Multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method and system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method and system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data. The method comprises the following steps: accounting nitrous oxide emissions of fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activity and waste treatment in a reference year; calculating the monthly nitrous oxide emission amount of a fuel combustion emission source in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emission amount of an industrial production emission source in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emission amount of an agricultural activity emission source in the target year and the monthly nitrous oxide emission amount of a waste treatment emission source in the target year; and adding to obtain the total nitrous oxide emission in the target year. The method has the advantages that emission source accounting methods discussed by the method are kept consistent, the accounting boundary is clear and definite, and the accounting result has accumulability and comparability; the method does not depend on traditional national statistical data, and overcomes the defects that previous data are not available, lagged, missing and the like; the method disclosed by the invention fully reveals the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of emission of different emission sources in a regional level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of greenhouse gas emission accounting, and specifically relates to a method and system for accounting nitrous oxide emissions of multiple departments based on multi-source heterogeneous big data. Background Technique

[0002] As the third-largest greenhouse gas globally, nitrous oxide (N2O) has emissions second only to carbon dioxide and methane, accounting for 5% of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities. At the same time, its greenhouse effect is extremely significant, and its warming potential over 100 years is approximately 273 times that of carbon dioxide. This gas has a relatively long residence time in the atmosphere, about 120 years. In nature, N2O emissions from human activities such as fuel combustion, industrial production activities, agricultural activities, and waste treatment account for 84% of all emission sources. In recent years, N2O emissions caused by human activities have been growing rapidly. In 2022, the concentration of N2O in the atmosphere reached 336 ppb, 25% higher than the pre-industrial level. Currently, the growth rate of global nitrous oxide emissions caused by human activities is faster than all emission scenarios predicted by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and far exceeds the temperature rise target set by the Paris Agreement. Therefore, actively promoting nitrous oxide emission reduction work is of great significance for achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality and addressing global climate change. In this process, accurately accounting for the total nitrous oxide emissions of each region and department is a crucial step. Rapidly and precisely obtaining nitrous oxide emission data plays a decisive role in formulating scientific and reasonable emission reduction measures and policies for each region and department.

[0003] Nitrous oxide generated by human activities includes four sectors: fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment. Current research focuses more on a certain field and lacks consistent measurements of the entire scope of anthropogenic emission sources from aspects such as accounting methodology and accounting scope. The accounting process mainly relies on statistical data such as energy statistical yearbooks, industrial statistical yearbooks, agricultural statistical yearbooks, and urban statistical yearbooks. However, statistical data often has a long lag, generally more than one and a half years, resulting in a significant lag in the accounting results of nitrous oxide emissions compared to the actual situation. The lag problem makes it impossible to effectively capture the impact of factors such as process technology updates, production method changes, and the establishment and demolition of new and old enterprises on the total emissions, thus making it difficult to accurately reflect the true level and dynamic changes of nitrous oxide emissions in a timely manner. At the same time, existing emission accounting methods cannot accurately quantify to a fine-grained spatial scale, such as the regional level, and usually only stay at the national macro level, unable to fully reveal the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity.

[0004] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows:

[0005] (1) The existing research on emission accounting methods mainly focuses on single emission sources. Due to the inconsistency of accounting boundaries, it is impossible to obtain the total emissions through simple accumulation, making it difficult to accurately reflect the overall emission level of nitrous oxide from all anthropogenic emission sources.

[0006] (2) The existing emission accounting methods rely on statistical data, with a relatively long calculation lag period, often measured in years, making it difficult to quickly and timely reflect the true level and dynamic changes of nitrous oxide emissions.

[0007] (3) The existing emission accounting methods cannot accurately quantify to a fine-grained spatial scale (such as the urban level). Their accounting results are usually limited to the overall emissions at the national level, making it difficult to fully reveal the regional spatial emission heterogeneity. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to overcome the defects of inconsistent accounting boundaries, long calculation lag period, and coarse quantification granularity.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, this application proposes a multi-sector nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, including:

[0010] Accounting for the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the base year;

[0011] Accounting for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources in the target year:

[0012] According to the energy consumption of each sector in each region in the base year and the target year, convert it into the total energy consumption, and combine with the proportional relationship of monthly energy consumption data to account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources in the target year;

[0013] Accounting for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production emission sources in the target year:

[0014] Based on the nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production in each region in the base year, establish an emission coefficient matrix. According to the functional relationship between the product output of adipic acid and nitric acid production enterprises and the nitrogen oxide emission data of the on-line monitoring system, and based on the changes in the monthly on-line monitored nitrogen oxide emissions, account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production emission sources in the target year;

[0015] Accounting for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activity emission sources in the target year:

[0016] Based on the number of live pigs, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig species in the target year; combined with the functional relationship between the feed production of ruminants, laying poultry, and equines and their total year-end inventory, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, laying poultry, and equines in each region of the target year; the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure management in the target year are obtained by summing the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig species in the target year and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, laying poultry, and equines in each region of the target year;

[0017] Based on the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure management in the target year, combined with the nitrogen element content of manure and the nitrous oxide emission conversion coefficient, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of manure from livestock and poultry species in agricultural land in each region of the target year; according to the functional relationship between the monthly consumer price index of rural residents for residential use and the nitrogen excretion amount of rural population, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by the excreta of rural population in agricultural land in each region of the target year; the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of manure nitrogen input in each region of the target year are obtained by summing the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of manure from livestock and poultry species in agricultural land in each region of the target year and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by the excreta of rural population in agricultural land in each region of the target year;

[0018] Based on the functional relationship between the pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the total production of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers, combined with the monthly data of the pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and according to the proportional relationship between the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the base year and the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the target year, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in each region of the target year;

[0019] Based on the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fertilization in agricultural land in each region of the target year, combined with the atmospheric nitrogen deposition parameters and the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, calculate the monthly indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region of the target year;

[0020] According to the proportional relationship between the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in each region of the target year and the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in each region of the base year, combined with the nitrogen input parameters of leaching and runoff and the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of leaching and runoff, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching and runoff in each region of the target year;

[0021] The monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activity sources in the target year are obtained by summing the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure management in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of manure nitrogen input in each region of the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in each region of the target year, the monthly indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region of the target year, and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching and runoff in each region of the target year;

[0022] Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment emission sources in the target year:

[0023] Based on the monthly total nitrogen emissions of the regional sewage treatment plant's online monitoring system, combined with the functional relationship between the sewage treatment volume of the regional sewage treatment plant and the total nitrogen emissions of its online monitoring system, and according to the proportional relationship between the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system in the target year and the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system in the baseline year, calculate the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in the target year;

[0024] Based on the monthly nitrogen oxide emissions of the regional waste incineration plant's online monitoring system, combined with the functional relationship between the waste incineration volume of the regional waste incineration plant and the nitrogen oxide emissions of its online monitoring system, and according to the proportional relationship between the nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system in the target year and the nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system in the baseline year, calculate the nitrous oxide emissions of the regional waste incineration plant in the target year;

[0025] The monthly nitrous oxide emissions of the waste treatment emission source in the target year are obtained by adding the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in the target year and the nitrous oxide emissions of the regional waste incineration plant in the target year;

[0026] The total nitrous oxide emissions in the target year are obtained by adding the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of the fuel combustion emission source in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of the industrial production emission source in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of the agricultural activity emission source in the target year, and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of the waste treatment emission source in the target year.

