Anti-seepage tunnel and anti-seepage construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-seepage tunnel and an anti-seepage construction method. The anti-seepage tunnel comprises a primary support, secondary linings and a U-shaped drainage belt, and a gap is formed between every two adjacent sections of secondary linings; a slot is formed in the side, facing the inner side of the tunnel, of the gap, the width of the slot is larger than that of the gap, the U-shaped drainage belt is arranged in the slot, a U-shaped opening of the U-shaped drainage belt faces the gap, the U-shaped drainage belt is made of elastic materials, and the two sides of the U-shaped drainage belt are connected with the slot in a sealed mode. Weep holes are respectively formed in arch feet at two ends of the gap. The method has the technical effects that the U-shaped rubber drainage belt is adopted to guide and treat the leakage of the tunnel construction joint or the deformation joint, the problem that the leakage of the tunnel construction joint or the deformation joint is difficult to radically treat is solved, and the anti-leakage effect is obvious; the method has universality, is not limited to highway tunnels and can be used in the fields of railway tunnels and the like; and the anti-seepage period is long, the cost and the operation cost are more economical, the long-term comprehensive manufacturing cost is low, and the operation cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering and architecture, and particularly relates to a leak-proof tunnel and a construction method for tunnel leak prevention and control. Background Art

[0002] The phenomenon of tunnel leakage is very common and has become a common problem in tunnel quality. The international and domestic industries have never stopped exploring and researching on the treatment of tunnel leakage. Many innovative and forward-looking tunnel leakage treatment processes and methods have been promoted and applied. Tunnel leakage can be divided into three parts according to the location: invert pavement, arch concrete, and construction deformation joints. At present, the treatment technologies for invert pavement and arch concrete leakage have been mature and can basically achieve both root cause treatment and symptom alleviation. However, for the treatment of construction joint deformation joint leakage, almost all of them adopt the method of chiseling slots to embed injection nozzles and pour flexible waterproof materials or circumferentially embed drainage pipes for drainage treatment. The anti-seepage period of such processes is relatively short, and due to environmental factors such as geological disasters and the convergence settlement deformation of the tunnel itself, repeated leakage occurs, and the leakage problem cannot be completely cured basically, resulting in adverse social impacts and increased later operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, it is necessary to design a structure and construction method suitable for preventing leakage at construction joints and deformation joints to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the present invention provides a leak-proof tunnel and a construction method for tunnel leak prevention and control to solve the above problems in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a leak-proof tunnel includes primary support, secondary lining, and a U-shaped drainage belt. The primary support is arranged on the surface of the tunnel rock face. The secondary lining is divided into multiple sections, and the multiple sections of the secondary lining are arranged in sequence along the tunnel length direction. Each section of the secondary lining abuts against the primary support, and there is a gap between adjacent two sections of the secondary lining;

[0006] A grooving is arranged on one side of the gap facing the inner side of the tunnel. The width of the grooving is greater than the width of the gap. The U-shaped drainage belt is arranged in the grooving, and the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped drainage belt faces the gap. The U-shaped drainage belt is made of an elastic material, and both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt are hermetically connected to the grooving;

[0007] Drainage holes are respectively arranged at the arch feet at both ends of the gap, and the drainage holes penetrate through the primary support.

[0008] Furthermore, the included angle between the drainage hole and the horizontal plane is 15° to 45°, and the diameter of the drainage hole is 80 mm to 130 mm.

[0009] Further, the grooving includes a rectangular groove and a V-shaped groove. The width of the rectangular groove is greater than the opening width of the V-shaped groove. The V-shaped groove is arranged between the gap and the rectangular groove, and the opening of the V-shaped groove faces the rectangular groove. The U-shaped drainage belt is arranged in the rectangular groove.

[0010] Further, a plurality of bolts are respectively arranged on both sides of the V-shaped groove, and the plurality of bolts are distributed in a plum blossom shape. Both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt are respectively fastened and fixed to the bolts through nuts.

[0011] Further, it further includes a pressing strip, and the pressing strip is respectively arranged on both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt.

[0012] Further, the U-shaped drainage belt adopts a U-shaped rubber drainage belt. A first sealant layer is arranged between the rectangular groove and the U-shaped drainage belt, and a second sealant layer is arranged on the side of the pressing strip facing the inside of the tunnel.

