Vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace which comprises a rotating shaft, and a feeding bin, an upper barrel section, an upper heating disc, a lower barrel section, a lower heating disc and a discharging barrel which are positioned on the outer side of the rotating shaft and are hermetically connected together through flanges from top to bottom, an upper cracking chamber is defined by the upper cylinder section and the upper heating disc, an outlet of the feeding bin is communicated with the upper cracking chamber, and a lower cracking chamber is defined by the upper heating disc, the lower cylinder section and the lower heating disc; the upper heating disc is provided with a plurality of edge falling channels which are circumferentially arranged and are communicated with the upper cracking chamber and the lower cracking chamber; the lower heating disc is provided with a central discharging channel connected with the discharging barrel; and an upper rotating harrow and a lower rotating harrow which are coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft to uniformly distribute materials are respectively arranged in the upper cracking chamber and the lower cracking chamber. The vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace disclosed by the invention is small in size, convenient to mount and high in heat transfer efficiency, can be modularly assembled, shortens the cracking time, reduces the possibility that the rotating rake is stuck and deformed and damaged, and is high in universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a vertical disk double-layer pyrolysis furnace. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the pyrolysis treatment equipment in the field of environmental protection solid waste mainly uses rotary kilns, fluidized beds, moving beds, and fixed beds as the mainstream technical modes. However, these technologies have significant structural defects in practical applications.

[0003] The rotary kiln drives the material movement through the rotation of the cylinder. Its core defects are reflected in three aspects: First, the sealing performance defect. Since the cylinder needs to rotate continuously, the dynamic sealing structure is complex, and thermal deformation is likely to occur after long-term operation, leading to leakage, which may cause safety hazards and environmental pollution problems. Second, the low heat transfer efficiency. The material mainly relies on the lifting plates on the inner wall of the cylinder to turn for heat transfer. The heat exchange area is limited, and there is a "wall effect", resulting in uneven heating of the material. The pyrolysis time is as long as 45 - 60 minutes, and the energy consumption remains high. Third, the large space occupation. The equipment needs to be equipped with a long cylinder, a transmission device, and a large support structure, occupying a large area, and significantly increasing the site cost and steel structure investment.

[0004] The fluidized bed relies on a stable air flow velocity to fluidize the material. However, the system pressure fluctuation will directly lead to unstable air velocity, destroying the smoothness of the pyrolysis process and affecting the gas production quality and yield. In the fixed bed, due to the static accumulation of the material, the internal heat and mass transfer efficiency is low, and the local temperature gradient is large, making it difficult to achieve uniform pyrolysis. To maintain stable operating parameters, high-precision pressure sensors, flow controllers, and complex automated control systems need to be configured, increasing the initial investment and operation and maintenance costs of the equipment. The air distribution plate structure of the fluidized bed and the multi-layer support frame of the fixed bed both require precision machining, consume a large amount of materials, and are difficult to install and debug.

[0005] In the prior art, a disk dryer in the drying industry is also used for pyrolysis. However, the traditional disk dryer relies on heat transfer oil or steam for heating. Limited by the physical properties of the heat-carrying medium, the highest temperature that can be reached is 280°C. For the pyrolysis temperature of 350°C - 450°C, the temperature is difficult to reach, unable to meet the high-temperature environment required for solid waste pyrolysis, resulting in insufficient pyrolysis of the material and affecting the yield and quality of the target products (such as carbon black and pyrolysis gas). In addition, the traditional disk dryer uses a structure of a fixed disk and a rotating rake in cooperation, and can only process single granular materials (such as pulverized coal and mineral powder). When processing complex materials such as waste plastics, the fibrous and flaky impurities in the material are easily wound around the rake shaft, or the torque of the rotating shaft suddenly increases due to melting and adhesion, resulting in equipment shutdown or even mechanical damage. Moreover, the multi-layer disk stacking in the traditional disk dryer leads to extremely large overall weight and torque, and a high-power motor needs to be configured, resulting in serious energy consumption waste. The disks of the traditional disk dryer are made by welding combination, and air leakage is likely to occur at the welding points, with high manufacturing costs and inconvenient transportation.

