Full-automatic steam quality detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of steam quality detection, in particular to a full-automatic steam quality detection method, and the detection process comprises the following steps: S1, introducing to-be-detected steam; s2, reducing the pressure of the steam to be measured to atmospheric pressure and calculating the degree of superheat; s3, steam is heated to superheated steam and then condensed, and non-condensable gas and condensed liquid are generated; s4, calculating the content of non-condensable gas and the content of moisture in steam; and S5, outputting a calculation result, and completing detection. The tediousness of steam quality detection is simplified; the calculation result precision is improved, and the measuring device is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of steam quality detection, and particularly to a fully automatic steam quality detection method. Background Art

[0002] Steam quality is a parameter that cannot be ignored in industrial production, which directly affects equipment efficiency, product quality, and operating costs. Superheat, non-condensable gas content, and dryness are three important parameters for steam quality detection.

[0003] The existing steam quality detection methods are generally manual measurements. When measuring the non-condensable gas content, it is necessary to calculate two consecutive readings of the liquid level; when measuring the dryness, it is necessary to record the temperatures inside the pipeline and the thermos cup in real time and control the measurement time. The measurement steps are cumbersome, the calculations are complex, and the time consumption is long. The operation level of technicians has a great impact on the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0004] The integrated steam quality measuring instrument disclosed in the publication number CN118688040A can realize repeated continuous on-line measurement of steam quality, but its overall structure is relatively complex, the operation process is cumbersome, the cost is high, and the pipeline layout after throttling cannot release the steam to atmospheric pressure, nor does it clearly point out the measurement method of steam superheat, so there is still room for improvement and optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a fully automatic steam quality detection method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a fully automatic steam quality detection method, which is applied to a fully automatic steam quality detector, and the detection process includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Introduce the steam to be measured;

[0008] S2: Reduce the pressure of the steam to be measured to atmospheric pressure and calculate the superheat;

[0009] S3: Heat the steam to superheated steam and then condense it to generate non-condensable gas and the condensed liquid;

[0010] S4: Calculate the non-condensable gas content and the water content in the steam;

[0011] S5: Output the calculation result to complete the detection.

[0012] The fully automatic steam quality detector includes a flow limiting device for reducing the pressure of the steam to be measured to atmospheric pressure;

[0013] A heating device, connected to the flow limiting device, for heating the throttled steam to superheated steam;

[0014] A heat exchange device, connected to a heating device, for condensing steam;

[0015] A non-condensable gas measuring device, connected to the heat exchange device, for collecting non-condensable gases;

[0016] The flow limiting device, heating device, heat exchange device and non-condensable gas measuring device are all connected to a controller.

[0017] The flow limiting device includes a steam expansion tube, the steam expansion tube is connected with a flow limiting terminal, and a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged on the steam expansion tube;

[0018] The first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are connected to the controller.

[0019] The heating device includes a steam heating tube, the steam heating tube communicates with the steam expansion tube, a heating device is arranged in the steam heating tube, and a second temperature sensor is connected to the steam heating tube;

[0020] The heating device and the second temperature sensor are connected to the controller.

[0021] The heat exchange device includes a condensing device and a first row of pipes, and the first row of pipes is communicated with the outlet of the steam heating tube through a first valve;

[0022] The inlet end of the condensing device is communicated with the outlet of the steam heating tube through a second valve;

[0023] The outlet of the condensing device is communicated with the non-condensable gas measuring device, and a third temperature sensor is arranged at the connection between the condensing device and the non-condensable gas measuring device;

[0024] The first valve, the second valve, the condensing device and the third temperature sensor are connected to the controller.

[0025] The non-condensable gas measuring device includes a non-condensable gas measuring cylinder, and the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder is connected with a second pressure sensor;

[0026] An exhaust port and a drain port are arranged on the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder, the exhaust port of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder is connected with a fourth valve, the drain port of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder is communicated with the inlet end of a condensate measuring cylinder, and the condensate measuring cylinder is connected with a third pressure sensor;

[0027] The outlet of the condensate measuring cylinder is communicated with a second row of pipes through a third valve.

[0028] In S2, open the first valve, introduce the steam source to be measured into the steam expansion tube, and the steam to be measured sequentially passes through the steam heating tube, the first valve and the first row of pipes and is discharged;

[0029] The first pressure sensor obtains the pressure of the steam after being restricted by the flow limiter, and measures the superheat degree of the steam based on the first temperature sensor.

