Electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device comprises an electrolysis chamber, a feeding chamber and x electrode pairs, each electrode pair comprises a cathode and an anode, at least one part of the cathode and one part of the anode are arranged in the electrolysis chamber and are not in direct contact with the electrolysis chamber, the feeding chamber is transversely arranged on one side of the electrolysis chamber, and the x electrode pairs are arranged in the feeding chamber. An overflow port is formed in the top area of the feeding chamber, the feeding chamber is communicated with the electrolysis chamber through the overflow port, electrolyte can enter the electrolysis chamber from the feeding chamber through the overflow port in an overflow mode, and x is larger than or equal to 1. The feeding area is separated from the electrolysis area, so that the condition that carried water is splashed due to electrolyte is reduced by utilizing gradient temperature rise of raw materials, and refractory impurities are prevented from being settled and introduced into the electrolysis chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for electrolyzing molten salts of incompletely dehydrated chloride raw materials to prepare magnesium rare earth master alloy, and particularly relates to an electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device, belonging to the technical field of high-temperature molten salt electrolysis of chlorides. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main method for electrolyzing molten salts to prepare rare earth metals and magnesium rare earth master alloy is the high-temperature electrolysis method of chloride molten salt system. Most of the electrolyzers used in rare earth electrolysis factories still adopt the electrolyzers of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. The inner lining of the electrolyzer is an integral cylindrical graphite anode, and tungsten or molybdenum rods are used as cathodes in the middle. Therefore, the scale of the electrolyzer is limited by the graphite size and the pole pitch, and the single-cell capacity is small (mainly 1000 - 3000A). Due to the limitation of the cell type, the electrolyzer is open, and heat is easily lost. The electrolyzer discharges intermittently, resulting in certain energy consumption.

[0003] Other newly designed rare earth electrolyzers in recent years mainly focus on the electrolysis of oxide raw materials, and have also been improved for problems such as capacity, but their designs are not applicable to the electrolysis with rare earth chlorides as raw materials. For example, Baotou Ruixin Rare Earth Metal Materials Co., Ltd. designed an electrolyzer with a multi-anode and cathode configuration (CN103290434A). This cell is convenient for increasing the single-cell capacity, and the pole pitch can be adjusted within a certain range. However, since both the anode and cathode are inserted from above, the electrolyzer generally operates in an open state, and there is a certain loss of heat. Qinghai Beichen Technology Co., Ltd. has made innovations in the electrolyzer for electrolyzing magnesium from magnesium chloride (CN102534663A). This electrolyzer belongs to a multi-polar electrolyzer, with a slag storage chamber arranged at the lower part of the electrolysis chamber and a sealing cover arranged above the electrolysis chamber. The device for electrolyzing magnesium chloride to produce metallic magnesium does not require slag removal operation, greatly reducing the labor intensity, improving the working environment, reducing the oxidation loss of liquid magnesium and the generation amount of magnesium oxide slag, and increasing the single-cell production capacity and electrolysis efficiency. However, due to the temperature requirements of the electrolysis system and the fact that the electrolysis products belong to the floating type, different from the sinking type product collection method of electrolyzing rare earths and rare earth magnesium alloys, it cannot be directly introduced into the electrolysis of rare earths and rare earth magnesium alloys.

[0004] Currently, the main problems of the electrolysis device for electrolyzing chloride to prepare magnesium rare earth master alloy include the following aspects: (1) The electrolyzer generally has a single-group electrode configuration and a small capacity; (2) The electrolyzer is generally of an open type, with large heat loss; (3) The feeding area and the electrolysis area share the same space, resulting in easy loss of raw materials and some insoluble slag being easily mixed into the electrolysis products; (4) In the early stage, the anode of the large-capacity electrolyzer is connected to the power supply at the bottom of the electrolyzer, and the electrolyzer is prone to leakage at high temperatures; (5) The electrolysis products of the single-group electrode electrolyzer are concentrated at the bottom of the electrolyzer, making continuous electrolysis operation difficult. (6) When using hydrated chlorides as raw materials and directly feeding them into the electrolyzer, it is easy to cause splashing, a decrease in the temperature of the electrolysis area, and the formation of slag. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis device for intermediate magnesium rare earth electrodes, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned invention object, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrolysis device for intermediate magnesium rare earth electrodes, which includes: an electrolysis chamber, a feeding chamber, and x electrode pairs. The electrode pair includes a cathode and an anode. At least a part of the cathode and a part of the anode are arranged in the electrolysis chamber, and there is no direct contact with the electrolysis chamber. The feeding chamber is arranged horizontally on one side of the electrolysis chamber. The top area of the feeding chamber has an overflow port. The feeding chamber is communicated with the electrolysis chamber through the overflow port. The electrolyte can enter the electrolysis chamber from the feeding chamber through the overflow port in an overflow manner, where x≥1.

