Non-excavation cable duct bank protection device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of cutting tools, and discloses a trenchless cable duct bank protection device which is realized through the following technical scheme: the trenchless cable duct bank protection device comprises a pipe pillow, a plurality of positioning grooves are formed in the outer wall of the pipe pillow, a plurality of pipe holes are formed in the middle of the pipe pillow, and steel bar penetrating holes are symmetrically formed in the middle of the pipe pillow; an HDPE pipeline is arranged in a pipe hole of the pipe pillow, a plurality of integrated sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the HDPE pipeline, silica gel is arranged on the inner wall of the HDPE pipeline, and the packaging technology of the silica gel is of the IP68 protection grade. Through omnibearing real-time monitoring of the operation state of the cable, key data such as stress, temperature, humidity and the like of the cable can be timely and accurately obtained, a reliable basis is provided for subsequent cable health degree evaluation, the influence of environmental interference on the monitoring data is effectively eliminated, and the stability and accuracy of the monitoring data are ensured. The problem of inaccurate monitoring data of a traditional cable is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable protection, and specifically to a trenchless cable duct protection device and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] In urban infrastructure construction, the stability of power supply is a key factor to ensure the normal operation of society. With the continuous development of cities, the utilization of underground space is becoming more and more in-depth. Trenchless cable duct technology has become an important way for cable laying due to its advantages such as little impact on urban traffic and environment. However, the existing trenchless cable ducts face many technical problems in the actual application process.

[0003] The traditional cable monitoring system lacks an effective mechanism to eliminate environmental interference. Environmental factors, such as surrounding electromagnetic fields, temperature changes, etc., will interfere with the data collected by sensors, resulting in inaccurate data, and further affecting the judgment of the cable operation status. At the same time, due to the lack of an accurate temperature compensation algorithm, in an environment with large temperature fluctuations, the stress data measured by the sensors has a large error and cannot truly reflect the stress condition of the cable. The previous sensor layout and installation methods were not reasonable enough. It is difficult for the sensors to closely fit the cable duct, and it is impossible to accurately obtain the key data of cable operation, resulting in deviations in the monitoring results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a trenchless cable duct protection device and its usage method, which solves the problem of inaccurate cable monitoring data in the traditional technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A trenchless cable duct protection device includes a pipe pillow. A plurality of positioning grooves are provided on the outer wall of the pipe pillow. A plurality of pipe holes are provided in the middle of the pipe pillow. Reinforcing bar perforations are symmetrically provided in the middle of the pipe pillow. An HDPE pipe is provided in the pipe holes of the pipe pillow. A plurality of integrated sensors are provided on the inner wall of the HDPE pipe. Silica gel is provided on the inner wall of the HDPE pipe. The installation process of the silica gel is of IP68 protection level. The outer wall of the silica gel is arranged at the top of the integrated sensors. A miniaturized triaxial stress sensor and a temperature and humidity composite probe are provided inside the integrated sensors. An integrated reference sensor is provided inside the pipe pillow. The integrated reference sensor uses a differential measurement algorithm to eliminate environmental interference.

[0006] Preferably, when the local environmental stress change > 0.5 MPa, start the temperature compensation algorithm, Δσ = α ⋅ (T - T0) ⋅ E, where α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the pipe material and E is the elastic modulus.

[0007] Preferably, the integrated sensor in the HDPE pipe is conformally fitted to the inner wall of the HDPE pipe through embedded packaging technology, and the integrated sensor is embedded in advance during the injection molding stage of the HDPE pipe.

[0008] A method for using a trenchless cable conduit protection device, used for the trenchless cable conduit protection device, comprises the following steps: S1. Collect cable stress, temperature and humidity data using a multimodal sensor integrated module; S2, processing the collected data through a self-calibration compensation system; S3, sending the processed data via a transmission system; S4: Perform cable health assessment and dynamic threshold warning based on the received data. Preferably, S3 includes a transmission system, which adopts LoRaWAN and NB-IoT dual-mode communication and is designed with a star-chain hybrid topology based on the cable direction.

[0009] Preferably, the transmission system is provided with a signal strength detection module, and when the signal strength is less than -110dBm, it automatically switches to the relay mode, and the transmission message is encrypted and transmitted using the AES-256 encryption algorithm.

