Data center liquid cooling system and method of graded spray evaporation cooling server

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of data center liquid cooling, and provides a data center liquid cooling system of a graded spray evaporation cooling server, which comprises a data center liquid cooling module and an air cooling module. The external air cooling module adopts a Freon refrigerant, so that the overall heat dissipation capability is improved; the data center liquid cooling module carries out grading processing on data center servers according to the heating value of a heating element, the servers in a data center machine room are divided into first-level servers, second-level servers and third-level servers according to the heating value, and a water-ethanol solution is adopted for spray evaporation cooling. The cooling working medium is subjected to primary cooling, secondary cooling and tertiary cooling so as to meet cooling loads required by different load servers; and through cooperative control of the three-way control valve and the four-way control valve, the grading condition requirements of different servers are met. According to the invention, graded refrigeration is provided for the data center server, the utilization efficiency of energy is improved, and server supercooling and energy waste are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of liquid cooling for data centers, and particularly to a data center liquid cooling system and method for a server with hierarchical spray evaporation cooling. Background Art

[0002] In the wave of technological innovation and the evolution of the times, the industrial revolution characterized by digitalization is accelerating. The new generation of information technology deeply penetrates into various fields, the artificial intelligence technology is iteratively upgraded, and the 5G communication network is accelerating its deployment. The construction of these technological ecosystems all relies on the strong support of the core infrastructure - the data center. It is worth noting that while the data center has experienced scale expansion and the climbing of the power density of individual devices, it has also led to the realistic dilemma of a sharp increase in energy consumption. Compared with the traditional air-cooling technology, the heat-carrying capacity of the liquid working medium reflected by the product of the density and specific heat of the liquid working medium used in the liquid cooling technology is nearly 2000 times higher than that of the air-cooling heat dissipation mode, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption of the data center. Therefore, the development of liquid cooling for data computer rooms is an important way to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in data computer rooms.

[0003] At present, some patents have adopted liquid cooling technology to cool down the data center. The publication number is CN119095331A, which uses liquid cooling technology to cool down the 5G server; a spray-type liquid cooling server disclosed in the publication number CN108563305A, which combines insulating oil to cool the heating elements. However, the prior art does not perform hierarchical processing on the heating elements in the data computer room, resulting in overuse and waste of cooling capacity. By classifying the servers in the data computer room according to the heat generation amount, determining the cooling order, and using coolants at different temperatures to cool the servers with different heat generation amounts, the cascade utilization of energy in the data center can be fully realized.

[0004] The present invention provides a data center liquid cooling system for a server with hierarchical spray evaporation cooling, which classifies the servers in the data center computer room into first-level servers, second-level servers, and third-level servers according to the heat generation amount, and adopts the spray evaporation cooling method to perform primary cooling, secondary cooling, and tertiary cooling on the cooling working medium to meet the cooling loads required by different load heating elements in different load servers, improving the energy utilization efficiency and avoiding server overcooling and energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to design a data center liquid cooling system for a server with hierarchical spray evaporation cooling to overcome the deficiencies of cold quantity waste and non-energy-saving existing in the existing liquid cooling technology.

[0006] The present application provides a data center liquid cooling system for a server with hierarchical spray evaporation cooling, which consists of a data center liquid cooling module and an air cooling module.

