One-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption and working method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of structural shock absorption, in particular to a one-way energy dissipation device and method for shock absorption. The device comprises an upper connecting piece, a rigid shell, a connecting sleeve, a one-way movement structure, an elastic assembly, a friction energy dissipation structure and a lower connecting piece. The rigid shell is provided with a rectangular vertical through groove and a transverse non-through groove, the one-way movement structure is composed of a first one-way assembly and a second one-way assembly, the elastic assembly pushes the second one-way assembly to be tightly engaged with the first one-way assembly, the friction energy dissipation structure is in friction connection with the first one-way assembly, and friction force is larger than movement resistance in the non-energy dissipation direction. Under the earthquake action, the upper connecting piece drives the rigid shell to vibrate, the second one-way assembly drives the first one-way assembly to move in the energy dissipation direction, and the friction energy dissipation structure dissipates energy; and during movement in the non-energy-consumption direction, the friction energy-consumption structure restrains the first one-way assembly, so that the first one-way assembly extrudes the second one-way assembly to compress the elastic assembly until the teeth slide to the next tooth position to achieve free resetting, and the anti-seismic performance of the building structure can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural shock absorption, and particularly to a unidirectional energy dissipation device and working method for shock absorption. Background Art

[0002] The recoverable functional structure can effectively reduce the damage of the earthquake to the structure through the self-resetting mechanism and energy dissipation capacity of the structure, improve the safety and reliability of the structure, and can restore its service function without repair or only after simple repair after being subjected to the earthquake with the fortification intensity or the rare earthquake excitation. It has significant advantages such as rapid post-earthquake recovery, excellent seismic performance, and convenient installation and maintenance. Therefore, it has broad development space and application prospects, and has important theoretical value and engineering significance in the field of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Domestic and foreign scholars have developed a variety of energy dissipation devices by combining different energy dissipation mechanisms and materials with reset functions. However, the elastic deformation ability and bearing capacity of the reset materials (such as steel strands and shape memory alloys) are limited, and it is difficult to meet the large displacement and high bearing requirements; the anchoring technology of composite material fiber bars and SMA wires is not yet fully mature, which affects the actual application effect. The existing self-resetting devices mostly rely on friction energy dissipation elements, resulting in a contradiction between the reset ability and the energy dissipation ability; increasing the friction energy dissipation elements will reduce the reset efficiency, and without additional elements, the energy dissipation ability is insufficient, which limits its application in the field of energy dissipation and shock absorption technology. Therefore, problems such as its technical complexity, material performance limitations, and the contradiction between reset and energy dissipation still need to be further studied and solved. It is urgent to realize the application of the recoverable functional structure system in a wider range of engineering fields through technological innovation, material research and development, and standardization construction, so as to provide strong support for earthquake disaster prevention and control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a unidirectional energy dissipation device and working method for shock absorption, which creatively integrates unidirectional motion constraint, friction energy dissipation and elastic energy storage through the three-dimensional coordination of geometric limit, material properties and mechanical path; under the action of earthquake, the invention quickly dissipates energy through the friction energy dissipation system, significantly reducing the risk of structural damage.

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a device with unidirectional energy dissipation ability, including an upper connecting piece, a rigid housing, a connecting sleeve, a unidirectional motion structure, an elastic component, a friction energy dissipation structure and a lower connecting piece:

[0005] The two opposite sides of the upper connecting piece are respectively connected to the upper embedded part and the rigid housing;

[0006] A rectangular vertical through groove is provided at the center of the rigid housing, and transverse non-through grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the through groove, and the transverse non-through grooves are communicated with the vertical through groove;

[0007] The connecting sleeve is arranged below the rigid housing, and its bottom is hinged to the top of the lower connecting member;

[0008] The unidirectional movement structure includes first and second unidirectional components; the main body of the first unidirectional component is arranged inside the connecting sleeve, and the top end extends into the vertical through groove; the second unidirectional component is symmetrically arranged in two transverse non-through grooves and forms a unidirectional movement cooperation with both sides of the first unidirectional component;

[0009] The elastic component is arranged in the transverse non-through groove and is located between the groove bottom and the second unidirectional component;

[0010] The friction energy dissipation structure is arranged inside the connecting sleeve and is frictionally connected to the first unidirectional component; the frictional force provided by the friction energy dissipation structure is greater than the resistance when the first unidirectional component and the second unidirectional component move in the non-energy dissipation direction;

[0011] The bottom of the lower connecting member is provided with a lower anchor.

