Hydrogen fuel cell air compressor supercharging device capable of being quickly started and stopped

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of air compressors, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor supercharging device capable of being quickly started and stopped, which comprises a mounting seat, a two-stage supercharging assembly is arranged on the mounting seat, the two-stage supercharging assembly comprises a first-stage supercharging mechanism and a second-stage supercharging mechanism, and the first-stage supercharging mechanism and the second-stage supercharging mechanism are the same in structure. Each volute comprises a volute, an impeller and a diffuser, each volute is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet of one volute is connected with an exhaust pipe, the volute provided with the exhaust pipe is connected with a main air pipe, the exhaust pipe is provided with a branch air pipe leading to the main air pipe, an air channel switching valve is arranged between the branch air pipe and the main air pipe, and a clutch assembly is arranged between the two volutes. According to the device, the gas is compressed twice by adopting the two-stage supercharging assembly, so that the air compressor can easily meet the requirement of the vehicle fuel cell on the high-pressure gas without overload work, and the service life of the air compressor is further prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air compressors, and more specifically, to a supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor that can be quickly started and stopped. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell air compressor drives an impeller or a rotor to rotate through an electric motor, compresses air to do work, increases the pressure and density of the air, and delivers the air to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell stack at a higher pressure and an appropriate flow rate, thereby providing oxygen required for the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell, improving the power density and efficiency of the fuel cell, and simultaneously reducing the overall size of the system.

[0003] The existing Chinese patent with the publication number CN113638892B discloses a high-speed centrifugal air compressor that can perform inlet supercharging. However, the above-mentioned patent and the prior art still have the following defects: First, the above-mentioned patent is used for single-stage compression of gas. The supercharging ratio of single-stage compression is usually limited, and it may be difficult to meet the requirements of high-power fuel cells for high-pressure gas. And if the gas needs to reach the target supercharging ratio through single-stage compression, then the air compressor will operate overloaded at this time, which will cause the temperature of the gas in the air compressor to soar rapidly, and then lead to spontaneous combustion or even explosion of the air compressor. Second, for a traditional air compressor with a two-stage supercharging function, the two impellers inside are usually connected in series by a connecting shaft. When one impeller rotates, the other impeller must rotate. Then when the tram decelerates, the fuel cell system needs to reduce the output power. The traditional two-stage supercharging device may not be able to adjust the air supply in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in a mismatch between the air flow rate and the demand of the fuel cell stack. When a large amount of compressed air is not needed, excessive compression is still carried out, which may cause a certain amount of energy waste and indirectly lead to fuel waste.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor that can be quickly started and stopped to solve the problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor that can be quickly started and stopped to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0006] To solve the problems of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A hydrogen fuel cell air compressor supercharging device capable of rapid start and stop, including a mounting seat, on which a two-stage supercharging assembly is provided. The two-stage supercharging assembly includes a first-stage supercharging mechanism and a second-stage supercharging mechanism. The structures of the first-stage supercharging mechanism and the second-stage supercharging mechanism are the same, and both include a volute, an impeller, and a diffuser. The volute is fixed on the mounting seat, and both the impeller and the diffuser are arranged in the volute. The volute is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The two volutes are equidistantly distributed along the horizontal direction. A exhaust pipe is connected to the air outlet of one of the volutes. A main air pipe is connected to the volute provided with the exhaust pipe. The main air pipe is respectively connected to the air inlets and air outlets of the two volutes. A branch pipe leading to the main air pipe is provided on the exhaust pipe. An air passage switching valve is provided between the branch pipe and the main air pipe. A clutch assembly is provided between the two volutes. The clutch assembly includes a driving shaft, a driven shaft, an embedded connecting member, and a telescopic driving member. The driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively coaxially fixed to the two impellers. The embedded connecting member includes a telescopic sleeve, a movable spline disk, and a fixed spline disk. The telescopic sleeve is spline-connected to the driving shaft. The movable spline disk is connected to the telescopic sleeve. The fixed spline disk is connected to the driven shaft. The telescopic driving member is arranged on the mounting seat and is connected to the telescopic sleeve.

[0007] Furthermore, each air inlet is arranged on the circular side plate of the corresponding volute, and each air outlet is arranged on the spiral section of the corresponding volute. The air inlets on the two volutes are coaxial and horizontal. The two impellers are respectively rotationally connected to the two volutes through the driving shaft and the driven shaft. Each diffuser includes an annular plate and a plurality of blades. The annular plate is vertically fixed in the corresponding volute and coaxially sleeved outside the corresponding impeller. The plurality of blades are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular plate. Each blade is fixed to one side of the annular plate. A first convex platform protruding upward is formed on the top of the mounting seat. A horizontal connecting cylinder is fixedly provided on the first convex platform. The two ends of the connecting cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to the circular side plates of the two volutes.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are coaxial and horizontal. One ends of the driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively penetrate out of the two volutes. The telescopic sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the penetrating end of the driving shaft. A plurality of limiting strips evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the telescopic sleeve are formed on the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve. The length direction of each limiting strip is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve. A plurality of limiting grooves matching with the limiting strips are formed on the outer wall of the driving shaft. The end of the telescopic sleeve facing the driven shaft is a closed structure. The movable spline disk is coaxially fixedly connected to the closed end of the telescopic sleeve. The fixed spline disk is coaxially fixedly connected to the penetrating end of the driven shaft.