[0006] It can be seen that the existing solid waste pyrolysis technology faces the following challenges: efficiency and production capacity bottlenecks, energy consumption and cost contradictions, and insufficient process flexibility. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace comprises a rotating shaft and a feed bin, an upper barrel section, an upper heating plate, a lower barrel section, a lower heating plate and a discharge barrel which are located outside the rotating shaft and are connected together from top to bottom through flange sealing; An upper cracking chamber is formed between the upper barrel section and the upper heating plate, the outlet of the feed bin is connected to the upper cracking chamber, and a lower cracking chamber is formed between the upper heating plate, the lower barrel section and the lower heating plate; the upper heating plate has a plurality of edge drop channels arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotating axis and connected to the upper cracking chamber and the lower cracking chamber; the lower heating plate has a central discharge channel coaxial with the rotating axis, and the central discharge channel is connected to the lower cracking chamber and the discharge barrel; An air inlet heating structure and an air outlet structure arranged in parallel are respectively connected between the two sides of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate; an upper rotating rake is provided in the upper cracking chamber and is coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft to evenly push the materials falling into the upper cracking chamber to the edge falling channel; a lower rotating rake is provided in the lower cracking chamber and is coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft to evenly push the materials falling into the lower cracking chamber to the central discharge channel.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: first, the feed bin, upper barrel section, upper heating plate, lower barrel section, lower heating plate and discharge barrel of the present invention are all connected to each other through flanges, and each component is independent of each other, which is convenient for modular production, quick to assemble, and saves space during transportation; secondly, the present invention adopts a double-layer cracking chamber, which increases the area of heat exchange, and the two layers of cracking chambers can be ventilated and heated separately, which on the one hand meets the requirements of cracking temperature, and on the other hand can make a certain temperature difference between the two layers of cracking chambers in application, improve cracking efficiency and cracking sufficiency, and shorten the cracking time; the upper rotating rake and the lower rotating rake can stir the material evenly, so that the material is heated more evenly. Compared with the existing commonly used equipment, under the condition of achieving the same production capacity, the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace of the present invention has a smaller volume, saves floor space, and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper rotary rake and / or the lower rotary rake are detachably connected to the rotating shaft.

[0011] Beneficial effects: When dealing with complex materials such as waste plastics, fibrous impurities are likely to entangle the rotating rake, resulting in the need to stop the equipment for cleaning, which is relatively difficult to maintain. Through the detachable structure, the present invention is more convenient for cleaning the entangled impurities or replacing the worn parts, without the need to disassemble the entire equipment, reducing the maintenance difficulty, enhancing the adaptability of the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace to complex materials, and reducing the risk of mechanical damage caused by entanglement.

[0012] Further, the upper rotating rake includes an upper shaft sleeve, upper stirring rods, upper scraping plates and upper fixing plates. The upper shaft sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft and fixed to the rotating shaft through bolt assemblies; the upper stirring rods are vertically connected to the upper shaft sleeve, and a plurality of upper stirring rods and upper fixing plates are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper shaft sleeve and arranged staggeredly, and the upper fixing plates are located below the upper stirring rods; the upper scraping plates extend along the radial direction of the upper shaft sleeve, and one end of the upper scraping plate close to the upper shaft sleeve is inserted into the corresponding upper fixing plate through a first pin shaft, and at least two groups of upper iron chains with different lengths arranged at intervals are provided between the upper scraping plate and the corresponding upper stirring rod, and both ends of each group of upper iron chains are slidably matched with the upper scraping plate and the upper stirring rod respectively; upper limiting structures for limiting the corresponding ends of the upper iron chains are respectively provided on the upper stirring rods and the upper scraping plates.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The rotating rake of the traditional disk dryer is a rigid structure, which is easy to get stuck when encountering hard block materials, and the equipment will be damaged due to the sudden increase in torque. The upper rotating rake of the present invention adopts a new design combining a rotating chain and a drag plate type material pusher. The upper scraping plate is inserted into the upper fixing plate through a first pin shaft and can rotate. Multiple groups of upper iron chains with different lengths are used to connect the upper scraping plate and the upper stirring rod to form a flexible transmission; when encountering hard objects, the rotatable upper scraping plate can rotate around the first pin shaft to bypass the impurities, and at the same time, the tension of the upper iron chains ensures the material stirring effect. The phenomenon of rigid jamming and deformation damage of the upper rotating rake caused by hard object jamming is reduced, and it can adapt to complex materials.