[0013] The present invention has the following advantages: The U-shaped rubber drainage belt is used to drain and treat the leakage of the tunnel construction joint or deformation joint, overcoming the problem that it is difficult to completely cure the leakage of the tunnel construction joint and deformation joint, and the anti-leakage effect is obvious; it has universality and is not limited to highway tunnels, and can be used in fields such as railway tunnels; the anti-seepage period is long, it is more economical in terms of cost and operation cost, the long-term comprehensive cost is low, and the operation cost is low.

[0014] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a tunnel anti-seepage construction method includes the following specific method steps:

[0015] S100. Construction preparation work;

[0016] S200. Take safety measures and build an operation platform;

[0017] S300. Cut and groove;

[0018] S400. Secondary construction grooving;

[0019] S500. Drill holes on both sides of the gap;

[0020] S600. Install bolts in the drill holes;

[0021] S700. Install the U-shaped rubber drainage belt;

[0022] S800. Sealing and filling on both sides of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt;

[0023] S900. Connect pipe fittings to drain the U-shaped rubber drainage belt.

[0024] Further, the S100 includes on-site investigation of the tunnel leakage situation and preparation of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt;

[0025] Before installing the U-shaped rubber drainage belt in the S700, the U-shaped rubber drainage belt needs to be dusted; after installation, the U-shaped rubber drainage belt needs to be anchored and compacted with a pressure strip during installation.

[0026] Furthermore, the grooving method in S300 is as follows: during construction, the gap is used as the center line, and a contour line with a width of 10 cm to 11 cm and a depth of 7 cm is cut along both sides of the gap using a concrete cutter to ensure that the groove is 20 cm to 22 cm wide and 7 cm to 10 cm deep, and the groove is straight, and then a small tool is used to chisel away the concrete in the groove to form a ring-shaped groove, and the chiseled surface is flat to form a rectangular groove;

[0027] The grooving method in S400 is as follows: during construction, the gap is used as the center line, and V-shaped grooves are made along the range of 3cm to 4cm on both sides of the gap. The groove depth is 4cm to 7cm and the width is 7cm to 8cm. After the grooving is completed, the entire groove is trimmed and smoothed to form a V-shaped groove.

[0028] Furthermore, between S400 and S500, there is also S401, where drainage holes are drilled along the arch feet at both ends of the gap 4, the angle between the drainage holes and the horizontal plane is 15° to 45°, and the drainage holes penetrate the initial support.

[0029] The present invention has the following advantages: it can minimize the damage to the original structure, with little change to the original structure of the tunnel, is economical and effective in terms of construction cost and operating expenses, has a low comprehensive cost, is convenient for operation, management and maintenance, is easy to operate during the construction process, has a simple construction method, and is easy to master and utilize; it is suitable for leakage treatment construction of various types of tunnel construction joints, deformation joints, settlement joints, etc., as well as highway tunnel maintenance projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0031] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an anti-leakage structure of an anti-leakage point of an anti-leakage tunnel provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 For Figure 1 The partial enlarged schematic view at position a in the figure.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the axial direction of a leakage-proof tunnel provided by some embodiments of the present invention at the leakage-proof part of the tunnel.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view along the radial direction of a leakage-proof tunnel provided by some embodiments of the present invention at the leakage-proof part of the tunnel.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a process flow chart of a tunnel leakage-proof construction method provided by some embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1, rock surface; 2, primary support; 3, secondary lining; 4, gap; 5, V-shaped groove; 6, rectangular groove; 7, bolt; 8, first sealant layer; 9, U-shaped drainage belt; 10, pressing strip; 11, nut; 12, second sealant layer. Specific embodiments

[0038] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a leakage-proof tunnel in the first aspect embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the treatment construction of leakage at construction joints, deformation joints, settlement joints, etc. of various types of tunnels, as well as the maintenance project of highway tunnels, and includes a primary support 2, a secondary lining 3, and a U-shaped drainage belt 9. The primary support 2 is arranged on the surface of the rock surface 1 in the tunnel. The secondary lining 3 is in multiple sections, and the multiple sections of the secondary lining 3 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the tunnel. Each section of the secondary lining 3 abuts against the primary support 2, and a gap 4 is provided between adjacent two sections of the secondary lining 3;