[0012] Furthermore, the left and right sides of the first unidirectional component are limited by the second unidirectional component, the rear side of the first unidirectional component is attached to the bottom of the vertical through groove, and the front side of the first unidirectional component is limited by a positioning baffle, so that the first unidirectional component is limited on all four sides.

[0013] Furthermore, grooves extend from the left and right sides of the vertical through groove into the rigid housing, the left and right sides of the positioning baffle are provided with ridges inserted and matched with the grooves, and the parts of the left and right sides of the positioning baffle other than the ridges are attached to the side walls of the vertical through groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the first unidirectional component is a unidirectional energy dissipation bar, and the left and right side surfaces thereof are provided with first unidirectional teeth; the second unidirectional component includes a rectangular energy dissipation block, and one side thereof close to the first unidirectional component is provided with second unidirectional teeth engaged with the first unidirectional teeth, forming a serrated tooth-shaped matching structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the elastic component is a compression spring or other elastic energy storage structures convenient for being arranged in the transverse non-through groove; it is used to push the second unidirectional component to closely engage with the first unidirectional component.

[0016] Furthermore, the friction energy dissipation structure includes a pressure plate and a friction plate: the pressure plate is embedded in the window at the upper end of the connecting sleeve, and a groove is arranged inside; the friction plate is fixed in the groove; a high-strength bolt passes through the bolt hole of the pressure plate and presses the friction plate against the surface of the first unidirectional component.

[0017] Furthermore, a vertically long hole penetrating through the front and rear is arranged at the center of the first unidirectional component, and the end of the screw of the high-strength bolt extends into this long hole.

[0018] Further, the rigid housing is hinged to the upper connecting member, and / or the connecting sleeve is hinged to the lower connecting member.

[0019] Further, the friction plate includes an asbestos-free organic friction material or a brass sheet.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a working method of a unidirectional energy dissipation device for shock absorption, including the following steps:

[0021] Under the action of an earthquake, the upper connecting member drives the rigid housing to vibrate, and the second unidirectional assembly drives the first unidirectional assembly to move in the energy dissipation direction through the engagement of unidirectional teeth, and the friction energy dissipation structure dissipates energy through relative displacement;

[0022] When moving in the non-energy dissipation direction, the friction force of the friction energy dissipation structure restricts the first unidirectional assembly, causing it to squeeze the second unidirectional assembly to compress the elastic assembly until the second unidirectional tooth slides to the next tooth position of the first unidirectional tooth, realizing free reset.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] Through the three-dimensional coordination of geometric limit, material characteristics, and mechanical path, the present invention creatively integrates unidirectional motion constraint, friction energy dissipation, and elastic energy storage into one; under the action of an earthquake, the device quickly dissipates energy through the friction energy dissipation system, significantly reducing the risk of structural damage. Through the unidirectional motion structure, it ensures that the device only functions in a specific direction, avoiding additional burden on the structure. The structure is simple and easy to install, and the device can be quickly replaced after damage or aging, reducing maintenance costs and time. The device of the present invention has the characteristics of high energy dissipation efficiency, easy installation, and wide applicability, can significantly improve the seismic performance of building structures, and has important application value in the field of structural shock absorption.

[0025] Specifically:

[0026] The self-resetting devices of the prior art are difficult to balance the requirements of energy dissipation and reset; this device realizes the "energy dissipation - energy storage - reset" cycle through the engagement of unidirectional tooth shape and elastic reset mechanism;

[0027] Energy dissipation direction: The engagement of unidirectional teeth drives the friction plate to slide, mainly friction energy dissipation, and the elastic assembly assists in energy storage; through the coordination of friction and elastic energy storage, the seismic kinetic energy is converted into heat energy and elastic potential energy, improving the energy dissipation efficiency; during small earthquakes, elastic energy storage is mainly used to reduce the sudden change of structural stiffness; during large earthquakes, friction dominates energy dissipation to prevent overload damage.

[0028] Non-energy dissipation direction: The friction force restricts the movement, the elastic assembly compresses for energy storage, and the tooth shape jumps for reset to avoid rigid impact. Most traditional devices are bidirectional symmetric energy dissipation, while this design significantly reduces the energy input in unnecessary directions by decoupling the bidirectional mechanical path.

