Simulation analysis method for full-life-cycle carbon emission of modular building

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a full-life-cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for a modular building. The method comprises the following steps: a database establishment step: constructing a database of standard parameter information of the modular building; a model rapid construction step: constructing a building simulation energy consumption simulation model; and a simulation analysis step: acquiring parameter information of the to-be-analyzed building from the database, performing simulation calculation through the model to obtain full-life-cycle carbon emission data of the to-be-analyzed building, storing the obtained data, and forming a report for display. According to the invention, the rapid energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation functions of the modular building are realized, so that the full-life-cycle carbon emission calculation of the building can be rapidly and accurately carried out, and meanwhile, the universality of professional building energy consumption software application is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of architectural design, and particularly relates to a method for simulating and analyzing the carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of a modular building. Background Art

[0002] Modular integrated construction (MiC) buildings, that is, "modular integrated buildings", split buildings into modular "units". The construction processes such as the structure, decoration, water and electricity, equipment pipelines, and bathroom facilities of the modules are efficiently completed in the factory. On-site, the modules are quickly assembled into a complete building through reliable connection technologies. This technology moves the building from the construction site to the factory, greatly shortening the construction period and reducing the construction difficulty, achieving "building houses like manufacturing cars". It is the greenest construction method with the highest degree of building industrialization at present. Modular buildings are a type of prefabricated building and can be regarded as integrated prefabricated buildings, which are a highly standardized building form.

[0003] The calculation of building carbon emissions (building carbon emissions: refers to the total greenhouse gas emissions generated by buildings during their life cycle, including building material production and transportation, construction and demolition, operation, etc., usually expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent) has been widely concerned worldwide. For example, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has formulated "Sustainability of buildings and civil engineering works - Carbon measurement of existing buildings during use - Part 2: Verification" (ISO 16745-2:2017). The World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) have jointly developed the Greenhouse Gas Protocol after more than a decade of cooperation. Many developed countries have also put forward their own building carbon emission calculation schemes.

[0004] However, since the building carbon emission calculation methods of international organizations and developed countries have not been unified, these foreign schemes can only be used for reference and are not suitable for direct use in China.

[0005] China's carbon emission calculation work began with the "Building Carbon Emission Measurement Standard" CECS374:2014, a standard of the China Engineering Construction Standardization Association published in 2014. On this basis, after repeated demonstration and research by many experts and scholars, the national standard "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" CB / T51366-2019 was officially implemented on December 1, 2019. This standard gives the guidelines for carbon emission calculation in the operation, construction and demolition, building material production and transportation stages of newly built, expanded and renovated civil buildings, and basically unifies the boundaries, objects and methods of carbon emission calculation in the whole life cycle of buildings [the whole life cycle of buildings: refers to the whole cycle process of buildings from the production and transportation of materials and components, planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance until demolition and treatment (abandonment, recycling and reuse, etc.)], with great original innovation and breakthrough value. The "General Specification for Building Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization" CB55015-2021 jointly issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the State Administration for Market Regulation on September 8, 2021 requires that since April 1, 2022, the feasibility study report, construction plan and preliminary design document of construction projects should include a building carbon emission analysis report, further enhancing the importance of building carbon emission calculation work.

[0006] China's governments at all levels and research institutions have actively exerted efforts in the field of building carbon emission calculation. Many Chinese scholars have also carried out research on building carbon emission calculation, and the research results have shown an explosive growth.

