Metal tailing comprehensive utilization treatment process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of dangerous solid wastes, and particularly relates to a production process for full-quantitative comprehensive utilization of metal tailings, which at least comprises the following process flow steps: step 1, burdening and grinding; step 2, sintering; step 3, dissolving out the clinker; step 4, carrying out solid-liquid separation; 5, gradient washing and solid-liquid separation; step 6, preparing acid; 7, acid leaching and separation; 8, gradient washing and solid-liquid separation; step 9, dehydrating and drying; step 10, aging the gel; eleventhly, solid-liquid separation is conducted, specifically, solid-liquid separation is conducted on the gel generated in the tenth step, and a liquid phase is de-crystallized; the main component of the solid phase is silica gel; step 12, gradient washing and solid-liquid separation; step 13, crystallizing; step 14, separating; step 15, concentrating and crystallizing; step 16, carrying out polymerization reaction; and seventhly, filtering. According to the invention, environmental pollution can be reduced, energy consumption is reduced, and full utilization of resources is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of hazardous and solid wastes, and particularly relates to a production process for the full-quantification comprehensive utilization of metal tailings. Technical Background

[0002] The treatment of metal tailings is an important link in the mining and smelting industries, mainly referring to the treatment of useful metals and other harmful substances that have not been extracted from metal ores to reduce environmental pollution and resource waste. At present, the following methods are mainly used for the treatment of metal tailings:

[0003] 1. Flotation method: Separate useful metals and other impurities in metal ores through flotation machinery to achieve the purpose of extracting useful metals.

[0004] 2. Magnetic separation method: Separate magnetic minerals and non-magnetic minerals in metal ores by using magnetic differences to improve the recovery rate of useful metals.

[0005] 3. Gravity separation method: Separate heavy metals and light metals in metal ores through gravity separation equipment to improve the grade of useful metals.

[0006] 4. Chemical leaching method: Dissolve useful metals in metal ores by using the principle of chemical dissolution, and then extract the metals through methods such as precipitation and extraction.

[0007] However, there are some problems in the process of metal tailings treatment:

[0008] 1. Environmental pollution: Traditional metal tailings treatment methods may produce a large amount of waste water, waste residue and waste gas, which contain harmful substances and are prone to cause environmental pollution.

[0009] 2. Resource waste: In some metal tailings treatment methods, useful metals cannot be effectively recovered, resulting in resource waste.

[0010] 3. High energy consumption: Some metal tailings treatment methods require a large amount of energy support, with high energy consumption, which does not meet the requirements of sustainable development.

[0011] 4. Insufficiently advanced treatment technology: Some metal tailings treatment technologies are relatively backward and cannot efficiently treat complex tailings.

[0012] Therefore, in order to solve the problems existing in the treatment of metal tailings, it is necessary to continuously promote technological innovation. At the same time, strengthen the supervision and management in the process of metal tailings treatment to ensure compliance with environmental protection standards and regulatory requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for the full-quantification comprehensive utilization of metal tailings that can improve the metal recovery rate, reduce environmental pollution, lower energy consumption, and achieve the sustainable utilization of resources.

[0014] The object of the present invention is achieved in such a way that a production process for the comprehensive utilization of all metal tailings is characterized by at least including the following process steps:

[0015] Step 1: Batching and grinding

[0016] The mixed raw materials are added at 4‰ of the dry-based metal tailings amount and enter the ball mill. When the ball mill grinds the ore, the metal tailings and the mixed raw materials are ground into powder together. After grinding, more than 85% of the finished product particle size reaches 200 mesh;

[0017] Step 2: Sintering in a sintering furnace;

[0018] Adjust the temperature of the sintering furnace to the sintering temperature of 800 - 850 °C and control the sintering time for 30 min;

[0019] Step 3: Dissolution of clinker

[0020] The clinker sintered in the sintering furnace and the leaching solution are mixed and leached at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1. The mixing and leaching temperature is 75 °C and the time is 10 min;