[0014] Further, the lower rotating rake includes a lower shaft sleeve, lower stirring rods, lower scraping plates and lower fixing plates. The lower shaft sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft and fixed to the rotating shaft through bolt assemblies; the lower stirring rods are vertically connected to the lower shaft sleeve, and a plurality of lower stirring rods are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower shaft sleeve, and a horizontally arranged lower fixing plate is connected to one end of each lower stirring rod away from the lower shaft sleeve; the number of the lower scraping plates is the same as that of the lower stirring rods, and one end of each lower scraping plate away from the lower shaft sleeve is inserted into the corresponding lower fixing plate through a second pin shaft; the projections of any one lower scraping plate and the two adjacent lower stirring rods in the up-down direction enclose a triangle; a plurality of lower scraping plates are circumferentially distributed around the rotating shaft; at least two groups of lower iron chains arranged at intervals are provided between the lower scraping plates and the corresponding lower stirring rods, and both ends of each group of lower iron chains are slidably matched with the corresponding lower scraping plates and lower stirring rods respectively; lower limiting structures for limiting the corresponding ends of the lower iron chains are respectively provided on the lower stirring rods and the lower scraping plates.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The triangular layout can guide the materials to move evenly towards the central discharge channel, avoiding local accumulation. Similar to the upper rotary rake, the lower rotary rake also adopts a new design combining a rotary chain and a drag plate feeder, which can achieve the adaptive adjustment of the lower scraping plate during the scraping process, reducing the occurrence of rigid jamming and deformation.

[0016] Furthermore, the feed bin, the upper cylinder section, the upper heating plate, the lower cylinder section, and the lower heating plate are all integrally die-cast from heat-resistant steel Q345R.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The integral die-casting process eliminates the welding seams, improves the sealing performance and strength of the entire cracking furnace, and reduces the manufacturing cost. The heat-resistant steel material can withstand the high-temperature cracking environment and ensure the normal progress of cracking.

[0018] Furthermore, both the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate include a rectangular air duct frame, an upper flange pipe section protruding upward from the top of the rectangular air duct frame, and a lower flange pipe section protruding downward from the bottom of the rectangular air duct frame. The upper flange pipe section and the lower flange pipe section are both coaxial with the rotating shaft. Flange-type air duct interfaces are respectively provided on both sides of the rectangular air duct frame. The top of the lower flange pipe section extends to the inner bottom wall of the rectangular air duct frame, and the bottom is closed. A plurality of blanking pipes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the rotating shaft are provided between the upper flange pipe section and the lower flange pipe section of the upper heating plate. The space inside the blanking pipes forms the edge falling channel, and the blanking pipes penetrate through the rectangular air duct frame and the lower flange pipe section of the upper heating plate. A central discharge pipe coaxial with the rotating shaft is provided inside the lower heating plate. The central discharge pipe penetrates through the rectangular air duct frame and the lower flange pipe section of the lower heating plate. The space inside the central discharge pipe forms the central discharge channel.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The structures of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate make it convenient to connect and install with other components. The materials during the cracking process can directly fall on the surfaces of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate, with high heat exchange efficiency and more sufficient cracking. In addition, the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate are connected through a plurality of evenly distributed blanking pipes. While achieving uniform material dropping, the cracking gas in the lower cracking chamber can also enter the upper cracking chamber through the blanking pipes, which can prevent the blanking pipes from being blocked and ensure the normal material dropping and ventilation of the blanking pipes. After passing through the evenly distributed blanking pipes, the cracking gas is also evenly distributed.

[0020] Furthermore, a double gate valve is provided on the discharge cylinder.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The double gate valve can effectively isolate the internal and external airflows during discharging, avoiding the leakage of pyrolysis gas during the discharging process, improving the sealing performance of the system, and preventing safety hazards and environmental pollution caused by hot gas leakage. The double gate valve can also accurately control the discharging speed and adapt to different production rhythms.

[0022] Furthermore, the air inlet heating structure and the air outlet structure each include two trumpet-shaped air ducts correspondingly connected to the flange-type air duct interface on the same side, and a regulating valve arranged in each trumpet-shaped air duct; The two trumpet-shaped air ducts on one side are respectively connected to an air duct, and the two air ducts are connected in parallel; and / or the two trumpet-shaped air ducts on the other side are connected to a U-shaped tube, and the U-shaped tube is provided with an air port.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The ventilation of the upper heating chamber and the lower heating chamber are independent of each other and do not affect each other; the air volume and heating temperature can be adjusted in real time according to the characteristics of the material through the regulating valve; a temperature difference can be formed between the upper heating chamber and the lower heating chamber, thereby more fully cracking the material.

[0024] Furthermore, a bracket is provided on the top of the feed bin, on which a driving device connected to the rotating shaft is installed, and the driving device includes a driving motor equipped with a variable frequency stepless speed regulator.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The drive motor is equipped with a variable frequency stepless speed regulator, which can adjust the speed of the rotating shaft steplessly, and adjust the rake speed in real time according to the viscosity, particle size and other characteristics of the material, avoiding energy waste caused by too high speed or affecting the material processing effect due to too low speed. It realizes energy-saving operation and reduces energy consumption; improves the adaptability to different materials and optimizes the pyrolysis effect.