[0010] Preferably, the data collected in S2 is preprocessed by an adaptive noise cancellation technique combined with a wavelet threshold denoising algorithm before transmission.

[0011] Preferably, the cable health assessment in S4 adopts a dynamic threshold warning model based on an LSTM neural network, and the input parameters satisfy Ht=f(Tt−n,RHt−n,σt−n)+ϵ, wherein Ht is the health index of the cable at time t, f(Tt−n,RHt−n,σt−n), Tt−n is the temperature data of the cable at time t−n, RHt−n is the relative humidity data of the environment in which the cable is located at time t−n, σt−n is the stress data of the cable at time t−n, n is the time window parameter, f is a nonlinear function relationship, and ϵ represents the error term.

[0012] Preferably, the dynamic threshold warning model is provided with a plurality of warning thresholds of different levels. When the cable health Ht exceeds the warning thresholds of different levels, a warning signal of the corresponding level is issued, and the warning signal is sent to the monitoring terminal through the transmission system.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes the step of regularly maintaining the protective device, wherein the maintenance includes checking the operating status of the pipe pillow, HDPE pipe, integrated sensor, and transmission system, and replacing faulty or aged components in a timely manner.

[0014] The present invention provides a trenchless cable duct protection device and its usage method, with the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, through the omnidirectional real-time monitoring of the cable operation status, key data such as the stress, temperature, and humidity of the cable can be obtained in a timely and accurate manner, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent cable health assessment. It also effectively eliminates the influence of environmental interference on the monitoring data, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the monitoring data, and solving the problem of inaccurate traditional cable monitoring data.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, by pre-embedding and achieving a tight fit during the injection molding stage, the sensor and the HDPE pipe become an integral whole, reducing the situation of sensor loosening or displacement caused by factors such as vibration and friction during long-term use, and ensuring that the sensor can stably provide effective data throughout the entire service life of the cable, solving the problem of short sensor service life.

[0016] 3. In the present invention, through LoRaWAN and NB-IoT dual-mode communication and a star-chain hybrid topology structure, stable and reliable data transmission is achieved in a complex underground cable environment. Whether it is long-distance transmission or in an area with strong signal interference, it can ensure that the monitoring data is accurately and timely transmitted to the monitoring center, providing a solid data transmission guarantee for the real-time monitoring and fault warning of the cable, and solving the problem that traditional communication methods cannot meet the transmission requirements.

[0017] 4. In the present invention, through the preprocessing of adaptive noise cancellation technology combined with the wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, the quality of the collected data can be significantly improved. The cable stress, temperature, humidity, etc. data after removing noise more accurately reflects the actual operation status of the cable, reducing the interference of noise on the data, making the data smoother and more reliable. For temperature and humidity data, it can also more accurately reflect the actual situation of the cable surrounding environment, providing more reliable data support for the subsequent cable health assessment, and solving the problem of environmental noise interference.

[0018] 5. In the present invention, by comprehensively considering multiple factors such as temperature, humidity, and stress, and using the learning ability and non-linear transformation of the LSTM neural network, this model can accurately evaluate the health of the cable at different times. Even if the cable operation environment is complex and changeable, and various factors affect each other, the model can accurately capture the impact of these changes on the cable health and provide reliable health indicators, solving the problem of inaccurate results of traditional cable health assessment methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a front three-dimensional schematic diagram of a trenchless cable duct protection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 2HDPE pipeline sectional view of a trenchless cable duct protection device proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 Flow chart of the usage method of a trenchless cable duct protection device proposed by the present invention.