[0029] The rigid housing is designed with a composite channel of vertical through slots and horizontal non-through slots to precisely constrain the movement trajectories of the first and second one-way components, ensuring the stability of one-way movement; the positioning baffle is inserted into the groove to form a limit, preventing the lateral offset of the first component while allowing free vertical sliding, avoiding the jamming problem caused by multi-directional coupling.

[0030] A combination of high-strength bolts, pressure plates, and replaceable friction plates is used to adjust the friction threshold through pre-tightening force to adapt to different seismic intensity requirements. The flexible selection of friction plate materials (such as non-asbestos organic materials or brass) further expands the environmental adaptability of the device. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the friction plate in a one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rigid housing of a one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the rigid housing of a one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the connecting sleeve of a one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the one-way energy dissipation strip of a one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1 - upper connecting piece, 2 - lower connecting piece, 3 - rigid housing, 31 - vertical through slot, 32 - horizontal non-through slot, 33 - groove, 4 - connecting sleeve, 41 - window, 5 - energy dissipation block, 6 - elastic component, 7 - one-way energy dissipation strip, 8 - positioning baffle, 9 - pressure plate, 10 - friction plate, 11 - high-strength bolt, 12 - upper embedded part; 13 - lower anchor. Detailed Embodiment

[0038] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention; obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] AsFigures 1 to 6 As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses a unidirectional energy dissipation device for shock absorption, which includes an upper connecting member 1, a lower connecting member 2, a rigid housing 3, a connecting sleeve 4, a unidirectional motion structure, and a friction energy dissipation structure.

[0040] On the relative two sides of the upper connecting member 1, an upper embedded part 12 and the rigid housing 3 are respectively connected; a rectangular vertical through groove 31 is provided at the central position of the rigid housing 3, and symmetrically arranged in the housing on both sides of the vertical through groove are transverse non-through grooves 32 communicating with the vertical through groove;

[0041] The connecting sleeve 4 is arranged below the rigid housing 3, and its bottom is hinged to the top of the lower connecting member 2;

[0042] The unidirectional motion structure includes a first unidirectional component and a second unidirectional component that are in unidirectional motion cooperation; the main body of the first unidirectional component is arranged in the connecting sleeve 4, and the top end extends upward into the vertical through groove;

[0043] The second unidirectional component is symmetrically arranged in the two transverse non-through grooves, and the left and right sides of the first unidirectional component are respectively in contact with the second unidirectional component to form a unidirectional motion cooperation; the end of the second unidirectional component away from the first unidirectional component is located in the transverse non-through groove; the elastic component 6 is arranged in the transverse non-through groove and is located between the groove bottom and the second unidirectional component;

[0044] The friction energy dissipation structure is arranged inside the connecting sleeve 4 and is frictionally connected to the first unidirectional component; the frictional force provided by the friction system is greater than the resistance generated during the movement of the first unidirectional component and the second unidirectional component in the non-energy dissipation direction.

[0045] The bottom of the lower connecting member 2 is hinged with a lower anchor 13.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first unidirectional component is a unidirectional energy dissipation bar 7; further, the unidirectional energy dissipation bar 7 is a rectangular strip structure, and the left and right side surfaces of this structure are provided with first unidirectional teeth; the second unidirectional component includes a rectangular energy dissipation block 5, and one side of the energy dissipation block 5 is provided with second unidirectional teeth that cooperate with the first unidirectional teeth; the first and second unidirectional teeth form an interlocking zigzag tooth structure, and the occlusal surface is an inclined zigzag, and the inclined direction is consistent with the unidirectional energy dissipation direction; the setting of the elastic component 6 makes the occlusion closer.

[0047] In some embodiments, the elastic component 6 is a compression spring or other elastic energy storage structures that are convenient to be arranged in the transverse non-through groove.

[0048] In some embodiments, the friction energy dissipation structure includes a pressure plate 9 and a friction plate 10; a window 41 having the same size and shape as the pressure plate 9 is formed at the upper end of the connecting sleeve 4, and a groove is provided on the inner side of the pressure plate 9 for fixing the friction plate 10; a bolt hole is reserved at the middle position of the pressure plate 9 for installing a high-strength bolt 11; this solution aims to press the pressure plate 9 and the friction plate 10 onto the one-way energy dissipation strip 7 through the high-strength bolt 11; to achieve the above function, further, a vertically long hole penetrating through the front and rear is provided at the center of the one-way energy dissipation strip 7; a friction plate 10 is respectively provided on the surfaces of the one-way energy dissipation strip 7 on both sides of the long hole; the end of the screw rod of the high-strength bolt 11 can extend into the long hole to avoid affecting the displacement of the one-way energy dissipation strip 7. In some embodiments, the upper part of the connecting sleeve 4 is open and the lower end is closed.

