Bionic mineralization foaming aerogel thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomimetic mineralization foaming aerogel thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. According to the method, the aerogel material with high porosity, low heat conductivity coefficient and high thermal stability is prepared through light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming, biomimetic mineralization foaming and high-temperature sintering processes. By optimizing the composition of the premixed solution and the content of the sintering filler and combining ultraviolet light staged catalytic foaming, the pore diameter uniformity and compressive strength of the material are remarkably improved, and the highest use temperature can reach 900 DEG C. Compared with a traditional method, supercritical drying is avoided, the production cost is reduced, products in complex shapes can be directly obtained without complex aftertreatment, and the method is suitable for the fields of building energy saving, aerospace and new energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic materials, and particularly relates to a biomimetic mineralization foamed aerogel thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an ultra-light solid material with a nano-porous structure, aerogel exhibits great application potential in many fields by virtue of its unique properties such as extremely low density, high porosity, extremely low thermal conductivity, and high specific surface area. In the field of building energy conservation, aerogel composites are used for exterior wall insulation and roof heat insulation, which can effectively reduce building energy consumption and provide new material options for realizing green buildings; in the industrial field, aerogel felts are widely used for heat insulation of petrochemical pipelines and storage tanks, reducing heat energy loss and improving energy utilization efficiency; in the new energy field, aerogel is used as a lithium battery separator material, improving the thermal stability and safety of the battery and promoting the development of new energy technologies; in the aerospace field, aerogel is used in thermal protection systems under extreme environments to ensure the safe operation of aircraft in complex environments.

[0003] However, at present, most aerogel composites still have many problems to be solved. On the one hand, due to its low strength and other reasons, aerogel powder cannot be directly applied and often needs to be added with fiber reinforcement to prepare aerogel felt. However, this kind of aerogel felt has problems such as low strength, poor bending resistance, and high powder shedding rate in practical applications. For example, in building insulation applications, the low strength and poor bending resistance of aerogel felt may cause it to be easily damaged during installation and use, affecting the insulation effect; the high powder shedding rate not only pollutes the environment but also may pose a hazard to human health, restricting the application of aerogel composites in some fields with high environmental and hygiene requirements.

[0004] On the other hand, the use temperature of aerogel is relatively low, generally below 650°C. To improve the temperature resistance of aerogel, researchers often use the modification method of incorporating alumina aerogel or high-temperature resistant fibers. However, from the perspective of thermal physical property matching, the thermal expansion coefficients of alumina aerogel and refractory fibers are significantly higher than those of the matrix material. Under the action of temperature cycling, due to the thermal expansion differences of each component, microcracks are easily generated inside the material. With the increase in the number of thermal shocks, these microcracks will continuously expand, ultimately leading to structural failure. For example, in the heat insulation application of high-temperature industrial furnaces, frequent temperature changes will cause microcracks to generate inside the aerogel composite material, reducing its heat insulation performance and shortening its service life.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an aerogel composite material with no powder shedding, high use temperature, and high mechanical properties, which can break through the application bottleneck of existing aerogel materials and expand its application in a wider range of fields. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a bio - mimetic mineralized foamed aerogel thermal insulation material and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems existing in the existing aerogel composite materials, such as high preparation cost, low strength, high powder falling rate, low use temperature and poor thermal shock resistance, and prepare an aerogel thermal insulation material with excellent comprehensive performance.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a preparation method of a bio - mimetic mineralized foamed aerogel thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps: S1: Mix a foaming agent, a wetting agent and a pH regulator to obtain a premixed solution; S2: Mix the premixed solution of step S1 with an aerogel precursor and a photo - controlled enzyme to obtain a pre - formed slurry S3: Add a sintering filler to the pre - formed slurry of step S2, and stir to obtain a photo - controlled enzyme - catalyzed foaming and forming mixture; S4: Inject the mixture of step S3 into a mold, and catalyze the first - order foaming for 10 - 60 minutes under blue light with a certain wavelength to obtain a first - order foaming premixed mixture; S5: Perform second - order mineralized foaming on the first - order foaming premixed mixture under ultraviolet light with a certain wavelength for 1 - 10 hours to obtain a mineralized and foamed formed body; S6: Dry and sinter the mineralized and foamed formed body at high temperature to obtain an aerogel thermal insulation material.

