existence of a water leak. If a leak occurs, a leak investigation begins. The DCS main controller issues a verification command to the control card that verifies the leak location inferred by the algorithm. The control card then checks leakage data over a longer period of time based on the DCS main controller's command to locate the leak. Digital and analog communication cards verify leaks in the same way as controllers, except that since these cards manage far fewer devices than the DCS main controller, they can store flow data over a longer period of time, resulting in more accurate leakage calculations. After the leak is confirmed and located, the card sends an alarm command to the DCS main controller, which triggers an alarm. The DCS main controller's alarm information is displayed through the human-machine interface and persists until manually confirmed. During the alarm period, the DCS main controller's alarm indicator flashes continuously.

[0063] The present invention significantly improves the management efficiency of the water supply system through the centralized control of the DCS system and the comprehensive protection of the RAMS system; the redundant design and fault prediction function of the present invention ensure the long-term stable operation of the system; the multi-layer security protection mechanism of the present invention effectively prevents the system from being attacked or damaged; the present invention reduces water resource waste and operating costs through leakage detection and optimized water supply strategy; the present invention realizes comprehensive monitoring and efficient management of the urban water supply network through intelligent and automated means, has high reliability, high security and low cost, and can be applied to the water supply management needs of modern cities.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, this implementation provides a method for urban water management based on distributed control, which is applied to an integrated control terminal and includes the following processes:

[0066] S1: Monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time to obtain the types of control tasks performed by the distributed master controller when controlling the equipment. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data.

[0067] S2: When a distributed main controller failure is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the failure, and a basic command control frame is formed to perform real-time control on the working equipment.

[0068] The detailed working method is shown in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0069] This implementation also proposes an integrated control terminal, including a processor, which is configured to execute the above-mentioned process of the distributed control urban water management method.

[0070] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A city water management system based on distributed control, It is characterized by: It includes: a distributed main controller, an integrated control terminal and a field device layer, wherein the field device layer is used to collect data of the urban water supply network, the field device layer is respectively connected to the distributed main controller and the integrated control terminal, and the distributed main controller is connected to the integrated control terminal; The integrated control terminal is configured to monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time, and when the distributed main controller implements the control of the analog signal communication card component and the digital signal communication card component, determine the type of control task currently being performed by the distributed main controller, each type of control task corresponding to basic command data, and when a fault of the distributed main controller is detected, determine the corresponding basic command data according to the type of control task at the moment before the fault, and form a basic command control frame to perform real-time control of the working device; The basic command data is the shutdown command data. When the distributed main control fails, the integrated control terminal replaces the main controller and safely shuts down the working controlled card according to the shutdown command data. The distributed main controller caches the received flow data and detects the cached flow data. When an anomaly is detected, the abnormal location is determined, and the process data within a set time period at the determined abnormal location is Fourier transformed to obtain spectrum information. Based on the spectrum information, it is determined whether a leakage occurs at the abnormal location. When a leak is initially determined to have occurred, a verification instruction is sent to the controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point. The controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point calculates the spectrum information of its own cached data within a larger time range and finally determines the leakage location.

2. The distributed control urban water management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field equipment layer includes: smart water meters, flow sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and valve controllers. The digital signal equipment in the field equipment layer is connected to the digital signal communication card component, and the analog signal equipment in the field equipment layer is connected to the analog signal communication card component. The communication network is respectively connected to the distributed main controller, the integrated control terminal, the analog signal communication card component and the digital signal communication card component.

3. The distributed control urban water management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed main controller adopts a redundant design, including a main controller and a sub-controller. The sub-controller only communicates with the main controller to ensure that the main controller works normally. When the control of the main controller is abnormal, the sub-controller immediately takes over the control and restarts the main controller.

4. The distributed control urban water management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated control terminal monitors the communication frames in the communication network and sends heartbeat frames to each device including the distributed main controller at regular intervals. Once the heartbeat frame of a device is not responded, the integrated control terminal starts the fault diagnosis process and repeatedly inquires the device. If no response is received after repeated inquiries for a set time, it is determined that the current device has a fault and an alarm message is sent to the distributed main controller.

5. A method for managing urban water use based on distributed control, used in the urban water use management system based on distributed control as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Applied to integrated control terminals, including the following processes: Monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time to obtain the types of control tasks performed by the distributed master controller when controlling the equipment. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data. When a distributed main controller failure is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the failure, and a basic command control frame is formed to perform real-time control on the working equipment; The basic command data is a shutdown command data. When the distributed main control fails, the working controlled card is safely shut down according to the shutdown command data. The distributed main controller caches the received flow data and detects the cached flow data. When an anomaly is detected, the abnormal location is determined, and the process data within a set time period at the determined abnormal location is Fourier transformed to obtain spectrum information. Based on the spectrum information, it is determined whether a leakage occurs at the abnormal location. When a leak is initially determined to have occurred, a verification instruction is sent to the controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point. The controlled card corresponding to the abnormal location point calculates the spectrum information of its own cached data within a larger time range and finally determines the leakage location.

6. The method for urban water management based on distributed control according to claim 5, characterized in that: Monitors communication frames in the communication network and periodically sends heartbeat frames to each device, including the distributed master controller. If a device's heartbeat frame is not responded to, the fault diagnosis process is initiated and the device is repeatedly queried. If no response is received after repeated inquiries within the set time, it is determined that the current device has failed and an alarm message is sent to the distributed main controller.

7. An integrated control terminal, used in the distributed control-based urban water management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The system comprises a processor configured to execute the following process: Monitor the communication frames of the communication network in real time to obtain the types of control tasks performed by the distributed master controller when controlling the equipment. Each type of control task corresponds to basic command data. When a distributed main controller failure is detected, the corresponding basic command data is determined according to the type of control task at the moment before the failure, and a basic command control frame is formed to perform real-time control on the working equipment.

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