Gooling breeding feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a young goose breeding feed, belongs to the technical field of breeding feeds, and aims to solve the problems of complex formula, high cost and unstable effect of the existing improved feed. The energy raw material accounts for 55-68%, preferably 62%; the protein raw material accounts for 22-30%, preferably 26%; the premix accounts for 5-8%, preferably 6.5%; by means of the synergistic effect of the compound enzyme preparation and the microecological preparation, the digestion rate of crude protein is remarkably increased to 78.6% (P is smaller than 0.01), the utilization efficiency of the feed is effectively improved, the half-life period of vitamin D3 is prolonged to 48 hours by means of a slow-release system formed through the nanometer coating technology, a stable vitamin D3 source is continuously provided for goslings, and the purpose of improving the immunity of the goslings is achieved. According to the requirements of goslings for calcium and phosphorus in different growth stages, the calcium-phosphorus ratio is subjected to gradient adjustment in a range of 1.8: 1 to 2.2: 1, the requirements of goslings for skeletal development and metabolism are met, and diseases caused by calcium-phosphorus imbalance are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a gosling breeding feed, belonging to the technical field of breeding feed, and in particular relates to the technical field of gosling breeding feed. Background Art

[0002] Goslings grow and develop rapidly, but their digestive organs are not fully developed, which determines their special requirements for feed. High-quality feed is the key to the healthy growth of goslings. It can not only meet their nutritional needs and promote growth, but also enhance immunity and reduce breeding risks. It is of great significance to the economic and social benefits of the goose breeding industry. However, there are many disadvantages in the goose breeding feed on the current market.

[0003] Unreasonable nutritional composition: The protein content of some feeds is unbalanced. Too high a protein content can easily increase the burden on the liver and kidneys of goslings and cause metabolic diseases; too low a protein content cannot meet their needs for rapid growth, leading to slow growth and substandard weight. At the same time, the proportion of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals is also unscientific. For example, the lack or imbalance of vitamins A, D, E, calcium, and phosphorus can easily cause problems such as osteomalacia and feather dysplasia in goslings. Moreover, traditional gosling feeds generally have low crude protein utilization (<65%) and an unbalanced calcium-phosphorus ratio (1.2:1-1.5:1), which makes it difficult to meet the growth needs of goslings.

[0004] Poor palatability and digestibility: Many feed raw materials are not ground to the right particle size. If the particle size is too large, it is not conducive to the goslings' feeding and digestion. If the particle size is too small, the cohesiveness will be too strong during pelleting, affecting the palatability. In addition, anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in soybean meal have not been effectively processed, which hinders the absorption of nutrients by the goslings, reduces feed utilization, and increases breeding costs.

[0005] Poor immune enhancement effect: The immune system of goslings is imperfect and they are vulnerable to pathogens. However, most feeds lack functional ingredients that enhance immunity, which makes goslings frequently sick. The large-scale use of drugs to treat diseases not only increases breeding risks, but also affects the quality of goose meat and food safety. Most commercial products use antibiotics to promote growth, which brings the risk of drug resistance. The EU EFSA 2022 report shows that the detection rate of drug-resistant genes is >42%.

[0006] In response to these problems, although researchers and breeding companies are actively developing new feeds, the existing improved feeds still have problems such as complex formulas, high costs, and unstable effects, making them difficult to be widely used in actual breeding. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a feed that is nutritionally balanced, palatable, highly digestible, can enhance the immunity of goslings, and has a reasonable cost, as well as a simple preparation method. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a feed for raising young geese, thereby solving the problems of complex formula, high cost and unstable effect existing in the existing improved feeds.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A feed for raising young geese, by weight percentage, the energy raw materials account for 55-68%, preferably 62%; the protein raw materials account for 22-30%, preferably 26%; the premix accounts for 5-8%, preferably 6.5%; the functional additive accounts for 3-7%, preferably 5.5%.