[0030] In step S3, the first valve is closed, the second valve and the heating device are opened, the steam is heated to superheated steam, the steam enters the condensation device, and after heat exchange and condensation, it enters the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder, and the condensed water enters the condensed water measuring cylinder.

[0031] The calculation steps of the non-condensable gas content in step S4 are as follows:

[0032] S4-1-1: After the non-condensable gas accumulates, the pressure in the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder changes. The pressure values before and after the change are measured by the second pressure sensor, and the temperature values before and after the change are measured by the third temperature sensor. The volume of the non-condensable gas is obtained according to the ideal gas equation;

[0033] S4-1-2: After the condensed water enters the condensed water measuring cylinder, the pressure in the condensed water measuring cylinder changes. The pressure values before and after the change are measured by the third pressure sensor. The volume of the condensed water is obtained according to the ideal gas equation, which is the volume of the steam;

[0034] S4-1-3: The ratio of the volume of the non-condensable gas to the volume of the condensed water is the non-condensable gas content.

[0035] The calculation steps of the water content in the steam in step S4 are as follows:

[0036] S4-2-1: Calculate the mass of the steam based on the volume of the condensed water:

[0037] S4-2-2: Based on the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and combined with the mass of the steam, determine the heat absorbed by the steam during heating and temperature rise;

[0038] S4-2-3: Obtain the input heat according to the power and heating time of the heating device. Subtract the heat absorbed by the steam during heating and temperature rise from the input heat to obtain the heat actually absorbed by the vaporization of the water in the steam;

[0039] S4-2-4: According to the ratio of the heat actually absorbed by the vaporization of the water in the steam to the heat theoretically absorbed by the vaporization of all the water, the water content in the steam can be measured, and then the dryness of the steam can be calculated.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The present application realizes the integrated and fully automatic detection of steam quality indicators (including superheat degree, non-condensable gas content, dryness), thereby reducing the time consumed by traditional manual detection and simplifying the complexity of steam quality detection;

[0042] This application uses data such as the temperature of the heated steam, the measured volume of condensed water, and the heat input to the electric heating tube to obtain the proportion of moisture in the steam and inversely deduce the steam dryness. All the data used in the calculation process are obtained through actual measurement, without using data from tables or taking approximate values for estimation, resulting in a higher accuracy of the calculation result and simplifying the measurement device.

[0043] This application measures the content of non-condensable gases using the ideal gas equation, with accurate test results, no need for liquid level difference, a simplified measurement device, and higher measurement efficiency.

[0044] When this application measures the superheat degree, it can ensure that the pressure of the sampled steam can be released to atmospheric pressure after being limited by a flow restrictor, meeting the relevant regulations in the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic connection diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic structure diagram of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic structure diagram of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0048] In the figure: 1. Flow restrictor end; 2. First pressure sensor; 3. First temperature sensor; 4. Steam expansion tube; 5. Heating equipment; 6. Steam heating tube; 7. Second temperature sensor; 8. First valve; 9. Second valve; 10. Condensing equipment; 11. Third temperature sensor; 12. Second pressure sensor; 13. Third pressure sensor; 14. Non-condensable gas measuring cylinder; 15. Condensed water measuring cylinder; 16. Fourth valve; 17. Third valve; 18. First discharge pipe; 19. Second discharge pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0049] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0051] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] Referring to Figures 1 - 3 , the full-automatic steam quality detection method is applied to a full-automatic steam quality detector, and the detection process includes the following steps:

[0053] S1: Introduce the steam to be measured;

[0054] S2: Reduce the pressure of the steam to be measured to atmospheric pressure and calculate the superheat degree;

[0055] S3: Heat the steam to superheated steam and then condense it to generate non-condensable gas and the condensed liquid;

[0056] S4: Calculate the content of non-condensable gas and the content of moisture in the steam;

[0057] S5: Output the calculation result to complete the detection.

[0058] In this embodiment, the full-automatic steam quality detection method for implementing the above detection process includes a controller, and the controller is connected to a current limiting device, a heating device, a heat exchange device, and a non-condensable gas measuring device. The controller is used to send control instructions and receive information for data processing and analysis.

[0059] Among them, the current limiting device is used to reduce the pressure of the steam to be measured to atmospheric pressure; the current limiting device includes a steam expansion tube 4, the steam expansion tube 4 is connected to a current limiting end, and a first pressure sensor 2 and a first temperature sensor 3 are arranged on the steam expansion tube 4;

[0060] The first pressure sensor 2 and the first temperature sensor 3 are connected to the controller.