[0007] However, some problems have also emerged in the existing building carbon emission calculation methods, mainly reflected in four aspects: 1) The carbon emission calculation methods for new building methods are not considered, such as prefabricated buildings, 3D printing, etc.; 2) The carbon emission calculation methods for special building stages are not considered, such as the processing, production and transportation of building prefabricated components, and there is currently no detailed method for the accounting of each stage of building construction; 3) The implementation methods of building carbon emission calculation are not considered, such as the data acquisition method required for building carbon emission calculation affects the accuracy of the final data. At present, there is little research on data acquisition methods and the database construction is not comprehensive enough; 4) The latest information technology-assisted applications are not considered, such as GPS, blockchain technology, BIM technology, etc.; 5) The issues of method efficiency and data reliability are not considered, etc. The traditional building energy consumption simulation model is complex to model, with high labor costs, slow speed and poor accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for simulating and analyzing the carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of a modular building, so as to improve the reliability and efficiency of building simulation and facilitate users to evaluate the performance and effect of building design.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention propose a method for simulating and analyzing the carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of a modular building, including: Database establishment step: Establish a database of standard parameter information for modular buildings; Model rapid construction step: Construct a building simulation energy consumption simulation model; Simulation analysis step: Obtain the standard parameter information of the building to be analyzed from the database, calculate the whole-life cycle carbon emission data of the building to be analyzed through the model simulation, store the obtained data and form a report for display.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention combines a simulation model with a mathematical model and computer technology to simulate the performance of building design elements under actual conditions; The present invention realizes the functions of rapid energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation for modular buildings, enables the building to quickly and accurately calculate the whole-life cycle carbon emissions, and improves the universality of professional building energy consumption software applications. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the whole-life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0012] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0013] In the embodiments of the present invention, if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), they are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0014] In addition, in the present invention, the descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0015] Please refer to Figure 1 , the whole-life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a database establishment step, a model rapid construction step, and a simulation analysis step.

[0016] Database establishment steps: Establish a database of standard parameter information for modular buildings. According to the data information required for carbon emission calculations at each stage, the present invention constructs an integrated database to match complete data information for carbon emission calculations throughout the building life cycle. The standard parameter information includes standardized modular component information, precast component parameter information (such as the proportion of building materials used in components, unit weight, production energy consumption information, transportation information, etc.), carbon emission factor information (such as carbon emission factors for various energy sources, carbon emission factors for various building materials, etc.), and other default empirical value information.

[0017] In specific implementation, according to the highly standardized characteristics of modular buildings (MiC), the building model can be disassembled. Combining the different spatial functions and regional energy consumption, the building space can be classified. Areas with the same function or similar energy consumption during the operation stage are taken as a unit to form a standardized space for naming, and a standardized modular component (space) is established. Each component (space) needs to include the following standard parameter information for building simulation operation: environmental parameters, building envelope structure information (exterior wall, interior wall, exterior window, roof, ground, and floor slab), lighting and other load information, mechanical and electrical equipment HVAC system information, internal disturbances of personnel, time information, etc. In addition to the above information, the standardized modular component also includes standard parameter information for the production and transportation stages: the proportion of building materials used in module production, production and processing energy consumption, manual energy consumption, transportation tools, etc.

[0018] Model rapid construction steps: Construct a building simulation energy consumption simulation model. In specific implementation, the Legacy OpenStudio SketchUp Plug-in (SketchUp plug-in) can be secondarily developed using the Ruby language, and a building simulation energy consumption simulation model based on Energy Plus as the kernel can be quickly established using standard components.

[0019] Combining the highly standardized characteristics of modular buildings, the present invention quickly establishes a simulation energy consumption model that can be used for Energy Plus energy consumption simulation, solves the complex modeling process, reduces labor costs and time costs, and at the same time facilitates non-professionals to use quickly, improving the universality of professional software applications.

[0020] As an implementation method, for the building operation stage, components (spaces) in the established database can be quickly combined into a complete building simulation energy consumption model. The complete building simulation energy consumption model is realized for background editing and addition through newly developed functions of OpenStudio: perform all matches and add the corresponding thermal zones of the components (spaces); convert the complete building simulation energy consumption model with thermal zones into the IDF file format in the form of an OSM file, and then perform background batch editing of the ideal air conditioning system and operation time through newly developed functions of Open Studio. The building simulation energy consumption model for simulation energy consumption simulation is completed. The next step of simulation energy consumption simulation can be carried out.

[0021] Add the function of calling Energy Plus under SketchUp Plug-in to achieve building simulation energy consumption simulation, and directly store the data after simulation into the database.

[0022] When calculating carbon emissions during the operation stage, directly obtain the energy consumption data obtained after simulation from the database, and automatically match other data information such as corresponding relevant carbon emission factors.

[0023] For the building building materials production stage, the statistically collected building materials consumption and related energy consumption information can be batch uploaded through the file import window on the full-cycle carbon emission calculation platform, the uploaded data can be corrected through the platform's custom modification and addition window, and then automatically match other data information such as corresponding relevant carbon emission factors.

