Method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables by using trichogramma chilonis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pesticide residue detection, in particular to a method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables through trichogramma chilonis. The 10% lethal effect condition of the trichogramma on nine kinds of common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, abamectin, methylamino abamectin benzoate and ivermectin is determined; acute toxic effects and action rules of nine common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in vegetables on trichogramma are researched; according to the method, the 1-hour action dose of the pesticide is determined by adopting 10% of death effect, the detection limit of the trichogramma biotoxicity method on the residues of the 9 pesticides in the vegetables is calculated by combining the quality and surface area of the vegetables, and finally, the common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticide residues in the vegetables are rapidly screened by adopting the trichogramma biotoxicity limit value determination method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pesticide residue detection, and in particular to a method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables using Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. Background Art

[0002] Pesticides are a double-edged sword. The use of pesticides ensures the yield and income of crops, but at the same time brings the risk of pesticide residues. Vegetables are one of the categories most severely damaged by pests, including Lepidoptera, Diptera, etc., which forces agricultural producers to use pesticides. Due to consumers' demand for the appearance of vegetables, vegetables with pests may face problems such as poor sales or other consumer complaints. This prompts agricultural producers to use highly toxic pesticides with significant effects and quick results in large quantities, resulting in excessive pesticide residues in vegetables and seriously affecting human health. With the prohibition and restriction of the use of highly toxic pesticides such as organochlorines and organophosphates, neonicotinoid and macrolide insecticides with contact toxicity can quickly kill pests and are widely used in vegetables. Currently, quantitative analysis methods using large-scale precision instruments such as HPLC-MS / MS are mostly adopted at home and abroad. This method has high requirements for venues, personnel, time, etc.; there are also rapid detection methods such as card methods and enzyme inhibition. This method requires a large amount of chemical reagents, poses risks to the environment and personnel health, and also has certain false positives or false negatives.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a simple, convenient and rapid method for screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables using Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, specifically as follows:

[0005] A method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables using Trichogramma chilonis Ishii includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Preparation of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide test solutions;

[0007] (2) Determination of the 10% mortality unit area residue of the contact toxicity of neonicotinoids and macrolides to Trichogramma chilonis Ishii;

[0008] (3) Determination of the detection limits of neonicotinoids and macrolides in vegetables;

[0009] (4) Screening of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables.

[0010] Further, for the step (1), specifically, 0.01 g of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin pure product are respectively weighed and placed in a 100 mL beaker, dissolved with acetone, ultrasonicated for 5 - 10 min, cooled to room temperature, and then made up to the mark with acetone and shaken well to obtain 100 mg / L test stock solutions of 9 pesticides respectively; then, series of test solutions of each pesticide with concentrations of 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00, and 40.00 mg / L are respectively prepared with acetone.

[0011] Further, for the step (2), specifically: Take a glass finger tube with an inner surface area of 53.38 cm 2 , then take 0.50 mL of each concentration test solution (each pesticide is implemented separately) and add it into the finger tube, roll it evenly to form a film. Then introduce the cultured Trichogramma into the tube with the opening closed, with 100 ± 10 individuals. After 1 h, take it out and observe the death situation of Trichogramma, and statistically obtain the residue amount per unit area that can kill 10% of Trichogramma chilonis.

[0012] Further, for the step (2), the residue amount per unit area (unit: mg a.i. / cm 2 ) of the 9 pesticides that can kill 10% of Trichogramma chilonis finally determined is: imidacloprid 8.30×10 -6 , acetamiprid 1.20×10 -5 , dinotefuran 6.60×10 -5 , thiamethoxam 1.90×10 -5 , clothianidin 1.00×10 -5 , nitenpyram 1.10×10 -5 , abamectin 1.20×10 -6 , emamectin benzoate 3.60×10 -7 , ivermectin 4.10×10 -6 .

[0013] Further, for the step (3), specifically: Cut a piece of vegetable (without water) with a length of 6.5 cm and a width of 4.0 cm, weigh it, roll it into a cylinder and place it in a glass tube with an inner surface area of about 53.38 cm 2 , then introduce the cultured Trichogramma into the tube with the opening closed, with 20 individuals; after 1 h, take it out and observe the death situation of Trichogramma, and calculate the detection limit of 9 pesticides on the vegetable based on the residue amount per unit area that can kill 20% of Trichogramma chilonis and the mass of the vegetable.