[0026] Furthermore, a conical distribution hopper is provided on the rotating shaft below the outlet of the feed bin.

[0027] The beneficial effect is that the conical distribution hopper uses centrifugal force to disperse the material to the surroundings, avoiding the concentration of feed in the central area, and evenly dispersing the material to the edge area of the upper cracking chamber, reducing the problem of local overheating or insufficient pyrolysis caused by uneven feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The main view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view of Figure 4 for Figure 1 A top view of Figure 5 for Figure 4 AA section view; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper heating plate; Figure 7 Figure 6 A top view of Figure 8 is Figure 7 the sectional view taken along line B-B; Figure 9 is the schematic perspective view of the upper turning rake; Figure 10 is Figure 9 the top view of; Figure 11 is the schematic perspective view of the lower turning rake; Figure 12 is Figure 11 the top view of; Figure 13 is the schematic perspective view of the lower heating plate.

[0029] Description of reference numerals: 1. Feed bin; 2. Upper cylinder section; 3. Upper heating plate; 31. Rectangular air duct frame; 32. Upper flange pipe section; 33. Lower flange pipe section; 34. Flange-type air duct interface; 35. Feed pipe; 4. Lower cylinder section; 5. Lower heating plate; 51. Central discharge pipe; 6. Discharge cylinder; 7. Double gate valve; 8. Driving device; 9. Rotating shaft; 10. Upper turning rake; 101. Upper lifting rod; 102. Upper scraping plate; 103. Upper fixing plate; 104. First pin shaft; 105. First limiting groove; 106. First limiting ring; 107. Upper shaft sleeve; 108. Upper iron chain; 11. Lower turning rake; 111. Lower lifting rod; 112. Lower scraping plate; 113. Lower fixing plate; 114. Second pin shaft; 115. Second limiting groove; 116. Second limiting ring; 117. Lower shaft sleeve; 118. Lower iron chain; 12. Conical distributor; 13. Feed screw; 14. Pyrolysis gas discharge pipe; 15. Feed pipe; 16. Air inlet heating structure; 161. Air inlet trumpet-shaped air duct; 162. U-shaped air inlet pipe; 17. Air outlet structure; 171. Air outlet trumpet-shaped air duct; 172. Air outlet pipe; 18. First inspection opening; 19. Second inspection opening; 20. Support; 21. Edge falling channel; 22. Central discharge channel. Specific embodiments

[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Embodiment of the vertical disc double-layer pyrolysis furnace provided by the present invention: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the vertical disc double-layer pyrolysis furnace includes a rotating shaft 9, a driving device 8 for driving the rotating shaft 9 to rotate, a feed bin 1, an upper cylinder section 2, an upper heating plate 3, a lower cylinder section 4, a lower heating plate 5, and a discharge cylinder 6 that are located outside the rotating shaft 9 and are sequentially connected together by flange seals from top to bottom.

[0032] Specifically, the feed bin 1, the upper cylinder section 2, the upper heating plate 3, the lower cylinder section 4, the lower heating plate 5, and the discharge cylinder 6 are all integrally die-cast from heat-resistant steel Q345R, having high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, and the thermal deformation is much smaller than that of traditional stainless steel materials.

[0033] As Figure 5 shown, the feed bin 1 is in an inverted cone shape and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 9. As Figure 1 shown, a support 20 is connected to the top sealing plate of the feed bin 1, and the driving device 8 is installed on the support 20. In this embodiment, the driving device 8 includes a driving motor with a speed reducer, and the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the rotating shaft 9 through a coupling for driving the rotating shaft 9 to rotate. A variable frequency stepless speed regulator is also installed on the driving motor, which can perform stepless adjustment on the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 9. A feed pipe 15 is connected to the top sealing plate of the feed bin 1, and the feed pipe 15 is communicated with the inside of the feed bin 1. A feed screw 13 is connected to the shaft section of the rotating shaft 9 located in the feed bin 1. The material falls from the feed pipe 15 into the feed bin 1, and the feed screw 13 pushes the material downward.

[0034] As Figure 1 shown, the upper cylinder section 2 is connected to the bottom of the feed bin 1 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 9. First inspection openings 18 are respectively opened at positions on both sides in the radial direction of the top of the upper cylinder section 2, and a cracking gas discharge pipe 14 is connected.