[0024] For the building precast component production stage, the information such as the types and sizes of the precast components statistically collected is batch uploaded through the file import window on the full-cycle carbon emission calculation platform, and the corresponding parameter information of the precast components established in advance in the database (such as the material proportion in the precast components, the unit weight of the precast components, etc.) and the default empirical values of the processing energy consumption of the precast components (such as the mechanical equipment and manual energy consumption used in the production of unit precast components) are automatically matched; at the same time, a custom modification and addition window is opened to correct the above data, and then automatically match other data information such as corresponding relevant carbon emission factors.

[0025] For the production stage of building standardized module components (i.e., MiC components), automatically match and extract the information such as the types, quantities, and sizes of the module components in the previous building simulation energy consumption model, and automatically match the corresponding parameters of the modules established in advance in the database (such as the material information and proportion in the modules, the unit weight of the standard modules, etc.) and the default values of the module processing energy consumption (such as the mechanical equipment and manual energy consumption used in the production of unit modules); at the same time, a custom modification and addition window is opened to correct the above data, and then automatically match the corresponding relevant carbon emission factors and other data information.

[0026] For obtaining the energy consumption data generated during the transportation stage of building materials and standardized modular components, an interface can be set up to access open-source maps and route planning plugins to determine the transportation distance. For building materials directly used in construction, input the initial location (building materials factory) and the destination (construction site). For precast components or standardized modular components, automatically match the default distance from the material usage information previously matched to the precast component or modular processing factory (established in the database in advance). Use open-source maps and route planning plugins to input the initial location (precast component or modular processing factory) and the destination (construction site) of the transportation of precast components or standardized modular components. Open a custom selection window to select the type of transportation vehicle (the database has information on the energy consumption per unit distance of relevant transportation vehicles), and then automatically match other data information such as the corresponding carbon emission factors.

[0027] For the energy consumption data generated during the building construction stage, the default value of unit energy consumption established in advance can be obtained from the database, and the number of construction days can be input. It is also possible to choose to directly upload the energy consumption data monitored and measured during the construction stage to the carbon emission calculation platform through the interface, and then automatically match other data information such as the corresponding carbon emission factors.

[0028] For obtaining carbon emission factors: The database establishes carbon emission factor information, automatically matches relevant carbon emission factors, and at the same time opens a custom modification and addition window to correct the above data.

[0029] For calculating carbon emission data, the present invention selects the carbon emission factor method. The emission factor method is the most commonly used carbon emission accounting method at home and abroad. This method calculates the carbon emissions based on the activity data of a certain process and the corresponding carbon emission factors. The carbon emission source inventory is the data support for the emission factor method. Using the emission factor method to calculate the carbon emissions during the building life cycle, according to the simulation data and other activity data obtained in other stages, such as the input quantity of building materials, construction projects, and the usage plan of construction machinery and equipment, multiply by the corresponding carbon emission factors to obtain the carbon emissions of each activity in each stage. The basic formula of the emission factor method is shown as follows: =AD×EF In the formula: represents the greenhouse gas emissions; AD represents the activity data; EF represents the emission factor.

[0030] Match the corresponding carbon emission calculation formula from the database to calculate the carbon emissions in each stage.

[0031] Steps of simulation analysis: Obtain the parameter information of the building to be analyzed from the database, calculate the carbon emissions data of the whole life cycle of the building to be analyzed through the model simulation, store and record the obtained data, and form a report for display. Specifically, when implementing, Energy Plus can be called for energy consumption simulation, and the simulated data and related information can be quickly and automatically matched to the whole life cycle carbon emission calculation platform developed with C++ language to achieve data interaction; store the simulated data in the database, and establish a carbon emission factor library, a default value library, and a calculation formula library in the database; add windows for modifying, customizing, and importing data information; automatically identify and match information, and calculate and analyze the carbon emissions in each stage and the whole life cycle by calling the information in the library.

[0032] The present invention classifies and records the information data of each stage in a refined manner and applies it to improve the accuracy of carbon emission calculation data.

[0033] As an implementation method, the calculation method of carbon emissions generated in the production stage of building materials and standardized module components of the building to be analyzed in the simulation analysis steps is as follows: (Building materials) By multiplying the consumption of building materials by the corresponding carbon emission factor, the carbon emissions of building material production can be quantified. At the same time, taking into account the inevitable reasonable loss of materials during the construction process, the calculation formula is: ; In the formula: is the consumption of the i-th building material; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th building material, kgCO2e / unit; is the loss coefficient of the i-th building material due to on-site construction. Here, the carbon emissions in the building material production stage do not include the building materials used in the production of standardized module components and precast components.