[0027] As an improvement of the above method, calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion in the baseline year, including:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, are the nitrous oxide emissions caused by the combustion of coal, oil products, and natural gas by all departments in region i in the baseline year; are the consumption of coal, oil products, and natural gas by department s in region i in the baseline year; EF coal ,EF oil ,EF gas are the nitrous oxide emission factors corresponding to the combustion of coal, oil products, and natural gas respectively; is the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion in region i in the baseline year.

[0030] As an improvement of the above method, calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production in the baseline year, including:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions from the industrial sector in region i in the baseline year; The product output of enterprise j in region i in the base year under different production technologies t for each industry; The nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production of enterprise j in region i in the base year under different production technologies t for each industry.

[0033] As an improvement to the above method, calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities in the base year, including:

[0034] Calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and poultry manure in the base year:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, The nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and poultry manure in region i in the base year; The registered capital of enterprise j for livestock and poultry species t in the base year; The comprehensive registered capital of enterprise j for livestock and poultry species t in a certain region in the base year; The weight coefficient of the registered capital of enterprise j for livestock and poultry species t in the base year; AC t The year-end inventory of livestock and poultry species t in a certain region; The year-end inventory of enterprise j for livestock and poultry species t in the base year; EF t The nitrous oxide emission factor of manure for livestock and poultry species t;

[0037] Calculate the nitrous oxide emissions caused by manure fertilization in agricultural activities in the base year:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, The nitrous oxide emissions caused by manure fertilization in region i in the base year; The annual excretion coefficient of enterprise j for livestock and poultry species t; The average nitrogen content rate of excreta for livestock and poultry species t; LR is the nitrogen loss rate caused by leaching, runoff and volatilization.

[0040] Calculate the nitrous oxide emissions caused by human fecal excreta in rural areas in the base year:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, The nitrous oxide emissions caused by human fecal excreta in region i in the base year; P i The rural population quantity in region i; M p The annual excretion coefficient of rural population; The average nitrogen content rate of human excreta.

[0043] Nitrous oxide emissions caused by chemical fertilizer application in the base year for accounting:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by chemical fertilizer application in region i in the base year; F n is the application amount of n chemical fertilizer types; C n is the nitrogen content of n chemical fertilizer types; EF f is the nitrous oxide emission factor of chemical fertilizer; n is the chemical fertilizer type;

[0046] Accounting for nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the base year:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric nitrogen deposition in region i in the base year; S is the atmospheric nitrogen deposition coefficient; EF s is the nitrous oxide emission factor caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition;

[0049] Accounting for nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and leaching runoff in the base year;

[0050]

[0051] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching runoff in region i in the base year; L is the nitrogen leaching coefficient; EF l is the nitrous oxide emission factor caused by leaching runoff.

[0052] As an improvement of the above method, accounting for nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment in the base year, including:

[0053] Accounting for nitrous oxide emissions from sewage treatment in the base year:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions from sewage treatment in region i in the base year; is the annual wastewater treatment volume of enterprise j; EF i,k is the nitrous oxide emission factor of enterprise j under different production processes or production technologies k;

[0056]

[0057] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions from the waste incineration plant in region i in the base year; is the annual waste incineration volume of enterprise j.

[0058] As an improvement of the above method, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion sources in the target year, including:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by fuel combustion in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the energy consumption of the k-th energy type in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; δ k is the standard coal conversion coefficient of the k-th energy type; is the energy consumption of the k-th energy type in the m-th month of the i-th region in the base year.

[0061] As an improvement of the above method, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production sources in the target year, including:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by industrial production sources in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the nitrogen oxide emissions from the on-line monitoring system in the s-th department in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the adipic acid or nitric acid product output in the s-th department in the m-th month of the i-th region in the base year; is the monthly nitrous oxide emission coefficient matrix of industrial production sources in each region:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, product i,s is the adipic acid or nitric acid product output of the s-th department in the i-th region; is the nitrous oxide emissions of the industrial sector in the i-th region in the base year.

[0066] As an improvement of the above method, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig breeds in the target year, including:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, is the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig breeds in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig breeds in the i-th region in the base year; is the year-end inventory of pig breeds in the m-th month of the i-th region in the base year; is the year-end inventory of pig breeds in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, is the year - end inventory of pig breeds in month m of region i in 2019; is the year - end inventory of pig breeds in the q - quarter corresponding to month m of region i in 2019; is the year - end inventory of pig breeds in the q - quarter corresponding to month m of region i in the target year;

[0071] Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, egg - laying poultry, and equines in each region of the target year, including:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, egg - laying poultry, and equines in month m of region i in the target year; is the nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry species a of enterprise j in the base year; is the feed production of livestock and poultry species a in month m of the target year; is the feed production of livestock and poultry species a in month m of the base year.

[0074] As an improvement of the above - mentioned method, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from manure nitrogen input in each region of the target year, including:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, is the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural manure application in month m of region i in the target year; is the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by livestock manure nitrogen input in month m of region i in the target year:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, C n is the average nitrogen content of manure; CF a is the nitrous oxide emission conversion coefficient; is the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure fertilization in month m of region i in the target year; is the nitrous oxide emissions in month m caused by excreta of urban and rural populations in region i in the target year:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions in month m caused by excreta of urban and rural populations in region i in the base year; is the monthly index of rural consumer prices for residential consumption in month m of the target year; is the monthly index of the consumer price of rural residents in the residential category for month m of the base year;

[0081] Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in each region in the target year, including:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in region i and month m of the target year; is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by chemical fertilizer application in region i of the base year; represents the total amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers used in agriculture in region i and month m of the target year; represents the total amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers used in agriculture in region i and month m of the base year;

[0084] Account for the monthly indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region in the target year, including:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in region i and month m of the target year; C d is the atmospheric nitrogen deposition parameter; CF d is the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition;

[0087] Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching runoff in each region in the target year, including:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching runoff in region i and month m of the target year; C l is the leaching runoff nitrogen input parameter; CF l is the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of leaching runoff.

[0090] As an improvement to the above method, account for the nitrous oxide emissions of sewage treatment plants in the target year, including:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in region i and month m of the target year; is the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant of enterprise j in region i and month m of the target year; is the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant of enterprise j in region i and month m of the base year; Nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment in region i in the base year;

[0093] Account for nitrous oxide emissions from waste incineration plants in the region in the target year, including:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions from the waste incineration plant in region i in month m of the target year; is the nitrogen oxide emissions from the on-line monitoring system of the waste incineration plant of enterprise j in region i in month m of the target year; is the nitrogen oxide emissions from the on-line monitoring system of the waste incineration plant of enterprise j in region i in month m of the base year; is the nitrous oxide emissions from the waste incineration plant in region i in the base year.