[0014] Further, the detection limits (unit: mg / kg) of the 9 pesticides in vegetables are as follows: imidacloprid 2.20, acetamiprid 0.32, dinotefuran 1.80, thiamethoxam 0.51, clothianidin 0.27, nitenpyram 0.29, avermectin 0.03, emamectin benzoate 0.01, and ivermectin 0.11.

[0015] Further, the screening for the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables in step (4) is specifically as follows: Cut anhydrous vegetables with a length of 6.5 cm and a width of 4.0 cm, weigh them, roll them up, and place them in a glass tube with a length of about 53.38 cm 2 as the test tube; at the same time, use an empty tube without adding vegetables as the control tube; then introduce 20 Trichogramma chilonis after cultivation, close the tube mouth, take it out after 1 h, observe the death situation of Trichogramma chilonis, and count the mortality rate; combine the mortality rate of the control tube and the detection limit of the method to quickly screen the residue amounts of 9 neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables. Trichogramma chilonis that cannot move but only trembles its wings is also counted as dead.

[0016] Further, for step (4), the specific determination method is as follows: When the death of Trichogramma chilonis in the control tube is ≤ 10%, and no death or the mortality rate of Trichogramma chilonis in the test tube is lower than 10% occurs, it is determined that the residue value of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is lower than the detection limits of the 9 pesticides; when the death of Trichogramma chilonis in the control tube is ≤ 10%, and the mortality rate of Trichogramma chilonis in the test tube is higher than 10%, it is determined that the residue value of the 9 neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is higher than the detection limits of the 9 pesticides, and there is a situation of excessive pesticide residues.

[0017] Further, when it is determined that the residue value of the 9 neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is higher than the detection limits of the 9 pesticides and there is a situation of excessive pesticide residues, specifically, at least one of the 9 pesticides is higher than the detection limit.

[0018] To address the current pesticide residue and detection problems, the team has conducted a large number of experimental studies. Using Trichogramma chilonis, which is very sensitive to neonicotinoid and macrolide insecticides, as the toxicity test organism, by measuring the mortality rate > 10% of 6 common neonicotinoid pesticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and nitenpyram and 3 macrolide pesticides such as avermectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin on Trichogramma chilonis crawling for 1 h, the lowest concentration at which the 9 insecticides cause 10% lethality to Trichogramma chilonis is found, and the short-term toxicity effects and action rules of the 9 insecticides on Trichogramma chilonis in vegetables (such as pakchoi, pea tips, lettuce, spinach, etc.) are studied; by using the situation where the lethality rate of the 9 insecticides on Trichogramma chilonis crawling for 1 h > 10%, combined with the mass corresponding to the area of the vegetable sample to be tested, the detection limits of the residues of the above 9 pesticides are calculated to quickly screen for the situation of excessive residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables.

[0019] The method of the present invention can be fully used for the preliminary screening of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in agricultural products.

[0020] In order to prove the scientificity and rationality of the present invention, the inventors conducted the following experimental studies:

[0021] Experimental Example 1:

[0022] 1 Experimental materials and sources

[0023] 1.1 The test organism was Trichogramma lutea, and the egg cards were introduced from Henan Jiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The offspring Trichogramma egg cards were prepared by inoculating with oryzae eggs in our laboratory.

[0024] 1.2 Before the test, the egg cards were incubated at a temperature of 25±2℃ and in the dark, and the test was conducted using trichogrammatids within 24 hours of hatching.

[0025] 1.3 The original drugs of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, avermectin, avermectin benzoate and ivermectin are all used.

[0026] 2 Determination of 10% lethal residue of pesticides to Trichogramma chinensis

[0027] 2.1 Preparation of test solution

[0028] Weigh 0.01 g of pure imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, avermectin, emamectin benzoate and ivermectin respectively in a 100 mL beaker, dissolve with acetone, sonicate for 5 to 10 min, cool to room temperature, dilute to the mark with acetone, shake well, and obtain 100 mg / L test mother solutions of each of the nine pesticides; then use acetone to prepare test solutions of each pesticide series with concentrations of 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00 and 40.00 mg / L, respectively.