[0034] (Standardized module components / precast components) The carbon emissions generated by the raw materials of precast components include the carbon emissions from the consumption of building materials used in the production of components or modules, the energy consumption of processing machinery, and the carbon emissions from human activities. The calculation formula is: ; In the formula: r is the proportion coefficient of the consumption of the i-th building material in the production of precast components or standardized module components; is the consumption of the e-th type of energy, kWh or kg; is the carbon emission factor of the e-th type of energy, kgCO2e / kWh or kgCO2e / kg; is the number of workers; is the average man-days per person; is the carbon emission factor of human beings, kgCO2e / (person∙man-day).

[0035] As an implementation method, the calculation method of carbon emissions generated during the transportation stage of building materials and standardized modular components of the building to be analyzed in the simulation analysis step is as follows: The carbon emissions are mainly related to the transportation method and transportation distance. The transportation methods include railway, highway, waterway and air. The following formulas are respectively applicable to the calculation of transportation carbon emissions when building contractors purchase materials from local and overseas suppliers: (local); (overseas); In the formula: is the total transportation distance of the l-th building material or component, km; is the energy consumption index of the r-th transportation tool for transporting the l-th building material or component, L / km; is the carbon emission factor of the energy type used by the transportation tool, kgCO2e / L; is the consumption of the l-th building material or component, t; is the distance transportation of the l-th building material or component by the k-th transportation method; is the carbon emission factor of transportation method k, kgCO2e / (t·km); , is the coefficient considering the carbon emissions of the empty return of transportation. For railways, ships and airplanes, it is taken as 1, and for trucks and lorries, it is taken as 1.67.

[0036] As an implementation method, the calculation method of carbon emissions generated during the operation stage of the building to be analyzed in the simulation analysis step is as follows: The carbon emissions during the daily use of the building refer to the carbon emissions generated by the consumption of different types of energy (such as electricity, gas, fuel, etc.) in each energy consumption system (including heating, ventilation and air conditioning, lighting, elevators, etc.) during the operation of the building minus the carbon reduction amount of the building's renewable energy and carbon sink system. The calculation formula is: ; ; In the formula: is the annual consumption of the e-th type of energy; is the amount of the e-th type of energy provided by the renewable energy system consumed by the s-th system annually; is the carbon emission factor of the e-th type of energy; is the annual carbon reduction amount of the building carbon sink system, kgCO2e / a; is the plant carbon sink factor, kgCO2e / m 2 ; is the area of the building and the surrounding vegetation green space, m 2 ; is the service life of the building, a.

[0037] As an implementation manner, the calculation method of carbon emissions generated during the construction stage of the building to be analyzed in the simulation analysis step is as follows: The carbon emissions during the construction stage mainly come from on-site construction machinery and worker activities. According to the on-site statistics of the consumption of various types of energy (such as electricity, diesel, gasoline) and the working days of workers in different sub-projects (such as civil engineering, curtain wall engineering, decoration engineering), the energy consumption in the construction area and the temporary office and living area is also covered. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula: is the consumption of the e-th type of energy in the n-th sub-project, kWh or kg; is the carbon emission factor of the e-th type of energy, kgCO2e / kWh or kgCO2e / kg; is the number of workers in the n-th sub-project; is the corresponding man-day per capita; is the artificial carbon emission factor, kgCO2 / (person·man-day).

[0038] As an implementation manner, the calculation method of carbon emissions generated during the demolition stage of the building to be analyzed in the simulation analysis step is as follows: .

[0039] The calculated data is analyzed according to each stage and the whole life cycle, and finally a report is formed for export and display.

[0040] Based on the open-source building energy consumption modeling tool Open Studio, the building energy consumption simulation software EnergyPlus, and the carbon emission calculation platform innovatively developed using C++ and Ruby, the present invention can integrate and save modular building information in the database, and improve the complex parameter settings into simple parameter settings; after calling the Energy Plus energy consumption simulation function through the program, the simulated information is matched to the carbon emission calculation platform through data interaction, integrating the carbon emission factor library and the default value information library, and matching the built-in carbon emission calculation formula, realizing the functions of rapid energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation of modular buildings, enabling the building to quickly and accurately calculate the carbon emissions throughout the life cycle while improving the universality of the application of professional building energy consumption software.