[0049] Inside the rigid housing 3, the left and right sides of the first one-way component are limited by the second one-way component, the rear side of the first one-way component is in contact with the bottom of the vertically penetrating groove, and the front side of the first one-way component is limited by the positioning baffle 8, so that limits are formed around the first one-way component, and the first one-way component can only perform one-way movement in the vertical direction with the second one-way component.

[0050] Further, in some embodiments, grooves extend into the rigid housing 3 from the left and right sides of the vertically penetrating groove, and convex strips that are inserted and matched with the grooves 33 are provided on the left and right sides of the positioning baffle 8, and the parts of the left and right sides of the positioning baffle 8 other than the convex strips are in contact with the side walls of the vertically penetrating groove. It should be noted that the rigid housing 3 and the positioning baffle 8 only play a positioning role for the first one-way component, and the contact between the components is not tight and will not affect the one-way movement of the first one-way component.

[0051] In some embodiments, both ends and the upper part of the rigid outer shell are hinged to the upper connecting member 1.

[0052] The upper connecting member 1, the lower connecting member 2, the rigid housing 3, the connecting sleeve 4, the one-way movement structure, the positioning baffle 8, and the pressure plate 9 are all processed from high-strength steel; and the contact surface between the one-way energy dissipation strip 7 and the friction plate 10 is subjected to surface roughening treatment; the friction plate 10 selects different friction materials according to the application scenarios of the shock-absorbing one-way energy dissipation device, including non-asbestos organic friction materials and brass sheets, etc.

[0053] The working method of the shock-absorbing one-way energy dissipation device of the present invention is as follows:

[0054] The upper embedded part 12 and the lower anchor 13 of the device of the present invention are both embedded in the structural member; under the action of an earthquake, the upper connecting part 1 drives the rigid shell 3, and the rigid shell 3 drives the energy dissipation block 5 to vibrate; the energy dissipation block 5 makes the one-way energy dissipation bar 7 generate one-way movement by means of the mutually engaged zigzag tooth-shaped structure, and a relative displacement occurs between the one-way energy dissipation bar 7 and the pressure plate 9 equipped with the friction plate 10, and the friction energy dissipation occurs in this direction; in the opposite movement direction, the frictional force of the friction energy dissipation structure restricts the movement of the one-way energy dissipation bar 7 relative to the connecting sleeve 4, and the one-way energy dissipation bar 7 squeezes the energy dissipation block 5 along the transverse non-through rectangular channel on both sides, so as to further compress the elastic component 6 until the second one-way tooth of the energy dissipation block 5 contacts the next zigzag tooth of the one-way energy dissipation bar 7, and free sliding occurs in this direction without frictional energy dissipation. In the case of continuous action of the earthquake, the one-way operation between the one-way movement structures also keeps going, so as to transfer a part of the vibration energy to the elastic component 6, playing a role in energy dissipation and seismic reduction.

[0055] The one-way energy dissipation device for seismic reduction proposed by the present invention can effectively dissipate the action of an earthquake on a building structure. Through the synergistic effect of the one-way movement system and the friction energy dissipation system, the energy dissipation direction is as follows: the one-way tooth engagement drives the friction plate to slide, and the main energy dissipation is through friction, and the elastic component assists in energy storage; through the coordination of friction and elastic energy storage, the seismic kinetic energy is converted into heat energy and elastic potential energy, and the energy dissipation efficiency is improved; during minor earthquakes, the elastic energy storage is the main, reducing the sudden change of the structural stiffness; during major earthquakes, the friction dominates the energy dissipation, preventing overload damage.

[0056] The non-energy dissipation direction: the frictional force restricts the movement, the elastic component compresses for energy storage, and the tooth shape jumps and resets to avoid rigid impact. Most traditional devices are bidirectional symmetric energy dissipation, while this design significantly reduces the energy input in the non-necessary direction by decoupling the bidirectional mechanical paths.