[0008] Furthermore, a feeding port is arranged at the top of the feeding chamber, and at least one baffle is also arranged inside the feeding chamber. The baffle is arranged horizontally in the feeding chamber between the feeding port and the overflow port. The baffle extends from the top wall of the feeding chamber along the depth direction of the feeding chamber. The bottom end of the baffle is located between the overflow port and the bottom wall of the feeding chamber. At least one baffle configures the top area of the feeding chamber into a circuitous structure for the electrolyte to flow through. A sedimentation area is formed between the circuitous structure and the bottom wall of the feeding chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the electrolysis chamber is a closed chamber isolated from the outside.

[0010] Furthermore, the feeding chamber is a closed chamber isolated from the outside.

[0011] In a relatively typical implementation scheme, the electrolysis device for intermediate magnesium rare earth electrodes includes: an electrolysis reaction container. The inside of the electrolysis reaction container has a partition. The partition divides the internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction container into the electrolysis chamber and the feeding chamber. The overflow port is arranged on the partition, or the overflow port is the gap between the top end of the partition and the top wall of the internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction container.

[0012] Furthermore, the electrolysis reaction container includes an electrolysis cell body and a protective cover. The protective cover is sealed on the top of the electrolysis cell body. The partition is arranged on the bottom wall of the electrolysis cell body. The baffle is arranged on the protective cover. A sampling port and a monitoring port are arranged on the protective cover.

[0013] In another relatively typical embodiment, the electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device includes: an electrolysis reaction container and a feeding container. The internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction container serves as the electrolysis chamber, and the internal chamber of the feeding container serves as the feeding chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device further includes a heat source, which is in heat conduction cooperation with the feeding container and is used to heat the electrolysis raw materials in the feeding chamber to form a molten electrolyte and keep the electrolyte in a molten state.

[0015] Furthermore, the electrolysis reaction container includes an electrolysis cell body and a protective cover. The protective cover is hermetically sealed on the top of the electrolysis cell body, and a sampling port and a monitoring port are provided on the protective cover.

[0016] Furthermore, the electrolysis cell body includes a refractory layer, an anti-seepage layer, and a heat insulation layer from the inside to the outside in sequence. The refractory layer, the anti-seepage layer, and the heat insulation layer are all insulating structures.

[0017] Furthermore, a graphite layer or a ceramic layer is further provided on the inner surface of the refractory layer of the electrolysis cell body.

[0018] Furthermore, the protective cover has a heat insulation layer.

[0019] Furthermore, a negative pressure generating mechanism is integrated on the protective cover. The negative pressure generating mechanism is at least used to discharge the gas in the electrolysis chamber and form a negative pressure environment in the electrolysis chamber.

[0020] Furthermore, a product collection tank is further provided in the electrolysis chamber. The product collection tank is arranged in the bottom area of the electrolysis chamber and is used to collect the electrolysis products.

[0021] Furthermore, the tank wall of the product collection tank is provided with a refractory structure layer, or the product collection tank is entirely of a refractory structure.

[0022] Furthermore, the electrolysis chamber has an electrolysis reaction area and a product collection area arranged in sequence horizontally. The electrode pair is arranged in the electrolysis reaction area, and the product collection tank is arranged in the product collection area. The bottom wall corresponding to the electrolysis reaction area slopes downward from the electrolysis reaction area towards the product collection area. The product collection tank is located at the end of the sloping bottom wall. The tank opening of the product collection tank is flush with the end of the sloping bottom wall or is located below the end. The electrolysis products formed in the electrolysis reaction area can flow along the sloping bottom wall and converge into the product collection tank under the action of gravity.

[0023] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the bottom wall corresponding to the electrolysis reaction area is 2° to 10°.

[0024] Further, the product collection tank is integrated with the electrolysis chamber, and the product collection tank is a groove-shaped structure provided on the bottom wall of the electrolysis chamber.

[0025] Further, the inside of the anode has a semi-open receiving cavity, the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber can penetrate into the receiving cavity, at least a part of the cathode is arranged inside the anode, and the cathode and the anode are not in direct contact.

[0026] Further, the distance between the cathode and the anode in the electrode pair is 2 cm to 8 cm.