[0020] Wherein, 1, pipe pillow; 2, HDPE pipeline; 3, silica gel; 4, positioning groove; 5, steel bar perforation; 6, integrated sensor. Specific embodiments

[0021] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Please refer to the appendix Figure 1 - appendix Figure 2 The embodiments of the present invention provide a trenchless cable duct protection device, including a pipe pillow 1. A plurality of positioning grooves 4 are provided on the outer wall of the pipe pillow 1. A plurality of pipe holes are provided in the middle of the pipe pillow 1. Steel bar perforations 5 are symmetrically provided in the middle of the pipe pillow 1. An HDPE pipeline 2 is provided in the pipe holes of the pipe pillow 1. A plurality of integrated sensors 6 are provided on the inner wall of the HDPE pipeline 2. Silica gel 3 is provided on the inner wall of the HDPE pipeline 2. The installation process of the silica gel 3 is of IP68 protection level. The outer wall of the silica gel 3 is arranged at the top of the integrated sensor 6. A miniaturized triaxial stress sensor and a temperature and humidity composite probe are provided inside the integrated sensor 6. An integrated reference sensor is provided inside the pipe pillow 1. The integrated reference sensor uses a differential measurement algorithm to eliminate environmental interference. When the local environmental stress change > 0.5 MPa, the temperature compensation algorithm is started, Δσ = α ⋅ (T - T0) ⋅ E, where α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the pipe material and E is the elastic modulus.

[0023] Specifically, the positioning groove 4 can cooperate with other structures to achieve precise positioning of the pipe pillow during construction, ensure the accurate position of the pipe pillow underground, and provide a basis for the orderly installation of the cable duct. The steel bar perforation 5 can penetrate steel bars to enhance the overall structural strength and stability of the pipe pillow, enabling it to withstand the pressure and external forces generated by the complex underground environment. The pipe holes are used to place the HDPE pipeline 2 to provide a channel for cable laying.

[0024] The miniaturized triaxial stress sensor can monitor the stress changes of the cable in three axial directions in real time, while the temperature and humidity composite probe can accurately measure the temperature and humidity data of the cable's surrounding environment. The silicone 3 has an IP68 protection rating, which can provide a high level of waterproof and dustproof protection for the integrated sensor 6, preventing moisture, dust and other impurities in the external environment from entering the sensor and affecting its normal operation. The integrated sensor 6 is embedded during the injection molding stage of the HDPE pipe 2 and achieves a conformal surface fit with the inner wall of the HDPE pipe 2 through an embedded encapsulation technology, which can ensure that the sensor can accurately obtain various parameters during the cable operation. Moreover, the sensor is closely attached to the inner wall of the pipe, reducing data errors caused by poor contact.

[0025] The integrated reference sensor uses a differential measurement algorithm to eliminate environmental interference. By comparing the data of the reference sensor with that of the integrated sensor 6, it can effectively eliminate the influence of environmental factors on the monitoring data and improve the accuracy of the data. When the local environmental stress change > 0.5 MPa, the temperature compensation algorithm Δσ = α ⋅ (T - T0) ⋅ E (where α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the pipe material and E is the elastic modulus) is activated, and compensation calculations are performed based on the influence of temperature changes on the stress of the cable to further correct the stress data and ensure that the measurement results can truly reflect the actual stress situation of the cable.

[0026] Through the comprehensive real-time monitoring of the cable operation status, key data such as the stress, temperature, and humidity of the cable can be obtained timely and accurately, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent cable health assessment. It also effectively eliminates the influence of environmental interference on the monitoring data, improves the measurement accuracy of cable stress and other data, and makes the cable health assessment based on these data more accurate and reliable. At the same time, good protection measures extend the service life of the sensor and ensure the stability and accuracy of the monitoring data. It solves the problem of inaccurate traditional cable monitoring data.

[0027] Please refer to the appendix Figure 2 , the integrated sensor in the HDPE pipe achieves a conformal surface fit with the inner wall of the HDPE pipe through an embedded encapsulation technology, and the integrated sensor is embedded during the injection molding stage of the HDPE pipe.

[0028] Specifically, the integrated sensor 6 adopts an embedded encapsulation technology and is embedded during the injection molding stage of the HDPE pipe 2. During the injection molding process, the integrated sensor 6 is placed at a specific designed position in the mold. As the HDPE material is injected into the mold under high temperature and high pressure and then cooled and formed, the integrated sensor 6 is firmly embedded into the inner wall of the HDPE pipe 2. This encapsulation method enables the sensor to achieve a conformal surface fit with the inner wall of the HDPE pipe, that is, the sensor can closely fit the curved surface shape of the inner wall of the pipe, and there is almost no gap or relative displacement between the two.