[0096] As an improvement of the above method, it further includes:

[0097] Conduct data quality control on the accounted nitrous oxide emissions, including:

[0098] Data cross-validation: By cross-checking the basic data of energy consumption, product output, end-of-period inventory, and fertilizer application volume in the target year item by item with the corresponding statistical items in the environmental statistics yearbook, energy balance sheet, rural statistics yearbook, and urban statistics yearbook at the provincial administrative unit and national levels respectively, ensure the consistency of the data source with the official statistical system; conduct a historical trend consistency test, construct a time series data set for the energy consumption, product output, end-of-period inventory, and fertilizer application volume involved in each emission source, and use the moving average method and regression analysis method for trend line fitting to verify the statistical significance of the target year data and the historical evolution law;

[0099] Uncertainty analysis: Establish a three-level verification system. The first level is to calculate the absolute error and relative error range by comparing the accounting results with the nitrous oxide emissions in the national greenhouse gas inventory to determine the baseline deviation rate; the second level is to select existing research results with regional representativeness for horizontal comparison, and conduct a difference analysis of emission intensity and spatial distribution characteristics by establishing a literature database; the third level is to use Monte Carlo simulation technology to model the probability distribution of monthly emissions, determine the confidence interval of key input variables based on parameter sensitivity analysis, and finally quantify the uncertainty of fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment at the monthly scale through variance decomposition method to form an error transfer evaluation model covering the entire spatio-temporal dimension.

[0100] This application also provides a multi-sector nitrous oxide emissions accounting system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, which is implemented based on the above method. The system includes:

[0101] The nitrous oxide emission module for the base year is used to calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the base year;

[0102] The nitrous oxide emission module for the target year is used to calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources, industrial production emission sources, agricultural activity emission sources, and waste treatment emission sources in the target year, and sum them up to obtain the nitrous oxide emissions in the target year.

[0103] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are as follows:

[0104] Based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, the present invention adopts an inventory accounting method combining bottom-up and top-down, constructs a production-emission function relationship coupled with multiple indicators such as energy product output - livestock feed production - pure fertilizer quantity - online monitoring emissions, and proposes a multi-sector nitrous oxide emission calculation method and system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data to dynamically update the nitrous oxide emissions at a fine spatio-temporal scale for multiple sectors. This method not only unifies the accounting boundaries of existing emission accounting methods, but also improves the refinement level of accounting to a more refined spatial scale. At the same time, it also solves the problems existing in traditional accounting methods, such as lagging statistical data, inconsistent accounting boundaries, and macroscopic overall accounting scope, and provides decision-making support for formulating accurate nitrous oxide emission reduction measures and policies for each region and department with high timeliness. The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0105] 1) The emission sources explored by this method are not limited to a single emission source, but cover all-emission sources in four sectors: fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment. The accounting methods for the emission sources in these four sectors are consistent, the accounting boundaries are clear and definite, and the accounting results are accumulative and comparable.

[0106] 2) This method does not rely on traditional national statistical data, and uses publicly available monthly indicator data of energy product output - livestock feed production - pure fertilizer quantity - online monitoring emissions by sector to solve the defects of unavailable, lagging, and missing data in the past.

[0107] 3) This method breaks through the practical limitation that the accounting results of existing methods only stay at the national overall and annual levels and cannot be accurately quantified to a more detailed spatio-temporal scale, and details the nitrous oxide emissions from the national level to the monthly scale of different emission sources at the regional level, fully revealing the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of emissions from different emission sources at the regional level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0108] Figure 1 The block diagram of the multi-sector nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0109] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0110] Based on multi-source heterogeneous big data such as the China High Spatial Resolution Emission Grid Database (CHRED), urban statistical yearbooks, energy statistical yearbooks, carbon emission verification data, environmental statistical yearbooks, industry association statistical reports, agricultural statistical yearbooks, enterprise registration and industrial and commercial databases, and Wind databases, the present invention constructs a production-emission function relationship coupled with multiple indicators such as energy product output - livestock feed production - nitrogen content of chemical fertilizers in terms of pure nitrogen - on-line monitored emissions, and proposes a multi-sector nitrous oxide emission accounting method and system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data to dynamically update the nitrous oxide emissions at a fine spatio-temporal scale for multiple sectors, with the accounting timeliness lagging only half a month. On the premise of ensuring data reliability, cross-checks of energy consumption, product output, ending inventory, and chemical fertilizer application amount are carried out with environmental statistical yearbooks, energy balance sheets, rural statistical yearbooks, and urban statistical yearbooks at the provincial and national levels as constraints and data verification. The Monte Carlo method is used to analyze the cumulative uncertainty caused by the uncertainty of each link in the accounting process, and the error of the nitrous oxide emission accounting results by region, sector, and month is controlled within 3%.

[0111] Based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, the present invention adopts an inventory accounting method combining bottom-up and top-down, and constructs a production-emission function relationship coupled with multiple indicators such as energy product output - livestock feed production - nitrogen content of chemical fertilizers in terms of pure nitrogen - on-line monitored emissions to dynamically update the nitrous oxide emissions at a fine spatio-temporal scale for multiple sectors.

[0112] As Figure 1 shown, the multi-sector nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data provided by the present application includes:

[0113] Step 1: Account for the nitrous oxide emissions in the base year

[0114] Step 1.1: Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion in the base year

[0115] The accounting scope includes nitrous oxide emissions caused by fuel combustion in sectors such as electricity and heat supply, industry, construction, transportation, household, service industry, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery. The fuel types here include coal, oil products, and natural gas. Based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, the consumption of coal, oil products, and natural gas in each region (regions represent cities, provinces, or national regions, etc.) and each sector in the base year is respectively counted, and the nitrous oxide emissions of different fuel types by region and sector are accounted for by integrating the emission factors recommended in national and provincial emission accounting guidelines and the emission factors in existing literature:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, are the nitrous oxide emissions caused by coal, oil products, and natural gas fuel combustion in all departments in region i in the base year; are the consumption amounts of coal, oil products, and natural gas fuel in department s in region i in the base year. EF coal , EF oil , EF gas are the nitrous oxide emission factors corresponding to coal, oil products, and natural gas fuel combustion respectively. is the nitrous oxide emission caused by fuel combustion in region i in the base year.

[0118] Step 1.2: Calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production in the base year

[0119] The calculation scope includes the nitrous oxide emissions caused during the production processes of industrial adipic acid and nitric acid, rather than those caused by fuel combustion. Through carbon emission accounting verification data, statistical reports of industry associations, and the Wind database, the production data of nitric acid and adipic acid products of each enterprise in the base year are respectively counted. Combining the nitrous oxide emission factors recommended by national and provincial emission accounting guidelines and the emission factors in existing literature, the nitrous oxide emissions under different product types at the enterprise level are calculated, and based on the basic information of the enterprises, they are summarized and added at the regional level:

[0120]

[0121] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission from the industrial sector in region i in the base year. is the product output of enterprise j in region i under different production technologies t in each industry in the base year. is the nitrous oxide emission factor of enterprise j in region i under different production technologies t in each industry in the base year.