[0009] Taking common raw materials as an example, corn 50-65%, extruded soybean 10-15%, rapeseed meal 5-10%, fish meal 3-6%, compound enzyme preparation 0.1-0.3%, probiotic preparation 0.1-0.5%, vitamin premix 0.3-0.8%, mineral premix 0.5-1.2%, and the balance is wheat bran; or corn 40-50 parts, soybean meal 20-25 parts, wheat bran 8-12 parts, fish meal 3-5 parts, alfalfa meal 5-8 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1-2 parts, stone powder 0.8-1.2 parts, salt 0.2-0.4 parts, premix 0.5-1 part, probiotic preparation 0.3-0.6 parts, Chinese herbal medicine extract 0.2-0.5 parts.

[0010] Core functional components Compound enzyme preparation: Composed of xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase, and the enzyme activities reach 1500U / g, 800U / g and 500U / g respectively. These enzymes can effectively decompose the anti-nutritional factors in the feed. For example, xylanase and β-glucanase can degrade xylan and β-glucan in the plant cell wall, improving the digestibility of the feed; phytase can decompose phytic acid and release minerals such as phosphorus, improving the utilization rate of minerals.

[0011] Microecological preparation: Contains Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis CGMCC No. 11741) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF-36), or is a mixed bacterium agent of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and lactic acid bacteria, and the weight ratio of the three is 2:1:1. They can regulate the balance of the intestinal microflora of young geese, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, enhance the intestinal barrier function, and improve the digestion and absorption ability and immunity of young geese.

[0012] Nanocoated vitamin D3: The particle size is 80-120nm, and the encapsulation rate > 92%. Through the nanocoating technology, the stability and bioavailability of vitamin D3 are improved, which is helpful for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus by young geese and promotes bone development. In addition, a Chinese herbal medicine extract can also be added, which is prepared by extracting astragalus, isatis root, honeysuckle and forsythia in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1 to enhance the immunity of young geese.

[0013] The preparation method of special feed for goslings includes the following processes: raw material pretreatment, three-stage conditioning, ring die granulation, liquid post-spraying and the like; the raw material pretreatment is to grind corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and alfalfa powder into suitable particle sizes respectively, the particle size of corn after grinding can pass through a 40-60 mesh sieve, the soybean meal can pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and the wheat bran can pass through a 30-50 mesh sieve.

[0014] Preparation process innovation Three-stage conditioning process: The first-stage conditioning temperature is 65℃ / 20s to initially mature the raw materials and adjust the moisture content; the second-stage is puffing treatment, with a die hole diameter of 3mm and a puffing degree of 1.8 to improve the palatability and digestibility of the feed; the third-stage liquid is sprayed, with a loss rate of <3%, to ensure the activity of heat-sensitive ingredients (such as vitamins, probiotics, etc.).

[0015] Gradient mixing order: first premix the carrier to fully mix the trace components that are difficult to mix with the carrier; then expand the trace components to increase the dispersibility of the trace components; finally dilute and mix step by step to make the coefficient of variation (CV) ≤5% to ensure uniform feed ingredients. In the specific implementation process, when pretreating the raw materials, corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, alfalfa powder, etc. are crushed to a suitable particle size. The corn can pass through a 40-60 mesh screen after crushing, the soybean meal can pass through a 60-80 mesh screen, the wheat bran can pass through a 30-50 mesh screen, the alfalfa powder can pass through a 50-70 mesh screen, and the fish meal is sieved to remove impurities. Then, various vitamins and trace elements are made into premixes in proportion, and the relevant Chinese herbal medicines are mixed, soaked, decocted, filtered, concentrated, and dried in proportion to make Chinese herbal extracts. Then, the pretreated raw materials, premixes, probiotic preparations, Chinese herbal extracts, etc. are added to the mixer in turn and stirred for 8-12 minutes. Finally, the mixed material is transported to a pelletizer and made into pellet feed with a particle size of 1.5-2.0 mm at 60-70°C and a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The first "enzyme-bacteria synergy" system: through the synergistic effect of compound enzyme preparations and microecological preparations, the crude protein digestibility was significantly improved to 78.6% (P < 0.01), effectively improving the utilization efficiency of feed.