[0007] The data center liquid cooling module consists of a data center computer room 1, a first circulating water pump 11, a water replenishing tank 12, a first closed spray chamber 13, a second closed spray chamber 14, a third closed spray chamber 15, a second circulating water pump 22, a first three-way control valve 23, a third circulating water pump 24, a second three-way control valve 25, and a fourth circulating water pump 26; the servers in the data center computer room 1 are divided into first-level servers 2, second-level servers 3, and third-level servers 4; the first-level servers 2 contain first-level liquid cooling plates 5 and first-level heat-generating electronic components 6, the second-level servers 3 contain second-level liquid cooling plates 7 and second-level heat-generating electronic components 8, and the third-level servers 4 contain third-level liquid cooling plates 9 and third-level heat-generating electronic components 10; the first closed spray chamber 13 includes a first spray device 16 and a first heat exchanger 17; the second closed spray chamber 14 includes a second spray device 18 and a second heat exchanger 19; the third closed spray chamber 15 includes a third spray device 20 and a third heat exchanger 21; the inlet of the first circulating water pump 11 is connected to the liquid cooling outlet of the data center computer room 1, the outlet of the first circulating water pump 11 is connected to the inlet of the first closed spray chamber 13, and a water replenishing tank 12 is connected in the middle. The outlet of the first closed spray chamber 13 is connected to the inlet of the second circulating water pump 22. The second circulating water pump 22 is connected to the first three-way control valve 23. One outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 is connected to the liquid cooling end inlet of the first-level server 2, and the second outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 is connected to the inlet of the second closed spray chamber 14. The outlet of the second closed spray chamber 14 is connected to the inlet of the third circulating water pump 24. The third circulating water pump 24 is connected to the second three-way control valve 25. One outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 is connected to the liquid cooling end inlet of the second-level server 3, and the second outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 is connected to the inlet of the third closed spray chamber 15. The outlet of the third closed spray chamber 15 is connected to the inlet of the fourth circulating water pump 26. The outlet of the fourth circulating water pump 26 is connected to the liquid cooling end inlet of the third-level server 4. After the liquid cooling end outlets of the first-level servers 2, second-level servers 3, and third-level servers 4 in the data center computer room 1 mix the cooling circulating working medium, they are connected to the first circulating water pump 11 to form a complete data center liquid cooling cycle;

[0008] The air-cooled module includes a first heat exchanger 17, a second heat exchanger 19, a third heat exchanger 21, a compressor 28, a fourth heat exchanger 31, a cooling tower 29, a fan 30, a four-way control valve 27, and an expansion valve 32; the fan 30 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 are placed in the cooling tower 29; the outlet of the compressor 28 is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 31, the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve 32, the outlet of the expansion valve 32 is connected to the inlet of the four-way control valve 27, one outlet of the four-way control valve 27 is connected to the inlet end of the first heat exchanger 17 in the first closed spray chamber 13, the second outlet of the four-way control valve 27 is connected to the inlet end of the second heat exchanger 19 in the second closed spray chamber 14, the third outlet of the four-way control valve 27 is connected to the inlet end of the third heat exchanger 21 in the third closed spray chamber 15, and the outlet ends of the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, and the third heat exchanger 21 are all connected to the inlet end of the compressor 28.

[0009] The cooling circulating working fluid in the liquid cooling module of the data center is an ethylene glycol solution with a volume concentration of 40%.

[0010] The circulating working fluid between the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, the third heat exchanger 21 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 is a Freon refrigerant.

[0011] The first three-way control valve 23, the second three-way control valve 25, and the four-way control valve 27 are all electric butterfly valves.

[0012] The first-stage liquid cooling plate 5, the second-stage liquid cooling plate 7, and the third-stage liquid cooling plate 9 are microchannel liquid cooling plates; the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, and the third heat exchanger 21 are shell-and-tube heat exchangers; the fourth heat exchanger 31 is a finned heat exchanger.

[0013] The specific implementation method is to divide the servers in the data center computer room 1 into first-level servers 2, second-level servers 3, and third-level servers 4;

[0014] In data center computer room 1, the primary heat-generating electronic components 6 transfer the generated heat to the cooling circulating working fluid in the primary liquid cooling plate 5 in the forms of heat conduction and heat convection. The cooling circulating working fluid absorbs the heat, the primary heat-generating electronic components 6 are cooled, and the primary heat-generating electronic components 6 maintain within the normal operating temperature range; the secondary heat-generating electronic components 8 are cooled and their temperature is reduced by the secondary liquid cooling plate 7, and the tertiary heat-generating electronic components 10 are cooled and their temperature is reduced by the tertiary liquid cooling plate 9. The cooling circulating working fluid in the primary liquid cooling plate 5, the cooling circulating working fluid in the secondary liquid cooling plate 7, and the cooling circulating working fluid in the tertiary liquid cooling plate 9 are mixed and then enter the first circulation water pump 11. Through the first spraying device 16 in the first closed spray chamber 13, the cooling circulating working fluid is sprayed on the surface of the first heat exchanger 17 in the form of small droplets through the first spraying device 16, and exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 absorbs heat, the temperature of the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 rises, the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is initially reduced, and the cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the first closed spray chamber 13. After passing through the second circulation water pump 22, it flows from the first outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the primary liquid cooling plate 5, and is transported from the second outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the second spraying device 18 in the second closed spray chamber 14;