[0029] This close - fitting method ensures that the sensor can be in full contact with the cable and its surrounding environment. The miniaturized triaxial stress sensor can directly sense the stress changes of the cable in three axial directions. Since the distance between the sensor and the cable is extremely close and the fit is tight, the stress transmission has almost no loss, and it can quickly and accurately obtain stress data. The temperature - humidity composite probe can also measure the temperature and humidity of the cable surrounding environment in a timely and accurate manner. Because the sensor is in direct contact with the environment, it avoids measurement delays and errors caused by intermediate media or gaps.

[0030] By pre - embedding and achieving a tight fit during the injection - molding stage, the sensor and the HDPE pipe become an integral whole, reducing the situation of sensor loosening or displacement caused by factors such as vibration and friction during long - term use. At the same time, the HDPE material itself has good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, which can provide long - term stable protection for the sensor, extend the service life of the sensor, ensure that the sensor can work stably and reliably throughout the entire service life of the cable, and continuously provide effective data for cable operation status monitoring. It solves the problem of the short service life of the sensor.

[0031] Please refer to the append Figure 3 , a method of using a trenchless cable duct protection device, for a trenchless cable duct protection device, including the following steps: S1. Use the multi - modal sensor integration module to collect the stress, temperature, and humidity data of the cable; S2. Process the collected data through the self - calibration compensation system; S3. Send the processed data through the transmission system; S4. Conduct cable health assessment and dynamic threshold warning based on the received data.

[0032] S3 includes a transmission system. The transmission system uses LoRaWAN and NB - IoT dual - mode communication and is designed with a star - chain hybrid topology based on the cable route.

[0033] Specifically, the transmission system uses a dual - mode communication method of LoRaWAN (Low - Power Wide - Area Network) and NB - IoT (Narrow - Band Internet of Things). LoRaWAN utilizes its long - distance transmission and low - power consumption characteristics, which are suitable for scenarios where the signal transmission distance is relatively long and the power consumption requirements are relatively high. In the trenchless cable duct system, when the cable laying distance is long and the distance between monitoring points is far, LoRaWAN can ensure stable data transmission over a long distance and reduce signal attenuation. For example, in an urban underground cable network, the cable ducts in different regions may be far apart, and LoRaWAN can accurately transmit the monitoring data of these regions to the monitoring center.

[0034] NB-IoT focuses on providing stable connection and data transmission services within the network coverage area. It has a high connection density and strong anti-interference ability. In areas where cable ducts are relatively dense, there may be many signal interference sources. NB-IoT can ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission, avoiding data loss or transmission errors caused by interference.

[0035] Based on the cable routing, a star-chain hybrid topology is designed. In this structure, the monitoring center or the main data aggregation point is used as the core to form the central node of the star structure. Each cable duct monitoring point serves as a sub-node, which is interconnected through a chain structure and is also connected to the central node. This topology combines the centralized management advantages of the star structure and the flexible scalability of the chain structure. In the case of complex cable routing, the chain structure can flexibly arrange monitoring points along the cable laying path to achieve full coverage monitoring of the entire cable line. The star structure is convenient for centralized management and data collection, and the data of each monitoring point can be quickly and accurately aggregated to the central node for unified processing and analysis.

[0036] The transmission system is equipped with a signal strength detection module. When the signal strength < -110dBm, it automatically switches to the relay mode. In the relay mode, other nearby monitoring points or relay devices can act as signal transfer stations to relay the data to the monitoring center to ensure the smooth transmission of data. At the same time, the transmission message is encrypted and transmitted using the AES-256 encryption algorithm to perform high-strength encryption on the transmitted data to prevent the data from being stolen or tampered with during transmission, ensuring the security and integrity of the data.

[0037] Through LoRaWAN and NB-IoT dual-mode communication and the star-chain hybrid topology, stable and reliable data transmission is achieved in a complex underground cable environment. Whether it is long-distance transmission or in an area with strong signal interference, it can ensure that the monitoring data is accurately and timely transmitted to the monitoring center, providing a solid data transmission guarantee for the real-time monitoring and fault warning of the cable. It solves the problem that traditional communication methods cannot meet the transmission requirements.