[0027] Further, a through hole structure is also arranged on the part of the anode immersed in the electrolyte.

[0028] Further, the hole structure is arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the anode.

[0029] Further, the anode is a cylindrical structure with both ends open.

[0030] Further, the anode is a graphite electrode.

[0031] Further, the cathode is a tungsten rod or a molybdenum rod.

[0032] Further, the axial directions of the cathode and the anode are parallel to the depth direction of the electrolytic cell.

[0033] Further, a plurality of insulating blocks are also arranged on the bottom wall of the electrolysis chamber, and the bottom of the anode is arranged on the insulating blocks.

[0034] Further, connection terminals for connecting to a power source are arranged at the tops of the cathode and the anode.

[0035] Further, the anode is completely arranged inside the electrolysis chamber, the anode is electrically connected to the anode busbar through the connection terminal, the anode busbar is arranged outside the electrolysis chamber, and the anode busbar is used for electrically connecting to a power source.

[0036] Further, the cathode is electrically connected to the cathode busbar through the connection terminal, the cathode busbar is arranged outside the electrolysis chamber, and the cathode busbar is used for electrically connecting to a power source.

[0037] Further, x≥2, and x anodes are arranged in parallel, and x cathodes are arranged in parallel.

[0038] In a relatively typical embodiment, the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device further includes: an anode lifting mechanism, the anode lifting mechanism is in driving cooperation with x anodes, and is used to drive the anode to lift along the depth direction of the electrolysis chamber.

[0039] In a relatively typical embodiment, the electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device further includes: a cathode lifting mechanism, which is in driving cooperation with x cathodes and is used to drive the cathodes to lift along the depth direction of the electrolysis chamber.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0041] An electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has a main body composed of an electrolysis area (electrolysis chamber), a feeding area (feeding chamber), and a product collection area (product collection tank). By separating the collection area from the electrolysis area, the electrolyte flow in the collection area is reduced, the electrolysis products can be stably concentrated, the secondary reaction of metals can be effectively reduced, thereby realizing continuous production. And by separating the feeding area from the electrolysis area, the temperature of the feeding area can be appropriately reduced, the risk of splashing of the water-containing material during feeding can be reduced, and refractory impurities can be appropriately settled, avoiding the problem of temperature reduction in the electrolysis area caused by directly feeding in the electrolysis area.

[0042] An electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention can reduce energy loss by setting a heat-insulating protective cover, which is beneficial to the discharge of electrolysis tail gas and is more conducive to environmental protection and the maintenance of the production environment.

[0043] An electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the exhaust gas discharge holes concentrated and appropriately moved backward, which can effectively reduce the energy loss during the exhaust gas absorption process.

[0044] An electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has each electrode pair self-contained, which is easy to maintain and expand in parts. And the lower part of the anode is provided with holes, which is beneficial to the electrolyte flow, and the overall temperature of the electrolysis occurrence area rises quickly and the flow field is more uniform.

[0045] An electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the cathode and anode all connected to the busbar at the top, the connection is more stable, and at the same time, it is convenient for maintenance and repair and prevents leakage of the electrolytic cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 is an overall structural schematic diagram of an electrode magnesium-rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the anode in a typical embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, through long-term research and a large number of practices, the inventors of this case were able to propose the technical solution of the present invention. The following will further explain the technical solution, its implementation process and principles, etc. in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation cases. Unless otherwise specified, the cathodes, anodes, motors, power supplies, heat sources, etc. set in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained through commercial purchase or processed by processes known in the art, and their specific sizes, models, etc. are not limited herein.

[0049] In a relatively typical implementation, please refer to Figure 1 , an intermediate electrolysis device for electrode magnesium rare earth, comprising: an electrolysis reaction container and x electrode pairs. The interior of the electrolysis reaction container has an independent electrolysis chamber 11 and a feeding chamber 2. A feeding port 3 is provided at the top of the feeding chamber 2. The electrolysis chamber 11 and the feeding chamber 2 are arranged in sequence horizontally and are controllably connected. The x electrode pairs are arranged in the electrolysis chamber 11. The electrolysis chamber 11 is used to accommodate the electrolyte (electrolyte solution) and provide an environment for electrolysis to occur. The feeding chamber 2 is used to supplement the electrolyte into the electrolysis chamber 11, where x≥1.