[0015] The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 through the second spraying device 18. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat, the temperature of the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 rises, the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is reduced for the second time, and the cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the second closed spray chamber 14. After passing through the third circulation water pump 24, it flows from the first outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 to the secondary liquid cooling plate 7, and is transported from the second outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 to the third spraying device 20 in the third closed spray chamber 15;

[0016] The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger 21 through the third spraying device 20. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger 21 absorbs heat, the temperature of the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger 21 rises, the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is reduced again, and the cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the third closed spray chamber 15. After passing through the fourth circulation water pump 26, it flows to the tertiary liquid cooling plate 9;

[0017] The primary server 2 absorbs heat through the primary liquid cooling plate 5, the secondary server 3 absorbs heat through the secondary liquid cooling plate 7, and the tertiary server 4 absorbs heat through the tertiary liquid cooling plate 9. After completing the heat absorption and cooling, the cooling circulating working fluid is mixed and then enters the first closed spray chamber 13 through the first circulation water pump 11 to start a new cycle.

[0018] The first heat exchanger 17 absorbs the heat of the spray droplets in the first closed spray chamber 13, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid after absorbing heat;

[0019] The second heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat in the second closed spray chamber 14, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid after absorbing heat;

[0020] The third heat exchanger 21 absorbs heat in the third closed spray chamber 15, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid after absorbing heat;

[0021] After the high-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluids in the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, and the third heat exchanger 21 are collected, they are compressed by the compressor 28 and transformed into a high-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluid. The high-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluid enters the cooling tower 29. In the cooling tower 29, the fan 30 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 exchange heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluid and the outside world to obtain a low-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluid. The low-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluid expands through the expansion valve 32 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid. Then, the medium is sent to the first heat exchanger 17 in the first closed spray chamber 13 through the first outlet of the four-way control valve 27, sent to the second heat exchanger 19 in the second closed spray chamber 14 through the second outlet of the four-way control valve 27, and sent to the third heat exchanger 21 in the third closed spray chamber 15 through the third outlet of the four-way control valve 27. The low-temperature medium in the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, and the third heat exchanger 21 in the closed spray chamber re-absorbs the heat of the droplets in the closed spray chamber. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Appendix Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of a liquid cooling system for a data center of a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server proposed according to the inventive concept of the present invention;

[0023] Reference numerals in the drawings: 1 data center computer room, 2 first-level server, 3 second-level server, 4 third-level server, 5 first-level liquid cooling plate, 6 first-level heat-generating electronic component, 7 second-level liquid cooling plate, 8 second-level heat-generating electronic component, 9 third-level liquid cooling plate, 10 third-level heat-generating electronic component, 11 first circulation water pump, 12 water replenishing tank, 13 first closed spray chamber, 14 second closed spray chamber, 15 third closed spray chamber, 16 first spray device, 17 first heat exchanger, 18 second spray device, 19 second heat exchanger, 20 third spray device, 21 third heat exchanger, 22 second circulation water pump, 23 first three-way control valve, 24 third circulation water pump, 25 second three-way control valve, 26 fourth circulation water pump, 27 four-way control valve, 28 compressor, 29 cooling tower, 30 fan, 31 fourth heat exchanger, 32 expansion valve. Detailed Embodiment

[0024] Example 1: When the cooling requirements of the servers in the data center computer room 1 vary greatly and can be divided into three levels, the servers in the data center computer room 1 are divided into first-level servers 2, second-level servers 3, and third-level servers 4.

[0025] Among them, the first-level servers 2 are low-load servers, the second-level servers 3 are medium-load servers, and the third-level servers 4 are high-load servers.

[0026] In the data center computer room 1, the heat generated by the first-level heat-generating electronic components 6 is transferred to the cooling circulating working fluid in the first-level liquid cooling plate 5 in the form of heat conduction and heat convection. The cooling circulating working fluid absorbs the heat, and the first-level heat-generating electronic components 6 are cooled, and the first-level heat-generating electronic components 6 maintain the normal working temperature range; the second-level heat-generating electronic components 8 are cooled by the second-level liquid cooling plate 7, and the third-level heat-generating electronic components 10 are cooled by the third-level liquid cooling plate 9. The cooling circulating working fluid in the first-level liquid cooling plate 5, the cooling circulating working fluid in the second-level liquid cooling plate 7, and the cooling circulating working fluid in the third-level liquid cooling plate 9 are mixed and then enter the first circulation water pump 11, and are transported to the first spraying device 16 in the first closed spraying chamber 13. During the process, a water replenishing tank 12 is connected. The cooling circulating working fluid is sprayed on the surface of the first heat exchanger 17 in the form of small droplets through the first spraying device 16, and exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, and the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 absorbs heat. The temperature of the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 rises, and the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is initially reduced. The cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the first closed spraying chamber 13, and passes through the second circulation water pump 22. It flows from the first outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the first-level liquid cooling plate 5, and is transported from the second outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the second spraying device 18 in the second closed spraying chamber 14.