[0009] Further, a limiting frame is fixedly arranged on the first convex platform. A limiting ring coaxially sleeved outside the telescopic sleeve is formed on the limiting frame. A convex ring is coaxially formed at one end of the telescopic sleeve away from the movable jaw plate. A spring is sleeved on the telescopic sleeve, and two ends of the spring respectively abut against the limiting ring and the convex ring. A vertical translation rod is slidably connected to the first convex platform. The sliding direction of the translation rod is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve. A pushing ring sleeved outside the driving shaft is formed at the upper end of the translation rod, and the pushing ring is located beside the convex ring. A second convex platform is fixedly arranged beside the first convex platform. The telescopic driving member is a cylinder horizontally fixed on the second convex platform. The output direction of the cylinder is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve. A first connecting rod connected to the output end of the cylinder is fixedly arranged on the translation rod. A first avoiding through groove for the first connecting rod to pass through is formed on the connecting cylinder.

[0010] Further, the air passage switching valve includes a cross-shaped valve body and a lifting valve core. The cross-shaped valve body divides the main air pipe into a first air pipe and a second air pipe. The cross-shaped valve body includes a horizontally connected pipe and a vertically connected pipe. One end of the first air pipe connects the air outlet of the corresponding volute to one end of the horizontally connected pipe, and the other end of the second air pipe connects the air inlet of the corresponding volute to the other end of the horizontally connected pipe. The bronchus connects the exhaust pipe to the upper end of the vertically connected pipe. The lifting valve core includes a columnar pin and several lifting rods. The columnar pin is coaxially arranged in the vertically connected pipe. A sealing circular plate is fixedly arranged at the opening at the lower end of the vertically connected pipe. Several lifting rods are vertically connected to the bottom of the columnar pin. Each lifting rod passes through the sealing circular plate downward. An inclined cutting guide surface is formed at the top of the columnar pin, and a semi-circular retaining ring vertically upward and close to the second air pipe is formed on the inclined cutting guide surface.

[0011] Further, a reversing transmission member is arranged between the lifting valve core and the cylinder. The reversing transmission member includes a horizontal rack, a first gear, a second gear and a vertical rack. The horizontal rack is slidably connected to the mounting seat along the horizontal direction. A second connecting rod connected to the output end of the cylinder is fixedly arranged on the horizontal rack. The first gear is rotatably connected to the second convex platform. The first gear meshes with the horizontal rack. The second gear is coaxially fixed to the first gear. A horizontal connecting plate is arranged below the vertically connected pipe. The lower ends of several lifting rods are connected to the connecting plate. The lower end of the vertical rack is connected to the connecting plate. The second gear meshes with the vertical rack.

[0012] Further, a vertical follower rod is slidably connected to the second convex platform. The sliding direction of the follower rod is parallel to the output direction of the cylinder. A sliding sleeve sleeved on the output end of the cylinder is formed at the upper end of the follower rod. One end of the first connecting rod is connected to the sliding sleeve. A pressing ring connected to the output end of the cylinder is formed on the second connecting rod.

[0013] Further, a drive shaft parallel to the driving shaft is rotatably provided on the mounting base, and the drive shaft is located beside the connecting cylinder. A synchronous transmission member is provided between the drive shaft and the driving shaft. The synchronous member includes a synchronous belt and two synchronous pulleys. The two synchronous pulleys are coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft and the driving shaft respectively. The synchronous belt is sleeved on the two synchronous pulleys. A second avoidance through groove for the synchronous belt to pass through is provided on the connecting cylinder.

[0014] Further, a first one-way valve is provided between the bronchus and the exhaust pipe, and a second one-way valve is provided between the exhaust pipe and the corresponding air outlet.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: First, compared with the comparative document, the present device uses a two-stage supercharging assembly to compress the gas twice, so that the air compressor can easily meet the demand for high-pressure gas of the vehicle fuel cell without overloading, and further extends the service life of the air compressor; Second, compared with the traditional air compressor with a two-stage supercharging function, a clutch assembly is provided between the two impellers in the present device. Through the clutch assembly, the start and stop of the secondary supercharging mechanism can be quickly controlled. When the electric vehicle accelerates and decelerates, the present device can switch the gas between single-stage supercharging and two-stage supercharging, and finally avoid over-compression when the air compressor does not require a large amount of compressed air. Third, compared with the traditional air compressor with a two-stage supercharging function, the present device is provided with an air passage switching valve. When the gas is switched from two-stage supercharging to single-stage supercharging, the air passage switching valve enables the gas to quickly bypass the secondary supercharging mechanism and directly discharge from the exhaust pipe, so as to avoid waste of high-pressure gas caused by the inflow of high-pressure gas into the secondary supercharging mechanism during the single-stage supercharging process. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the partial enlarged schematic diagram indicated by A1 in Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 4 is Figure 3 the partial enlarged schematic diagram indicated by A2 in Figure 5 is a top view of the present invention; Figure 6 is Figure 5 the cross-sectional view along the line A-A; Figure 7 is Figure 6 the partial enlarged schematic diagram indicated by A3 in Figure 8 It is an exploded perspective view of the volute. Figure 9 It is a schematic perspective view of the clutch assembly. Figure 10 It is Figure 9 The partial enlarged schematic view indicated by A4 in Figure 11 It is a schematic perspective view of the reversing transmission part. Figure 12 It is Figure 11 The partial enlarged schematic view indicated by A5 in Figure 13 It is an exploded perspective view of the telescopic sleeve and the driving shaft. Figure 14 It is the top view of the cross valve body. Figure 15 It is Figure 14 The cross-sectional view along the B-B line. Figure 16 It is an exploded perspective view of the air passage switching valve.