[0050] Specifically, the bottom regions of the electrolysis chamber 11 and the feeding chamber 2 are isolated from each other, and the top regions can be connected. It should be noted that the bottom region and the top region here are defined in the depth direction of the electrolysis reaction container / electrolysis chamber 11 / feeding chamber 2. The top region refers to the space close to the top wall of the electrolysis chamber 11 / feeding chamber 2. Specifically, there is an overflow port in the top region between the electrolysis chamber 11 and the feeding chamber 2. The electrolysis chamber 11 and the feeding chamber 2 are connected through the overflow port. The electrolyte can enter the electrolysis chamber 11 from the feeding chamber 2 in an overflow manner through the overflow port. It can be understood that the molten electrolyte is first injected into the feeding chamber 2. After the electrolyte overflows, it enters the electrolysis chamber 11 from the overflow port. Through such a design, after the electrolyte enters the feeding chamber 2, it can have enough time to settle. The insoluble impurities in the electrolyte can settle and deposit at the bottom of the feeding chamber 2, avoiding the problem of insoluble impurities entering the electrolysis chamber 11. At the same time, the temperature of the electrolyte in the feeding chamber 2 is lower than the temperature of the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber 11. The relatively lower feeding temperature in the electrolysis area can reduce the splashing degree of adding water-containing materials. Generally, the temperature of the electrolyte in the feeding chamber 2 is 400 - 700 °C.

[0051] Specifically, in order to further reduce the problem of splashing caused by adding water-containing materials in the feeding chamber 2 and further reduce the content of insoluble impurities mixed in the electrolyte entering the electrolysis chamber 11, at least one baffle is provided on the top wall of the feeding chamber 2. The baffle is arranged horizontally in the feeding chamber 2 between the feeding port 3 and the overflow port. The baffle extends from the top wall of the feeding chamber 2 in the depth direction of the feeding chamber 2. The lowermost end of the baffle is located between the overflow port and the bottom wall of the feeding chamber 2. At least one baffle configures the top area of the feeding chamber 2 into a circuitous structure for the electrolyte to flow through. A sedimentation area 4 is formed between the circuitous structure and the bottom wall of the feeding chamber 2. It can be understood that the baffle separates the top space between the feeding port 3 and the overflow port, avoiding the direct flow of the electrolyte from the feeding port 3 to the overflow port, extending the flow path of the electrolyte, reducing the flow rate of the electrolyte supplemented from the outside, so that the insoluble impurities in the electrolyte are fully settled in the feeding chamber 2.

[0052] Specifically, the inside of the electrolysis reaction vessel has a partition. The partition divides the internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction vessel into an electrolysis chamber 11 and a feeding chamber 2 that are independently arranged horizontally. The overflow port is arranged in the top area of the partition, or the overflow port is the gap between the top end surface of the partition and the top wall of the internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction vessel. Specifically, the baffle and the partition are spaced and parallel, and the baffle, the partition and the electrolysis reaction vessel are of the same width.

[0053] It should be noted that the electrolysis chamber 11 is the main functional area, and the volume of the electrolysis chamber 11 and the volume of the feeding chamber 2. Exemplarily, the width of the feeding chamber 2 is 10 cm to 50 cm.

[0054] As a specific implementation, the electrolysis reaction vessel includes an electrolysis cell body 1 and a protective cover 5. The protective cover 5 is hermetically sealed on the top of the electrolysis cell body 1. The partition is arranged in the electrolysis cell body 1, and the partition is hermetically fitted with the cell wall of the electrolysis cell body 1. The electrolysis cell body 1, the protective cover 5 and the partition enclose the electrolysis chamber 11 and the feeding chamber 2 that are isolated from the outside world. The gap between the top end of the partition and the protective cover 5 serves as the overflow port. The baffle is fixedly arranged on the protective cover 5, and the side surface of the baffle is hermetically fitted with the cell wall of the electrolysis cell body 1, or some gaps are reserved.

[0055] Specifically, the electrolysis cell body 1 includes a refractory layer, an anti-seepage layer and a heat-insulating layer from the inside to the outside. The refractory layer, the anti-seepage layer and the heat-insulating layer are all composed of refractory, heat-insulating and insulating materials. More specifically, a graphite layer or a ceramic layer is further provided on the inner surface of the refractory layer of the electrolysis cell body 1. Exemplarily, the electrolysis cell body 1 is built with high-temperature refractory bricks, or the bottom of the electrolysis cell body 1 is a high-temperature ceramic plate, the side wall is a high-temperature refractory brick, and the inner lining is a graphite plate.