[0027] The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 through the second spraying device 18. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, and the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat. The temperature of the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 rises, and the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is reduced for the second time. The cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the second closed spraying chamber 14, and passes through the third circulation water pump 24. It flows from the first outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 to the second-level liquid cooling plate 7, and is transported from the second outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 to the third spraying device 20 in the third closed spraying chamber 15.

[0028] The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the third spray device 20 and the third heat exchanger 21. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger 21 absorbs heat, the temperature of the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger 21 rises, the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid decreases again, and the cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the third enclosed spray chamber 15 and flows to the three-stage liquid cooling plate 9 through the fourth circulating water pump 26.

[0029] The first-level server 2 absorbs heat through the first-level liquid cooling plate 5, the second-level server 3 absorbs heat through the second-level liquid cooling plate 7, and the third-level server 4 absorbs heat through the third-level liquid cooling plate 9. After the heat absorption cooling is completed, the cooling circulating working fluids are mixed and then enter the first enclosed spray chamber 13 through the first circulating water pump 11 to start a new cycle.

[0030] The first heat exchanger 17 absorbs the heat of the spray droplets in the first enclosed spray chamber 13, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid after absorbing heat.

[0031] The second heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat in the second enclosed spray chamber 14, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid after absorbing heat.

[0032] The third heat exchanger 21 absorbs heat in the third enclosed spray chamber 15, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid after absorbing heat.

[0033] After the high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluids in the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19 and the third heat exchanger 21 are collected, they are compressed by the compressor 28 and transformed into high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working fluids. The high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working fluids enter the cooling tower 29. In the cooling tower 29, the fan 30 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 exchange heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working fluids and the outside world to obtain low-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working fluids. The low-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working fluids expand through the expansion valve 32 and become low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluids. Then, the medium is sent to the first heat exchanger 17 in the first enclosed spray chamber 13 through the first outlet of the four-way control valve 27, the medium is sent to the second heat exchanger 19 in the second enclosed spray chamber 14 through the second outlet of the four-way control valve 27, and the medium is sent to the third heat exchanger 21 in the third enclosed spray chamber 15 through the third outlet of the four-way control valve 27. The low-temperature medium absorbs heat from the droplets in the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, and the third heat exchanger 21 in the enclosed spray chamber again.

[0034] Embodiment 2: When the cooling capacity required by the servers in the data center computer room 1 can be divided into two levels, the servers in the data center computer room 1 are divided into a first-level server 2 and a second-level server 3.

[0035] Among them, the first-level server 2 is a server with a lower load, and the second-level server 3 is a server with a higher load.

[0036] In data center computer room 1, the primary heat-generating electronic components 6 transfer the generated heat to the cooling circulating working fluid in the primary liquid cooling plate 5 in the forms of heat conduction and heat convection. The cooling circulating working fluid absorbs the heat, the primary heat-generating electronic components 6 are cooled, and the primary heat-generating electronic components 6 maintain within the normal operating temperature range; the secondary heat-generating electronic components 8 are cooled and their temperature is reduced by the secondary liquid cooling plate 7. The cooling circulating working fluid in the primary liquid cooling plate 5 and the cooling circulating working fluid in the secondary liquid cooling plate 7 that have absorbed heat are mixed and then enter the first circulation water pump 11, and are transported to the first spraying device 16 in the first closed spraying chamber 13. During this process, a water replenishing tank 12 is connected. The cooling circulating working fluid is sprayed on the surface of the first heat exchanger 17 in the form of small droplets through the first spraying device 16, and exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 absorbs heat, the temperature of the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 rises, the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is initially reduced, and the cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the first closed spraying chamber 13. Then, through the second circulation water pump 22, it flows from the first outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the primary liquid cooling plate 5, and is transported from the second outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the second spraying device 18 in the second closed spraying chamber 14.