[0122] Step 1.3: Calculate the nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities in the base year

[0123] The calculation scope of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities includes emissions from livestock and poultry manure management and emissions during agricultural land fertilization.

[0124] For emissions from livestock and poultry manure management, based on the registered capital information of enterprises in the enterprise registration and industrial and commercial database, combined with the annual livestock and poultry inventory in the agricultural statistical yearbook data, using the registered capital of each enterprise as the weight, the annual inventory of each enterprise is calculated. Considering factors such as livestock and poultry species, breeding methods, and livestock and poultry weights, based on the theoretical manure excretion amounts of different livestock and poultry species, combined with the emission factors recommended by national and provincial emission accounting guidelines and the emission factors in existing literature, the nitrous oxide emissions caused by the manure excretion of different livestock and poultry species are calculated, and based on the enterprise information, they are summarized and added at the regional level:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission from livestock and poultry manure in region i in the base year; F j t is the registered capital of enterprise j's livestock and poultry species t in the base year; is the comprehensive registered capital of enterprise j's livestock and poultry species t in a certain region in the base year; is the weight coefficient of the registered capital of enterprise j's livestock and poultry species t in the base year; AC t is the year-end inventory of livestock and poultry species t in a certain region; is the year-end inventory of enterprise j's livestock and poultry species t in the base year; EF t is the nitrous oxide emission factor of manure from livestock and poultry species t.

[0127] The nitrous oxide emissions caused by fertilization of agricultural land include direct emissions and indirect emissions. Direct emissions are the nitrous oxide emissions caused by the nitrogen input in the current season of agricultural land. Indirect emissions include nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen leaching and runoff losses. Among them, direct emissions include manure nitrogen input, nitrogen fertilizer, and compound fertilizer nitrogen input. The nitrous oxide emissions caused by manure application are calculated based on the annual livestock and poultry inventory of each enterprise, as well as the parameters of rural population, fecal excretion nitrogen amount, and nitrous oxide emission coefficient. The nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application are calculated by calculating the nitrogen content input to agricultural land based on the fertilization amount in each region and combining the nitrous oxide emission coefficient.

[0128] The direct emissions caused by fertilization of agricultural land are the sum of the nitrous oxide emissions caused by manure application, nitrogen fertilizer, and compound fertilizer application, and are summarized at the regional level:

[0129]

[0130] Among them, are respectively the direct emissions of agricultural land fertilization in region i in the base year and the nitrous oxide emissions caused by livestock and poultry manure fertilization, human excreta, and chemical fertilizer application. is the annual excretion coefficient of enterprise j's livestock and poultry species t. is the average nitrogen content rate of the excreta of livestock and poultry species t. P i is the rural population quantity in region i. M p is the excretion coefficient of rural population. is the average nitrogen content rate of human excreta. F n is the application amount of different fertilizer types n, C n is the nitrogen content of different fertilizer types n, EF f is the nitrous oxide emission coefficient of chemical fertilizer, and n is the fertilizer type. LR is the nitrogen loss rate caused by leaching, runoff, and volatilization.

[0131] The indirect N2O emissions from agricultural land include the indirect N2O emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and the indirect emissions caused by leaching and runoff. Among them, the indirect emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition are calculated comprehensively based on the application rates of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers, nitrogen emissions from manure management, and the N2O emission factors caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The indirect emissions caused by leaching and runoff are calculated comprehensively based on the application rates of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers, nitrogen emissions from manure management, and the N2O emission factors caused by leaching and runoff. The indirect N2O emissions from agricultural land are the sum of the indirect emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and the indirect emissions caused by leaching and runoff, and are aggregated at the regional level:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, is the indirect emission of agricultural land fertilization in region i in the base year. are the N2O emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and leaching and runoff in region i in the base year, respectively. S and L are the atmospheric nitrogen deposition coefficient and nitrogen leaching coefficient. EF s , EF l are the N2O emission factors caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and leaching and runoff, respectively.

[0134] It should be noted that the breeding method mainly refers to the large-scale breeding method, and the emissions caused by individual household breeding are not considered for the time being.

[0135] Step 1.4: Calculate the N2O emissions from waste treatment in the base year

[0136] The calculation scope includes the N2O emissions during sewage treatment and waste incineration. The sewage treatment volume and waste incineration volume of each region in the base year are respectively counted through the China High Spatial Resolution Emission Grid Database (CHRED) and the online monitoring system of waste incineration plants. Combining the emission factors recommended by national and provincial emission calculation guidelines and the emission factors in existing literature, the N2O emissions of sewage treatment plants and waste incineration plants in each region are calculated, and aggregated at the regional level according to the basic information of enterprises:

[0137]

[0138] Among them, are the total N2O emissions from waste treatment and the N2O emissions from sewage treatment and waste incineration methods in region i in the base year, respectively. are the annual sewage treatment volume and annual waste incineration volume of enterprise j, respectively. EF i,k is the N2O emission factor of enterprise j under different production processes or production technologies k.

[0139] It should be noted that the enterprise information collected through the China High Spatial Resolution Emission Grid Database (CHRED) and the online monitoring system of waste incineration plants specifically includes, but is not limited to, enterprise name, production capacity, longitude and latitude, geographical location, product output, commissioning time, treatment scale, production status, etc.

[0140] Step 1.4: Calculate the nitrous oxide emissions of multiple sectors in each region in the base year:

[0141]

[0142] Among them, is the total nitrous oxide emissions caused by fuel combustion, industrial production, indirect emissions from agricultural activities, direct emissions from agricultural activities, animal manure management, and waste treatment in region i in the base year.

[0143] Step 2: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions for the target year and month

[0144] Step 2.1: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion in the target year

[0145] According to the coal, oil products, and natural gas consumption of the power and heating, industrial, construction, transportation, residential, service, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery sectors in each region in the base year and the target year, uniformly convert it into the total regional energy consumption. Combining the proportional relationship between the monthly energy consumption data of each region in the target year and the monthly energy consumption data in the base year, quickly calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion sources in each region in the target year:

[0146]

[0147] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by fuel combustion in region i in month m of the target year. is the energy consumption of energy type k in region i in month m of the target year. δ k is the standard coal conversion coefficient of energy type k. is the energy consumption of energy type k in region i in month m of the base year.

[0148] Step 2.2: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production in the target year

[0149] Based on the statistical data of the adipic acid and nitric acid production industry associations and carbon verification in each region, establish a functional relationship between the product output of adipic acid and nitric acid enterprises and the nitrogen oxide emissions of the corresponding online monitoring system to verify the internal relationship between the product output of adipic acid and nitric acid production enterprises and the emission data of the online monitoring system.