[0056] Specifically, the protective cover 5 is provided with a sampling port and a monitoring port, etc., and the protective cover 5 is also connected to the flue gas collection device. Specifically, the protective cover 5 has a thermal insulation layer to reduce heat loss. Specifically, the protective cover 5 includes a main structure and a thermal insulation layer wrapped on the surface of the main structure. The main structure can be an iron component, a corrosion-resistant metal or alloy component, etc. More specifically, the protective cover 5 is also integrated with a negative pressure generating mechanism, which is at least used to discharge the gas in the electrolysis chamber 11 and form a negative pressure environment in the electrolysis chamber 11, which is not only conducive to the discharge of electrolysis tail gas, but also can reduce the loss of raw materials.

[0057] Specifically, a product collecting tank is also provided in the electrolysis chamber 11, and the product collecting tank is provided in the bottom area of the electrolysis chamber 11 and is used to collect electrolysis products. Specifically, the product collecting tank can be provided at one end of the electrolysis chamber 11 away from the feeding chamber 2. The tank wall of the product collecting tank is provided with a refractory structural layer, or the product collecting tank is a refractory structure as a whole. More specifically, the exterior of the product collecting tank is built of refractory materials, thermal insulation materials, etc., and can also be lined with graphite plates or ceramic plates, etc. Exemplarily, the width of the product collecting tank is 10cm to 50cm, and the depth is 10cm to 50cm.

[0058] Specifically, the electrolytic chamber 11 has an electrolysis generating area and a product collecting area arranged in sequence along the transverse direction, the electrode pair is arranged in the electrolysis generating area, the product collecting trough is arranged in the product collecting area, the bottom wall corresponding to the electrolysis generating area is inclined downward from the electrolysis generating area to the product collecting area, the product collecting trough is located at the end of the inclined bottom wall, the notch of the product collecting trough is flush with the end of the inclined bottom wall or is located below the end, the electrolysis products formed in the electrolysis generating area can be self-collected into the product collecting trough along the inclined bottom wall under the action of gravity, and by setting an inclined slope structure, the electrolysis products can be collected in time, and the secondary dissolution of metal can be prevented. Specifically, the inclination angle of the bottom wall corresponding to the electrolysis generating area is 2° to 10°. Specifically, the product collecting trough and the electrolytic chamber 11 can also be integrated, and the product collecting trough is a trough-shaped structure arranged on the bottom wall of the electrolytic chamber 11.

[0059] For details, please refer to Figure 1 Knot and Figure 2, each electrode pair includes a cathode 6 and an anode 9, the interior of the anode 9 has an electrolysis chamber, at least the electrolysis chamber is located in the electrolysis chamber 11, the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber 11 can be immersed in the receiving chamber, at least a part of each cathode 6 is correspondingly arranged in the electrolysis chamber of an anode 9, the cathode 6, the anode 9 and the electrolysis chamber 11 are not in direct contact, and the cathode 6, the anode 9 and the electrolysis chamber 11 are not in direct contact. Specifically, the anode 9 is a cylindrical structure with open ends, and the cathode 6 is coaxially arranged inside the anode. Exemplarily, the spacing between the cathode 6 and the anode 9 in the electrode pair is 2cm to 8cm. In order to facilitate the electrolyte to be immersed in the receiving chamber inside the anode 9, and the electrolysis product formed by electrolysis can be derived from the hole structure on the anode 9. Specifically, the hole structure is arranged on the side wall and bottom of the anode 9. Exemplarily, the hole structure can be a circular or square hole, etc. The anode 9 can be a graphite electrode, and the cathode 6 can be a tungsten rod or a molybdenum rod. As a preferred embodiment, the axial direction of the cathode 6 and the anode 9 is parallel to the depth direction of the electrolytic cell.

[0060] Specifically, a plurality of insulating blocks 10 are further provided on the bottom wall of the electrolysis chamber 11 , and the bottom of the anode 9 is provided on the insulating block 10 , so that the anode 9 is electrically isolated from the electrolysis chamber 11 .

[0061] Specifically, the top of the cathode 6 and the anode 9 is provided with a terminal for connecting to a power supply, and the anode 9 is completely arranged inside the electrolysis chamber 11, or the top of the cathode 6 and the anode 9 passes through the protective cover 5, and the anode 9 is electrically connected to the anode conductive bar 8 via the terminal, and the anode conductive bar 8 is arranged outside the electrolysis chamber 11, and the anode conductive bar 8 is used to be electrically connected to the power supply, and the cathode is electrically connected to the cathode conductive bar 7 via the terminal, and the cathode conductive bar 7 is arranged outside the electrolysis chamber 11, and the cathode conductive bar 7 is used to be electrically connected to the power supply. ≥ 2, x anodes 9 are arranged in parallel, and x cathodes 6 are arranged in parallel.