[0017] Sustained-release technology improves the effect of vitamin D3: The sustained-release system formed by nano-coating technology extends the half-life of vitamin D3 to 48 hours (conventional preparations are only 12 hours), continuously providing goslings with a stable source of vitamin D3, promoting calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone development.

[0018] Establish a calcium and phosphorus dynamic balance model: According to the requirements of young geese for calcium and phosphorus at different growth stages, the calcium-phosphorus ratio is adjusted in gradients between 1.8:1 and 2.2:1 to meet the needs of the skeletal development and metabolism of young geese and reduce diseases caused by calcium-phosphorus imbalance.

[0019] Enhance immunity and reasonable cost: The added Chinese herbal medicine extracts and probiotic preparations synergistically enhance the immunity of young geese, reducing the incidence and mortality. At the same time, the feed formula uses common agricultural products and their processed by-products, which are widely sourced, have stable prices, simple preparation methods, are suitable for large-scale production, and effectively control costs. Specific implementation method

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention provides a technical solution: Embodiment

[0022] Raw material ratio: corn 58%, extruded soybean 12%, rapeseed meal 8%, fish meal 4%, stone powder 1.2%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8%, salt 0.3%, compound enzyme 0.15%, probiotic preparation 0.2%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 0.85%, and the balance is wheat bran.

[0023] Preparation process Raw material pretreatment: Corn and soybeans are crushed and passed through a 2.0 mm sieve.

[0024] Mixing section: Add trace components in three times, and the mixing time each time is ≥ 3 min.

[0025] Pelleting parameters: Ring die compression ratio 1:6, steam pressure 0.35 MPa.

[0026] Post-spraying: Use a rotary spraying machine, and the atomization pressure is 0.15 MPa.

[0027] (2) Embodiment 2 Raw material ratio: corn 40 parts, soybean meal 20 parts, wheat bran 8 parts, fish meal 3 parts, alfalfa meal 5 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1 part, stone powder 0.8 part, salt 0.2 part, premix 0.5 part, probiotic preparation 0.3 part, Chinese herbal medicine extract 0.2 part.

[0028] Preparation process Raw material pretreatment: Corn is crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve, soybean meal is crushed to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, wheat bran is crushed to pass through a 30-mesh sieve, alfalfa meal is crushed to pass through a 50-mesh sieve, and fish meal is sieved.

[0029] Premix preparation: Various vitamins and trace elements are added to a premixer according to the formula ratio and fully mixed to prepare a premix.

[0030] Preparation of Chinese herbal medicine extract: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Lonicera japonica, and Forsythia suspensa are mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1:1, added with 10 times the amount of water and soaked for 1 hour, decocted for 1 hour, and the filtrate is filtered; the residue is added with 8 times the amount of water and decocted for another 0.5 hour, filtered, and the filtrate is collected; the filtrates are combined, concentrated, and dried to prepare a Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0031] Mixing and stirring: The pretreated raw materials, premix, probiotic preparation, and Chinese herbal medicine extract are sequentially added to a mixer and stirred for 8 minutes.

[0032] Pelleting: The mixed materials are transported to a pellet mill and made into pellet feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm under the conditions of 60 °C and a pressure of 0.3 MPa.

[0033] (III) Example 3 Raw material ratio: 50 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of alfalfa meal, 2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of stone powder, 0.4 parts of salt, 1 part of premix, 0.6 parts of probiotic preparation, and 0.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract.

[0034] Preparation process Raw material pretreatment: Corn is crushed to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, soybean meal is crushed to pass through an 80-mesh sieve, wheat bran is crushed to pass through a 50-mesh sieve, alfalfa meal is crushed to pass through a 70-mesh sieve, and fish meal is sieved.