[0035] As Figure 5 shown, the upper heating plate 3 is connected to the bottom of the upper cylinder section 2 and encloses an upper cracking chamber with the upper cylinder section 2. The upper and lower ends of the lower cylinder section 4 are respectively connected to the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5, and the lower heating plate 5 encloses a lower cracking chamber with the lower cylinder section 4. As Figure 1 shown, a second inspection opening 19 is provided on the lower cylinder section 4. In this embodiment, the structures of the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5 are similar. As Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, both include a rectangular air duct frame 31, an upper flange pipe section 32 protruding upward from the rectangular air duct frame 31, and a lower flange pipe section 33 protruding downward from the rectangular air duct frame 31. The inner diameters of the upper flange pipe section 32, the lower flange pipe section 33, the upper cylinder section 2, and the lower cylinder section 4 are the same, and all four are coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 9. Flange-type air duct interfaces 34 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the rectangular air duct frame 31, and the internal space of the rectangular air duct frame 31 forms a heating chamber. The top of the lower flange pipe section 33 extends to the inner bottom wall of the rectangular air duct frame 31, and the bottom of the lower flange pipe section 33 is closed. The difference between the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5 is that: as Figure 5 and Figure 8As shown in the figure, between the upper flange pipe section 32 and the lower flange pipe section 33 of the upper heating plate 3, there are a plurality of blanking pipes 35 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the rotating shaft 9. The blanking pipes 35 penetrate through the rectangular air duct frame 31 of the upper heating plate 3 and the lower flange pipe section 33. The blanking pipes 35 are located at the inner edge positions of the upper flange pipe section 32 and the lower flange pipe section 33. The space inside the blanking pipes 35 forms an edge falling channel 21 that connects the upper cracking chamber and the lower cracking chamber. While the blanking pipes 35 achieve uniform blanking, the cracking gas in the lower cracking chamber can also enter the upper cracking chamber through the blanking pipes 35, which can prevent the blanking pipes from being blocked and ensure that the blanking pipes can normally discharge materials and ventilate. After the cracking gas passes through the evenly distributed blanking pipes, it is also evenly distributed. As Figure 5 and Figure 13 shown in the figure, inside the lower heating plate 5, there is a central discharge pipe 51 coaxial with the rotating shaft 9. The central discharge pipe 51 penetrates through the rectangular air duct frame 31 of the lower heating plate 5 and the lower flange pipe section 33. There is a certain interval between the bottom of the central discharge pipe 51 and the rotating shaft 9. The space inside the central discharge pipe 51 forms a central discharge channel 22 that connects the lower cracking chamber and the discharge cylinder 6.

[0036] As Figure 2 shown in the figure, on both sides of the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5, there are respectively connected an air inlet heating structure 16 and an air outlet structure 17 arranged in parallel. In this embodiment, as Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown in the figure, the air inlet heating structure 16 includes two air inlet horn-shaped air ducts 161 located on the left side of the rectangular air duct frame 31, a U-shaped air inlet pipe 162 connecting the two air inlet horn-shaped air ducts 161, and a regulating valve arranged at the inlet of each air inlet horn-shaped air duct 161. A gas port is opened in the middle of the U-shaped air inlet pipe 162 for connecting an air inlet pipe. The ends of the two air inlet horn-shaped air ducts 161 have flange-type interfaces, which are respectively connected to the flange-type air duct interfaces 34 on the left sides of the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5. The air outlet structure 17 includes two air outlet horn-shaped air ducts 171 located on the right side of the rectangular air duct frame 31, air outlet pipes 172 respectively connected to the two air outlet horn-shaped air ducts 171, and a regulating valve arranged at the outlet of each air outlet horn-shaped air duct 171. The two air outlet pipes 172 are interconnected. The ends of the two air outlet horn-shaped air ducts 171 also have flange-type interfaces, which are respectively connected to the flange-type air duct interfaces 34 on the right sides of the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5. The regulating valve can adjust the air inlet volume of the upper heating chamber and the lower heating chamber, and thus adjust the temperature in the upper cracking chamber and the lower cracking chamber. In other embodiments, the two air outlet horn-shaped air ducts 171 can also be connected by a U-shaped pipe, and the two air inlet horn-shaped air ducts 161 can also be respectively connected to an air inlet pipe alone, and these two air inlet pipes are arranged in parallel.

[0037] As Figure 5As shown in the figure, an upper rotating rake 10 is detachably connected to the shaft section of the rotating shaft 9 located in the upper cracking chamber, and a lower rotating rake 11 is detachably connected to the shaft section of the rotating shaft 9 located in the lower cracking chamber. A conical distributor 12 is provided on the shaft section of the rotating shaft 9 located in the upper cracking chamber and below the outlet of the feed bin 1. The conical distributor 12 can rotate together with the rotating shaft 9. The material falling from the outlet of the feed bin 1 can be evenly dispersed outward by the rotating conical distributor 12.