[0061] The heating device is connected to the current limiting device and is used to heat the throttled steam to superheated steam; the heating device includes a steam heating tube 6, the steam heating tube 6 communicates with the steam expansion tube 4, a heating device 5 is arranged inside the steam heating tube 6, and the steam heating tube 6 is connected to a second temperature sensor 7;

[0062] The heating device 5 and the second temperature sensor 7 are connected to the controller.

[0063] In this embodiment, the heating device 5 is an electric heating rod, and the electric heating rod is connected to the controller.

[0064] The electric heating rod is suspended in the steam heating pipe 6, one end of the electric heating rod passes through the steam expansion pipe 4 and extends out, and the electric heating rod is fixedly connected to the steam expansion pipe 4. In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the steam heating pipe 6 and the steam expansion pipe 4 are of an integral structure. During installation, an installation hole is formed in the steam expansion pipe 4, the electric heating rod passes through the steam expansion pipe 4 and extends into the steam heating pipe 6, and the electric heating rod is installed and fixed to the steam expansion pipe 4 based on the installation hole. A high-temperature resistant seal can be used at the installation location to ensure the sealing effect.

[0065] The heat exchange device is connected to the heating device and is used for condensing steam; the heat exchange device includes a condensation device 10 and a first row of pipes 18, and the first row of pipes 18 is communicated with the outlet of the steam heating pipe 6 through a first valve 8;

[0066] The inlet end of the condensation device 10 is communicated with the outlet of the steam heating pipe 6 through a second valve 9;

[0067] The outlet of the condensation device 10 is communicated with the non-condensable gas measuring device, and a third temperature sensor 11 is arranged at the connection between the condensation device 10 and the non-condensable gas measuring device;

[0068] The first valve 8, the second valve 9, the condensation device 10 and the third temperature sensor 11 are connected to a controller.

[0069] The third temperature sensor 11 is a temperature probe. The condensation device 10 is an air-cooled cooler.

[0070] The detection of superheat requires the sampled steam to be released to the atmosphere after passing through a flow-limiting orifice. This requires that the inner diameters of the pipelines in the heating device, heat exchange device, and non-condensable gas measuring device after the flow-limiting device are large enough compared to the flow-limiting orifice. If the entire test device is designed as a single pipeline, this will be very difficult to achieve. Therefore, a branch is added and controlled by the first valve 8 to be opened separately during the superheat test to achieve accurate measurement.

[0071] The non-condensable gas measuring device is connected to the heat exchange device and is used for collecting non-condensable gas; the non-condensable gas measuring device includes a non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14, and the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 is connected with a second pressure sensor 12;

[0072] An exhaust port and a drain port are arranged on the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14. The exhaust port of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 is connected with a fourth valve 16. The drain port of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 is communicated with the inlet end of a condensate measuring cylinder 15, and the condensate measuring cylinder 15 is connected with a third pressure sensor 13;

[0073] The outlet of the condensate measuring cylinder 15 is connected to the second discharge pipe 19 through the third valve 17.

[0074] The first discharge pipe 18 and the second discharge pipe 19 are connected to the discharge outlet, and the steam and condensate are discharged through the discharge outlet.

[0075] In this embodiment, the first valve 8, the second valve 9, and the third valve 17 are all solenoid valves.

[0076] Based on the above structure, the operation process in step S2 of this embodiment is as follows: Open the first valve 8, and introduce the steam source to be measured into the steam expansion pipe 4. The steam to be measured sequentially passes through the steam heating pipe 6, the first valve 8, and the first discharge pipe 18 and is discharged.

[0077] The first pressure sensor 2 obtains the pressure of the steam after being limited by the flow, and the superheat degree of the steam is measured based on the first temperature sensor 3.

[0078] The superheat degree refers to the difference between the steam temperature and its saturation temperature. At present, it is stipulated that when the supplied steam is reduced to atmospheric pressure, the superheat degree does not exceed 25°C.

[0079] In step S3, close the first valve 8, open the second valve 9 and the heating device 5, heat the steam to superheated steam, the steam enters the condensation device 10, and after heat exchange and condensation, it enters the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14, and the condensate enters the condensate measuring cylinder 15.

[0080] After the non-condensable gas accumulates, the pressure in the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 changes, and the non-condensable gas content is calculated according to the ideal gas equation.