[0150]

[0151] Among them, plantj,s For enterprise j in department s, department s includes adipic acid and nitric acid production departments respectively; It is the functional relationship between the product output of enterprise j in department s and the emissions of nitrogen oxides in the on-line monitoring system; product j,s It is the output of adipic acid or nitric acid products of enterprise j in department s; It is the emissions of nitrogen oxides in the on-line monitoring system of enterprise j in department s.

[0152] According to the adipic acid and nitric acid product output data of each region in the base year, combined with the nitrous oxide emissions of each region in the base year, calculate the nitrous oxide emission coefficient matrix of industrial production emission sources in each region. And according to the functional relationship between the product output of adipic acid and nitric acid production enterprises and the nitrogen oxide emission data of the on-line monitoring system, combined with the proportion of monthly nitrogen oxide emissions, further calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emission coefficient matrix of industrial production emission sources in each region:

[0153]

[0154] Among them, It is the monthly nitrous oxide emission coefficient matrix of industrial production emission sources in each region. product i,s It is the output of adipic acid or nitric acid products of department s in region i; It is the output of adipic acid or nitric acid products of department s in region i in month m of the base year.

[0155] Based on the above nitrous oxide emission coefficient matrices of each region, combined with the functional relationship between the product output of adipic acid and nitric acid production enterprises and the nitrogen oxide emission data of the on-line monitoring system, and according to the change of monthly nitrogen oxide emissions in the on-line monitoring, quickly calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of industrial production emission sources in each region of the target year.

[0156]

[0157] Among them, It is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by industrial production emission sources in region i in month m of the target year. It is the emissions of nitrogen oxides in the on-line monitoring system of department s in region i in month m of the target year.

[0158] Step 2.3: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities in the target year

[0159] Step 2.3.1: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and poultry manure management in the target year

[0160] Pig species: Based on the monthly hog inventory numbers announced by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, after 2019, they are announced quarterly, but before 2019, they were announced monthly in full. Assuming that the structure of the monthly hog inventory numbers in 2019 remains unchanged, based on this ratio, combined with the hog inventory numbers in the base year and quarterly inventory numbers, the monthly inventory numbers are split to obtain the monthly hog inventory numbers in the target year, and further normalized to obtain the monthly inventory matrix of pig species:

[0161]

[0162] Among them, is the year - end inventory number of pig species in region i and month m in 2019; is the year - end inventory number of pig species in the q - quarter corresponding to month m in region i in 2019; is the year - end inventory number of pig species in the q - quarter corresponding to month m in region i in the target year;

[0163] Combined with the quantitative relationship between the monthly inventory numbers of pig species in the target year and the monthly inventory numbers of pig species in the base year, quickly calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig species in the target year:

[0164]

[0165] Among them, is the monthly nitrous oxide emission of pig species in region i and month m in the target year. is the monthly nitrous oxide emission of pig species in region i in the base year.

[0166] Species of ruminants (cattle, sheep, camels), egg - laying poultry (chickens, ducks, geese), equines (horses, donkeys, mules): Based on the ruminant feed, egg - laying poultry feed, and other animal feed production data announced by the Wind database, respectively establish the functional relationships between the annual ruminant, egg - laying poultry, and other animal feed production and the total inventory numbers of ruminants, egg - laying poultry, and other animals, and verify the internal relationship between the ruminant, egg - laying poultry, and other animal feed production and the total inventory numbers of ruminants, egg - laying poultry, and other animals:

[0167]

[0168] Among them, rl a is ruminants (cattle, sheep, camels), egg - laying poultry (chickens, ducks, geese), equines (horses, donkeys, mules). g(forage_yield a ,quantity a ) is the functional relationship between the ruminant, egg - laying poultry, and equine feed production and the total inventory numbers of ruminants, egg - laying poultry, and other animals. Σforage_yield a is the total feed production of a certain type of animal, ∑quantity aIt is the total inventory of animal type a.

[0169] Combined with the functional relationship between the feed production of ruminants (cattle, sheep, camels), egg-laying poultry (chickens, ducks, geese), and equines (horses, donkeys, mules) and their total year-end inventory, quickly calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, egg-laying poultry, and equines in each region in the target year:

[0170]

[0171] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission in the m-th month of region i in the target year. is the nitrous oxide emission of livestock and poultry species a of enterprise j in the base year. is the feed production of livestock and poultry species a in the m-th month of the target year. is the feed production of livestock and poultry species a in the m-th month of the base year.

[0172] The monthly nitrous oxide emission of livestock and poultry manure management in region i in the target year is the sum of the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pigs, ruminants (cattle, sheep, camels), egg-laying poultry (chickens, ducks, geese), and equines (horses, donkeys, mules) in the above target year:

[0173]

[0174] In the formula, is the monthly nitrous oxide emission of livestock and poultry manure management in the m-th month of region i in the target year.

[0175] Step 2.3.2: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emission of agricultural land fertilization in the target year

[0176] The monthly nitrous oxide emission of agricultural land fertilization includes direct emissions and indirect emissions. Among them, direct emissions include manure nitrogen input, nitrogen fertilizer, and compound fertilizer nitrogen input; indirect emissions include indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching and runoff.

[0177] Manure nitrogen input:

[0178] Based on the above-mentioned monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure management in the future year, combined with the manure nitrogen element content and the nitrous oxide emission conversion coefficient, calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure in agricultural land in each region:

[0179]

[0180] Among them, C n is the manure nitrogen element content, and CF a is the nitrous oxide emission conversion coefficient. is the monthly nitrous oxide emission of livestock and poultry manure fertilization in the m-th month of region i in the target year. is the monthly nitrous oxide emission from the application of agricultural manure in region i in month m of the target year;

[0181] Another part of the manure nitrogen input comes from the excreted nitrogen input of rural population. There is a functional relationship between the excreted amount of rural population and the consumption capacity of rural population, where the consumption capacity of rural population is usually reflected by the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing. Combining the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing, a functional relationship between the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing and the excreted nitrogen amount of rural population is established:

[0182]

[0183] where index i is the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing. is the excreted amount of rural population. is the functional relationship between the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing and the excreted nitrogen amount of rural population

[0184] According to the functional relationship between the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing and the excreted nitrogen amount of rural population, quickly calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by the excretions of rural population in agricultural land of each region in the target year:

[0185]

[0186] where is the nitrous oxide emission in month m caused by the excretions of urban and rural population in region i in the target year. is the nitrous oxide emission in month m caused by the excretions of urban and rural population in region i in the base year; is the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing in month m of the target year, is the monthly index of consumer prices of rural residents for housing in month m of the base year.

[0187] The nitrous oxide emission from agricultural manure in region i in month m is equal to the sum of the nitrous oxide emission from livestock and poultry manure in agricultural land in region i in month m and the monthly nitrous oxide emission from the excretions of rural population in region i in month m.