[0008] Further, in step S1, the wetting agent accounts for 0.5% - 3% of the total weight of the premixed solution. Under the adjustment of the pH regulator, the pH value of the premixed solution is 9 - 12. The role of the wetting agent is to improve the surface properties of the aerogel, enhance its compatibility with other components, and make the subsequent mixing more uniform; the pH regulator is used to adjust the pH value of the premixed solution, and different pH values will affect the reaction activity of the foaming agent and the structure and properties of the final aerogel.

[0009] Further, in step S2, the aerogel precursor accounts for 25% - 55% of the total weight of the pre - formed slurry; in step S3, the sintering filler accounts for 10% - 35% of the mixture; the aerogel, as the base material, provides a nano - porous structure and thermal insulation performance for the final product; the foaming agent is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, aluminum powder, hydrogen peroxide, silicate, calcium carbonate or fatty acid salt.

[0010] Further, in step S1, the wetting agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween series or silane coupling agent; Further, in step S2, the aerogel is one or more of silica aerogel, carbon aerogel, metal oxide aerogel, and organic aerogel; the light-controlled enzyme is one or several of photocleavage-coupled enzyme, photo-isomerized aptamer enzyme, upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-encapsulated enzyme, and photo-responsive metal-organic framework (MOF) dynamically confined enzyme. Specifically, the photocleavage-coupled enzyme is PhoCage-KatE; the photo-isomerized aptamer enzyme is AzoSwitch-CAT; the upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-encapsulated enzyme is UCNP@CAT-TiO2; the photo-responsive metal-organic framework (MOF) dynamically confined enzyme is PCN-224-CAT.

[0011] Further, in step S3, the sintering filler is one or more of hollow glass microspheres, bauxite, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, and mullite powder. The addition of the sintering filler can improve the sintering performance of the aerogel and enhance its mechanical strength and high-temperature resistance.

[0012] Further, it is characterized in that in step S6, the sintering temperature is 700°C - 800°C, and the sintering time is 1h - 3h.

[0013] On the other hand, the present application also provides a biomimetic mineralized foamed aerogel thermal insulation material prepared by the above preparation method. The standard deviation of the pore size distribution of the aerogel thermal insulation material is <5%, the fluctuation of the thermal conductivity is <3%, the thermal conductivity range is 0.016 - 0.039 W / (m·K), the density is less than 0.1 g / cm³, the compressive strength is greater than 5 MPa, and the maximum service temperature can reach 900°C.

[0014] Beneficial effects Cost advantage: Using inexpensive foaming agents and sintering fillers as raw materials, a low-temperature and atmospheric-pressure biomimetic mineralized foaming technology is developed to replace high-temperature or supercritical drying, greatly reducing the preparation cost of aerogel thermal insulation materials. There is no need for expensive equipment and complex processes, saving energy and production costs, and providing the possibility for large-scale industrial production.

[0015] Performance improvement: A two-stage foaming process is adopted. The first stage is foamed under a longer blue light wavelength to activate the light-controlled enzyme, trigger the foaming reaction, and make the mixture initially form a porous structure; the second stage uses a shorter ultraviolet wavelength for foaming, which further promotes the mineralization reaction, making the structure of the aerogel more stable and the pore size distribution more uniform, significantly improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material. At the same time, without introducing additives such as alumina aerogel or refractory fiber, the maximum operating temperature of the material is increased from 650℃ to 900℃, and excellent pore size uniformity and dust-free characteristics are achieved. The prepared material has excellent thermal insulation performance, with a thermal conductivity range of 0.016~0.039W / (m·K), a density controlled below 0.1g / cm³, and a compressive strength of more than 5MPa. The comprehensive performance is significantly better than the existing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Aerogel prefabrication slurry for biomimetic mineralization foaming.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a bionic mineralized foamed aerogel thermal insulation material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections.

[0020] In order to simplify the drawings, only the parts related to the present invention are schematically shown in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the parts with the same structure or function is schematically drawn or marked. In this article, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".