[0041] The present invention realizes the rapid simulation calculation and analysis of the carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of modular buildings, and the present invention can be widely applied to the rapid simulation calculation of the carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for simulating and analyzing the carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of a modular building, characterized in that, Including: Database establishment step: constructing a database of standard parameter information for modular buildings; Model rapid construction step: constructing a building simulation energy consumption simulation model; Simulation analysis step: obtaining the standard parameter information of the building to be analyzed from the database, calculating the carbon emissions data of the whole life cycle of the building to be analyzed through the model simulation, storing the obtained data and forming a report for display.

2. The full life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method of the modular building according to claim 1, wherein, In the database establishment step, according to the characteristics of the modular building height standardization, combined with the different space functions and regional energy uses, the building space is classified, the areas with the same function or similar energy uses during operation are taken as a unit, a standardized space is formed and named, and a standardized module component is established. Except for the same geometric information, each standardized module component also contains the standard parameter information for building simulation operation. The standard parameter information for building simulation operation includes one or more of building structure enclosure information, environmental parameters, lighting and other load information, mechanical and electrical equipment HVAC system information, internal disturbances of personnel, time information, standard parameter information in the production and transportation stages, proportion information of building materials used in module production, production and processing energy consumption information, artificial energy consumption information, and transportation tool information.

3. The full life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that In the simulation analysis calculation steps, the carbon emissions generated during the building material production stage of the building to be analyzed are calculated according to the following formula :[[]]END]] ； Wherein: is the consumption of the i-th building material; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th building material; is the loss coefficient of the i-th building material due to on-site construction, and n is the number of types of building materials; Calculate the carbon emissions generated during the production stage of standardized modular components or prefabricated components of the building to be analyzed according to the following formula : ； where: r is the consumption proportion coefficient of the i-th building material in the production standardization module components or prefabricated components; is the energy consumption of the e-th type; is the carbon emission factor of the e-th type of energy; is the number of workers; is the man-days per capita; is the carbon emission factor of labor.

4. The full-life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that In the simulation analysis calculation step, the carbon emissions generated in the transportation stage of the building materials and standardized module components to be analyzed are calculated according to the following formula: ； ； Wherein: is the transportation carbon emission of purchasing building materials or standardized modular components from local suppliers, is the transportation carbon emission of purchasing building materials or standardized modular components from overseas suppliers, is the total transportation distance of the l-th type of building materials or standardized modular components; is the energy consumption index of the r-th transportation vehicle for transporting the l-th type of building materials or standardized modular components; is the carbon emission factor of the energy type of the transportation vehicle; is the consumption of the l-th type of building materials or standardized modular components; is the distance transportation of the l-th type of building materials or standardized modular components by the k-th transportation mode; is the carbon emission factor of the transportation mode k; 、 are the coefficients considering the carbon emission of the transportation vehicle returning empty.

5. The full life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the transportation mode is railway, ship and aircraft, , take 1. When the transportation mode is truck and lorry, , take 1.

67.

6. The full life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method of the modular building according to claim 3, characterized in that In the simulation analysis calculation steps, the carbon emissions generated during the operation stage of the building to be analyzed are calculated according to the following formula : ； ； Wherein: is the annual consumption of the e-th type of energy; is the amount of the e-th type of energy consumed by the s-type system provided by the renewable energy system in a year; is the carbon emission factor of the e-th type of energy; is the annual carbon reduction amount of the building carbon sink system; is the plant carbon sink factor; is the area of the building and the surrounding vegetation green space; is the service life of the building.

7. The full-life-cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that In the simulation analysis calculation steps, the carbon emissions generated by the building to be analyzed during the construction stage are calculated according to the following formula : ； In the formula: is the consumption of the e-th type of energy in the n-th sub - item project; is the carbon emission factor of the e-th type of energy; is the number of workers in the n-th sub - item project; is the corresponding man - day per capita; is the carbon emission factor of labor.

8. The full-life cycle carbon emission simulation analysis method for modular buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that In the simulation analysis calculation steps, the carbon emissions generated by the building to be analyzed during the demolition stage are calculated according to the following formula :[[]]END]] 。

Images