[0029] Take the inner surface area as 53.38cm 2 Glass finger tubes were set up, and then 0.50 mL of each concentration test solution (each pesticide was implemented separately) was taken, added into the finger tubes and rolled evenly to form a film. Then 100 ± 10 cultivated trichogrammatids were introduced and the tube mouth was closed. A blank control was also set up in the experiment, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After 1 hour, the trichogrammatids were taken out to observe the death of the trichogrammatids, and the unit area residue of the 10% lethal trichogrammatids was obtained by counting. Results: The unit area residue of the 9 pesticides that killed 10% of the trichogrammatids (mg ai / cm 2 ) are: imidacloprid 8.30×10-6, acetamiprid 1.20×10 -5 、Dinotefuran 6.60×10-5 、 Thiamethoxam 1.90×10 -5 、 Clothianidin 1.00×10 -5 、 Nitenpyram 1.10×10 -5 、 Abamectin 1.20×10 -6 、 Emamectin benzoate 3.60×10 -7 、 Ivermectin 4.10×10 -6 。

[0030] Determination of the detection limits of 3 pesticide residues in vegetables

[0031] Based on the 10% lethal residue amounts (mg a.i. / cm2) of the 9 pesticides under item "2.2", the surface area of the finger tube (cm 2 ), and the mass of the intercepted vegetable sample (g), the detection limit (LOQ, mg / kg) is calculated by the following formula:

[0032] Detection limit = (10% lethal residue amount × surface area of finger tube) / (mass of vegetable sample / 1000)

[0033] Results: The detection limits (mg / kg) of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in vegetable samples by the Trichogramma biotoxicity method are: Imidacloprid 2.20, Acetamiprid 0.32, Dinotefuran 1.80, Thiamethoxam 0.51, Clothianidin 0.27, Nitenpyram 0.29, Abamectin 0.03, Emamectin benzoate 0.01, Ivermectin 0.11. The dose-effect is shown in Figure 1 。

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are reflected in:

[0035] (1) By using Trichogramma chilonis as the toxicity test organism, the present invention determines the 10% lethal effect of 9 common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin on Trichogramma chilonis, and studies the acute toxicity effects and action rules of 9 common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in vegetables on Trichogramma chilonis; uses the 1h action dose of pesticides determined by the 10% death effect, combines the vegetable quality and surface area, calculates the detection limits of the 9 pesticides in vegetables by the Trichogramma biotoxicity method, and finally quickly screens the residues of common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in vegetables by the Trichogramma biotoxicity limit value determination method. This detection method is simple to operate and only requires simple training; does not require the use of chemical reagents such as pesticide standards, is friendly to the environment and staff; does not require the use of large, high-value and precision instrument equipment, and can meet the preliminary screening of pesticide residues in products such as Chinese cabbage, spinach, and lettuce in vegetable production.

[0036] (2) The test organism used in the detection method of the present invention is *Trichogramma chilonis*, which is widely distributed, easy to obtain, simple to raise, and low in cost.

[0037] (3) Judgment result of the present invention: After all the *Trichogramma* wasps are added to the test tube, start timing. Observe the survival of the *Trichogramma* wasps after 1 h. When the death rate of the *Trichogramma* wasps in the control tube is ≤ 10%, and there is no death or the death rate is lower than 10% in the test tube, it is determined that the residual value of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is lower than the determined value of the detection limits of 9 neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides under item (3), and it is determined that the 9 neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample are qualified; when the death rate of the *Trichogramma* wasps in the control tube is ≤ 10%, and the death rate of the *Trichogramma* wasps in the test tube is higher than 10%, or even all die, it is used as a suspected over-standard sample of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides, which may be contaminated by relevant pesticides, so as to quickly screen the residues of common neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the sample. Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 It is a graph showing the lethal rate effect of different concentrations of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides on *Trichogramma chilonis*. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] The following further limits the technical solutions of the present application in combination with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited only to the description made.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] (1) In a vegetable garden known to apply acetamiprid and nitenpyram, select lettuce, pakchoi, and spinach for testing respectively. Cut 2 vegetable leaves about 6.5 cm long and 4.0 cm wide from each vegetable, and then place them in a glass tube of about 53.38 cm 2 , and then introduce the cultivated *Trichogramma* wasps into 20 closed tube mouths. Observe the death of the *Trichogramma* wasps after 1 h. It is found that no death occurred to the *Trichogramma* wasps in the control tube, while the death rates of the *Trichogramma* wasps in the lettuce tubes 1# and 2# were 5% and 0% respectively; the death rates of the *Trichogramma* wasps in the pakchoi tubes 1# and 2# were 65% and 75% respectively; the death rates of the *Trichogramma* wasps in the spinach tubes 1# and 2# were 15% and 20% respectively. According to the above method, it is determined that the residual values of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in pakchoi and spinach are higher than the detection limits of 9 pesticides, that is, it is suspected that the pesticide residues exceed the standard.