[0081] Furthermore, the calculation steps of the non-condensable gas content in step S4 are as follows:

[0082] S4-1-1: After the non-condensable gas accumulates, the pressure in the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 changes. The pressure values before and after the change are measured by the second pressure sensor 12, and the temperature values before and after the change are measured by the third temperature sensor 11. The volume of the non-condensable gas is obtained according to the ideal gas equation.

[0083] S4-1-2: After the condensate enters the condensate measuring cylinder 15, the pressure in the condensate measuring cylinder 15 changes. The pressure values before and after the change are measured by the third pressure sensor 13, and the volume of the condensate is obtained according to the ideal gas equation.

[0084] S4-1-3: The ratio of the volume of the non-condensable gas to the volume of the condensate is the non-condensable gas content. From the volume of the condensate, the mass of the condensate can be obtained. The mass of the condensate is equal to the mass of the steam. When the density is known, the volume of the steam can be directly calculated.

[0085] It is stipulated in the industry that in every 100 ml of saturated steam condensate, the non-condensable gas content is not more than 3.5 ml.

[0086] On the premise that the measurement results of this application are accurate, the measurement efficiency of the content of non-condensable gas is improved. The ideal gas equation is used to calculate the content of non-condensable gas, and the measurement can be carried out without the liquid level difference, which simplifies the measurement device and improves the measurement efficiency of the content of non-condensable gas.

[0087] The calculation steps for the water content in the steam in S4 are as follows:

[0088] S4-2-1: Calculate the mass of the steam based on the volume of the condensed water; (The density of the steam is known, and it can be calculated according to the relationship between mass and volume density)

[0089] S4-2-2: Based on the first temperature sensor 3 and the second temperature sensor 7, determine the heat absorbed by the steam during heating and temperature rise in combination with the mass of the steam;

[0090] S4-2-3: Obtain the input heat according to the power and heating time of the heating device 5. Subtract the heat absorbed by the steam during heating and temperature rise from the input heat to obtain the heat actually absorbed by the vaporization of the water in the steam;

[0091] S4-2-4: According to the ratio of the heat actually absorbed by the vaporization of the water in the steam to the heat absorbed by the vaporization of all the water theoretically, the water content in the steam can be measured, and then the dryness of the steam (1 - the water content in the steam) can be calculated.

[0092] The dryness is the mass fraction of the saturated steam in the wet steam. Currently, the industry stipulates that when sterilizing metal carriers, the dryness should not be less than 0.95; when sterilizing non-metal carriers, the dryness should not be less than 0.9.

[0093] This application achieves more accurate dryness measurement results and reduces the approximate values in the calculation formula. The dryness of the steam is measured by the method of calculating the water in the steam, and the measurement results are more accurate, and the measurement device is simplified.

[0094] The principle of this application is to use a non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 and a condensed water measuring cylinder 15 with smaller volumes, two pressure sensors and one temperature sensor. The inlet and outlet of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 are as close as possible. After the steam is cooled, it enters the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14. The non-condensable gas in the steam accumulates in the upper part of the measuring cylinder, and the condensed water is discharged from the outlet of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 and then enters the condensed water measuring cylinder 15. The volume of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder 14 is small. After the non-condensable gas accumulates, the pressure in the measuring cylinder changes. According to the ideal gas equation, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the change difference of the pressure sensor of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder, the volume of the non-condensable gas can be obtained. After the condensed water enters the condensed water measuring cylinder 15, the pressure in the measuring cylinder changes. According to the ideal gas equation, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the change difference of the pressure sensor of the condensed water measuring cylinder, the volume of the condensed water can be obtained, so as to measure the content of the non-condensable gas.

[0095] The controller is connected to a human-machine interface. The controller compares the calculated superheat degree, non-condensable gas content, and dryness with the corresponding specified ranges to generate a detection result, and interacts through the human-machine interface.

[0096] Operators can obtain information such as the steam sampling point number, test date, and test result on the human-machine interface. The fully automatic steam quality detection method can also store the test results and implement functions such as permission management, audit tracking, printing, and exporting of the test results.

[0097] The above are only alternative embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made using the content of the present invention's specification under the concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automatic steam quality detection method, applied to a fully automatic steam quality detector, characterized in that, The detection process includes the following steps: S1: Introduce the steam to be tested; S2: Reduce the pressure of the steam to be tested to atmospheric pressure and calculate the superheat degree; S3: Heat the steam to superheated steam and then condense it to generate non-condensable gas and the condensed liquid; S4: Calculate the content of non-condensable gas and the water content in the steam; S5: Output the calculation result to complete the detection.

2. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 1, wherein The full-automatic steam quality detector includes: A flow-limiting device for reducing the pressure of the steam to be tested to atmospheric pressure; A heating device connected to the flow-limiting device for heating the steam to superheated steam; A heat exchange device connected to the heating device for condensing the steam; A non-condensable gas measuring device connected to the heat exchange device for collecting non-condensable gas; The flow-limiting device, heating device, heat exchange device and non-condensable gas measuring device are all connected to the controller.

3. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 2, wherein, The flow-limiting device includes a steam expansion tube (4), the steam expansion tube (4) is connected with a flow-limiting terminal (1), and a first pressure sensor (2) and a first temperature sensor (3) are arranged on the steam expansion tube (4); The first pressure sensor (2) and the first temperature sensor (3) are connected to the controller.

4. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 3, wherein The heating device includes a steam heating tube (6), the steam heating tube (6) communicates with the steam expansion tube (4), a heating device (5) is arranged in the steam heating tube (6), and a second temperature sensor (7) is connected to the steam heating tube (6); The heating device (5) and the second temperature sensor (7) are connected to the controller.

5. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 4, wherein The heat exchange device includes a condensation device (10) and a first row of pipes (18), and the first row of pipes (18) is communicated with the outlet of the steam heating tube (6) through a first valve (8); The inlet end of the condensation device (10) is communicated with the outlet of the steam heating tube (6) through a second valve (9); The outlet of the condensation device (10) communicates with the non-condensable gas measuring device, and a third temperature sensor (11) is arranged at the connection between the condensation device (10) and the non-condensable gas measuring device; The first valve (8), the second valve (9), the condensation device (10) and the third temperature sensor (11) are connected to the controller.

6. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 5, wherein The non-condensable gas measuring device includes a non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14), and the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14) is connected with a second pressure sensor (12); An exhaust port and a drain port are arranged on the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14), the exhaust port of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14) is connected with a fourth valve (16), the drain port of the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14) communicates with the inlet end of a condensate measuring cylinder (15), and the condensate measuring cylinder (15) is connected with a third pressure sensor (13); The outlet of the condensate measuring cylinder (15) communicates with a second row of pipes (19) through a third valve (17).

7. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S2, open the first valve (8), introduce the steam source to be tested into the steam expansion tube (4), and the steam to be tested passes through the steam heating tube (6), the first valve (8) and the first row of pipes (18) in sequence and is discharged; The first pressure sensor (2) obtains the pressure of the steam after flow-limiting, and based on the first temperature sensor (3), measures the superheat degree of the steam.

8. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 7, wherein In S3, the first valve (8) is closed, the second valve (9) and the heating device (5) are opened, the steam is heated to superheated steam, the steam enters the condensation device (10), and after heat exchange and condensation, it enters the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14), and the condensed water enters the condensed water measuring cylinder (15).

9. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The calculation steps of the non-condensable gas content in S4 are as follows: S4-1-1: After the non-condensable gas accumulates, the pressure in the non-condensable gas measuring cylinder (14) changes. The pressure values before and after the change are measured by the second pressure sensor (12), and the temperature values before and after the change are measured by the third temperature sensor (11). The volume of the non-condensable gas is obtained according to the ideal gas equation; S4-1-2: After the condensed water enters the condensed water measuring cylinder (15), the pressure in the condensed water measuring cylinder (15) changes. The pressure values before and after the change are measured by the third pressure sensor (13). The volume of the condensed water is obtained according to the ideal gas equation; S4-1-3: The ratio of the volume of the non-condensable gas to the volume of the condensed water is the content of the non-condensable gas.

10. The fully automatic steam quality detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation steps of the water content in the steam in S4 are as follows: S4-2-1: Calculate the mass of the steam based on the volume of the condensed water; S4-2-2: Based on the first temperature sensor (3) and the second temperature sensor (7), and combined with the mass of the steam, determine the heat absorbed by the steam during heating and temperature rise; S4-2-3: Obtain the input heat according to the power and heating time of the heating device (5). Subtract the heat absorbed by the steam during heating and temperature rise from the input heat to obtain the heat actually absorbed by the vaporization of the water in the steam; S4-2-4: According to the ratio of the heat actually absorbed by the vaporization of the water in the steam to the heat absorbed by the vaporization of all the water theoretically, the water content in the steam can be measured, and then the dryness of the steam can be calculated.

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