[0038] The transmission system is equipped with a signal strength detection module. When the signal strength < -110dBm, it automatically switches to the relay mode, and the transmission message is encrypted and transmitted using the AES-256 encryption algorithm.

[0039] Specifically, the transmission system is built with a signal strength detection module that continuously monitors the signal strength in the communication link. Its working principle is based on the measurement of radio frequency signal power. Through specific circuits and algorithms, the received signal is converted into a signal strength value in dBm. When the detected signal strength is lower than -110 dBm, it indicates that the signal quality of the current communication link is poor, which may lead to data transmission errors or interruptions. At this time, the signal strength detection module will trigger an automatic switching mechanism, causing the transmission system to switch from the normal working mode to the relay mode. In the relay mode, the transmission system will use other nearby devices (such as other monitoring points or specially set relay nodes) as signal transfer stations. These relay devices will receive the signal from the original sender, amplify, reshape, etc. the signal, and then forward it, thus realizing the relay transmission of the signal to ensure that the data can bypass the area with weak signals and finally reach the receiving end (such as the monitoring center).

[0040] The transmission message is encrypted and transmitted using the AES-256 encryption algorithm. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm, and 256 indicates that its key length is 256 bits. Before data transmission, the sender will use the pre-set 256-bit key to encrypt the transmission message. The encryption process is based on complex mathematical operations, scrambling the original data and converting it into ciphertext form. When the receiver receives the ciphertext, it will use the same 256-bit key for decryption operations. The decryption algorithm is the inverse operation of the encryption algorithm, and the ciphertext is restored to the original data through specific calculation steps. During the entire data transmission process, even if the ciphertext is intercepted illegally, without the correct key, the interceptor cannot interpret the content, thus ensuring the security of the data.

[0041] Through the signal strength detection module and the relay mode switching mechanism, when encountering weak signals, the transmission system can automatically adjust the working mode and use relay nodes to achieve the relay transmission of signals. This effectively avoids data transmission interruptions or errors caused by insufficient signal strength, ensures that data can be stably and reliably transmitted to the receiving end in a complex underground environment (such as areas where signals are easily blocked), and provides a stable data transmission channel for the real-time monitoring of cable operating status. It solves the problem of easy data transmission errors in traditional transmission systems.

[0042] Before the data collected in S2 is transmitted, it is first preprocessed by the adaptive noise cancellation technology combined with the wavelet threshold denoising algorithm.

[0043] Specifically, the core of the adaptive noise cancellation technology is to construct a reference signal related to the noise and then subtract the reference signal from the original signal to achieve noise cancellation. In the trenchless cable duct protection device, the data signals such as cable stress, temperature, and humidity collected by the integrated sensor 6 are often disturbed by various environmental noises. In the specific implementation process, the system will continuously adjust the parameters of the reference signal using an adaptive algorithm. For example, through the least mean square (LMS) algorithm or the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, according to the statistical characteristics of the original signal and the noise signal, the amplitude, phase, and other parameters of the reference signal are dynamically adjusted to make it approximate the noise signal as much as possible. Once the reference signal matches the noise signal well, subtracting it from the original signal can effectively remove the noise component and retain the useful cable operating state information.

[0044] The wavelet threshold denoising algorithm is based on the wavelet transform principle. First, the collected original signal containing noise is subjected to wavelet transform to convert the signal from the time domain to the wavelet domain. In the wavelet domain, the energy of the signal is mainly concentrated in a few large wavelet coefficients, while the energy of the noise is evenly distributed among all wavelet coefficients. Then, by setting a suitable threshold, the wavelet coefficients are processed. For wavelet coefficients smaller than the threshold, they are considered to be mainly caused by noise and are set to zero; for wavelet coefficients larger than the threshold, they are considered to contain the main features of the signal and are retained or subjected to a certain shrinkage process (such as soft threshold processing). Finally, the inverse wavelet transform is performed on the processed wavelet coefficients to convert the signal from the wavelet domain back to the time domain, thereby obtaining the denoised signal.