[0188]

[0189] where is the nitrous oxide emission caused by the application of agricultural manure in agricultural land in region i in month m of the target year.

[0190] Nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen input of compound fertilizer:

[0191] Based on the pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers announced by the Wind database, establish the functional relationship between the pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the total output of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers, and verify the internal correlation between the pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the total output of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers:

[0192]

[0193] Among them, g(pure i,l ,product i,l ) is the functional relationship between the pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the total output of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers in region i. ∑pure i,l is the total pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in region i, and ∑product i,l is the total output of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers in region i.

[0194] Based on the functional relationship between the pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the total output of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers, combined with the monthly pure volume data of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers announced by the Wind database, and according to the proportional relationship between the monthly pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the base year and the monthly pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the target year, quickly calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by the application of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers in each region of the target year:

[0195]

[0196] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by the application of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers in region i in month m of the target year; is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by the application of chemical fertilizers in region i in the base year; represents the total pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in region i in month m of the target year; represents the total pure volume of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in region i in month m of the base year;

[0197] The direct nitrous oxide emissions generated by the application of chemical fertilizers in agricultural land in region i in month m are equal to the sum of the nitrous oxide emissions generated by manure in agricultural land in region i in month m and the nitrous oxide emissions generated by nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers in agricultural land in region i in month m.

[0198]

[0199] Quick calculation of monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition:

[0200] Based on the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural land fertilization in each region of the target year above, combined with the atmospheric nitrogen deposition parameters and the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, quickly calculate the indirect monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region:

[0201]

[0202] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year. C d is the atmospheric nitrogen deposition parameter, CF d is the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

[0203] Quick calculation of monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching runoff:

[0204] The monthly change in the pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers is used to reflect the dynamic changes in monthly nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer applications. According to the proportional relationship between the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in each region of the target year and that in each region of the base year, combined with the nitrogen input parameter of leaching runoff and the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of leaching runoff, quickly calculate the indirect monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region:

[0205]

[0206] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by leaching runoff in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year. C l is the nitrogen input parameter of leaching runoff, CF l is the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of leaching runoff.

[0207] The nitrous oxide emission in the m-th month of the agricultural activity sector in the i-th region is the sum of the above-mentioned emissions from livestock and poultry manure management, agricultural land manure emissions, agricultural land chemical fertilizer application emissions, atmospheric nitrogen deposition emissions, and leaching runoff emissions in the m-th month of the i-th region:

[0208]

[0209] Step 2.4: Calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment in the target year

[0210] Currently, on-line monitoring systems have been installed in regional sewage treatment plants, which can accurately master the sewage treatment discharge status of enterprises on a daily and monthly basis. Based on the on-line monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant, establish the functional relationship between the sewage treatment volume of each regional sewage treatment plant and the total nitrogen emissions of its on-line monitoring system, and then verify the internal relationship existing between the sewage treatment volume and the total nitrogen emissions:

[0211]

[0212] Among them, wastewater i,k is the w sewage treatment plant in the i-th region. is the functional relationship between the sewage treatment volume of the w sewage treatment plant in the i-th region and the total nitrogen emissions of the corresponding enterprise's on-line monitoring system. treatment i,wis the sewage treatment volume of the sewage treatment plant in region i and city w. is the total nitrogen emission of the online monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant in region i and city w.

[0213] Currently, an online monitoring system has been installed in the waste incineration plant, which can accurately grasp the emission status of the enterprise's daily and monthly waste incineration treatment. Based on the online monitoring system of the waste incineration plant, a functional relationship is established between the waste incineration volume of the waste incineration plants in each region and the nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system, in order to verify the internal relationship between the waste incineration volume of the waste incineration plant and the emission data of the online monitoring system.

[0214]

[0215] Among them, incineration i,g is the waste incineration plant in region i and city g. is the functional relationship between the waste incineration volume of the waste incineration plant in region i and city g and the corresponding nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system. amount i,g is the waste incineration volume of the waste incineration plant in region i and city g, is the nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system of the waste incineration plant in region i and city g.

[0216] Based on the monthly total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of the regional sewage treatment plant, combined with the functional relationship between the sewage treatment volume of the regional sewage treatment plant and its total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system, according to the proportional relationship between the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of enterprise j in month m of region i in the target year and the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of enterprise j in month m of region i in the base year, quickly calculate the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in region i in month m of the target year:

[0217]

[0218] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in region i in month m of the target year. is the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant of enterprise j in month m of region i in the target year. is the total nitrogen emissions of the online monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant of enterprise j in month m of region i in the base year.

[0219] Based on the monthly nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system of the regional waste incineration plant, combined with the functional relationship between the waste incineration volume of the regional waste incineration plant and its nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system, according to the proportional relationship between the nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system of enterprise j in month m of region i in the target year and the nitrogen oxide emissions of the online monitoring system of enterprise j in month m of region i in the base year, quickly calculate the nitrous oxide emissions of the waste incineration plant in region i in month m of the target year:

[0220]

[0221] Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission of the waste incineration plant in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year. is the nitrogen oxide emission of the on-line monitoring system of the waste incineration plant of enterprise j in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year. is the nitrogen oxide emission of the on-line monitoring system of the waste incineration plant of enterprise j in the m-th month of the i-th region in the base year.

[0222] The nitrous oxide emission of the waste treatment department in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year is equal to the sum of the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant and the waste incineration plant in the m-th month of the i-th region:

[0223]

[0224] The nitrous oxide emissions of the four sectors of fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year are equal to the sum of the nitrous oxide emissions of fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the m-th month of the i-th region:

[0225]

[0226] Step 3: Quality control of nitrous oxide emission data

[0227] Based on the rapid accounting of the nitrous oxide emissions in the target year of the region, the present invention provides a systematic method for verifying the accuracy of the regional nitrous oxide emission accounting results, including data cross-verification and uncertainty analysis.

[0228] Data cross-verification: First, implement multi-source data comparison and verification; by cross-checking the basic data of energy consumption, product output, ending inventory, and chemical fertilizer application amount in the target year item by item with the corresponding statistical items in the environmental statistics yearbook, energy balance sheet, rural statistics yearbook, and urban statistics yearbook at the provincial administrative unit and national levels, ensure the consistency of the data source with the official statistical system. At the same time, conduct a historical trend consistency test, construct a time series data set for the energy consumption, product output, ending inventory, and chemical fertilizer application amount involved in each emission source, and use the moving average method and regression analysis method for trend line fitting to verify the statistical significance of the target year data and the historical evolution law.

[0229] Uncertainty analysis: A three-level verification system is established. At the first level, by comparing the total accounting results with the nitrous oxide emissions in the national greenhouse gas inventory, the absolute error and relative error ranges are calculated to determine the benchmark deviation rate. At the second level, existing research results with regional representativeness are selected for horizontal comparison, and the difference analysis of emission intensity and spatial distribution characteristics is implemented by establishing a literature database. At the third level, the Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to model the probability distribution of monthly emissions, and the confidence interval of key input variables is determined based on parameter sensitivity analysis. Finally, the uncertainty of different emission sources such as fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment at the monthly scale is quantified through variance decomposition method, forming an error transfer evaluation model covering the entire spatio-temporal dimension.