[0021] It should be further understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0022] In the embodiments shown in the drawings, the indication of directions (such as up, down, left, right, front and back) is used to explain that the structures and movements of various components of the present invention are not absolute but relative. When these components are in the positions shown in the drawings, these descriptions are appropriate. If the descriptions of the positions of these components change, the indication of these directions also changes accordingly.

[0023] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example 1 Preparation of premixed solution: Weigh 100 g of a mixture of potassium silicate and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premixed solution, and adjust the pH of the premixed solution to 9 using a pH regulator.

[0026] Preparation of prefabricated slurry: Mix the above-mentioned premixed solution with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photocontrolled enzyme, and stir well to obtain a prefabricated slurry.

[0027] Preparation of photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and molding mixture: Add 20 g of zirconia as a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry, and stir evenly to obtain a photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and molding mixture.

[0028] First-stage foaming: Pour the photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and molding mixture into a mold, and irradiate it with blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm for 30 min for first-stage foaming to obtain a first-stage foaming premix.

[0029] Second-stage mineralization foaming: Irradiate the first-stage foaming premix with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365 nm for 5 h for second-stage mineralization foaming to obtain a mineralized and foamed molded body.

[0030] Sintering and molding: After drying the mineralized and foamed molded body, sinter it at 750 °C for 2 h to obtain an aerogel thermal insulation material.

[0031] After testing, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel thermal insulation material is 0.022 W / (m·K), the density is 0.08 g / cm³, the compressive strength is 5.4 MPa, there is no powder falling phenomenon, and the maximum service temperature can reach 900 °C.

[0032] Example 2 Preparation of premixed solution: Weigh 100 g of a mixture of potassium silicate and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premixed solution, and use a pH regulator to adjust the pH of the premixed solution to 10.

[0033] Preparation of prefabricated slurry: Mix the premixed solution with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photocontrolled enzyme, and stir until it is in a uniform state to obtain a prefabricated slurry.

[0034] Preparation of photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture: Add 20 g of zirconia as a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry, and stir well to obtain a photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture.

[0035] First-stage foaming: Pour the photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture into a specific mold, and irradiate it with blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm for 30 min to complete the first-stage foaming and obtain a first-stage foamed premix.

[0036] Second-stage mineralization foaming: Place the premix after the first-stage foaming under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365 nm and irradiate it for 5 h to carry out second-stage mineralization foaming and obtain a formed body after mineralization foaming.

[0037] Sintering and forming: After drying the formed body after mineralization foaming, sinter it at a high temperature of 750 °C for 2 h to finally obtain an aerogel thermal insulation material.

[0038] After testing, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel thermal insulation material is 0.025 W / (m・K), the density is 0.09 g / cm³, the compressive strength reaches 5.7 MPa, there is no powder falling during use, and the maximum use temperature can be stabilized at 900 °C.

[0039] Example 3 Preparation of premixed solution: Weigh 100 g of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premixed solution, and use a pH regulator to adjust the pH of the premixed solution to 10.

[0040] Preparation of prefabricated slurry: Mix the premixed solution with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photocontrolled enzyme, and stir until it is in a uniform state to obtain a prefabricated slurry.

[0041] Preparation of photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture: Add 20 g of zirconia as a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry, and stir well to obtain a photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture.

[0042] First-stage foaming: Pour the photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture into a specific mold, and irradiate it with blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm for 30 min to complete the first-stage foaming and obtain a first-stage foamed premix.

[0043] Second-order mineralization foaming: The premix after the first-order foaming is placed under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365nm for 5 hours to perform second-order mineralization foaming to obtain a mineralized foamed molded body.

[0044] Sintering molding: After the mineralized foamed molded body is dried, it is sintered at a high temperature of 750°C for 2 hours to finally obtain the aerogel insulation material.

[0045] After testing, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel insulation material is 0.028W / (m・K), the density is 0.095g / cm³, the compressive strength is 5.8MPa, there is no powdering phenomenon, and the maximum operating temperature can be stably maintained at 900℃.