[0017] The reference numerals in the figure are: 1, mounting seat; 2, primary supercharging mechanism; 3, secondary supercharging mechanism; 4, volute; 5, impeller; 6, diffuser; 7, air inlet; 8, air outlet; 9, exhaust pipe; 10, main air pipe; 11, bronchus; 12, driving shaft; 13, driven shaft; 14, telescopic sleeve; 15, movable jaw clutch disc; 16, fixed jaw clutch disc; 17, annular plate; 18, blade; 19, first boss; 20, connecting cylinder; 21, limiting strip; 22, limiting groove; 23, limiting frame; 24, limiting ring; 25, convex ring; 26, spring; 27, translation rod; 28, push ring; 29, second boss; 30, cylinder; 31, first connecting rod; 32, first avoidance through groove; 33, cross valve body; 34, first air pipe; 35, second air pipe; 36, horizontal pipe; 37, vertical pipe; 38, columnar pin; 39, lifting rod; 40, sealing circular plate; 41, inclined cut flow guiding surface; 42, semi-circular retaining ring; 43, horizontal rack; 44, first gear; 45, second gear; 46, vertical rack; 47, second connecting rod; 48, connecting plate; 49, follower rod; 50, sliding sleeve; 51, pressing ring; 52, driving shaft; 53, synchronous belt; 54, synchronous pulley; 55, second avoidance through groove; 56, first one-way valve; 57, second one-way valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] To further understand the features, technical means, specific purposes and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0019] Refer to Figures 1 to 16A hydrogen fuel cell air compressor supercharging device capable of quick start and stop is shown, which includes a mounting base 1. A two-stage supercharging assembly is provided on the mounting base 1. The two-stage supercharging assembly includes a primary supercharging mechanism 2 and a secondary supercharging mechanism 3. The structures of the primary supercharging mechanism 2 and the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 are the same, and both include a volute 4, an impeller 5 and a diffuser 6. The volute 4 is fixed on the mounting base 1, and the impeller 5 and the diffuser 6 are both arranged in the volute 4. An air inlet 7 and an air outlet 8 are provided on the volute 4. The two volutes 4 are equidistantly distributed along the horizontal direction. A exhaust pipe 9 is connected to the air outlet 8 of one of the volutes 4. A main air pipe 10 is connected to the volute 4 provided with the exhaust pipe 9. The main air pipe 10 is respectively connected to the air inlets 7 and air outlets 8 of the two volutes 4. A branch pipe 11 leading to the main air pipe 10 is provided on the exhaust pipe 9. An air passage switching valve is provided between the branch pipe 11 and the main air pipe 10. A clutch assembly is provided between the two volutes 4. The clutch assembly includes a driving shaft 12, a driven shaft 13, an embedded connecting member and a telescopic driving member. The driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 are respectively coaxially fixed to the two impellers 5. The embedded connecting member includes a telescopic sleeve 14, a movable spline disc 15 and a fixed spline disc 16. The telescopic sleeve 14 is spline-connected to the driving shaft 12. The movable spline disc 15 is connected to the telescopic sleeve 14. The fixed spline disc 16 is connected to the driven shaft 13. The telescopic driving member is arranged on the mounting base 1 and is connected to the telescopic sleeve 14.

[0020] During actual use, an air filter (not shown in the figure) is provided beside the primary supercharging mechanism 2. External air enters the primary supercharging mechanism 2 through the air filter. During this process, the air enters the corresponding volute 4 through the air inlet 7. At the same time, the main shaft 12 drives the impeller 5 to rotate at high speed. The gas entering the volute 4 is thrown out towards the edge of the impeller 5 at high speed by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impeller 5, thereby obtaining kinetic energy. The high-speed gas with kinetic energy is decelerated by the diffuser 6 and the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. Then, the gas with pressure energy flows out from the corresponding air outlet 8 along the volute 4. When the tram accelerates, single-stage compression cannot reach the target pressure. Then, the gas supercharged by the primary supercharging mechanism 2 will flow into the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 for secondary supercharging. The specific process is as follows. When external air enters the primary supercharging mechanism 2 for supercharging, the telescopic driving member drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to quickly extend outwards. Then, the movable jaw clutch disc 15 connected to the telescopic sleeve 14 will engage with the corresponding fixed jaw clutch disc 16, thereby connecting the main shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 to each other. After the main shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 are connected, the air passage switching valve will block the passage of the main air pipe 10 leading to the branch air pipe 11. As the main shaft 12 rotates, the impellers 5 in the primary supercharging mechanism 2 and the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 will rotate synchronously. Then, the gas supercharged by the primary supercharging mechanism 2 will flow along the main air pipe 10 into the volute 4 in the secondary supercharging mechanism 3. Then, through the cooperation of the impeller 5 and the diffuser 6 in the secondary supercharging mechanism 3, the gas is supercharged again. Finally, the high-pressure gas will flow from the exhaust pipe 9 to the hydrogen fuel cell stack. When the tram decelerates, double-stage compression will cause excessive compression even when a large amount of compressed air is not required, which may cause a certain amount of energy waste and indirectly lead to fuel waste. Therefore, during the synchronous operation of the primary supercharging mechanism 2 and the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 at this time, it is necessary to quickly stop the secondary supercharging mechanism 3. The specific process is as follows. The telescopic driving member drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to retract. At this time, the movable jaw clutch disc 15 and the fixed jaw clutch disc 16 are separated, and the connection between the main shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 is disconnected. At the same time, the air passage switching valve opens the passage of the main air pipe 10 leading to the branch air pipe 11. Then, the gas supercharged by the primary supercharging mechanism 2 will enter the branch air pipe 11 through the main air pipe 10. The gas entering the branch air pipe 11 will finally flow towards the hydrogen fuel cell stack along the exhaust pipe 9. Since only the primary supercharging mechanism 2 can supply oxygen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack at this time, the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 is stopped in time to avoid energy and fuel waste.