[0045] Through the preprocessing of combining the adaptive noise cancellation technology with the wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, the quality of the collected data can be significantly improved. The cable stress, temperature, humidity, etc. data after removing the noise more accurately reflect the actual operating state of the cable, reducing the interference of noise on the data, making the data smoother and more reliable. For temperature and humidity data, it can also more accurately reflect the actual situation of the cable surrounding environment, providing more reliable data support for the subsequent cable health assessment. The problem of environmental noise interference is solved.

[0046] In S4, the cable health assessment adopts a dynamic threshold warning model based on the LSTM neural network. The input parameters satisfy Ht = f(Tt−n, RHt−n, σt−n)+ϵ, where Ht is the cable health index at time t, f(Tt−n, RHt−n, σt−n), Tt−n represents the cable temperature data at time t−n, RHt−n is the relative humidity data of the cable environment at time t−n, σt−n is the stress data of the cable at time t−n, n is the time window parameter, f is a non-linear function relationship, and ϵ represents the error term.

[0047] Specifically, the dynamic threshold warning model based on the LSTM neural network takes the temperature (Tt−n), relative humidity (RHt−n), and stress (σt−n) data of the cable at different times as inputs. The time window parameter n is adaptively adjusted according to the specifications of the cable (such as cable diameter, material, insulation type, etc.). For cables of different specifications, there are differences in their performance and fault development patterns. The adaptive adjustment of n enables the model to better capture the variation rules of the operating states of different cables.

[0048] The LSTM neural network has memory units and gating mechanisms, which can effectively handle the long-term dependence relationships in time series data. When processing input data, the forget gate determines whether to retain or discard the information of the memory unit at the previous moment; the input gate controls the degree to which the current input information enters the memory unit; and the output gate determines the output of the memory unit for generating the hidden state at the current moment. Through these gating mechanisms, the LSTM neural network can screen and integrate the input data at different times, explore the complex correlations between temperature, humidity, and stress data, and the impact of their variation trends over time on the cable health.

[0049] A complex non-linear transformation is performed on the input data through the non-linear function f to simulate the internal relationship between the cable health and each input parameter. This non-linear transformation can capture the complex coupling effects between the data and more accurately reflect the actual situation than a simple linear model. The error term ϵ is used to measure the deviation between the model prediction value and the actual health of the cable. During the training process of the model, a large amount of historical data and actual operation data are used, and the model parameters are continuously adjusted through the backpropagation algorithm to gradually reduce the error term ϵ and improve the prediction accuracy of the model.

[0050] Based on the historical operation data of the cable, industry standards, and cable aging models, etc., the dynamic warning thresholds corresponding to different health indicators Ht are determined. When the predicted cable health Ht by the model exceeds the corresponding threshold, the system will promptly send a warning signal to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel that the cable may have a fault risk and corresponding measures need to be taken for inspection and maintenance.

[0051] By comprehensively considering multiple factors such as temperature, humidity, and stress, and utilizing the learning ability and non-linear transformation of the LSTM neural network, this model can accurately evaluate the health of the cable at different times. Even when the cable operating environment is complex and changeable, and the various factors interact with each other, the model can accurately capture the impact of these changes on the cable health and provide reliable health indicators. It solves the problem of inaccurate results in traditional cable health assessment methods.

[0052] Including that the dynamic threshold warning model is set with multiple warning thresholds at different levels. When the cable health Ht exceeds the warning thresholds at different levels, warning signals at the corresponding levels are sent, and the warning signals are sent to the monitoring terminal through the transmission system.

[0053] Specifically, the dynamic threshold warning model analyzes and processes the historical operation data of the cable, industry standards, cable aging models, and a large amount of actual monitoring data, thereby setting warning thresholds at multiple different levels. For example, through the statistical analysis of the long-term operation data of the cable under different temperature, humidity, and stress conditions, combined with the design life and safety standards of the cable, the threshold range of the cable health index Ht corresponding to different health conditions is determined. A first-level warning threshold is set for minor anomalies, which is triggered when the cable health begins to deviate from the normal range but has not reached the level of a serious fault; a second-level or higher-level warning threshold is set for serious anomalies that may lead to cable faults.