[0041] On one side of the gap 4 facing the inside of the tunnel, there is a grooving. The width of the grooving is greater than the width of the gap 4. The U-shaped drainage belt 9 is arranged in the grooving, and the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped drainage belt 9 faces the gap 4. Both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt 9 are hermetically connected to the grooving. The U-shaped drainage belt 9 is made of an elastic material and has a certain amount of deformation during use. When there are local minor deformations or settlements in the tunnel, it can make adaptive deformations to prevent the sealing performance at the gap from being damaged and repeated leakage from occurring, and the anti-leakage period is longer;

[0042] Drainage holes are respectively arranged at the arch feet at both ends of the gap 4. The drainage holes penetrate through the primary support 2. The included angle between the drainage holes and the horizontal plane is 15° to 45°. Specifically, the included angle between the drainage holes and the horizontal plane can be set to 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40° or 45°; the diameter of the drainage holes is 80mm to 130mm. Specifically, the diameter of the drainage holes can be set to 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 110mm, 120mm or 130mm.

[0043] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the U-shaped drainage belt 9 adopts a U-shaped rubber drainage belt. When installing the U-shaped rubber drainage belt, it is necessary to start from the tunnel crown to the arch feet on both sides. For the convenience of future maintenance and repair, the U-shaped rubber drainage belt is sealed and filled with silicone structural adhesive for sealing and filling;

[0044] There are many current market specifications and models of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt, which can be customized according to requirements. Usually, considering that the tunnel deformation and settlement limit value is within the range of 5cm to 10cm, it is advisable to select the inner radius R of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt between 5cm and 7cm; the U-shaped rubber drainage belt is a finished product and can be purchased online or customized by the factory and transported to the construction site. The appearance quality requirements of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt refer to the national standard GB18173.2-2014, and the specific requirements are as follows in the table:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] The physical and mechanical performance indexes of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt adopt the national standard GB18173.2-2000, and the specific requirements are shown in the following table:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are as follows: The U-shaped rubber drainage belt is used to drain and treat the leakage of tunnel construction joints or deformation joints, overcoming the problem that it is difficult to completely cure the leakage of tunnel construction joints and deformation joints, and the anti-leakage effect is obvious; it has universality and is not limited to highway tunnels, and can be used in railway tunnels and other fields; the anti-seepage period is long, more economical in terms of cost and operation cost, with a low long-term comprehensive cost and low operation cost; at the same time, by setting drain holes with an included angle of 15° to 45° with the horizontal plane, it is convenient to quickly drain the rich water behind the tunnel lining; the drain holes penetrate through the primary support 2, and can drain the accumulated water between the primary support 2 and the rock surface 1.

[0051] Embodiment 2

[0052] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, another anti-leakage tunnel provided in this embodiment has a structure including all the contents of Embodiment 1, and only the different parts will be described below.

[0053] In this embodiment, the grooving includes a rectangular groove 6 and a V-shaped groove 5. The width of the rectangular groove 6 is greater than the opening width of the V-shaped groove 5. The V-shaped groove 5 is arranged between the gap 4 and the rectangular groove 6, and the opening of the V-shaped groove 5 faces the rectangular groove 6. The U-shaped drainage belt 9 is arranged in the rectangular groove 6;

[0054] During construction, with the gap 4 as the center line, on both sides of the construction gap 4, a contour line with a width of 10 cm to 11 cm and a depth of 7 cm is cut by a concrete cutting machine to ensure that the groove width is 20 cm to 22 cm and the depth is 7 cm to 10 cm, and the groove opening is straight. Then, a small tool is used to chisel the concrete in the groove to form a groove with a ring-shaped opening, and the chiseled surface is flat to form a rectangular groove 6; then, similarly with the gap 4 as the center line, V-shaped grooving is carried out in the range of 3 cm to 4 cm on both sides of the gap 4, the groove depth is 4 cm to 7 cm, and the width is 7 cm to 8 cm. After the grooving is completed, the entire groove opening is trimmed smoothly to form a V-shaped groove 5; the V-shaped groove 5 and the U-shaped drainage belt 9 form an inner "eight" closed structure; for the convenience of later maintenance and repair, and to prevent cracking when the tunnel settles and deforms, the seal should expose the U-shaped part of the U-shaped drainage belt 9.

[0055] In this embodiment, it should be noted that a plurality of bolts 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the V-shaped groove 5. The bolts 7 are expansion bolts, and the plurality of bolts 7 are distributed in a plum blossom shape. Both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt 9 are respectively pressed and fixed with the bolts 7 through nuts 11.