[0021] In order to show how the volute 4 is connected to the mounting base 1, the following features are provided: Each air inlet 7 is provided on the circular side plate of the corresponding volute 4, each air outlet 8 is provided on the spiral section of the corresponding volute 4, and the air inlets 7 on the two volutes 4 are coaxial and horizontal. The two impellers 5 are respectively rotatably connected to the two volutes 4 through the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13. Each diffuser 6 includes an annular plate 17 and a plurality of vanes 18. The annular plate 17 is vertically fixed in the corresponding volute 4, and the annular plate 17 is coaxially sleeved outside the corresponding impeller 5. The plurality of vanes 18 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular plate 17. Each vane 18 is fixed to one side of the annular plate 17. A first boss 19 protruding upward is formed on the top of the mounting seat 1, and a horizontal connecting cylinder 20 is fixedly provided on the first boss 19. The two ends of the connecting cylinder 20 are respectively fixedly connected to the circular side plates of the two volutes 4.

[0022] When the impeller 5 rotates at a high speed, the gas entering the volute 4 through the air inlet 7 will be sucked towards the impeller 5. Thereafter, the gas will be thrown towards the annular plate 17 on the outer periphery of the impeller 5 due to centrifugal force. During this process, the plurality of vanes 18 on the annular plate 17 are used to guide the gas flow to avoid the disordered diffusion or turbulence of the fluid caused by inertia. Finally, the gas flowing through the plurality of vanes 18 will flow out from the air outlet 8 along the spiral section of the volute 4.

[0023] In order to show the specific installation method of the telescopic sleeve 14, the following features are set: The driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 are coaxial and horizontal. One ends of the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 respectively penetrate out of the two volutes 4. The telescopic sleeve 14 is coaxially sleeved on the penetrating end of the driving shaft 12. A plurality of limiting strips 21 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the telescopic sleeve 14 are formed on the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve 14. The length direction of each limiting strip 21 is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve 14. A plurality of limiting grooves 22 matched with the limiting strips 21 are formed on the outer wall of the driving shaft 12. The end of the telescopic sleeve 14 facing the driven shaft 13 is a closed structure. The movable jaw plate 15 is coaxially fixed to the closed end of the telescopic sleeve 14, and the fixed jaw plate 16 is coaxially fixed to the penetrating end of the driven shaft 13.

[0024] When gas is required for single-stage supercharging, the telescopic driving member drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to retract, thereby driving the movable jaw disc 15 and the fixed jaw disc 16 to separate through the telescopic sleeve 14. After the movable jaw disc 15 and the fixed jaw disc 16 are separated, the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 stops working, thereby realizing single-stage supercharging of the gas. When gas is required for two-stage supercharging, the telescopic driving member drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to extend, thereby driving the movable jaw disc 15 and the fixed jaw disc 16 to engage through the telescopic sleeve 14. After the movable jaw disc 15 and the fixed jaw disc 16 are engaged, the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 starts to work, thereby realizing two-stage supercharging of the gas. Among them, the spline connection between the telescopic sleeve 14 and the driving shaft 12 is realized through the cooperation of the limiting strip 21 and the limiting groove 22, so that the telescopic sleeve 14 can not only perform axial displacement but also rotate.

[0025] In order to show how the telescopic sleeve 14 expands and contracts, the following features are set: A limiting frame 23 is fixedly arranged on the first boss 19. A limiting ring 24 coaxially sleeved outside the telescopic sleeve 14 is formed on the limiting frame 23. A convex ring 25 is coaxially formed at one end of the telescopic sleeve 14 away from the movable jaw disc 15. A spring 26 is sleeved on the telescopic sleeve 14. The two ends of the spring 26 are respectively in contact with the limiting ring 24 and the convex ring 25. A vertical translation rod 27 is slidably connected to the first boss 19. The sliding direction of the translation rod 27 is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve 14. A pushing ring 28 sleeved outside the driving shaft 12 is formed at the upper end of the translation rod 27, and the pushing ring 28 is located beside the convex ring 25. A second boss 29 is fixedly arranged beside the first boss 19. The telescopic driving member is a cylinder 30 horizontally fixed on the second boss 29. The output direction of the cylinder 30 is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve 14. A first connecting rod 31 connected to the output end of the cylinder 30 is fixedly arranged on the translation rod 27. A first avoidance through groove 32 for the first connecting rod 31 to pass through is formed on the connecting cylinder 20.