[0021] Step 4: Solid-liquid separation,

[0022] After the mixed and leached clinker is dissolved, solid-liquid separation is carried out through a solid-liquid separation device. The separated solid phase goes to Step 5 for washing; the liquid phase goes to Step 9 for the process of dehydrating and drying to produce silicon powder;

[0023] Step 5: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation

[0024] The solid phase (water leaching residue) separated in Step 4 is washed with water at a liquid-solid ratio of 1 / 5 for multiple times. The washing liquid of one time is used for the next clinker dissolution, and the washing liquid of the subsequent process is used for the previous washing of the next water leaching residue; the last washing is carried out with the silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process; the washing temperature is 75 °C, and the washing time for each step is 10 min; solid-liquid separation is required for each washing operation;

[0025] Step 6: Acid preparation

[0026] Concentrated sulfuric acid, acid leaching residue washing water, and silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process are configured into a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 254 g / L for the acid dissolution operation of the water leaching residue after washing;

[0027] Step 7: Acid leaching and separation

[0028] The acid leaching operation is carried out under normal pressure. The sulfuric acid solution configured in Step 6 and the water leaching residue flowing out of Step 5 have a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1; the acid leaching time is 5 - 10 min; the leaching temperature is from normal temperature to 60 °C; after acid leaching and dissolution, solid-liquid separation operation is carried out; the solid phase goes to washing, and the liquid phase goes to Step 10 for the aging gel operation;

[0029] Step Eight: Gradient Washing and Solid-Liquid Separation

[0030] The acid leaching residue obtained by acid leaching is washed twice with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. One of the washing liquids is used for the next acid preparation, and the second washing liquid is used for the first washing of the next acid leaching residue. The second washing of the next acid leaching residue is washed with clear water; the washing temperature is 60°C, and the washing time is 10 min; each washing operation is accompanied by solid-liquid separation; the solid-phase concentrate powder is obtained after solid-liquid separation;

[0031] Step Nine: Dewatering and Drying

[0032] A large amount of silicon dioxide is contained in the liquid phase obtained by the solid-liquid separation in Step Four. After being combined with the silica gel obtained in Step Twelve and undergoing dehydration and drying, one of the products of the process of the present invention, silicon powder, can be obtained;

[0033] Step Ten: Aging the Gel

[0034] The liquid phase obtained in Step Seven undergoes the aging gel process. In the aging gel process, the aging temperature is 85°C, the aging time is 2 h, and gel is formed during the aging process;

[0035] Step Eleven: Solid-Liquid Separation

[0036] Solid-liquid separation is performed on the gel produced in Step Ten. The liquid phase goes to Step Thirteen for crystallization; the main component of the solid phase is silica gel and goes to Step Twelve for washing;

[0037] Step Twelve: Gradient Washing and Solid-Liquid Separation

[0038] The silica gel produced in Step Eleven is washed in a circulating washing method, with a total of 2 washes, and fresh water is added for the last wash, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5; the washing water temperature is 60°C, and each washing time is 10 min; each washing operation is accompanied by solid-liquid separation; the washing water is used to prepare the sulfuric acid solution, and the solid phase goes to dehydration and drying to produce silicon powder;

[0039] Step Thirteen: Crystallization

[0040] The liquid phase produced in Step Eleven goes for natural crystallization, with a crystallization temperature of 20 - 25°C and a crystallization time of 3 - 6 h.

[0041] Step Fourteen: Separation

[0042] The above crystallization mixture is separated. The solid phase participates in the subsequent polymerization reaction; the liquid phase is further concentrated and crystallized;

[0043] Step Fifteen: Concentration and Crystallization

[0044] After the above-mentioned first concentration and crystallization, one of the products of the process of the present invention, high-enrichment metal powder, can be obtained;

[0045] Step Sixteen: Polymerization Reaction

[0046] The polymerization temperature is 80°C, the polymerization time is 40 min, the pH value of the polymerized solution after formulation is 3, the aging temperature is 40°C, and the aging time is 4 h;

[0047] Step XVII: Filtration

[0048] The mixture obtained after the above polymerization and aging is filtered, and the solid phase is combined with the concentrate powder obtained in Step VIII; the liquid phase is one of the products of the process of the present invention: a water purifying agent.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] (1) Full quantification: The process of the present invention can make all elements of the metal tailings be fully utilized, and all components in the tailings enter the products.