[0046] Example 4 Preparation of premix: weigh 100 g of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premix, and adjust the pH of the premix to 12 using a pH adjuster.

[0047] Preparation of prefabricated slurry: The premixed liquid was mixed with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photo-controlled enzyme, and stirred until uniform to obtain a prefabricated slurry.

[0048] Preparation of light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming molding mixture: add 20g of zirconium dioxide as a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry, stir thoroughly, and obtain a light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming molding mixture.

[0049] First-order foaming: Pour the photoenzyme-catalyzed foaming molding mixture into a specific mold and irradiate it with blue light of a wavelength of 460nm for 30 minutes to complete the first-order foaming and obtain a first-order foaming premix.

[0050] Second-order mineralization foaming: The premix after the first-order foaming is placed under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365nm for 5 hours to perform second-order mineralization foaming to obtain a mineralized foamed molded body.

[0051] Sintering molding: After the mineralized foamed molded body is dried, it is sintered at a high temperature of 750°C for 2 hours to finally obtain the aerogel insulation material.

[0052] After testing, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel insulation material is 0.026W / (m・K), the density is 0.092g / cm³, the compressive strength is 5.1MPa, there is no powdering phenomenon, and the maximum operating temperature can be stably maintained above 900℃.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 Preparation of premix: weigh 100 g of a mixture of potassium silicate and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premix, and adjust the pH of the premix to 10 using a pH adjuster.

[0054] Preparation of prefabricated slurry: The premixed liquid was mixed with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photo-controlled enzyme, and stirred until uniform to obtain a prefabricated slurry.

[0055] Preparation of light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming molding mixture: add 20g of zirconium dioxide as a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry, stir thoroughly, and obtain a light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming molding mixture.

[0056] First-order foaming: Pour the photoenzyme-catalyzed foaming molding mixture into a specific mold and irradiate it with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365nm for 30 minutes to complete the first-order foaming.

[0057] Second-order mineralization foaming: The premix after the first-order foaming is placed under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365nm for 5 hours to perform second-order mineralization foaming to obtain a mineralized foamed molded body.

[0058] Sintering molding: After the mineralized foamed molded body is dried, it is sintered at a high temperature of 750°C for 2 hours to finally obtain the aerogel insulation material.

[0059] After testing, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel insulation material is 0.042W / (m・K), the density is 0.12g / cm³, and the compressive strength is 4.6MPa.

[0060] Comparative Example 2 Preparation of premix: Preparation of premix: Weigh 100 g of a mixture of potassium silicate and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premix, and adjust the pH of the premix to 10 using a pH adjuster.

[0061] Preparation of prefabricated slurry: The premixed liquid was mixed with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photo-controlled enzyme, and stirred until uniform to obtain a prefabricated slurry.

[0062] Preparation of light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming molding mixture: add 20g of zirconium dioxide as a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry, stir thoroughly, and obtain a light-controlled enzyme catalytic foaming molding mixture.

[0063] First-order foaming: pour the photoenzyme-catalyzed foaming molding mixture into a specific mold, irradiate it with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365nm for 30 minutes to complete the first-order foaming and obtain a first-order foaming premix.

[0064] Second-order mineralization foaming: The premix after first-order foaming is irradiated with blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm for 5 h for second-order mineralization foaming to obtain a formed body after mineralization foaming.

[0065] Sintering and forming: After drying the formed body after mineralization foaming, it is sintered at a high temperature of 750 °C for 2 h, and finally an aerogel thermal insulation material is prepared.

[0066] After testing, the thermal conductivity of this aerogel thermal insulation material is 0.050 W / (m・K), the density is 0.13 g / cm³, and the compressive strength is 4.2 MPa.

[0067] Comparative Example 3 Preparation of premixed solution: Weigh 100 g of a mixture of potassium silicate and sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, add 1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a wetting agent, stir to form a uniform premixed solution, and use a pH regulator to adjust the pH of the premixed solution to 10.

[0068] Preparation of precast slurry: Mix the premixed solution with 35 g of silica aerogel and 1 g of PCN-224-CAT photocontrolled enzyme, and stir until it is in a uniform state to obtain a precast slurry.