[0026] When gas is needed for single - stage supercharging, the output end of the cylinder 30 extends outward. During this process, the first connecting rod 31 drives the push ring 28 away from the convex ring 25 through the translation rod 27. In this way, the spring 26 elastically abuts against the convex ring 25 and drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to retract. As a result, the movable jaw clutch disc 15 fixedly connected to the telescopic sleeve 14 separates from the fixed jaw clutch disc 16, and then the two - stage supercharging mechanism 3 stops working. When gas is needed for two - stage supercharging, the output end of the cylinder 30 retracts inward. During this process, the first connecting rod 31 drives the push ring 28 to press against the convex ring 25 through the translation rod 27, and the telescopic sleeve 14 is driven by the push ring 28 to extend outward. At the same time, the convex ring 25 compresses the spring 26, causing the spring 26 to generate elastic force. After the telescopic sleeve 14 extends outward, the movable jaw clutch disc 15 engages with the fixed jaw clutch disc 16, and finally the two - stage supercharging mechanism 3 starts to work. When processing the push ring 28 and the limit ring 24, the inner diameter of the push ring 28 is larger than the outer diameter of the driving shaft 12, and the inner diameter of the limit ring 24 is larger than the outer diameter of the telescopic sleeve 14. In this way, when the driving shaft 12 drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to rotate, the push ring 28 will not have rotational friction with the driving shaft 12, and the limit ring 24 will not have rotational friction with the telescopic sleeve 14. During actual use, a plain bearing (not shown in the figure) can be installed between the push ring 28 and the convex ring 25. Since the push ring 28 drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to extend outward by abutting against the convex ring 25, the rotational friction between the push ring 28 and the convex ring 25 can be reduced by the plain bearing.

[0027] In order to show the specific structure of the air - passage switching valve, the following features are set: The air - passage switching valve includes a cross - shaped valve body 33 and a lifting valve core. The cross - shaped valve body 33 divides the main air pipe 10 into a first air pipe 34 and a second air pipe 35. The cross - shaped valve body 33 includes a horizontally - connected pipe 36 and a vertically - connected pipe 37. One end of the first air pipe 34 connects the air outlet 8 of the corresponding volute 4 to one end of the horizontally - connected pipe 36, and the other end of the second air pipe 35 connects the air inlet 7 of the corresponding volute 4 to the other end of the horizontally - connected pipe 36. The bronchial tube 11 connects the exhaust pipe 9 to the upper end of the vertically - connected pipe 37. The lifting valve core includes a columnar pin 38 and several lifting rods 39. The columnar pin 38 is coaxially arranged in the vertically - connected pipe 37. A sealing circular plate 40 is fixedly arranged on the opening at the lower end of the vertically - connected pipe 37. Several lifting rods 39 are vertically fixed to the bottom of the columnar pin 38, and each lifting rod 39 passes downward through the sealing circular plate 40. An inclined cut guiding surface 41 is formed at the top of the columnar pin 38, and a semi - circular retaining ring 42 that is vertically upward and close to the second air pipe 35 is formed on the inclined cut guiding surface 41.

[0028] When gas is needed for single - stage supercharging, several lifting rods 39 drive the columnar pin 38 to descend. At this time, the semi - circular retaining ring 42 and the columnar pin 38 block the horizontally - connected pipe 36 from the middle (as Figure 15As shown, the gas discharged from the primary supercharging mechanism 2 into the first air pipe 34 cannot enter the second air pipe 35. At this time, the gas in the first air pipe 34 will flow upward along the inclined cutting and guiding surface 41 at the top of the columnar pin 38 into the vertical pipe 37, and finally the gas will flow into the bronchus 11 through the vertical pipe 37 and be directly discharged from the exhaust pipe 9. When double-stage supercharging of the gas is required, several lifting rods 39 will drive the columnar pin 38 to rise. At this time, the columnar pin 38 will block the upper end of the vertical pipe 37, so the gas discharged from the primary supercharging mechanism 2 into the first air pipe 34 will directly flow through the horizontal pipe 36 to the second air pipe 35. After that, the gas will flow along the second air pipe 35 to the volute 4 in the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 for secondary supercharging. The gas after secondary supercharging is finally discharged through the exhaust pipe 9. During actual use, the middle section of the first air pipe 34 can be processed into a heat-conducting pipe with heat-conducting performance (not shown in the figure), and a coil pipe (not shown in the figure) is sleeved on the heat-conducting pipe. When double-stage supercharging of the gas is required, cooling water will circulate in the coil pipe to cool the gas in the first air pipe 34 through the cooling water, thereby reducing the power consumption of the secondary compression and improving the efficiency of the secondary supercharging.