[0051] (2) No generation of three wastes: All the input raw and auxiliary materials in the process of the present invention are transferred into the products, without generating waste water and solid waste; the water vapor generated in the process can be comprehensively utilized, and after recovering the heat, it is returned to the process, which can achieve the purpose of reducing crystal consumption.

[0052] (3) Considerable economic and financial benefits: The process of the present invention can effectively solve the problem of the accumulation of gold tailings and the inability to effectively treat them; moreover, the obtained products have high added value and large market demand, and the financial benefits are considerable.

[0053] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the process flow chart of the embodiments: Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 It is the process flow chart of the embodiment. Detailed Embodiments

[0055] Example 1

[0056] As Figure 1 shown, a production process for the full quantification and comprehensive utilization of metal tailings is characterized in that it at least includes the following process flow steps:

[0057] Step 1: Batching and grinding

[0058] The mixed raw materials are added according to 4‰ of the dry-based metal tailings amount and enter the ball mill. When the ball mill grinds the ore, the metal tailings and the mixed raw materials are ground into powder together, and after grinding, more than 85% of the finished product particle size reaches 200 mesh;

[0059] Step 2: Sintering in a sintering furnace;

[0060] Adjust the temperature of the sintering furnace to the sintering temperature of 800°C and control the sintering time to 30 min;

[0061] Step 3: Dissolution of the clinker

[0062] The clinker after sintering in the sintering furnace is mixed and leached with the leaching solution at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1, the mixing and leaching temperature is 75°C, and the time is 10 min;

[0063] Step Four: Solid-liquid separation,

[0064] After the mixed and leached clinker is dissolved, solid-liquid separation is carried out by a solid-liquid separation device. The separated solid phase goes to Step Five for washing; the liquid phase goes to Step Nine for the process of dehydrating and drying to produce silicon powder.

[0065] Step Five: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation

[0066] The solid phase (water leaching residue) separated in Step Four is washed with water multiple times at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 / 5. One of the washing solutions is used for the next dissolution of clinker, and the subsequent washing solution is used for the previous washing of the next water leaching residue; the last washing is carried out with the silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process; the washing temperature is 75°C, and the time for each washing is 10 min; each washing operation is accompanied by solid-liquid separation;

[0067] Step Six: Acid preparation

[0068] Concentrated sulfuric acid, acid leaching residue washing water, and silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process are configured into a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 254 g / L for the acid dissolution operation of the water leaching residue after washing;

[0069] Step Seven: Acid leaching and separation

[0070] The acid leaching operation is carried out under normal pressure. The sulfuric acid solution prepared in Step Six and the water leaching residue flowing out of Step Five have a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1; the acid leaching time is 5 min; the leaching temperature ranges from normal temperature to 60°C; after acid leaching and dissolution, a solid-liquid separation operation is carried out; the solid phase goes for washing, and the liquid phase goes to Step Ten for the aging gel operation;

[0071] Step Eight: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation

[0072] The acid leaching residue obtained by acid leaching is washed twice with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. One of the washing solutions is used for the next acid preparation, the second washing solution is used for the first washing of the next acid leaching residue, and the second washing of the next acid leaching residue is washed with clean water; the washing temperature is 60°C, and the washing time is 10 min; each washing operation is accompanied by solid-liquid separation; the solid phase obtained after solid-liquid separation is the concentrated ore powder;

[0073] Step Nine: Dehydration and drying

[0074] The liquid phase obtained by solid-liquid separation in Step Four contains a large amount of silicon dioxide. After being combined with the silica gel obtained in Step Twelve and dehydrated and dried, one of the products of the process of the present invention, silicon powder, can be obtained;

[0075] Step Ten: Aging gel

[0076] The liquid phase obtained in Step Seven is subjected to an aging gel process. In the aging gel process, the aging temperature is 85 °C, the aging time is 2 h, and gel is formed during the aging process.