[0057] In summary, the present invention realizes efficient one-way energy dissipation under the action of an earthquake and free sliding in the reverse direction, and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation and high reliability. It can be widely applied to buildings in high-intensity earthquake areas to improve the safety and reliability of the structure.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various improvements can be made to it and components therein can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various features in the embodiments disclosed by the present invention can be combined with each other in any way, and the exhaustive description of the situations of these combinations is omitted in this specification only for the consideration of saving space and resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A unidirectional energy dissipation device for shock absorption, characterized in that, It includes an upper connecting piece, a rigid housing, a connecting sleeve, a unidirectional motion structure, an elastic component, a friction energy dissipation structure, and a lower connecting piece: On the relative two sides of the upper connecting piece, it is respectively connected to an upper embedded part and the rigid housing; A rectangular vertical through groove is provided at the center of the rigid housing, and transverse non-through grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the through groove, and the transverse non-through grooves communicate with the vertical through groove; The connecting sleeve is arranged below the rigid housing, and its bottom is hinged to the top of the lower connecting piece; The unidirectional motion structure includes a first and a second unidirectional component; the main body of the first unidirectional component is arranged inside the connecting sleeve, and the top end extends into the vertical through groove; the second unidirectional component is symmetrically arranged in two transverse non-through grooves, and forms a unidirectional motion cooperation with both sides of the first unidirectional component; The elastic component is arranged in the transverse non-through groove and is located between the groove bottom and the second unidirectional component; The friction energy dissipation structure is arranged inside the connecting sleeve and is frictionally connected to the first unidirectional component; the frictional force provided by the friction energy dissipation structure is greater than the resistance when the first unidirectional component and the second unidirectional component move in the non-energy dissipation direction; The bottom of the lower connecting piece is provided with a lower anchor; 2. The one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that Both the left and right sides of the first unidirectional component are limited by the second unidirectional component, the rear side of the first unidirectional component is in contact with the groove bottom of the vertical through groove, and the front side of the first unidirectional component is limited by a positioning baffle, so that the first unidirectional component is limited on all sides; 3. The unidirectional energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 2, wherein, Grooves extend from the left and right sides of the vertical through groove into the rigid housing, and convex strips that are inserted and matched with the grooves are provided on both the left and right sides of the positioning baffle, and the parts of the left and right sides of the positioning baffle other than the convex strips are in contact with the side walls of the vertical through groove; 4. The one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first unidirectional component is a unidirectional energy dissipation bar, and first unidirectional teeth are provided on the surfaces of both its left and right sides; the second unidirectional component includes a rectangular energy dissipation block, and second unidirectional teeth that are engaged with the first unidirectional teeth are provided on one side of it close to the first unidirectional component, forming a serrated tooth-like cooperation structure; 5. The one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic component is a compression spring or other elastic energy storage structures that are convenient to be arranged in the transverse non-through groove; it is used to push the second unidirectional component to tightly engage with the first unidirectional component; 6. The one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction energy dissipation structure includes a pressure plate and a friction plate: the pressure plate is embedded in the window at the upper end of the connecting sleeve, and a groove is provided inside; the friction plate is fixed in the groove; a high-strength bolt passes through the bolt hole of the pressure plate and presses the friction plate against the surface of the first unidirectional component; 7. The device with unidirectional energy dissipation ability according to claim 6, characterized in that, A vertically long hole that penetrates through the front and back is provided at the center of the first unidirectional component, and the end of the screw of the high-strength bolt extends into this long hole; 8. The one-way energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 1, wherein, The rigid outer shell is hinged to the upper connecting piece, and / or, the connecting sleeve is hinged to the lower connecting piece; 9. The one-way damping device for shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that The friction plate includes an asbestos-free organic friction material or a brass sheet; 10. The working method of the unidirectional energy dissipation device for shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Under the action of an earthquake, the upper connecting piece drives the rigid housing to vibrate, the second unidirectional component drives the first unidirectional component to move along the energy dissipation direction through the engagement of the unidirectional teeth, and the friction energy dissipation structure dissipates energy through relative displacement; When moving in the non-energy dissipation direction, the frictional force of the friction energy dissipation structure restricts the first unidirectional component, so that it squeezes the second unidirectional component to compress the elastic component until the second unidirectional teeth slide to the next tooth position of the first unidirectional teeth, realizing free reset.

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