[0038] In this embodiment, as Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, the upper rotating rake 10 includes an upper shaft sleeve 107, upper stirring rods 101, upper scraping plates 102 and upper fixing plates 103. Among them, the upper shaft sleeve 107 is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft 9 and fixed to the rotating shaft 9 by bolts and nuts. The upper stirring rods 101 are perpendicularly connected to the upper shaft sleeve 107. Four upper stirring rods 101 and four upper fixing plates 103 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper shaft sleeve 107 and are arranged staggeredly. The connection position of the upper fixing plate 103 and the upper shaft sleeve 107 is located below the connection position of the upper stirring rod 101 and the upper shaft sleeve 107. The angle between any two adjacent upper stirring rods 101 is 90°, and the angle between any two adjacent upper fixing plates 103 is 90°. Four upper scraping plates 102 are provided. One end of each upper scraping plate 102 close to the upper shaft sleeve 107 is connected with a first pin shaft 104, and the first pin shaft 104 is inserted into the corresponding upper fixing plate 103, so that the upper scraping plate 102 can rotate relative to the upper fixing plate 103.

[0039] Two upper iron chains 108 with different lengths are connected between the upper scraping plate 102 and the corresponding upper stirring rod 101 to pull the upper scraping plate 102. Specifically, two first limiting grooves 105 are arranged at intervals on the upper scraping plate 102, and a support shaft is arranged in the first limiting grooves 105; two groups of first limiting rings 106 are arranged at intervals on the upper stirring rod 101 corresponding to the upper scraping plate 102. One end of each upper iron chain 108 is sleeved on the upper stirring rod 101, and one end is sleeved on the corresponding support shaft. At least two groups of upper iron chains 108 with different lengths are arranged at intervals between the upper scraping plate 102 and the corresponding upper stirring rod 101, and both ends of each group of upper iron chains 108 are slidably matched with the upper scraping plate 102 and the upper stirring rod 101 respectively. The first limiting grooves 105 and the first limiting rings 106 limit both ends of the upper iron chain 108. The material falling from the feed bin 1 falls onto the upper surface of the rectangular air duct frame 31 of the upper heating plate 3. When the rotating shaft 9 rotates, the four upper scraping plates 102 rotate synchronously with the upper stirring rods 101, and the material is evenly dialed towards the edge falling channel 21. When encountering larger pieces of material, the upper scraping plate 102 will rotate around the axis of the first pin shaft 104 under the blocking action of the material, so as to avoid jamming and deformation of the upper rotating rake 10.

[0040] As Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown in the figure, the lower turning rake 11 includes a lower shaft sleeve 117, lower lever 111, lower scraping plate 112, and lower fixing plate 113. The lower shaft sleeve 117 is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft 9 and fixed to the rotating shaft 9 through bolts and nuts. The lower lever 111 is perpendicularly connected to the lower shaft sleeve 117. Four lower levers 111 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower shaft sleeve 117. One end of each lower lever 111 away from the lower shaft sleeve 117 is connected with a horizontally arranged lower fixing plate 113. The number of lower scraping plates 112 is the same as that of the lower levers 111. One end of each lower scraping plate 112 away from the lower shaft sleeve 117 is connected with a second pin shaft 114, and the second pin shaft 114 is inserted into the corresponding lower fixing plate 113, so that the lower scraping plate 112 can rotate around the axis of the second pin shaft 114. Two lower iron chains 118 with different lengths are connected between the lower scraping plate 112 and the corresponding lower lever 111 to pull the lower scraping plate 112. Specifically, two second limiting grooves 115 arranged at intervals are formed on the lower scraping plate 112, and a support shaft is arranged in the second limiting grooves 115; two groups of second limiting rings 116 arranged at intervals are formed on the lower lever 111 corresponding to the lower scraping plate 112. One end of each lower iron chain 118 is sleeved on the lower lever 111, and the other end is sleeved on the corresponding support shaft. Both ends of each group of lower iron chains 118 are slidably matched with the support shaft and the lower lever 111 respectively. The second limiting grooves 115 and the second limiting rings 116 limit both ends of the lower iron chain 108.