[0037] The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 through the second spraying device 18. The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat, the temperature of the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger 19 rises, the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is reduced for the second time, and the cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the second closed spraying chamber 14. Then, through the third circulation water pump 24, the second outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 is controlled to be closed, and the cooling circulating working fluid all flows from the first outlet of the second three-way control valve 25 to the secondary liquid cooling plate 7.

[0038] The primary server 2 absorbs heat through the primary liquid cooling plate 5, and the secondary server 3 absorbs heat through the secondary liquid cooling plate 7. After completing the heat absorption and cooling, the cooling circulating working fluid is mixed and then enters the first closed spraying chamber 13 through the first circulation water pump 11 to start a new cycle.

[0039] The first heat exchanger 17 absorbs the heat of the spray droplets in the first closed spraying chamber 13, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid after absorbing heat.

[0040] The second heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat in the second closed spraying chamber 14, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working fluid after absorbing heat.

[0041] After the high-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluids in the first heat exchanger 17 and the second heat exchanger 19 are collected, they are compressed by the compressor 28 and transformed into high-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluids. The high-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluids enter the cooling tower 29. In the cooling tower 29, the fan 30 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 exchange heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluids and the outside world to obtain low-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluids. The low-temperature and high-pressure cooling cycle working fluids expand through the expansion valve 32 and become low-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluids. Then, the medium is sent to the first heat exchanger 17 in the first closed spray chamber 13 via the first outlet of the four-way control valve 27, and the medium is sent to the second heat exchanger 19 in the second closed spray chamber 14 via the second outlet of the four-way control valve 27. The third outlet of the four-way control valve 27 is controlled to be closed. The low-temperature medium in the first heat exchanger 17 and the second heat exchanger 19 in the closed spray chamber absorb heat from the droplets in the closed spray chamber again.

[0042] Embodiment 3, when the required cooling loads of the servers in the data center computer room 1 are relatively small.

[0043] In the data center computer room 1, the first-level heat-generating electronic components 6 transfer the generated heat to the cooling cycle working fluid in the first-level liquid cooling plate 5 in the forms of heat conduction and heat convection. The cooling cycle working fluid absorbs the heat, and the first-level heat-generating electronic components 6 are cooled. The first-level heat-generating electronic components 6 maintain within the normal operating temperature range. The cooling cycle working fluid enters the first circulation water pump 11 and is transported to the first spray device 16 in the first closed spray chamber 13. During this process, a water replenishing tank 12 is connected. The cooling cycle working fluid is sprayed on the surface of the first heat exchanger 17 in the form of small droplets through the first spray device 16 and exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17. The cooling cycle working fluid releases heat, and the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 absorbs heat. The temperature of the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger 17 rises, and the temperature of the cooling cycle working fluid decreases initially. The cooled cooling cycle working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the first closed spray chamber 13 and flows through the second circulation water pump 22. The second outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 is closed, and all the cooling cycle working fluid flows from the first outlet of the first three-way control valve 23 to the first-level liquid cooling plate 5.

[0044] After the first-level server 2 absorbs heat through the first-level liquid cooling plate 5 and completes the heat absorption and cooling process, the cooling cycle working fluid then enters the first closed spray chamber 13 through the first circulation water pump 11 and starts a new cycle.

[0045] The first heat exchanger 17 absorbs the heat of the spray droplets in the first closed spray chamber 13, and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling cycle working fluid after absorbing heat.

[0046] After the high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium in the first heat exchanger 17 is collected, it is compressed by the compressor 28 and transformed into a high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium. The high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium enters the cooling tower 29. In the cooling tower 29, the fan 30 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 exchange heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium and the outside world to obtain a low-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium. The low-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium expands through the expansion valve 32 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium. Outlet 2 and outlet 3 of the four-way control valve 27 are closed, and then all the medium is sent to the first heat exchanger 17 in the first closed spray chamber 13 through outlet 1 of the four-way control valve 27. The low-temperature medium absorbs heat from the droplets in the closed spray chamber again in the first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 19, and the third heat exchanger 21 in the closed spray chamber.