[0062] Specifically, the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device also includes: an anode lifting mechanism and a cathode lifting mechanism. The anode lifting mechanism cooperates with the x anodes and is used to drive the anode 9 to rise and fall along the depth direction of the electrolysis chamber 11. The cathode lifting mechanism cooperates with the x cathodes 6 and is used to drive the cathode 6 to rise and fall along the depth direction of the electrolysis chamber 11. By driving the anode and the cathode to produce relative movement along their own axial direction, the effective working area between the anode and the cathode can be changed.

[0063] It should be noted that the above describes a situation in which the electrolysis chamber and the feeding chamber are integrated in the same electrolysis generating container. As mentioned above, the electrolysis chamber can be set in the electrolysis generating container, and the feeding chamber can be set in a separate feeding container. This solution will not be repeated here.

[0064] In the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in the embodiments of the present invention, a multi-anode and multi-cathode method is adopted, with the anodes and cathodes arranged in parallel. The anode is cylindrical (made of graphite), and the cathode is rod-shaped (made of metal tungsten or molybdenum), meeting the requirements of low anode current density and high cathode current density required during the electrolysis process of magnesium rare earth master alloy. Moreover, both the anode and the cathode are connected from above, enabling alloy collection during electrolysis, facilitating the enclosure of the electrolysis chamber, preventing leakage in the electrolysis chamber, and enabling continuous operation.

[0065] In the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in the embodiments of the present invention, the anode adopts a bottomless cylinder, which is conducive to the alloy entering the product collection tank from the lower part of the anode, reducing the secondary reaction of the metal and improving the current efficiency.

[0066] In the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in the embodiments of the present invention, the feeding area is separated from the electrolysis area, which helps to reduce the carried moisture due to the splashing of the electrolyte during the gradient heating of the raw materials, and at the same time avoids the settlement of refractory impurities into the electrolysis chamber. In addition, the present invention also adopts an electrolysis chamber and a feeding chamber with a closed structure. By introducing a protective cover, the problems of tail gas collection and heat loss in the open electrolysis tank are effectively solved, and at the same time, it is conducive to the discharge of anode electrolysis chlorine gas.

[0067] In the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in the embodiments of the present invention, the cathodes are concentrated on a cathode lifting device, and it is very convenient to control the cell voltage and cell temperature by adjusting the contact area between the anode and the cathode through the cathode height. During electrolysis production, the current can be kept constant, which is also conducive to the large-capacity of the electrolysis cell, improving the production capacity per cell and labor productivity.

[0068] The following will further explain the technical solution, its implementation process, principle, etc. in combination with specific implementation cases.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in this example has two electrode pairs, and the capacity of the electrolysis cell body is 2500 - 5000A. The anode is a graphite barrel, and the cathode is a tungsten rod. The two cathodes are connected in parallel to the busbar of the cathode lifting device, and the two anodes are stacked side by side on the conductive graphite plate. At one end of the bottom of the electrolysis cell body, a product collection tank with a depth of 15 cm and a width of 15 cm is built. The innermost side of the electrolysis cell body is built with an anti-seepage layer (high-density refractory bricks), and insulating bricks are built below the anti-seepage layer. Rectangular insulating bricks are built on the outside of the electrolysis cell body, and rectangular refractory bricks are built on the inside. The upper part of the electrolysis cell body is covered with a protective cover made of 304 stainless steel plate and refractory insulation material to prevent heat loss, and the tail gas outlet on the protective cover is directly connected to the tail gas absorption system to treat the harmful gases generated during electrolysis. The sampling port is located above the sample collection tank, the number of feeding ports is 2, and the feeding points are located in the protective cover area corresponding to the feeding chamber.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in this embodiment has three electrode pairs, and the capacity of the electrolytic cell body is 4000 - 8000A. The anode is graphite, and the cathode is a molybdenum rod. The three cathodes are connected in parallel to the busbar of the cathode lifting device, and the three anodes are stacked side by side on the conductive graphite plate. At one end of the bottom of the electrolytic cell body, a product collection tank with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 15 cm is built. The innermost side of the electrolytic cell body is built with an anti-seepage layer (high-density refractory bricks), and insulating bricks are built below the anti-seepage layer. Rectangular insulating bricks are built on the outside of the electrolytic cell body, and rectangular refractory bricks are built on the inside. The upper part of the electrolytic cell body is covered with a protective cover made of 304 stainless steel plate and refractory insulation material to prevent heat loss, and the tail gas outlet of the protective cover is directly connected to the tail gas absorption system to treat the harmful gases generated during the electrolysis process. The feeding point is located on the protective cover, and the number of feeding ports is 4. The feeding point corresponds to the feeding chamber.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device in this embodiment has four electrode pairs, and the capacity of the electrolytic cell body is 6000 - 10000A. The anode is graphite, and the cathode is a molybdenum rod. The four cathodes are connected in parallel to the busbar of the cathode lifting device, and the four anodes are stacked side by side on the conductive graphite plate. At one end of the bottom of the electrolytic cell body, a product collection tank with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 20 cm is built. The innermost side of the electrolytic cell body is built with an anti-seepage layer (high-density refractory bricks), and insulating bricks are built below the anti-seepage layer. Rectangular insulating bricks are built on the outside of the electrolytic cell, and rectangular refractory bricks are built on the inside. The upper part of the electrolytic cell body is covered with a protective cover made of 304 stainless steel plate and refractory insulation material to prevent heat loss, and the tail gas outlet of the protective cover is directly connected to the tail gas absorption system to treat the harmful gases generated during the electrolysis process. The feeding point is located on the protective cover, the sampling port is located above the sample collection tank, the number of feeding ports is 4, and the feeding point corresponds to the feeding chamber.