[0056] The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are as follows: The V-shaped groove 5 and the U-shaped drainage belt 9 form an inner "eight" closed structure, which is convenient for guiding the seepage water in the gap 4 to flow along the U-shaped drainage belt to the arch feet on both sides of the tunnel and drain into the drainage ditch; by setting the bolts 7, the pressing and fixing of the U-shaped drainage belt can be quickly realized.

[0057] Embodiment 3

[0058] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, another leak-proof tunnel provided in this embodiment includes all the contents of Embodiment 2, and only different parts will be described below.

[0059] In this embodiment, there is also a bead 10. Beads 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt 9. The bead 10 is made of galvanized bead, which can be fabricated on site or processed in a factory. The thickness of the bead 10 is selected from 3 mm to 5 mm, and it is a Q345 galvanized steel strip with a width of 5 cm. The drilling spacing of the bead is 30 cm to 40 cm, and the left and right sides are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

[0060] In this embodiment, it should be noted that a first sealant layer 8 is provided between the rectangular groove 6 and the U-shaped drainage belt 9, and a second sealant layer 12 is provided on the side of the bead 10 facing the inside of the tunnel. The ends of the bolts 7 and the nuts 11 are located in the second sealant layer 12, thereby ensuring the overall sealing performance.

[0061] The technical effect achieved by this embodiment is that by providing the bead 10 and cooperating with the bolts 7 and nuts 11, the rapid clamping and fixing of the U-shaped drainage belt 9 can be ensured.

[0062] Embodiment 4

[0063] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, a tunnel leak-proof construction method in the second aspect of the present invention includes the following specific method steps:

[0064] S100. Construction preparation work;

[0065] Specifically, it includes the following contents:

[0066] 1. Include on-site inspection of the tunnel leakage situation, determine whether the leakage location is at the construction deformation joint, and analyze and judge the water level and water-rich amount behind the tunnel lining;

[0067] 2. Investigate the tunnel geographical environment and surrounding specific conditions (prepare for the selection of the construction operation platform, generally adopt mobile scaffolds and tunnel jumbo as the construction platform);

[0068] 3. According to the current situation of the tunnel, combined with its own conditions and the intention of the owner, comprehensively consider factors such as the construction period and cost to determine the treatment method;

[0069] 4. Through online search, market visit, price comparison and selection, purchase U-shaped rubber drainage belts. The selection of U-shaped rubber drainage belts should be based on test data, material quality certificates and other actual application record materials or real cases, and at the same time conduct necessary quality evaluations. Generally, the following contents should be considered: factors such as the service life, tensile strength, durability, compatibility with sealant bonding, construction performance, and price of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt;

[0070] S200. Take safety measures, set up warning safety signs in the construction area according to the specifications, and cover the construction area with lighting to ensure the safety of yourself and others, ensure smooth roads, and carry out civilized construction;

[0071] And build a working platform. The construction working platform should be set up within the closed limit of the tunnel according to local conditions, and the clearance size of the working platform should be sufficient for the stacking of machinery and materials;

[0072] S300, cutting and grooving;

[0073] S400, secondary construction slotting;

[0074] S500, holes are drilled on both sides of gap 4, with a hole diameter of Φ8mm, a hole depth of 80mm, and a drilling spacing of 30-40cm, arranged in a plum blossom shape on both sides;

[0075] S600, install bolt 7 in the drilled hole. Bolt 7 uses an inner-locking bolt. The inner-locking bolt is usually Φ8*70mm. After the bolt is installed, evenly apply a layer of waterproof sealant along the groove surface;

[0076] S700, install U-shaped rubber drainage strip;

[0077] Before installing the U-shaped rubber drainage belt, cut the U-shaped rubber drainage belt on site according to the length of the tunnel construction deformation joint, wipe the dust and oil on the surface of the rubber drainage belt with industrial alcohol or acetone, and take good protection; the installation of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt starts from the tunnel arch position, and then use galvanized strips to anchor and compact the U-shaped rubber drainage belt along both sides. Pay attention to using a rubber hammer or other tools to apply a certain pressure to make the waterproof sealant overflow from the edge, compact it tightly, and stick it to the groove surface;

[0078] S800, U-shaped rubber drainage belt is sealed and filled on both sides; specifically, after the installation and anchoring work is completed, a layer of waterproof sealant is applied on both sides of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt, and then silicone structural adhesive is used for sealing and filling. In order to facilitate the later maintenance and repair, and prevent the tunnel from cracking when it settles and deforms, the sealing should expose the U-shaped part of the drainage belt and be closed in an inner "eight" shape, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown;

[0079] S900, pipe fittings are connected to the U-shaped rubber drainage belt for drainage; specifically, after the U-shaped rubber drainage belt is installed and closed, the arch foot uses a PVC pipe to connect the drainage belt to discharge the water from the drainage belt and the drilled hole into the side ditch.