[0230] Through the multi-dimensional data cross-verification and uncertainty traceability mechanism, this verification system significantly improves the scientificity and credibility of the monthly nitrous oxide emission accounting results at the regional scale.

[0231] Example 2

[0232] This application also provides a multi-sector nitrous oxide emission accounting system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, which is implemented based on the above method. The system includes:

[0233] A module for accounting the nitrous oxide emissions in the base year, which is used to account for the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the base year;

[0234] A module for accounting the nitrous oxide emissions in the target year, which is used to calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources, industrial production emission sources, agricultural activities emission sources, and waste treatment emission sources in the target year, and sum them up to obtain the nitrous oxide emissions in the target year.

[0235] Based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, the present invention constructs a production-emission function relationship coupled with multiple indicators such as energy product output - livestock feed production - nitrogen content of chemical fertilizers converted into pure nitrogen - on-line monitored emissions, and proposes a multi-sector nitrous oxide emission accounting method and system based on multi-source heterogeneous big data to account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of four sectors: fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment. This method not only unifies the accounting boundaries of existing emission accounting methods, but also improves the refinement level of accounting to the regional level. At the same time, it also solves the problems existing in traditional accounting methods such as lagging statistical data, inconsistent accounting boundaries, and macroscopic overall accounting scope, and provides decision-making support for formulating accurate nitrous oxide emission reduction measures and policies for various regions and departments with high timeliness.

[0236] The present application may also provide a computer device, including: at least one processor, a memory, at least one network interface, and a user interface. Each component in the device is coupled together through a bus system. It can be understood that the bus system is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.

[0237] Among them, the user interface may include a display, a keyboard, or a pointing device. For example, a mouse, a trackball, a touchpad, or a touch screen, etc.

[0238] It can be understood that the memory in the disclosed embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory described herein is intended to include but not be limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0239] In some embodiments, the memory stores the following elements, executable modules, or data structures, or subsets thereof, or extended sets thereof: an operating system and applications.

[0240] Among them, the operating system includes various system programs, such as the framework layer, the core library layer, the driver layer, etc., which are used to implement various basic services and handle hardware-based tasks. The application programs include various application programs, such as Media Player, Browser, etc., which are used to implement various application services. The program for implementing the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be included in the application programs.

[0241] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the program or instruction stored in the memory may also be called. Specifically, it may be the program or instruction stored in the application program. The processor is used for:

[0242] Executing the steps of the above method.

[0243] The above method can be applied to the processor or implemented by the processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor or the instruction in the form of software. The above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the various methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed above. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc. Combining the steps of the above-disclosed method can be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by the combination of the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the art, such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. This storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method.

[0244] It can be understood that these embodiments described in the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or a combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the processing unit can be implemented in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general purpose processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described in the present application, or a combination thereof.

[0245] For software implementation, the techniques of the present application can be implemented by executing the functional modules of the present application (such as procedures, functions, etc.). The software code can be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor.

[0246] The present application can also provide a non-volatile storage medium for storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the various steps in the above method embodiments can be implemented.

[0247] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present application does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for accounting the nitrous oxide emissions of multiple departments based on multi-source heterogeneous big data, comprising: Accounting the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the base year; Accounting the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of fuel combustion emission sources in the target year: According to the energy consumption of each department in the base year and target year in each region, convert it into the total energy consumption, and combine with the proportional relationship of monthly energy consumption data to account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of fuel combustion emission sources in the target year; Accounting the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of industrial production emission sources in the target year: Based on the nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production in each region in the base year, establish an emission factor matrix. According to the functional relationship between the product output of adipic acid and nitric acid production enterprises and the nitrogen oxide emission data of the on-line monitoring system, and based on the change of the monthly on-line monitored nitrogen oxide emissions, account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of industrial production emission sources in the target year; Accounting the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of agricultural activity emission sources in the target year: Based on the number of live pigs in stock, account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig species in the target year; combine the functional relationship between the feed production of ruminants, laying poultry, and equines and their total year-end inventory quantity to account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, laying poultry, and equines in each region in the target year; the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure management in the target year are obtained by summing the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig species in the target year and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, laying poultry, and equines in each region in the target year; Based on the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure management in the target year, combine the nitrogen element content of manure and the nitrous oxide emission conversion coefficient to account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure of various types in agricultural land in each region in the target year; according to the functional relationship between the monthly consumer price index of rural residents in residential areas and the nitrogen content of rural population excreta, account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by rural population excreta in agricultural land in each region in the target year; the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by the input of manure nitrogen in each region in the target year are obtained by summing the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of livestock and poultry manure of various types in agricultural land in each region in the target year and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by rural population excreta in agricultural land in each region in the target year; Based on the functional relationship between the pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the total output of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers, combine the monthly data of the pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and based on the proportional relationship between the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the base year and the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the target year, account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by the application of nitrogen fertilizers and compound fertilizers in each region in the target year; Based on the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fertilization in agricultural land in each region in the target year, combine the atmospheric nitrogen deposition parameters and the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to account the monthly indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region in the target year; According to the proportional relationship between the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in each region in the target year and the monthly pure amount of agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in each region in the base year, combine the nitrogen input parameters of leaching and runoff and the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of leaching and runoff to account the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching and runoff in each region in the target year; The monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activity emission sources in the target year are obtained by summing up the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and poultry manure management in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from manure nitrogen input in each region in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in each region in the target year, the monthly indirect nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region in the target year, and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching runoff in each region in the target year; Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment emission sources in the target year: Based on the monthly total nitrogen emissions of the regional sewage treatment plant's online monitoring system, combined with the functional relationship between the sewage treatment volume of the regional sewage treatment plant and its online monitoring system's total nitrogen emissions, and according to the proportional relationship between the online monitoring system's total nitrogen emissions in the target year and the online monitoring system's total nitrogen emissions in the baseline year, account for the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in the target year; Based on the monthly nitrogen oxide emissions of the regional waste incineration plant's online monitoring system, combined with the functional relationship between the waste incineration volume of the regional waste incineration plant and its online monitoring system's nitrogen oxide emissions, and according to the proportional relationship between the online monitoring system's nitrogen oxide emissions in the target year and the online monitoring system's nitrogen oxide emissions in the baseline year, account for the nitrous oxide emissions of the regional waste incineration plant in the target year; The monthly nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment emission sources in the target year are obtained by summing up the nitrous oxide emissions of the sewage treatment plant in the target year and the nitrous oxide emissions of the regional waste incineration plant in the target year; The total nitrous oxide emissions in the target year are obtained by summing up the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production emission sources in the target year, the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activity emission sources in the target year, and the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment emission sources in the target year.