[0077] Step Eleven: Solid-liquid separation

[0078] The gel produced in Step Ten is subjected to solid-liquid separation. The liquid phase goes to Step Thirteen for crystallization; the main component of the solid phase is silica gel and goes to Step Twelve for washing.

[0079] Step Twelve: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation

[0080] The silica gel produced in Step Eleven is washed by a cyclic washing method for a total of 2 times. Fresh water is added for the last washing, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:5; the washing water temperature is 60 °C, and the washing time for each time is 10 min; solid-liquid separation is required for each washing operation; the washing water is used to prepare sulfuric acid solution, and the solid phase goes to dehydration and drying to produce silicon powder.

[0081] Step Thirteen: Crystallization

[0082] The liquid phase produced in Step Eleven goes to natural crystallization. The crystallization temperature is 20 - 25 °C, and the crystallization time is 3 - 6 h.

[0083] Step Fourteen: Separation

[0084] The above crystallization mixture is separated. The solid phase participates in the subsequent polymerization reaction; the liquid phase is further concentrated and crystallized.

[0085] Step Fifteen: Concentration and crystallization

[0086] After the above-mentioned first concentration and crystallization, one of the products of the process of the present invention can be obtained: highly enriched metal powder.

[0087] Step Sixteen: Polymerization reaction

[0088] The polymerization temperature is 80 °C, the polymerization time is 40 min, the pH value of the polymerized liquid after formulation is 3, the curing temperature is 40 °C, and the curing time is 4 h.

[0089] Step Seventeen: Filtration

[0090] The mixture obtained after the above polymerization and curing is filtered. The solid phase is combined with the concentrate powder obtained in Step Eight; the liquid phase is one of the products of the process of the present invention: water purifying agent.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] As Figure 1 shown, a production process for the full-quantification comprehensive utilization of metal tailings is characterized by at least including the following technological process steps:

[0093] Step One: Batching and grinding

[0094] The mixed raw materials are added at 4‰ of the dry-based metal tailings volume and enter the ball mill. When the ball mill is grinding, the metal tailings and the mixed raw materials are ground into powder together. After grinding, more than 85% of the finished product particle size reaches 200 mesh.

[0095] Step 2: Sintering in the sintering furnace;

[0096] Adjust the temperature of the sintering furnace to the sintering temperature of 850 °C and control the sintering time for 30 min;

[0097] Step 3: Dissolution of the clinker

[0098] The clinker sintered in the sintering furnace and the leaching solution are mixed and leached at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1. The mixing and leaching temperature is 75 °C and the time is 10 min;

[0099] Step 4: Solid-liquid separation

[0100] After the mixed and leached clinker is dissolved, solid-liquid separation is carried out through a solid-liquid separation device. The separated solid phase goes to Step 5 for washing; the liquid phase goes to Step 9 for the process of dehydrating and drying to produce silica powder.

[0101] Step 5: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation

[0102] The solid phase (water leaching residue) separated in Step 4 is washed multiple times with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 / 5. One of the washing liquids is used for the next clinker dissolution, and the subsequent washing liquid is used for the previous washing of the next water leaching residue; the last washing is carried out with the silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process; the washing temperature is 75 °C, and the washing time for each step is 10 min; solid-liquid separation is required for each washing operation.

[0103] Step 6: Acid preparation

[0104] Concentrated sulfuric acid, acid leaching residue washing water, and silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process are configured into a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 254 g / L for the acid dissolution operation of the water leaching residue after washing.