[0080] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the main materials used in this method, namely, U-shaped rubber drainage strips, sealants, and expansion bolts, are all finished products and can be purchased online or customized in the factory and delivered to the construction site. The galvanized moldings can be made on site or processed in the factory.

[0081] The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are as follows: it can minimize the damage to the original structure to the greatest extent, cause little change to the original structure of the tunnel, be economically effective in terms of construction cost and operation cost, have a low comprehensive cost, be convenient for operation management and maintenance, be easy to operate during construction, have a simple construction method, and be easy to master and utilize; it is applicable to the treatment construction of leakage at construction joints, deformation joints, settlement joints, etc. of various types of tunnels, as well as the maintenance project of highway tunnels.

[0082] Embodiment 5

[0083] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, another tunnel anti-seepage construction method provided in this embodiment includes all the contents of Embodiment 4, and only the different parts will be described below.

[0084] In this embodiment, the grooving method in S300 is as follows. During construction, taking the joint 4 as the center line, use a concrete cutting machine to cut a contour line with a width of 10 cm to 11 cm and a depth of 7 cm on both sides of the joint 4, ensuring that the groove width is 20 cm to 22 cm and the depth is 7 cm to 10 cm, with the groove opening being straight. Then use small tools to chisel the concrete in the groove to form a groove with a ring-shaped opening, and the chiseled surface is flat, with the roughness Ra controlled within 2 mm to 8 mm, forming a rectangular groove 6.

[0085] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the grooving method in S400 is as follows. During construction, taking the joint 4 as the center line, perform V-shaped grooving within a range of 3 cm to 4 cm on both sides of the joint 4, with the groove depth of 4 cm to 7 cm and the width of 7 cm to 8 cm. After the grooving is completed, trim the entire groove opening smoothly to form a V-shaped groove 5.

[0086] The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are as follows: the V-shaped groove 5 and the U-shaped drainage belt 9 form an inner "eight" closed structure, which is convenient for guiding the seepage water in the joint 4 to flow along the U-shaped drainage belt to the arch feet on both sides of the tunnel and drain into the drainage ditch; by setting the bolts 7, the U-shaped drainage belt can be quickly and firmly fixed.

[0087] Embodiment 6

[0088] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, another tunnel anti-seepage construction method provided in this embodiment includes all the contents of Embodiment 4, and only the different parts will be described below.

[0089] In this embodiment, when necessary according to the water-rich situation and water level behind the tunnel lining, between S400 and S500, there is also S401, drilling drainage holes at the arch feet at both ends of the joint 4, and the included angle between the drainage holes and the horizontal plane is 15° to 45°. Specifically, the included angle between the drainage holes and the horizontal plane can be set to 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40° or 45°; the diameter of the drainage holes is 80 mm to 130 mm, and the drainage holes penetrate the primary support 2. If encountering a steel bar framework or section steel, make appropriate adjustments.

[0090] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the U-shaped rubber drainage belt for treating the leakage at the construction deformation joints of the tunnel follows the basic principle of tunnel leakage treatment of "mainly drainage, supplemented by blocking, and combination of drainage and blocking". By grooving and embedding the U-shaped rubber drainage belt at the position of the construction deformation joint of the tunnel arch ring, the seepage water at the position of the construction deformation joint of the tunnel is concentrated and drained to the ground drainage systems on both sides. At the same time, drainage holes can also be drilled at the arch feet on both sides of the construction deformation joint of the tunnel to drain and reduce the water level of the tunnel, and reduce the leakage at other positions, thereby overcoming the repeated leakage phenomenon caused by the settlement and cracking of the tunnel due to geological changes. According to the performance test and inspection of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt, the deformation settlement and cracking of the tunnel can be controlled within the range of ±10 cm without affecting its normal use function.

[0091] Furthermore, the construction quality control requirements of the entire construction method are as follows:

[0092] 1. Overall control requirements for project quality

[0093] The U-shaped rubber drainage belt is annularly closed to the drainage ditches on both sides. The slot mouth and surface should be flat and straight, closely connected to the concrete slot surface without seams. The inside of the U-shaped ring is unobstructed without sundries. The silicone sealant filling is smooth and round, without air holes or glue tumors, and there is no leakage on the surface.