[0041] The four lower scraping plates 112 are evenly distributed around the rotating shaft 9 in a circumferential manner. The projections of any one lower scraping plate 112 and the two adjacent lower levers 111 in the vertical direction enclose a triangle. The included angle between the lower scraping plate 112 and the corresponding lower lever 111 and the length of the lower iron chain 118 can be adjusted according to actual requirements. The materials falling from the edge falling channel 21 fall onto the upper surface of the rectangular air duct frame 31 of the lower heating plate 5. When the rotating shaft 9 rotates, the four lower scraping plates 112 rotate synchronously with the lower levers 111, and push the materials uniformly towards the direction of the central discharge channel 22. When encountering larger pieces of materials, the lower scraping plate 112 will rotate around the axis of the second pin shaft 114 under the blocking action of the materials, thereby preventing the lower turning rake 11 from being stuck and deformed.

[0042] It should be noted that the installation angles of the upper scraping plate 102 and the lower scraping plate 112 can be adjusted according to actual situations and are not specifically limited here. In addition, the materials used for each component are not limited to the heat-resistant steel Q345R in this application, as long as they can withstand the required cracking temperature and have a certain strength.

[0043] A double gate valve 7 is provided on the discharge cylinder 6, which can effectively isolate the internal and external airflows during discharging, avoid the leakage of pyrolysis gas during the discharging process, improve the sealing performance of the system, and prevent the leakage of hot gas from causing safety hazards and environmental pollution; the double gate valve 7 can also accurately control the discharging speed to adapt to different production rhythms. The bottom of the discharge cylinder 6 is connected with a screw conveyor for conveying the cracked material to a set position.

[0044] Since the rotating shaft 9 rotates, in order to prevent the leakage of hot gas, dynamic sealing structures are provided at the joint positions of the rotating shaft 9 with the feed bin 1, the upper heating plate 3, the upper cylinder section 2 and the lower cylinder section 4. In addition, two groups of bearings cooperating with the rotating shaft 9 are arranged on the bracket 20. One group is a flat thrust bearing, which plays the role of bearing axial force; the other group is a self-aligning bearing, which mainly bears radial force and limit functions to ensure the stable rotation of the rotating shaft.

[0045] During actual operation, the temperature of the hot air gas is 450°C to 500°C, the pressure is 0.2 to 0.8 MPA, the temperature of the slag discharge outlet is 200°C to 300°C, and after water-cooled spiral cooling, the temperature at the spiral outlet is 50°C to 80°C, and the moisture content is 3%.

[0046] Each component of the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace of the present invention is independent of each other, enabling modular production, more convenient assembly and disassembly, eliminating welding operations, and correspondingly avoiding the risk of gas leakage at the welding points. Compared with traditional cracking equipment, the present invention adopts double-layer cracking with fewer layers, reducing the overall height of the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace, greatly reducing the cost of the steel structure frame, and at the same time being able to use a drive motor with a lower power, saving energy consumption; the two cracking chambers can have a certain temperature difference to make the cracking more sufficient. In actual production, the sizes of the upper heating plate 3 and the lower heating plate 5 can be made larger to achieve a larger heat exchange area, enabling the material to quickly reach a high temperature in a short time, reducing the cracking time of the material, improving the cracking efficiency, having a higher production capacity than the same type of cracking equipment within a limited time, and being smaller in volume than the same type of cracking equipment. The upper rotating rake and the lower rotating rake of the vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace adopt a new design combining a rotating chain and a drag plate type material pusher, which not only ensures the material stirring effect, but also avoids rigid jamming and deformation damage, improving the service life and adaptability to various materials. Two maintenance openings are provided for more convenient maintenance. The drive motor equipped with a variable frequency stepless speed regulator can achieve stepless speed regulation of the rotating shaft 9, which can be set according to different materials, different material layer thicknesses, and different pyrolysis times, with better versatility.

[0047] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Vertical disc double-layer cracking furnace, characterized in that, It includes a rotating shaft and a feed bin, an upper cylinder section, an upper heating plate, a lower cylinder section, a lower heating plate, and a discharge cylinder that are located outside the rotating shaft and are hermetically connected together through flanges from top to bottom; An upper cracking chamber is formed between the upper cylinder section and the upper heating plate. The outlet of the feed bin communicates with the upper cracking chamber. A lower cracking chamber is formed between the upper heating plate, the lower cylinder section, and the lower heating plate. The upper heating plate has a plurality of edge falling channels that are arranged circumferentially around the rotating shaft and communicate the upper cracking chamber and the lower cracking chamber. The lower heating plate has a central discharge channel that is coaxial with the rotating shaft, and the central discharge channel communicates the lower cracking chamber and the discharge cylinder; An air inlet heating structure and an air outlet structure arranged in parallel are respectively connected between the two sides of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate; An upper rotating rake coaxial and fixed with the rotating shaft is provided in the upper cracking chamber to evenly distribute the materials falling into the upper cracking chamber to the edge falling channels. A lower rotating rake coaxial and fixed with the rotating shaft is provided in the lower cracking chamber to evenly distribute the materials falling into the lower cracking chamber to the central discharge channel.

2. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to claim 1, wherein, The upper rotating rake and / or the lower rotating rake are detachably connected to the rotating shaft.

3. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to claim 2, wherein, The upper rotating rake includes an upper shaft sleeve, upper stirring rods, upper scraping plates, and an upper fixing plate. The upper shaft sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft and is fixed to the rotating shaft through a bolt assembly; The upper stirring rods are vertically connected to the upper shaft sleeve. A plurality of upper stirring rods and upper fixing plates are evenly distributed and staggered in the circumferential direction of the upper shaft sleeve. The upper fixing plate is located below the upper stirring rods; The upper scraping plates extend radially along the upper shaft sleeve. One end of each upper scraping plate close to the upper shaft sleeve is inserted into the corresponding upper fixing plate through a first pin shaft. At least two groups of upper iron chains with different lengths are arranged at intervals between the upper scraping plates and the corresponding upper stirring rods. Both ends of each group of upper iron chains are slidably matched with the upper scraping plates and the upper stirring rods respectively. Upper limiting structures for limiting the corresponding ends of the upper iron chains are respectively provided on the upper stirring rods and the upper scraping plates.

4. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower rotating rake includes a lower shaft sleeve, lower stirring rods, lower scraping plates, and a lower fixing plate. The lower shaft sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft and is fixed to the rotating shaft through a bolt assembly; The lower stirring rods are vertically connected to the lower shaft sleeve. A plurality of lower stirring rods are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower shaft sleeve. One end of each lower stirring rod far from the lower shaft sleeve is connected with a horizontally arranged lower fixing plate; The number of the lower scraping plates is the same as that of the lower stirring rods. One end of each lower scraping plate far from the lower shaft sleeve is inserted into the corresponding lower fixing plate through a second pin shaft. The projections of any one lower scraping plate and the two adjacent lower stirring rods in the vertical direction enclose a triangle. The plurality of lower scraping plates are circumferentially distributed around the rotating shaft; At least two groups of lower iron chains are arranged at intervals between the lower scraping plates and the corresponding lower stirring rods. Both ends of each group of lower iron chains are slidably matched with the corresponding lower scraping plates and lower stirring rods respectively. Lower limiting structures for limiting the corresponding ends of the lower iron chains are respectively provided on the lower stirring rods and the lower scraping plates.

5. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed bin, the upper cylinder section, the upper heating plate, the lower cylinder section, and the lower heating plate are integrally die-cast from heat-resistant steel Q345R.

6. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper heating plate and the lower heating plate both include a rectangular air duct frame, an upper flange pipe section protruding upward from the rectangular air duct frame, and a lower flange pipe section protruding downward from the rectangular air duct frame; the upper flange pipe section and the lower flange pipe section are both coaxial with the rotating shaft, and flange-type air duct interfaces are respectively provided on both sides of the rectangular air duct frame; the top of the lower flange pipe section extends to the inner bottom wall of the rectangular air duct frame, and the bottom is closed; A plurality of feed pipes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the rotating axis are provided between the upper flange pipe section and the lower flange pipe section of the upper heating plate, and the space inside the feed pipes forms the edge drop channel, and the feed pipes penetrate the rectangular air duct frame and the lower flange pipe section of the upper heating plate; A central discharge pipe coaxial with the rotating shaft is arranged in the lower heating plate, and the central discharge pipe runs through the rectangular air duct frame and the lower flange pipe section of the lower heating plate, and the space in the central discharge pipe forms the central discharge channel.

7. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The discharging cylinder is provided with a double gate valve.

8. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to claim 6, wherein The air inlet heating structure and the air outlet structure each include two trumpet-shaped air ducts correspondingly connected to the flange-type air duct interface on the same side, and a regulating valve arranged in each trumpet-shaped air duct; The two trumpet-shaped air ducts on one side are respectively connected to an air duct, and the two air ducts are connected in parallel; and / or the two trumpet-shaped air ducts on the other side are connected to a U-shaped tube, and the U-shaped tube is provided with an air port.

9. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that A bracket is provided on the top of the feed bin, on which a driving device connected to the rotating shaft is installed, and the driving device includes a driving motor equipped with a variable frequency stepless speed regulator.

10. The vertical disk double-layer cracking furnace according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, A conical material distribution hopper is provided on the rotating shaft at a position below the outlet of the feed bin.

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