[0105] Step 7: Acid leaching and separation

[0106] The acid leaching operation is carried out under normal pressure. The sulfuric acid solution configured in Step 6 and the water leaching residue flowing out of Step 5 have a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1; the acid leaching time is 10 min; the leaching temperature is from normal temperature to 60 °C; solid-liquid separation operation is carried out after acid leaching dissolution; the solid phase goes to washing, and the liquid phase goes to Step 10 for the aging gel operation.

[0107] Step 8: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation

[0108] The acid leaching residue obtained by acid leaching is washed twice with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. One of the washing solutions is used for the next acid preparation, and the second washing solution is used for the first washing of the next acid leaching residue. The second washing of the next acid leaching residue is washed with clean water; the washing temperature is 60°C and the washing time is 10 min; each washing operation requires solid-liquid separation; the solid-phase concentrate powder is obtained after solid-liquid separation;

[0109] Step Nine: Dewatering and Drying

[0110] A large amount of silicon dioxide is contained in the liquid phase obtained by solid-liquid separation in Step Four. After being combined with the silica gel obtained in Step Twelve and dehydrated and dried, one of the products of the process of the present invention, silicon powder, can be obtained;

[0111] Step Ten: Aging the Gel

[0112] The liquid phase obtained in Step Seven is subjected to the aging gel process. In the aging gel process, the aging temperature is 85°C, the aging time is 2 h, and gel is generated during the aging process;

[0113] Step Eleven: Solid-Liquid Separation

[0114] Solid-liquid separation is performed on the gel generated in Step Ten. The liquid phase goes to Step Thirteen for crystallization; the main component of the solid phase is silica gel and goes to Step Twelve for washing;

[0115] Step Twelve: Gradient Washing and Solid-Liquid Separation

[0116] The silica gel generated in Step Eleven is washed in a circulating washing manner, with a total of 2 washes, and fresh water is added for the last wash, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5; the washing water temperature is 60°C, and each washing time is 10 min; each washing operation requires solid-liquid separation; the washing water is used to prepare the sulfuric acid solution, and the solid phase goes to dehydration and drying to produce silicon powder;

[0117] Step Thirteen: Crystallization

[0118] The liquid phase generated in Step Eleven goes to natural crystallization, with a crystallization temperature of 20 - 25°C and a crystallization time of 3 - 6 h.

[0119] Step Fourteen: Separation

[0120] The above crystallization mixture is separated. The solid phase participates in the subsequent polymerization reaction; the liquid phase is further concentrated and crystallized;

[0121] Step Fifteen: Concentration and Crystallization

[0122] After the first concentration and crystallization above, one of the products of the process of the present invention, high-enrichment metal powder, can be obtained;

[0123] Step Sixteen: Polymerization Reaction

[0124] The polymerization temperature is 80°C, the polymerization time is 40 min, the pH value of the polymerized liquid after formulation is 3, the curing temperature is 40°C, and the curing time is 4 h;

[0125] Step XVII: Filtration

[0126] The mixture obtained after the above polymerization and curing is filtered, and the solid phase is combined with the concentrate powder obtained in Step VIII; the liquid phase is one of the products of the process of the present invention: a water purifying agent.

[0127] The mixed raw materials of the present invention are: an alkaline liquid such as sodium hydroxide or an acidic liquid such as sulfuric acid.

[0128] The input-output quota of the present invention:

[0129]

[0130]

[0131]