[0035] Premix preparation: Vitamins and trace elements are mixed in proportion to prepare a premix.

[0036] Preparation of Chinese herbal medicine extract: Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Lonicera japonica, and Forsythia suspensa are mixed in proportion, added with 15 times the amount of water and soaked for 2 hours, decocted for 1.5 hours, and filtered; the residue is added with 10 times the amount of water and boiled for 1 hour, filtered, and the filtrates are combined, concentrated, and dried.

[0037] Mixing and stirring: All raw materials are added to a mixer and stirred for 12 minutes.

[0038] Pelleting: Pellet feed with a particle size of 2.0 mm is made under the conditions of 70 °C and a pressure of 0.5 MPa.

[0039] (IV) Comparative experiment Select four young goose breeding houses with the same conditions, and raise 100 one-day-old Yangzhou white geese with similar physical constitutions in each breeding house (other breeds of young geese can also be selected for comparative experiments). Feed the breeding house 1 with the feed of Example 1, feed the breeding house 2 with the feed of Example 2, feed the breeding house 3 with the feed of Example 3, and feed the breeding house 4 with the common ordinary young goose feed on the market.

[0040] Under the same breeding environment and management conditions, after 45 days of breeding, count the growth indexes and health conditions of the young geese in each breeding house. The specific data are as follows: Index Group of the present invention (Example 1) Group of the present invention (Example 2) Group of the present invention (Example 3) Control group Improvement rate (Example 2 compared with the control group) Daily weight gain (g) 52.3 56.0 54.0 43.6 28.4% Feed to meat ratio 2.12:1 2.0:1 2.05:1 2.54:1 21.2% Diarrhea rate 3.2% 2.5% 2.8% 11.7% 78.6% Serum IgG (mg / ml) 12.8 14.0 13.5 9.3 50.5% Average weight (45 days) (kg) 1.65 1.80 1.75 1.30 38.5% Survival rate 95% 97% 96% 85% 14.1% Incidence rate 5% 3% 4% 15% 80% The experimental data show that the young goose breeding feed of the present invention has significant advantages in promoting the growth of young geese, reducing the feed-to-meat ratio, reducing diarrhea, enhancing immunity, increasing the survival rate and reducing the incidence rate, etc.

[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A kind of feed for raising young geese, characterized in that: The components contain the following mass percentages: 55-68% of energy raw materials, 22-30% of protein raw materials, 5-8% of premix, and 3-7% of functional additives; Among them, the functional additives include compound enzyme preparations, probiotic preparations, and nano-coated vitamin D3. The compound enzyme preparation consists of xylanase, β-glucanase, and phytase in an active unit ratio of 3:2:1, and the enzyme activities reach 1500 U / g, 800 U / g, and 500 U / g respectively; the probiotic preparation contains Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis, or is a mixed bacterial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; the particle size of the nano-coated vitamin D3 is 80-120 nm, and the encapsulation rate > 92%.

2. The young goose breeding feed according to claim 1, wherein: The energy raw materials contain 50-65% of corn, and the protein raw materials contain 10-15% of expanded soybean, 5-10% of rapeseed meal, 3-6% of fish meal, and the balance is wheat bran; it also contains 0.1-0.3% of compound enzyme preparation, 0.1-0.5% of probiotic preparation, 0.3-0.8% of vitamin premix, and 0.5-1.2% of mineral premix.

3. The young goose breeding feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy raw materials contain 40-50 parts of corn, and the protein raw materials contain 20-25 parts of soybean meal; it also contains 8-12 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of fish meal, 5-8 parts of alfalfa meal, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of limestone powder, 0.2-0.4 parts of table salt, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.3-0.6 parts of probiotic preparation, and 0.2-0.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract. The Chinese herbal medicine extract is prepared by extracting Astragalus membranaceus, Isatis indigotica, Lonicera japonica, and Forsythia suspensa in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:

1.

4. A kind of feed for raising young geese according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix contains various vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, etc., as well as various trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, etc.