[0094] 2. Cutting and grooving of construction deformation joints

[0095] During construction layout, a three-line or five-line theodolite is used to ensure that the slot mouth is straight. The slot width is 2 cm - 3 cm larger than the width of the drainage belt to ensure the best installation space and sealing effect of the sealant. For defects such as damage and chipping of the slot mouth, epoxy structural adhesive with a strength higher than that of the concrete should be used for repair first. The surface roughness Ra of the slot surface is controlled below 2 mm - 8 mm, and the cavity drainage trough is unobstructed, without obstacles or bulges.

[0096] 3. Drilling of the arch feet on both sides of the construction deformation joint

[0097] The drilling should be carried out along the joint, and the angle between the angle and the horizontal plane is controlled between 15° and 45°. If the tunnel has a large amount of water-rich, the next process should be carried out after draining for a certain period of time.

[0098] 4. Inner holding bolts and galvanized steel strip

[0099] The inner holding bolts are selected from high-strength stainless steel material type, with a length greater than 7 cm and a diameter of Φ8 mm. The thickness of the galvanized steel strip is selected from 3 mm - 5 mm, and the width is 5 cm of Q345 galvanized steel strip. The drilling spacing of the galvanized steel strip is 30 cm - 40 cm, and it is arranged in a plum blossom shape on the left and right sides;

[0100] 5. Installing and anchoring the U-shaped rubber drainage belt

[0101] The installation of U-shaped rubber drainage belts shall be carried out from the tunnel crown to the two side arch feet. The sealing glue on the joint surface must be evenly applied with a thickness not less than that of the drainage belt. Anchor bolts shall be equipped with washers and installed from top to bottom. The left and right sides of the whole drainage belt must be compacted until the sealing glue overflows to ensure no leakage. If conditions permit, a water pressure test can be carried out after the sealing glue cures to check for leakage. Finally, the two side U-shaped rubber drainage belts shall be led to the tunnel drainage ditch.

[0102] 6. Sealing and filling on both sides of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt

[0103] For the convenience of future maintenance, the drainage belt shall be sealed and filled with silicone structural glue to ensure that the filler does not fall off or break. The sealed part shall expose the U-shaped part of the drainage belt and be closed in an inner "eight" shape. Or it can be directly covered with aluminum plastic board without filling according to the requirements of the owner.

[0104] Benefit analysis

[0105] (1) Social benefits

[0106] The effect of treating the leakage of construction deformation joints in tunnels by using this construction method is immediate, with a beautiful appearance, meeting the requirements of design specifications, and making up for the common problems of traditional anti-seepage technologies such as short aging time, poor sealing performance, and easy recurrence. This construction method is convenient and fast to install, saving time and labor, reducing manpower and material resources, accelerating the construction progress, reducing the investment in project rework, repair, and maintenance caused by the leakage of construction deformation joints, with a low comprehensive cost and operation cost, a long service life, being conducive to the later maintenance management, having good social benefits, and at the same time putting forward requirements for construction safety and environmental protection, having good environmental benefits.

[0107] (2) Economic benefits

[0108] When treating the leakage of construction deformation joints in tunnels by using conventional materials and schemes, due to the passage of time or the influence of geological changes, the deformation settlement joints of the tunnel will surely leak again, bringing a great burden to the owner and later maintenance and operation, and reducing the highway service capacity. Using the construction method of installing U-shaped rubber drainage belts to treat the leakage of construction deformation joints in tunnels can basically treat both the symptoms and the root causes, minimize the frequency of rework treatment to the greatest extent, extend the service life, and improve the economic benefits.

[0109] For each construction deformation joint (standard 2-lane) of a highway tunnel with a length of 21 m, the treatment cost using conventional materials and solutions: the comprehensive cost of labor, machinery, materials, etc. is 205 yuan / m * 21 m = 4305 yuan. If there is a leakage and rework situation due to poor treatment effect, the treatment cost will increase exponentially, including the entry and exit fees of personnel and machinery (calculated based on 5 people, 350 yuan / person) of 1750 yuan / time, the safety measures cost (during operation) (traffic control, operation platform, various small tool fees of 4500 yuan / time, direct loss, etc.); the treatment cost of U-shaped rubber drainage belt: the comprehensive cost of labor, machinery, materials, etc. is 550 yuan / m * 21 m = 11550 yuan. See the following treatment cost comparison table