[0042] After sampling and sending to the laboratory for analysis, the acetamiprid concentrations in lettuce 1# and 2# were 0.08 and 0.07 mg / kg respectively, the thiamethoxam concentrations were 0.01 and 0.01 mg / kg respectively, and the other pesticides were not detected; the acetamiprid concentrations in pakchoi 1# and 2# were 0.56 and 0.61 mg / kg respectively, the nitenpyram concentrations were 0.03 and 0.02 mg / kg respectively, and the other pesticides were not detected; the acetamiprid concentrations in spinach 1# and 2# were 0.37 and 0.35 mg / kg respectively, the nitenpyram concentrations were 0.01 and 0.01 mg / kg respectively. The test results showed that the acetamiprid content in pakchoi and spinach was higher than the detection limit of this method.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] (1) In a vegetable garden known to have applied a large amount of pesticides, lettuce, pakchoi, and spinach were selected for testing respectively. Two vegetable leaves approximately 6.5 cm long and 4.0 cm wide were cut from each vegetable, and then placed in a glass tube about 53.38 cm 2 long. Then, the cultured Trichogramma was introduced into 20 tubes with the openings closed. After 1 h, they were taken out to observe the death situation of the Trichogramma. It was found that the Trichogramma in the control tubes did not die, while the Trichogramma in lettuce 1# and 2# tubes died 25% and 5% respectively; the Trichogramma in pakchoi 1# and 2# tubes died 75% and 35% respectively; the Trichogramma in spinach 1# and 2# tubes died 5% and 15% respectively. According to the above method, it was determined that the neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticide residue values in lettuce 1#, pakchoi 1# and 2#, and spinach 2# were higher than the detection limits of 9 pesticides, that is, the suspected pesticide residues exceeded the standard.

[0045] After sampling and sending to the laboratory for analysis, thiamethoxam was detected in lettuce 1# with a concentration of 0.82 mg / kg, and the other pesticides were not detected, and the thiamethoxam concentration exceeded the detection limit; while acetamiprid was detected in lettuce 2# with a concentration of 0.05 mg / kg, which was lower than the detection limit.

[0046] The acetamiprid and emamectin benzoate concentrations in pakchoi 1# were 0.16 and 0.06 mg / kg respectively, and the other pesticides were not detected, and the emamectin benzoate exceeded the detection limit; the acetamiprid and thiamethoxam concentrations in 2# were 0.05 and 1.23 mg / kg respectively, and the other pesticides were not detected, and the thiamethoxam concentration was higher than the detection limit.

[0047] The acetamiprid and thiamethoxam concentrations in spinach 1# were 0.04 and 0.05 mg / kg respectively, and the other pesticides were not detected, and both the acetamiprid and thiamethoxam concentrations were lower than the detection limit. The acetamiprid and thiamethoxam concentrations in spinach 2# were 0.07 and 0.73 mg / kg respectively, and the thiamethoxam was higher than the detection limit.

[0048] Laboratory results showed that the presence of neonicotinoids or macrolide pesticides in lettuce 1#, Chinese cabbage 1# and 2#, and spinach 2# exceeded the detection limit, which was consistent with the results of the test using the Trichogramma.

[0049] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or associated with the content disclosed by ordinary technicians in this field should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly screening the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables by Trichogramma chilonis, which is characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of test solutions of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides; (2) Determination of the residual amount per unit area of the contact toxicity of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides to Trichogramma chilonis at the 10% mortality unit; (3) Determination of the detection limits of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables; (4) Screening for residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables.