[0069] Preparation of photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture: Add 20 g of zirconia as a sintering filler to the precast slurry, and stir well to obtain a photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture.

[0070] First-order foaming: Pour the photocontrolled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture into a specific mold, and irradiate it with blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm for 30 min to complete first-order foaming, and obtain a first-order foaming premix.

[0071] Second-order mineralization foaming: The premix after first-order foaming is irradiated with blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm for 5 h for second-order mineralization foaming to obtain a formed body after mineralization foaming.

[0072] Sintering and forming: After drying the formed body after mineralization foaming, it is sintered at a high temperature of 750 °C for 2 h, and finally an aerogel thermal insulation material is prepared.

[0073] After testing, the thermal conductivity of this aerogel thermal insulation material is 0.051 W / (m・K), the density is 0.12 g / cm³, and the compressive strength is 4.3 MPa.

[0074] It can be found by comparing the examples and the comparative examples that in Examples 1-4: first-order foaming with blue light and second-order mineralization foaming with ultraviolet light were adopted, significantly optimizing the pore structure of the material, obtaining a low thermal conductivity, a low density (<), a high compressive strength, and a high maintenance temperature. In Comparative Example 1: ultraviolet light was wrongly used for first-order foaming, resulting in insufficient foaming, a reduced porosity, and an increased thermal conductivity; in Comparative Example 2: the light control sequence was reversed (ultraviolet light first-order foaming + blue light second-order mineralization), the mineralization reaction was blocked, and the material strength decreased. When only blue light was used for two-stage foaming, effective mineralization could not be completed, resulting in an increased thermal conductivity and a significant decrease in density; in Comparative Example 3: when only blue light was used for two-stage foaming, effective mineralization could not be completed, resulting in an increased thermal conductivity and a decreased density, and the performance of the material deteriorated.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention. Any modification or equivalent substitution that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a biomimetic mineralized foamed aerogel thermal insulation material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Mix a foaming agent, a wetting agent and a pH regulator to obtain a premixed solution; S2: Mix the premixed solution in step S1 with an aerogel precursor and a light-controlled enzyme to obtain a prefabricated slurry S3: Add a sintering filler to the prefabricated slurry in step S2, and stir to obtain a light-controlled enzyme-catalyzed foaming and forming mixture; S4: Inject the mixture in step S3 into a mold, and catalyze the first-order foaming for 10 - 60 minutes under blue light of a certain wavelength to obtain a first-order foaming premix; S5: Perform second-order mineralization foaming on the first-order foaming premix under ultraviolet light of a certain wavelength for 1 - 10 hours to obtain a mineralized and foamed formed body; S6: Dry and sinter the mineralized and foamed formed body at high temperature to obtain an aerogel thermal insulation material.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the wetting agent accounts for 0.5% - 3% of the total weight of the premixed solution.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, under the adjustment of the pH regulator, the pH value of the premixed solution is 9 - 12.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the aerogel precursor accounts for 25% - 55% of the total weight of the prefabricated slurry; in step S3, the sintering filler accounts for 10% - 35% of the mixture.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the wetting agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween series or silane coupling agent; the foaming agent is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, aluminum powder, hydrogen peroxide, silicate, calcium carbonate or fatty acid salt.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the aerogel is one or more of silica aerogel, carbon aerogel, metal oxide aerogel, organic aerogel; the light-controlled enzyme is one or several of photocleavage-coupled enzyme, photo-isomerization aptamer enzyme, upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-encapsulated enzyme, photo-responsive metal-organic framework (MOF) dynamically confined enzyme.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the sintering filler is one or more of hollow glass microspheres, bauxite, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, mullite powder.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step S6, the sintering temperature is 700°C - 800°C, and the sintering time is 1h - 3h.

9. A biomineralized foamed aerogel thermal insulation material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The standard deviation of the pore size distribution of the aerogel thermal insulation material < 5%, the fluctuation of the thermal conductivity < 3%, the thermal conductivity range is 0.016 - 0.039 W / (m·K), the density is less than 0.1 g / cm³, the compressive strength is greater than 5 MPa, and the maximum service temperature can reach 900°C.

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