[0110]

[0111] Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, based on the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0112] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A leak-proof tunnel, characterized in that, It includes the primary support (2), the secondary lining (3) and the U-shaped drainage belt (9). The primary support (2) is arranged on the surface of the rock face (1) in the tunnel. The secondary lining (3) is in multiple sections, and the multiple sections of the secondary lining (3) are arranged in sequence along the tunnel length direction. Each section of the secondary lining (3) abuts against the primary support (2), and there is a gap (4) between adjacent two sections of the secondary lining (3). On one side of the gap (4) facing the tunnel inner side, there is a grooving. The width of the grooving is greater than the width of the gap (4). The U-shaped drainage belt (9) is arranged in the grooving, and the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped drainage belt (9) faces the gap (4). The U-shaped drainage belt (9) is made of an elastic material, and both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt (9) are hermetically connected to the grooving. Drainage holes are respectively arranged at the arch feet at both ends of the gap (4), and the drainage holes penetrate through the primary support (2).

2. The leak-proof tunnel according to claim 1, wherein, The included angle between the drainage hole and the horizontal plane is 15° to 45°, and the diameter of the drainage hole is 80mm to 130mm.

3. A leak-proof tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grooving includes a rectangular groove (6) and a V-shaped groove (5). The width of the rectangular groove (6) is greater than the opening width of the V-shaped groove (5). The V-shaped groove (5) is arranged between the gap (4) and the rectangular groove (6). The opening of the V-shaped groove (5) faces the rectangular groove (6), and the U-shaped drainage belt (9) is arranged in the rectangular groove (6).

4. A leak-proof tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, A plurality of bolts (7) are respectively arranged on both sides of the V-shaped groove (5), and the plurality of bolts (7) are distributed in a plum blossom shape. Both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt (9) are respectively pressed and fixed to the bolts (7) through nuts (11).

5. A leak-proof tunnel according to claim 4, wherein, It further includes a pressing strip (10), and the pressing strip (10) is respectively arranged on both sides of the U-shaped drainage belt (9).

6. A leak-proof tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The U-shaped drainage belt (9) adopts a U-shaped rubber drainage belt. A first sealant layer (8) is arranged between the rectangular groove (6) and the U-shaped drainage belt (9), and a second sealant layer (12) is arranged on the side of the pressing strip (10) facing the tunnel inner side.

7. A construction method for preventing leakage in tunnels, characterized in that, It includes the following specific method steps: S100. Construction preparation work; S200. Take safety measures and build an operation platform; S300. Cut and groove; S400. Secondary construction grooving; S500. Drill holes on both sides of the gap (4); S600. Install bolts (7) in the drill holes; S700. Install the U-shaped rubber drainage belt; S800. Hermetically fill both sides of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt; S900. Connect pipe fittings to drain the U-shaped rubber drainage belt.

8. A tunnel anti-seepage construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that The S100 includes on-site inspection of the tunnel leakage situation and preparation of the U-shaped rubber drainage belt; Before installing the U-shaped rubber drainage belt in the S700, the U-shaped rubber drainage belt needs to be dust-removed; after installation, when installing, the pressing strip (10) needs to be used for anchoring and compaction.

9. A tunnel leakage prevention construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The groove cutting method in S300 is as follows: during construction, the gap (4) is used as the center line, and a concrete cutter is used to cut contour lines of 10 cm to 11 cm wide and 7 cm deep along both sides of the gap (4), ensuring that the groove width is 20 cm to 22 cm, the depth is 7 cm to 10 cm, and the groove is straight. Then, a small tool is used to chisel away the concrete in the groove to form a ring-shaped groove, and the chiseled surface is flat to form a rectangular groove (6); The grooving method in S400 is as follows: during construction, the gap (4) is used as the center line, and V-shaped grooves are made along the range of 3 cm to 4 cm on both sides of the gap (4). The groove depth is 4 cm to 7 cm and the width is 7 cm to 8 cm. After the grooving is completed, the entire groove is trimmed and smoothed to form a V-shaped groove (5).

10. A tunnel anti-leakage construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included between S400 and S500 is S401, where drainage holes are drilled along the arch feet at both ends of the gap (4), the angle between the drainage holes and the horizontal plane is 15° to 45°, and the drainage holes penetrate the initial support (2).

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