Claims

1. A liquid cooling system for a data center with a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server, characterized in that: It consists of a data center liquid cooling module and an air cooling module; The data center liquid cooling module includes a data center computer room (1), a first circulating water pump (11), a water replenishing tank (12), a first enclosed spray chamber (13), a second enclosed spray chamber (14), a third enclosed spray chamber (15), a second circulating water pump (22), a first three-way control valve (23), a third circulating water pump (24), a second three-way control valve (25), and a fourth circulating water pump (26); the servers in the data center computer room (1) are divided into first-level servers (2), second-level servers (3), and third-level servers (4); the first-level servers (2) contain first-level liquid cooling plates (5) and first-level heat-generating electronic components (6), the second-level servers (3) contain second-level liquid cooling plates (7) and second-level heat-generating electronic components (8), and the third-level servers (4) contain third-level liquid cooling plates (9) and third-level heat-generating electronic components (10); the first enclosed spray chamber (13) includes a first spray device (16) and a first heat exchanger (17); the second enclosed spray chamber (14) includes a second spray device (18) and a second heat exchanger (19); the third enclosed spray chamber (15) includes a third spray device (20) and a third heat exchanger (21); the inlet of the first circulating water pump (11) is connected to the liquid cooling outlet of the data center computer room (1), the outlet of the first circulating water pump (11) is connected to the inlet of the first enclosed spray chamber (13), and a water replenishing tank (12) is connected in the middle. The outlet of the first enclosed spray chamber (13) is connected to the inlet of the second circulating water pump (22), the second circulating water pump (22) is connected to the first three-way control valve (23), the first outlet of the first three-way control valve (23) is connected to the inlet of the liquid cooling end of the first-level server (2), the second outlet of the first three-way control valve (23) is connected to the inlet of the second enclosed spray chamber (14), the outlet of the second enclosed spray chamber (14) is connected to the inlet of the third circulating water pump (24), the third circulating water pump (24) is connected to the second three-way control valve (25), the first outlet of the second three-way control valve (25) is connected to the inlet of the liquid cooling end of the second-level server (3), the second outlet of the second three-way control valve (25) is connected to the inlet of the third enclosed spray chamber (15), the outlet of the third enclosed spray chamber (15) is connected to the inlet of the fourth circulating water pump (26), and the outlet of the fourth circulating water pump (26) is connected to the inlet of the liquid cooling end of the third-level server (4). After the liquid cooling ends of the first-level servers (2), second-level servers (3), and third-level servers (4) in the data center computer room (1) mix the cooling circulating working medium, it is connected to the first circulating water pump (11) to form a complete data center liquid cooling cycle; The air-cooling module includes a first heat exchanger (17), a second heat exchanger (19), a third heat exchanger (21), a compressor (28), a fourth heat exchanger (31), a cooling tower (29), a fan (30), a four-way control valve (27), and an expansion valve (32); the fan (30) and the fourth heat exchanger (31) are placed in the cooling tower (29); the outlet of the compressor (28) is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (31), the outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (31) is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve (32), the outlet of the expansion valve (32) is connected to the inlet of the four-way control valve (27), one outlet of the four-way control valve (27) is connected to the inlet end of the first heat exchanger (17) in the first closed spray chamber (13), the second outlet of the four-way control valve (27) is connected to the inlet end of the second heat exchanger (19) in the second closed spray chamber (14), the third outlet of the four-way control valve (27) is connected to the inlet end of the third heat exchanger (21) in the third closed spray chamber (15), and the outlet ends of the first heat exchanger (17), the second heat exchanger (19), and the third heat exchanger (21) are all connected to the inlet end of the compressor (28).

2. The liquid cooling system for a data center of a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling circulating working medium in the liquid cooling module of the data center is an ethylene glycol solution with a volume concentration of 40%.

3. The liquid cooling system for a data center of a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server according to claim 1, wherein: The circulating working medium between the first heat exchanger (17), the second heat exchanger (19), the third heat exchanger (21) and the fourth heat exchanger (31) is a Freon refrigerant.

4. The liquid cooling system for a data center of a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server according to claim 1, wherein: The first three-way control valve (23), the second three-way control valve (25), and the four-way control valve (27) are all electric butterfly valves.

5. The liquid cooling system for a data center of a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server according to claim 1, wherein: The primary liquid cooling plate (5), the secondary liquid cooling plate (7), and the tertiary liquid cooling plate (9) are microchannel liquid cooling plates; the first heat exchanger (17), the second heat exchanger (19), and the third heat exchanger (21) are shell-and-tube heat exchangers; the fourth heat exchanger (31) is a finned heat exchanger.