[0054] The cable health assessment model based on the LSTM neural network continuously calculates the cable health Ht. During operation, the system continuously compares the real-time calculated Ht with the pre-set warning thresholds at different levels. For example, the temperature (Tt−n), humidity (RHt−n), and stress (σt−n) data of the cable are obtained at regular intervals (such as every few minutes). After the Ht is calculated by the model, it is immediately compared with the warning thresholds at each level for judgment.

[0055] Once Ht exceeds the warning threshold of a certain level, the system automatically generates a warning signal corresponding to that level. The warning signal contains key information such as the type of fault (such as abnormal temperature, excessive stress, etc.), warning level, and occurrence time. These warning signals are sent to the monitoring terminal through the transmission system. The transmission system adopts LoRaWAN and NB-IoT dual-mode communication technology, combined with a star-chain hybrid topology structure, to ensure the reliable and fast transmission of warning signals. When the signal strength < -110 dBm, it automatically switches to the relay mode to ensure that the signal is not lost or delayed, enabling the monitoring terminal to receive warning information in a timely manner.

[0056] By setting warning thresholds at multiple different levels, accurate hierarchical warnings can be carried out according to different conditions of the cable health. The operation and maintenance personnel can quickly understand the severity of the cable fault based on the warning level and take corresponding measures. During the first-level warning, preliminary inspections and analyses can be arranged, and during the second-level warning, professional personnel can be immediately organized for detailed inspections and repairs, improving the pertinence and efficiency of fault handling. The problem of fuzzy fault judgment is solved.

[0057] It also includes the step of regularly maintaining the protection device. The maintenance content includes checking the operating status of the pipe pillow 1, HDPE pipe 2, integrated sensor 6, and transmission system, and promptly replacing faulty or aging components.

[0058] Specifically, when regularly maintaining each component of the protection device, the operating status of the pipe pillow 1, HDPE pipe 2, integrated sensor 6, and transmission system is checked through specific detection tools and methods. For the pipe pillow 1, check whether the positioning groove 4 is deformed and whether the steel bar perforation 5 is damaged, observe whether the overall structure of the pipe pillow is stable, and judge whether it can continue to provide reliable support for the HDPE pipe 2. When checking the HDPE pipe 2, check whether there are cracks or damages on the pipe surface and whether there are signs of corrosion inside to ensure the sealing and structural integrity of the pipe. For the integrated sensor 6, use professional detection equipment to send specific test signals, check whether the miniaturized triaxial stress sensor and the temperature and humidity composite probe can collect data normally and whether the data transmission is accurate. At the same time, check the protection effect of the silica gel 3 to see whether there are damages or aging that cause the protection level to decrease. For the transmission system, detect the signal strength and communication stability of the LoRaWAN and NB-IoT dual-mode communication module, check the connection status of each node in the star-chain hybrid topology structure to ensure that data can be transmitted normally.

[0059] According to the design standards, service life, and historical maintenance data of the components, corresponding criteria for judging faults and aging are formulated. For example, if the deformation of the positioning groove 4 of the pipe pillow 1 exceeds a certain range, affecting the positioning accuracy of the HDPE pipe 2, or if the steel bar perforation 5 shows serious corrosion or cracks, reducing the structural strength of the pipe pillow, it is determined that the pipe pillow has a fault or is aging. For the HDPE pipe 2, if the depth and length of the cracks on the pipe surface reach a certain value, or if the internal corrosion causes the pipe wall thickness to be reduced by more than the safe range, it is regarded as a pipe fault. If the deviation of the data collected by the integrated sensor 6 exceeds the allowable range, or if the silica gel 3 is damaged or aged and cannot reach the IP68 protection level, it indicates that there is a problem with the sensor. If the transmission system frequently experiences signal interruptions, high bit error rates, or hardware failures in the communication module, it is judged that the transmission system needs maintenance or component replacement.