[0075] An electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is mainly composed of an electrolysis area (electrolysis chamber), a feeding area (feeding chamber), and a product collection area (product collection tank). By separating the collection area from the electrolysis area, the electrolyte flow in the collection area is reduced, the electrolysis products can be stably concentrated, the secondary reaction of metals can be effectively reduced, and thus continuous production can be achieved. Moreover, by separating the feeding area from the electrolysis area, the temperature of the feeding area can be appropriately reduced, the risk of splashing of the water-containing material during feeding can be reduced, and refractory impurities can be appropriately settled, avoiding the problem of temperature reduction in the electrolysis area caused by directly feeding in the electrolysis area.

[0076] An electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention can reduce energy loss by setting a heat-insulating protective cover, which is beneficial to the discharge of electrolysis tail gas and is more conducive to environmental protection and the maintenance of the production environment.

[0077] An electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has concentrated exhaust gas discharge holes and appropriate rearward movement, which can effectively reduce the energy loss in the exhaust gas absorption process.

[0078] An electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has each electrode pair self-contained, which is easy for sectional maintenance and expansion. In addition, openings are provided in the lower region of the anode, which is beneficial to the flow of the electrolyte, and the overall temperature rise in the electrolysis area is fast and the flow field is more uniform.

[0079] An electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the cathode, anode and conductive bus all connected at the top, with more stable connection, and at the same time, it is convenient for maintenance and prevention of leakage of the electrolytic cell.

[0080] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intermediate electrolysis device for electrode magnesium and rare earth, characterized in that, Comprising: An electrolysis chamber, a feeding chamber, and x electrode pairs. Each electrode pair includes a cathode and an anode. At least a part of the cathode and a part of the anode are disposed in the electrolysis chamber and have no direct contact with the electrolysis chamber. The feeding chamber is disposed laterally on one side of the electrolysis chamber. The top region of the feeding chamber has an overflow port. The feeding chamber communicates with the electrolysis chamber through the overflow port. The electrolyte can enter the electrolysis chamber from the feeding chamber in an overflow manner through the overflow port, x ≥ 1.

2. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed port is provided at the top of the feed chamber, and at least one baffle is further provided inside the feed chamber. The baffle is arranged horizontally in the feed chamber between the feed port and the overflow port, and the baffle extends from the top wall of the feed chamber in the depth direction of the feed chamber. The bottom end of the baffle is located between the overflow port and the bottom wall of the feed chamber. At least one baffle configures the top region of the feed chamber into a circuitous structure for the electrolyte to flow through, and a sedimentation area is formed between the circuitous structure and the bottom wall of the feed chamber.

3. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electrolysis chamber is a sealed chamber isolated from the outside; and / or, the feed chamber is a sealed chamber isolated from the outside.

4. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Comprising: An electrolysis reaction container, inside which there is a partition. The partition divides the internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction container into the electrolysis chamber and the feed chamber. The overflow port is provided on the partition, or the overflow port is a gap between the top end of the partition and the top wall of the internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction container; Preferably, the electrolysis reaction container includes an electrolysis cell body and a protective cover. The protective cover is hermetically sealed on the top of the electrolysis cell body. The partition is provided on the bottom wall of the electrolysis cell body, the baffle is provided on the protective cover, and a sampling port and a monitoring port are provided on the protective cover.

5. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 2, wherein: The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device includes an electrolysis reaction container and a feed container. The internal chamber of the electrolysis reaction container serves as the electrolysis chamber, and the internal chamber of the feed container serves as the feed chamber; Preferably, the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device further includes a heat source, which is thermally cooperated with the feed container and is used to heat the electrolysis raw materials in the feed chamber to form a molten electrolyte and keep the electrolyte in a molten state; Preferably, the electrolysis reaction container includes an electrolysis cell body and a protective cover. The protective cover is hermetically sealed on the top of the electrolysis cell body, and a sampling port and a monitoring port are provided on the protective cover.

6. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The electrolysis cell body is sequentially composed of a refractory layer, an anti-seepage layer, and a heat-insulating layer from the inside to the outside. The refractory layer, the anti-seepage layer, and the heat-insulating layer are all insulating structures; Preferably, a graphite layer or a ceramic layer is further provided on the inner surface of the refractory layer of the electrolysis cell body; Preferably, the protective cover has a heat-insulating layer; and / or, a negative pressure generating mechanism is further integrated on the protective cover. The negative pressure generating mechanism is at least used to discharge the gas in the electrolysis chamber and form a negative pressure environment in the electrolysis chamber.

7. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5, characterized in that: A product collection tank is further provided in the electrolysis chamber. The product collection tank is arranged in the bottom region of the electrolysis chamber and is used to collect the electrolysis products; Preferably, the tank wall of the product collection tank is provided with a refractory structure layer, or the product collection tank is a refractory structure as a whole; Preferably, the electrolysis chamber has an electrolysis generating area and a product collection area arranged successively in the transverse direction. The electrode pair is arranged in the electrolysis generating area, and the product collection tank is arranged in the product collection area. The bottom wall corresponding to the electrolysis generating area slopes downward in the direction from the electrolysis generating area to the product collection area. The product collection tank is located at the end of the inclined bottom wall, and the notch of the product collection tank is flush with or below the end of the inclined bottom wall. The electrolysis products formed in the electrolysis generating area can flow along the inclined bottom wall and converge into the product collection tank under the action of gravity; Preferably, the inclination angle of the bottom wall corresponding to the electrolysis generating area is 2° to 10°; Preferably, the product collection tank is integral with the electrolysis chamber, and the product collection tank is a trough-shaped structure arranged on the bottom wall of the electrolysis chamber.

8. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inside of the anode has a semi-open receiving cavity, and the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber can immerse into the receiving cavity. At least a part of the cathode is arranged inside the anode, and the cathode and the anode are not in direct contact; Preferably, the distance between the cathode and the anode in the electrode pair is 2 cm to 8 cm; Preferably, the part of the anode immersed in the electrolyte is also provided with a through hole structure; Preferably, the hole structure is arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the anode; Preferably, the anode is a cylindrical structure with both ends open; Preferably, the anode is a graphite electrode; Preferably, the cathode is a tungsten rod or a molybdenum rod; Preferably, the axial directions of the cathode and the anode are parallel to the depth direction of the electrolytic cell; And / or, a plurality of insulating blocks are further arranged on the bottom wall of the electrolysis chamber, and the bottom of the anode is arranged on the insulating blocks.

9. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein: The tops of the cathode and the anode are provided with connection terminals for connecting to a power supply; Preferably, the anode is completely arranged inside the electrolysis chamber. The anode is electrically connected to the anode busbar through the connection terminal, and the anode busbar is arranged outside the electrolysis chamber. The anode busbar is used for electrically connecting to a power supply; And / or, the cathode is electrically connected to the cathode busbar through the connection terminal, and the cathode busbar is arranged outside the electrolysis chamber. The cathode busbar is used for electrically connecting to a power supply; Preferably, x≥2, and x anodes are arranged in parallel, and x cathodes are arranged in parallel.

10. The electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that, It further includes: An anode lifting mechanism, which is in transmission cooperation with x anodes and is used to drive the anode to lift along the depth direction of the electrolysis chamber; And / or, the electrode magnesium rare earth intermediate electrolysis device further includes: a cathode lifting mechanism, which is in transmission cooperation with x cathodes and is used to drive the cathode to lift along the depth direction of the electrolysis chamber.

Images