[0029] In order to show how the lifting valve core is lifted, the following features are provided: A reversing transmission member is provided between the lifting valve core and the cylinder 30. The reversing transmission member includes a horizontal rack 43, a first gear 44, a second gear 45 and a vertical rack 46. The horizontal rack 43 is slidably connected to the mounting seat 1 in the horizontal direction. A second connecting rod 47 connected to the output end of the cylinder 30 is fixedly provided on the horizontal rack 43. The first gear 44 is rotatably connected to the second boss 29. The first gear 44 meshes with the horizontal rack 43. The second gear 45 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the first gear 44. A horizontal connecting plate 48 is provided below the vertical pipe 37. The lower ends of several lifting rods 39 are fixedly connected to the connecting plate 48. The lower end of the vertical rack 46 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 48. The second gear 45 meshes with the vertical rack 46.

[0030] When gas is needed for single - stage supercharging, the output end of the cylinder 30 will extend outwards, thereby disconnecting the connection between the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13. At the same time, the output end of the cylinder 30 will drive the horizontal rack 43 to translate through the second connecting rod 47. After the horizontal rack 43 translates, the first gear 44 is driven to rotate. Then, the second gear 45 fixedly connected coaxially with the first gear 44 will drive the vertical rack 46 to descend. Thus, the vertical rack 46 will drive a plurality of lifting rods 39 to descend through the connecting plate 48. Furthermore, the columnar pin 38 will be driven by a plurality of lifting rods 39 to descend to block the middle part of the horizontal pipe 36. When gas is needed for double - stage supercharging, the output end of the cylinder 30 will retract inwards, thereby connecting the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13. At the same time, the output end of the cylinder 30 will drive the horizontal rack 43 to translate in the reverse direction through the second connecting rod 47. Then, through the transmission of the first gear 44 and the second gear 45, the vertical rack 46 will drive a plurality of lifting rods 39 to rise. Finally, the columnar pin 38 will be driven by a plurality of lifting rods 39 to rise to block the upper end of the vertical pipe 37.

[0031] In order to prevent the excessive lifting stroke of the columnar pin 38 from affecting the telescopic stroke of the telescopic sleeve 14, the following features are provided: A vertical follower rod 49 is slidably connected to the second boss 29. The sliding direction of the follower rod 49 is parallel to the output direction of the cylinder 30. A sliding sleeve 50 sleeved on the output end of the cylinder 30 is formed at the upper end of the follower rod 49. One end of the first connecting rod 31 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 50. A pressing ring 51 fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder 30 is formed on the second connecting rod 47.

[0032] When gas is needed for double - stage supercharging, the output end of the cylinder 30 will retract inwards. The pressing ring 51 fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder 30 will press towards the sliding sleeve 50. During the process that the pressing ring 51 presses on the sliding sleeve 50, the columnar pin 38 first rises. After the pressing ring 51 abuts against the sliding sleeve 50, the first connecting rod 31 will be driven by the cylinder 30 to displace. Thus, the telescopic sleeve 14 will extend outwards after the columnar pin 38 rises, finally preventing the excessive lifting stroke of the columnar pin 38 from affecting the telescopic stroke of the telescopic sleeve 14.

[0033] When machining the sliding sleeve 50, the inner diameter of the sliding sleeve 50 is larger than the outer diameter of the output end of the cylinder 30. In order to show how the driving shaft 12 rotates, the following features are provided: A driving shaft 52 parallel to the driving shaft 12 is rotatably provided on the mounting base 1, and the driving shaft 52 is located beside the connecting cylinder 20. A synchronous transmission member is provided between the driving shaft 52 and the driving shaft 12. The synchronous member includes a synchronous belt 53 and two synchronous wheels 54. The two synchronous wheels 54 are respectively fixedly connected coaxially with the driving shaft 52 and the driving shaft 12. The synchronous belt 53 is sleeved on the two synchronous wheels 54. A second avoidance through - slot 55 for the synchronous belt 53 to pass through is opened on the connecting cylinder 20.

[0034] During actual use, a servo motor (not shown in the figure) connected to the drive shaft 52 is provided on the mounting base 1. The drive shaft 52 is driven to rotate by the servo motor. After the drive shaft 52 rotates, the main shaft 12 is driven to rotate through the transmission of the synchronous belt 53. Finally, the start and stop of the primary supercharging mechanism 2 can be controlled by the servo motor.

[0035] In order to prevent the gas flowing from the bronchus 11 into the exhaust pipe 9 from flowing back into the corresponding volute 4, the following features are provided: A first one-way valve 56 is provided between the bronchus 11 and the exhaust pipe 9, and a second one-way valve 57 is provided between the exhaust pipe 9 and the corresponding air outlet 8.

[0036] When the gas is discharged from the secondary supercharging mechanism 3, the first one-way valve 56 between the bronchus 11 and the exhaust pipe 9 is used to prevent the gas entering the exhaust pipe 9 from flowing back into the bronchus 11. When the gas is discharged from the bronchus 11 into the exhaust pipe 9, the second one-way valve 57 between the exhaust pipe 9 and the corresponding air outlet 8 is used to prevent the gas entering the exhaust pipe 9 from flowing back into the volute 4 in the secondary supercharging mechanism 3.