[0060] Once it is determined that a component fails or ages, operate according to the pre-established replacement process. For the pipe pillow 1, first properly protect and support the cables and related components around the damaged pipe pillow, then remove the damaged pipe pillow, clean the installation position, and install a new pipe pillow, ensuring its accurate positioning and firm installation. When replacing the HDPE pipe 2, first carefully remove the cables inside the pipe, remove the damaged pipe, clean the pipe installation space, install a new HDPE pipe, then re-lay the cables into the pipe and perform fixation and protection treatments. When replacing the integrated sensor 6, since it is embedded and encapsulated with the HDPE pipe 2, carefully remove the damaged sensor and related silicone 3, clean the installation site, reinstall the new integrated sensor, ensure its conformal fit with the inner wall surface of the pipe, and then perform silicone encapsulation to reach the IP68 protection level. For the replacement of components in the transmission system, first determine the location of the faulty component, such as a certain communication module or relay node, then cut off the relevant power supply, remove the faulty component, install a new component, reconfigure the communication parameters, and conduct communication tests to ensure the normal operation of the transmission system is restored.

[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A trenchless cable pipe protection device, including a pipe pillow (1), characterized in that, The outer wall of the tube pillow (1) is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves (4), the middle part of the tube pillow (1) is provided with a plurality of tube holes, the middle part of the tube pillow (1) is symmetrically provided with steel bar perforations (5), an HDPE pipe (2) is provided in the tube hole of the tube pillow (1), the inner wall of the HDPE pipe (2) is provided with a plurality of integrated sensors (6), the inner wall of the HDPE pipe (2) is provided with silica gel (3), the installation process of the silica gel (3) is IP68 protection grade, the outer wall of the silica gel (3) is provided at the top of the integrated sensor (6), the interior of the integrated sensor (6) is provided with a miniaturized triaxial stress sensor and a temperature and humidity composite probe, the interior of the tube pillow (1) is provided with an integrated reference sensor, and the integrated reference sensor uses a differential measurement algorithm to eliminate environmental interference.

2. The trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the environmental local stress changes > 0.5 MPa, the temperature compensation algorithm is started, Δσ=α⋅(T−T0)⋅E, where α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the pipe and E is the elastic modulus.

3. The trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated sensor (6) in the HDPE pipe (2) is conformally fitted to the inner wall of the HDPE pipe (2) through an embedded packaging technology, and the integrated sensor (6) is pre-buried during the injection molding stage of the HDPE pipe (2).

4. A method for using a trenchless cable duct protection device, characterized in that, A trenchless cable conduit protection device for use in any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps: S1. Collect cable stress, temperature and humidity data using a multimodal sensor integrated module; S2, processing the collected data through a self-calibration compensation system; S3, sending the processed data via a transmission system; S4. Perform cable health assessment and dynamic threshold warning based on the received data.

5. The usage method of a trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that The S3 includes a transmission system, which adopts LoRaWAN and NB-IoT dual-mode communication and is designed with a star-chain hybrid topology based on the cable direction.

6. The usage method of a trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transmission system is provided with a signal strength detection module. When the signal strength is less than -110dBm, it automatically switches to the relay mode, and the transmission message is encrypted and transmitted using the AES-256 encryption algorithm.

7. The usage method of a trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Before transmission, the collected data in S2 is preprocessed by using an adaptive noise cancellation technique combined with a wavelet threshold denoising algorithm.

8. The method for using a trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cable health assessment in S4 adopts a dynamic threshold warning model based on LSTM neural network, and the input parameters satisfy Ht=f(Tt−n,RHt−n,σt−n)+ϵ, where Ht is the health index of the cable at time t, f(Tt−n,RHt−n,σt−n), Tt−n is the temperature data of the cable at time t−n, RHt−n is the relative humidity data of the environment in which the cable is located at time t−n, σt−n is the stress data of the cable at time t−n, n is the time window parameter, f is a nonlinear function relationship, and ϵ represents the error term.

9. The method for using a trenchless cable pipe protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic threshold warning model is equipped with multiple warning thresholds of different levels. When the cable health Ht exceeds the warning thresholds of different levels, a warning signal of the corresponding level is issued, and the warning signal is sent to the monitoring terminal through the transmission system.

10. The method of using a trenchless cable duct protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes the step of regularly maintaining the protection device, and the maintenance content includes checking the operation status of the pipe pillow (1), HDPE pipeline (2), integrated sensor (6), and transmission system, and timely replacing the faulty or aged components.

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