6. The method of the liquid cooling system for a data center of a hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid cooling system for the data center of the hierarchical evaporation cooling server can perform hierarchical cooling according to the different loads of different cabinets in the data center computer room (1); Among them, the primary server 2 is a low-load server, the secondary server 3 is a medium-load server, and the tertiary server 4 is a high-load server; The specific implementation method is to divide the servers in the data center computer room (1) into primary servers (2), secondary servers (3), and tertiary servers (4); In the data center computer room (1), the primary heat - generating electronic components (6) transfer the generated heat to the cooling circulating working fluid in the primary liquid - cooling plate (5) in the forms of heat conduction and heat convection. The cooling circulating working fluid absorbs the heat, and the primary heat - generating electronic components (6) are cooled and maintained within the normal operating temperature range. The secondary heat - generating electronic components (8) are cooled by the secondary liquid - cooling plate (7), and the tertiary heat - generating electronic components (10) are cooled by the tertiary liquid - cooling plate (9). The cooling circulating working fluid in the primary liquid - cooling plate (5), the cooling circulating working fluid in the secondary liquid - cooling plate (7), and the cooling circulating working fluid in the tertiary liquid - cooling plate (9) are mixed and then enter the first circulation pump (11). Through the first spray device (16) in the first enclosed spray chamber (13), the cooling circulating working fluid is sprayed on the surface of the first heat exchanger (17) in the form of small droplets, and exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger (17). The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, and the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger (17) absorbs heat. The temperature of the circulating working fluid in the first heat exchanger (17) rises, and the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is initially reduced. The cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the first enclosed spray chamber (13), and then, through the second circulation pump (22), flows from the first outlet of the first three - way control valve (23) to the primary liquid - cooling plate (5), and is transported from the second outlet of the first three - way control valve (23) to the second spray device (18) in the second enclosed spray chamber (14). The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger (19) through the second spray device (18). The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, and the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger (19) absorbs heat. The temperature of the circulating working fluid in the second heat exchanger (19) rises, and the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is reduced for the second time. The cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the second enclosed spray chamber (14), and then, through the third circulation pump (24), flows from the first outlet of the second three - way control valve (25) to the secondary liquid - cooling plate (7), and is transported from the second outlet of the second three - way control valve (25) to the third spray device (20) in the third enclosed spray chamber (15). The cooling circulating working fluid exchanges heat with the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger (21) through the third spray device (20). The cooling circulating working fluid releases heat, and the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger (21) absorbs heat. The temperature of the circulating working fluid in the third heat exchanger (21) rises, and the temperature of the cooling circulating working fluid is reduced again. The cooled cooling circulating working fluid accumulates at the bottom of the third enclosed spray chamber (15), and then, through the fourth circulation pump (26), flows to the tertiary liquid - cooling plate (9). The primary server (2) absorbs heat through the primary liquid - cooling plate (5), the secondary server (3) absorbs heat through the secondary liquid - cooling plate (7), and the tertiary server (4) absorbs heat through the tertiary liquid - cooling plate (9). After completing the heat - absorption cooling, the cooling circulating working fluid is mixed and then enters the first enclosed spray chamber (13) through the first circulation pump (11) to start a new cycle.

7. A method for a liquid cooling system of a data center with hierarchical spray evaporation cooling server according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first heat exchanger (17) absorbs the heat of the spray droplets in the first closed spray chamber (13), and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium after absorbing heat; The second heat exchanger (19) absorbs heat in the second closed spray chamber (14), and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium after absorbing heat; The third heat exchanger (21) absorbs heat in the third closed spray chamber (15), and the low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium becomes a high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium after absorbing heat; After the high-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working media in the first heat exchanger (17), the second heat exchanger (19) and the third heat exchanger (21) are collected, they are compressed by the compressor (28) and transformed into a high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium. The high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium enters the cooling tower (29). The fan (30) and the fourth heat exchanger (31) in the cooling tower (29) exchange heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium and the outside world to obtain a low-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium. The low-temperature and high-pressure cooling circulating working medium expands through the expansion valve (32) and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure cooling circulating working medium. Then, the medium is sent to the first heat exchanger (17) in the first closed spray chamber (13) through the first outlet of the four-way control valve (27), sent to the second heat exchanger (19) in the second closed spray chamber (14) through the second outlet of the four-way control valve (27), and sent to the third heat exchanger (21) in the third closed spray chamber (15) through the third outlet of the four-way control valve (27). The low-temperature medium absorbs heat from the droplets in the closed spray chamber again in the first heat exchanger (17), the second heat exchanger (19), and the third heat exchanger (21) in the closed spray chamber.

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