[0037] Working principle: During actual use, an air filter (not shown in the figure) is provided beside the primary supercharging mechanism 2. External air enters the primary supercharging mechanism 2 through the air filter. During this process, the air enters the corresponding volute 4 through the air inlet 7. At the same time, the driving shaft 12 drives the impeller 5 to rotate at a high speed. The gas entering the volute 4 is thrown out towards the edge of the impeller 5 at a high speed by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impeller 5, thereby obtaining kinetic energy. The high-speed gas with kinetic energy is decelerated by the diffuser 6 and the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. Then, the gas with pressure energy will flow out from the corresponding air outlet 8 along the volute 4. When the tram accelerates, single-stage compression cannot reach the target pressure. Then, the gas supercharged by the primary supercharging mechanism 2 will flow into the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 for secondary supercharging. The specific process is as follows. When external air enters the primary supercharging mechanism 2 for supercharging, the telescopic driving member drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to quickly extend outwards. Then, the movable splined disc 15 connected to the telescopic sleeve 14 will engage with the corresponding fixed splined disc 16, thereby connecting the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 to each other. After the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 are connected, the air passage switching valve will block the passage of the main air pipe 10 leading to the branch air pipe 11. As the driving shaft 12 rotates, the impellers 5 in the primary supercharging mechanism 2 and the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 will rotate synchronously. Then, the gas supercharged by the primary supercharging mechanism 2 will flow along the main air pipe 10 into the volute 4 in the secondary supercharging mechanism 3. Then, through the cooperation of the impeller 5 and the diffuser 6 in the secondary supercharging mechanism 3, the gas is supercharged again. Finally, the high-pressure gas will flow from the exhaust pipe 9 to the hydrogen fuel cell stack. When the tram decelerates, double-stage compression may cause excessive compression when a large amount of compressed air is not needed, which may cause a certain amount of energy waste and indirectly lead to fuel waste. Therefore, during the synchronous operation of the primary supercharging mechanism 2 and the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 at this time, it is necessary to quickly stop the secondary supercharging mechanism 3. The specific process is as follows. The telescopic driving member drives the telescopic sleeve 14 to retract. At this time, the movable splined disc 15 and the fixed splined disc 16 are separated, and the connection between the driving shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 is disconnected. At the same time, the air passage switching valve opens the passage of the main air pipe 10 leading to the branch air pipe 11. Then, the gas supercharged by the primary supercharging mechanism 2 will enter the branch air pipe 11 through the main air pipe 10. The gas entering the branch air pipe 11 will finally flow towards the hydrogen fuel cell stack along the exhaust pipe 9. Since only the primary supercharging mechanism 2 can supply oxygen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack at this time, the secondary supercharging mechanism 3 is stopped in time to avoid energy and fuel waste.

[0038] The above embodiments only represent one or several implementation manners of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell air compressor supercharging device capable of quick start and stop, characterized in that It includes a mounting base (1), on which a two-stage supercharging assembly is provided. The two-stage supercharging assembly includes a primary supercharging mechanism (2) and a secondary supercharging mechanism (3). The structures of the primary supercharging mechanism (2) and the secondary supercharging mechanism (3) are the same, and both include a volute (4), an impeller (5) and a diffuser (6). The volute (4) is fixed to the mounting base (1), and both the impeller (5) and the diffuser (6) are arranged inside the volute (4). An air inlet (7) and an air outlet (8) are provided on the volute (4). The two volutes (4) are equidistantly distributed along the horizontal direction. A exhaust pipe (9) is connected to the air outlet (8) of one of the volutes (4). A main air pipe (10) is connected to the volute (4) with the exhaust pipe (9). The main air pipe (10) is respectively connected to the air inlets (7) and air outlets (8) of the two volutes (4). A bronchus (11) leading to the main air pipe (10) is provided on the exhaust pipe (9). An air passage switching valve is provided between the bronchus (11) and the main air pipe (10). A clutch assembly is provided between the two volutes (4). The clutch assembly includes a driving shaft (12), a driven shaft (13), an embedded connecting member and a telescopic driving member. The driving shaft (12) and the driven shaft (13) are coaxially and fixedly connected to the two impellers (5) respectively. The embedded connecting member includes a telescopic sleeve (14), a movable jaw disc (15) and a fixed jaw disc (16). The telescopic sleeve (14) is spline-connected to the driving shaft (12). The movable jaw disc (15) is connected to the telescopic sleeve (14). The fixed jaw disc (16) is connected to the driven shaft (13). The telescopic driving member is arranged on the mounting base (1) and is connected to the telescopic sleeve (14).

2. A supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each air inlet (7) is arranged on the circular side plate of the corresponding volute (4). Each air outlet (8) is arranged on the spiral section of the corresponding volute (4). The air inlets (7) on the two volutes (4) are coaxial and horizontal. The two impellers (5) are respectively rotationally connected to the two volutes (4) through the driving shaft (12) and the driven shaft (13). Each diffuser (6) includes an annular plate (17) and a plurality of blades (18). The annular plate (17) is vertically fixed inside the corresponding volute (4) and coaxially sleeved outside the corresponding impeller (5). The plurality of blades (18) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular plate (17). Each blade (18) is fixed to one side of the annular plate (17). A first boss (19) protruding upward is formed on the top of the mounting base (1). A horizontal connecting cylinder (20) is fixedly provided on the first boss (19). The two ends of the connecting cylinder (20) are respectively fixedly connected to the circular side plates of the two volutes (4).