Claims

1. A production process for the comprehensive utilization of all metal tailings, characterized in that It includes at least the following technological process steps: Step 1: Batching and grinding The mixed raw materials are added at 4‰ of the dry-based metal tailings amount. During grinding, the metal tailings and the mixed raw materials are ground into powder together. After grinding, more than 85% of the finished product particle size reaches 200 mesh; Step 2: Sintering The sintering temperature is 800 - 850 °C, and the sintering time is 30 min; Step 3: Dissolution of clinker The liquid-solid ratio of the leaching solution to the clinker is 5, the leaching temperature is 75 °C, and the time is 10 min; Step 4: Solid-liquid separation After the dissolution of the clinker, solid-liquid separation is carried out. The solid phase goes for washing, and the liquid phase goes for dehydration and drying to produce silicon powder; Step 5: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation; Step 6: Acid preparation; Step 7: Acid leaching and separation; Step 8: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation; Step 9: Dehydration and drying; The liquid phase obtained from the solid-liquid separation in Step 4 contains a large amount of silicon dioxide. After being combined with the silica gel obtained in Step 12 and dehydrated and dried, one of the products of the process of the present invention can be obtained: silicon powder; Step 10: Aging gel The aging temperature is 85 °C, the aging time is 2 h, and gel is generated during the aging process; Step 11: Solid-liquid separation, including solid-liquid separation of the gel generated in Step 10. The liquid phase goes for crystallization; the main component of the solid phase is silica gel, which goes for washing; Step 12: Gradient washing and solid-liquid separation; The silica gel generated in Step 11 is washed in a circulating washing method, with a total of 2 washes. Fresh water is added for the last wash, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1 / 5; the washing water temperature is 60 °C, and the washing time for each time is 10 min. Solid-liquid separation is required for each washing operation; the washing water is used to prepare sulfuric acid solution, and the solid phase goes for dehydration and drying to produce silicon powder; Step 13: Crystallization; The liquid phase generated in Step 11 goes for natural crystallization. The crystallization temperature is 20 - 25 °C, and the crystallization time is 3 - 6 h; Step 14: Separation The above crystallization mixture is separated. The solid phase participates in the subsequent polymerization reaction; the liquid phase is further concentrated and crystallized; Step 15: Concentration and crystallization, After crystallization, high-enrichment metal powder is obtained; Step 16: Polymerization reaction The polymerization temperature is 80 °C, the polymerization time is 40 min, the pH value of the polymerized liquid after formulation is 3, the curing temperature is 40 °C, and the curing time is 4 h; Step 17: Filtration. The mixture obtained after the above polymerization and curing is filtered, and the solid phase is combined with the concentrate powder obtained in Step 8; the liquid phase is one of the products of the process of the present invention: water purifying agent.

2. The production process for the comprehensive utilization of all metal tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said Step 5 is carried out according to the following technological steps: The solid-phase water leaching residue separated in Step 4 is washed with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 three to five times. One of the washing solutions is used for the next dissolution of the clinker, the subsequent washing solution is used for the previous washing of the next water leaching residue, and the last washing is carried out with the silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process.

3. The production process for the full - scale comprehensive utilization of metal tailings according to claim 2, characterized in that, When washing with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 / 5 three to five times, the washing temperature is 75 °C, and the washing time for each step is 10 min; Solid-liquid separation is required for each washing operation.

4. The production process for the comprehensive utilization of all metal tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acid preparation in the said Step 6 includes; concentrated sulfuric acid, acid leaching residue washing water, and silica gel washing water collected in the subsequent process are configured into a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 254 g / L for the acid dissolution operation of the water leaching residue after washing.

5. The production process for the full-quantification comprehensive utilization of metal tailings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Step 7 described above: The operation is carried out at normal pressure during acid leaching. The solid-liquid ratio of the sulfuric acid solution to the water-leached residue is 4; the acid leaching time is 5 - 10 min; the leaching temperature is from room temperature to 60 °C; solid-liquid separation operation is carried out after acid leaching dissolution; the solid phase is washed, and the liquid phase is subjected to aging gel operation.

6. The production process for the comprehensive utilization of all metal tailings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Step 8 specifically includes washing the acid leaching residue obtained from acid leaching with water twice according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1 / 5. One of the washing liquids is used for the next acid preparation, and the second washing liquid is used for the first washing of the next acid leaching residue. The next acid leaching residue is washed twice with clean water for the second washing; the washing temperature is 60 °C, and the washing time is 10 min; solid-liquid separation is required for each washing operation; the solid phase obtained after solid-liquid separation is one of the products of the process of the present invention: concentrate powder.

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