2. The method for rapidly screening the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 1, wherein For step (1), specifically, 0.01 g of pure imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin were weighed separately into 100 mL beakers, dissolved with acetone, ultrasonicated for 5 - 10 min, and after cooling to room temperature, made up to the mark with acetone and shaken well to obtain the test stock solutions of 100 mg / L of each of the 9 pesticides; then, series of test solutions of each pesticide with concentrations of 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00, and 40.00 mg / L were prepared with acetone respectively.

3. The method for rapidly screening the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The specific operation of step (2) is as follows: Take a glass finger tube with an inner surface area of 53.38 cm 2 . Then, separately take 0.50 mL of each concentration test solution (each pesticide is implemented separately), add it into the finger tube, and roll it evenly to form a film. Then introduce the cultivated Trichogramma into the tube with the tube mouth closed, with 100 ± 10 individuals. After 1 h, take them out to observe the death situation of Trichogramma, and statistically obtain the residual amount per unit area of Trichogramma chilonis with 10% lethality.

4. The method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis Ishii as claimed in claim 1, wherein In step (2), the residue amount per unit area (unit: mg a.i. / cm 2 ) of the 9 pesticides that are lethal to 10% of Trichogramma chilonis is as follows: imidacloprid 8.30×10 -6 , acetamiprid 1.20×10 -5 , dinotefuran 6.60×10 -5 , thiamethoxam 1.90×10 -5 , clothianidin 1.00×10 -5 , nitenpyram 1.10×10 -5 , abamectin 1.20×10 -6 , emamectin benzoate 3.60×10 -7 , ivermectin 4.10×10 -6 .

5. The method for rapidly screening for neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 1, wherein Step (3) specifically includes: cutting vegetables (without water) with a length of 6.5 cm and a width of 4.0 cm, weighing them, rolling them up and placing them in a glass tube of about 53.38 cm 2 . Then, introduce the cultured Trichogramma into the tube, close the tube mouth with 20 pieces. After 1 hour, take them out and observe the death situation of Trichogramma, and calculate the detection limit of 9 pesticides on vegetables according to the residual amount per unit area of Trichogramma chilonis that causes 20% death and the vegetable quality.

6. The method for rapidly screening the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 1, wherein The detection limits (unit: mg / kg) of the 9 pesticides in vegetables are: imidacloprid 2.20, acetamiprid 0.32, dinotefuran 1.80, thiamethoxam 0.51, clothianidin 0.27, nitenpyram 0.29, abamectin 0.03, emamectin benzoate 0.01, and ivermectin 0.

11.

7. The method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 1, wherein The screening for the residues of neonicotinoids and macrolide pesticides in vegetables in step (4) is specifically as follows: Cut anhydrous vegetables with a length of 6.5 cm and a width of 4.0 cm, weigh them, roll them up and place them in a glass tube of about 53.38 cm 2 as the test tube; at the same time, use an empty tube without vegetables added as the control tube; then introduce 20 Trichogramma wasps after cultivation, close the tube mouth, take them out after 1 h, observe the death situation of the Trichogramma wasps and count the mortality rate; combine the mortality rate of the control tube and the detection limit of the method to quickly screen the residue amounts of 9 neonicotinoids and macrolide pesticides in vegetables.

8. The method for rapidly screening neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticide residues in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 7, wherein Trichogramma that cannot move but only trembles its wings is also counted as dead.

9. The method for rapidly screening the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis Ishii as claimed in claim 1, wherein For step (4), the specific determination method is: when the death rate of Trichogramma in the control tube is ≤ 10%, and there is no death or the mortality rate in the test tube is lower than 10% for Trichogramma, it is determined that the residual value of neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is lower than the detection limits of the 9 pesticides; when the death rate of Trichogramma in the control tube is ≤ 10%, and the mortality rate of Trichogramma in the test tube is higher than 10%, it is determined that the residual value of the 9 neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is higher than the detection limits of the 9 pesticides, and there is a situation of excessive pesticide residues.

10. The method for rapidly screening the residues of neonicotinoid and macrolide pesticides in vegetables by using Trichogramma chilonis as claimed in claim 9, wherein When it is determined that the residual value of the 9 neonicotinoid or macrolide pesticides in the vegetable sample is higher than the detection limits of the 9 pesticides and there is a situation of excessive pesticide residues, specifically, at least 1 of the 9 pesticides is higher than the detection limit.

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