3. A supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving shaft (12) and the driven shaft (13) are coaxial and both are horizontal. One ends of the driving shaft (12) and the driven shaft (13) respectively pass out of the two volutes (4). The telescopic sleeve (14) is coaxially sleeved on the passing-out end of the driving shaft (12). A plurality of limiting strips (21) evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the telescopic sleeve (14) are formed on the inner wall of the telescopic sleeve (14). The length direction of each limiting strip (21) is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve (14). A plurality of limiting grooves (22) matching with the limiting strips (21) are formed on the outer wall of the driving shaft (12). One end of the telescopic sleeve (14) facing the driven shaft (13) is a closed structure. The movable dog clutch disc (15) is coaxially fixedly connected to the closed end of the telescopic sleeve (14). The fixed dog clutch disc (16) is coaxially fixedly connected to the passing-out end of the driven shaft (13).

4. A supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 2, characterized in that, A limiting frame (23) is fixedly arranged on the first boss (19). A limiting ring (24) coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic sleeve (14) is formed on the limiting frame (23). A convex ring (25) is coaxially formed at one end of the telescopic sleeve (14) far from the movable dog clutch disc (15). A spring (26) is sleeved on the telescopic sleeve (14). Two ends of the spring (26) respectively abut against the limiting ring (24) and the convex ring (25). A vertical translation rod (27) is slidably connected to the first boss (19). The sliding direction of the translation rod (27) is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve (14). A pushing ring (28) sleeved on the outer side of the driving shaft (12) is formed at the upper end of the translation rod (27). And the pushing ring (28) is located beside the convex ring (25). A second boss (29) is fixedly arranged beside the first boss (19). The telescopic driving member is a cylinder (30) horizontally fixed on the second boss (29). The output direction of the cylinder (30) is parallel to the axial direction of the telescopic sleeve (14). A first connecting rod (31) connected to the output end of the cylinder (30) is fixedly arranged on the translation rod (27). A first avoiding through groove (32) for the first connecting rod (31) to pass through is formed on the connecting cylinder (20).

5. The supercharging device of a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 4, characterized in that, The airway switching valve includes a cross-shaped valve body (33) and a lifting valve core. The cross-shaped valve body (33) divides the main air pipe (10) into a first air pipe (34) and a second air pipe (35). The cross-shaped valve body (33) includes a horizontally connected horizontal pipe (36) and a vertically connected vertical pipe (37). One end of the first air pipe (34) connects the air outlet (8) of the corresponding volute (4) to one end of the horizontal pipe (36), and the other end of the second air pipe (35) connects the air inlet (7) of the corresponding volute (4) to the other end of the horizontal pipe (36). The bronchus (11) connects the exhaust pipe (9) to the upper end of the vertical pipe (37). The lifting valve core includes a columnar pin (38) and several lifting rods (39). The columnar pin (38) is coaxially arranged inside the vertical pipe (37). A sealing circular plate (40) is fixedly arranged on the opening at the lower end of the vertical pipe (37). Several lifting rods (39) are vertically connected to the bottom of the columnar pin (38). Each lifting rod (39) passes downward through the sealing circular plate (40). An inclined cutting guiding surface (41) is formed at the top of the columnar pin (38), and a semi-circular retaining ring (42) that is vertically upward and close to the second air pipe (35) is formed on the inclined cutting guiding surface (41).

6. A supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 5, characterized in that, A commutation transmission member is arranged between the lifting valve core and the cylinder (30). The commutation transmission member includes a horizontal rack (43), a first gear (44), a second gear (45), and a vertical rack (46). The horizontal rack (43) is slidably connected to the mounting seat (1) in the horizontal direction. A second connecting rod (47) connected to the output end of the cylinder (30) is fixedly arranged on the horizontal rack (43). The first gear (44) is rotatably connected to the second boss (29). The first gear (44) meshes with the horizontal rack (43). The second gear (45) is coaxially fixedly connected to the first gear (44). A horizontal connecting plate (48) is arranged below the vertical pipe (37). The lower ends of several lifting rods (39) are fixedly connected to the connecting plate (48). The lower end of the vertical rack (46) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (48). The second gear (45) meshes with the vertical rack (46).

7. The supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 6, characterized in that, A vertical follower rod (49) is slidably connected to the second boss (29). The sliding direction of the follower rod (49) is parallel to the output direction of the cylinder (30). A sliding sleeve (50) sleeved on the output end of the cylinder (30) is formed at the upper end of the follower rod (49). One end of the first connecting rod (31) is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (50). A pressing ring (51) connected to the output end of the cylinder (30) is formed on the second connecting rod (47).

8. A supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 2, characterized in that, A driving shaft (52) parallel to the driving shaft (12) is rotatably arranged on the mounting seat (1), and the driving shaft (52) is located beside the connecting cylinder (20). A synchronous transmission member is arranged between the driving shaft (52) and the driving shaft (12). The synchronous member includes a synchronous belt (53) and two synchronous wheels (54). The two synchronous wheels (54) are coaxially fixedly connected to the driving shaft (52) and the driving shaft (12) respectively. The synchronous belt (53) is sleeved on the two synchronous wheels (54). A second avoidance through groove (55) for the synchronous belt (53) to pass through is formed on the connecting cylinder (20).

9. A supercharging device for a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor capable of quick start and stop according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first one-way valve (56) is provided between the bronchus (11) and the exhaust pipe (9), and a second one-way valve (57) is provided between the exhaust pipe (9) and the corresponding air outlet (8).

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