2. The multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein, Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion in the baseline year, including: Among them, are respectively the nitrous oxide emissions caused by coal, oil products, and natural gas fuel combustion in all departments in region i in the base year; are respectively the consumption amounts of coal, oil products, and natural gas fuel in department s in region i in the base year; EF coal , EF oil , EF gas are respectively the nitrous oxide emission factors corresponding to coal, oil products, and natural gas fuel combustion; is the nitrous oxide emission from fuel combustion in region i in the base year.

3. The multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, characterized in that Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production in the baseline year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions of the industrial sector in region i in the base year; is the product output of enterprise j in region i in the base year under different production technologies t for each industry; is the nitrous oxide emissions of industrial production in enterprise j in region i in the base year under different production technologies t for each industry.

4. The multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein, Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities in the baseline year, including: Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure in the baseline year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission from livestock and poultry manure in region i in the base year; F j t is the registered capital of livestock and poultry species t of enterprise j in the base year; is the comprehensive registered capital of livestock and poultry species t of enterprise j in a certain region in the base year; is the weight coefficient of the registered capital of livestock and poultry species t of enterprise j in the base year; AC t is the year-end inventory of livestock and poultry species t in a certain region; is the year-end inventory of livestock and poultry species t of enterprise j in the base year; EF t is the nitrous oxide emission factor of manure of livestock and poultry species t; Account for the nitrous oxide emissions caused by manure application in agricultural activities in the baseline year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by livestock and poultry manure fertilization in region i in the base year; is the annual excretion coefficient of livestock and poultry species t of enterprise j; is the average nitrogen content rate of the excreta of livestock and poultry species t; LR is the nitrogen loss rate caused by leaching, runoff and volatilization; Account for the nitrous oxide emissions caused by fecal excretions of rural population in the baseline year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by human fecal excreta in region i in the base year; P i is the rural population in region i; M p is the annual excretion coefficient of the rural population; is the average nitrogen content rate of human excreta; Account for the nitrous oxide emissions caused by chemical fertilizer application in the baseline year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by chemical fertilizer application in region i in the base year; F n is the application rate of n chemical fertilizer types; C n is the nitrogen content of n chemical fertilizer types; EF f is the chemical fertilizer nitrous oxide emission factor; n is the chemical fertilizer type; Account for the nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the baseline year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission from atmospheric nitrogen deposition in region i in the base year; S is the atmospheric nitrogen deposition coefficient; EF s is the nitrous oxide emission factor caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition; Account for the nitrous oxide emissions caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition and leaching runoff in the baseline year; Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by leaching runoff in region i in the base year; L is the nitrogen leaching coefficient; EF l is the nitrous oxide emission factor caused by leaching runoff.

5. The multi-department nitrous oxide emissions accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from waste treatment in the baseline year, including: Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from sewage treatment in the baseline year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission from sewage treatment in region i in the base year; is the annual wastewater treatment volume of enterprise j; EF i,k is the nitrous oxide emission factor of enterprise j under different production processes or production technologies k; Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission of the waste incineration plant in region i in the base year; is the annual waste incineration volume of enterprise j.

6. The multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by fuel combustion in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the energy consumption of the k-th energy type in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; δ k is the standard coal conversion coefficient of the k-th energy type; is the energy consumption of the k-th energy type in the m-th month of the i-th region in the base year.

7. The method for calculating the nitrous oxide emissions of multiple departments based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, characterized in that, Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from industrial production emission sources in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emissions caused by industrial production emission sources in region i in month m of the target year; is the nitrogen oxide emissions of the on-line monitoring system in department s in region i in month m of the target year; is the adipic acid or nitric acid product output in department s in region i in month m of the base year; is the monthly nitrous oxide emission coefficient matrix of industrial production emission sources in each region: Among them, product i,s is the production volume of adipic acid or nitric acid products in department s of region i; is the nitrous oxide emission of the industrial sector in region i in the base year.

8. The multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of pig species in the target year, including: Among them, is the monthly nitrous oxide emission of pig species in region i in month m of the target year; is the monthly nitrous oxide emission of pig species in region i in the base year; is the year-end inventory of pig species in region i in month m of the base year; is the year-end inventory of pig species in region i in month m of the target year: Among them, is the year-end inventory of pig breeds in region i in month m of 2019; is the year-end inventory of pig breeds in quarter q corresponding to month m of region i in 2019; is the year-end inventory of pig breeds in quarter q corresponding to month m of region i in the target year; Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions of ruminants, laying hens, and equines in each region in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission of ruminants, egg poultry and equines in region i and month m of the target year; is the nitrous oxide emission of livestock and poultry species a of enterprise j in the base year; is the feed production of livestock and poultry species a in month m of the target year; is the feed production of livestock and poultry species a in month m of the base year.

9. The method for calculating the nitrous oxide emissions of multiple departments based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein The monthly nitrous oxide emissions from manure nitrogen input in each region in the target year, including: Among them, is the monthly nitrous oxide emission from the application of agricultural manure in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the monthly nitrous oxide emission caused by the nitrogen input of livestock manure in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year: Among them, C n is the average nitrogen content of manure; CF a is the nitrous oxide emission conversion coefficient; is the monthly nitrous oxide emission from manure fertilization of livestock and poultry breeding in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the nitrous oxide emission in the m-th month caused by the excreta of urban and rural populations in the i-th region in the target year: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission in the m-th month caused by the excreta of urban and rural populations in region i in the base year; is the monthly index of the consumer price of rural residents in the residential category in the m-th month of the target year; is the monthly index of the consumer price of rural residents in the residential category in the m-th month of the base year; Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in each region in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in the m-th month of the target year in region i; is the nitrous oxide emission caused by chemical fertilizer application in region i in the base year; represents the total amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the m-th month of the target year in region i; represents the total amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the m-th month of the base year in region i; Account for the monthly indirect emissions of nitrous oxide caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in each region in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the m-th month of the target year in region i; C d is the atmospheric nitrogen deposition parameter; CF d is the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition; Account for the monthly nitrous oxide emissions caused by leaching runoff in each region in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission caused by leaching runoff in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; C l is the nitrogen input parameter of leaching runoff; CF l is the nitrous oxide conversion coefficient of leaching runoff.

10. The multi - department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi - source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, characterized in that Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from sewage treatment plants in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission of the sewage treatment plant in region i and month m of the target year; is the total nitrogen emission of the on-line monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant of enterprise j in region i and month m of the target year; is the total nitrogen emission of the on-line monitoring system of the sewage treatment plant of enterprise j in region i and month m of the base year; is the nitrous oxide emission of sewage treatment in region i of the base year; Account for the nitrous oxide emissions from regional waste incineration plants in the target year, including: Among them, is the nitrous oxide emission of the waste incineration plant in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the nitrogen oxide emission of the on-line monitoring system of the waste incineration plant of the j-th enterprise in the m-th month of the i-th region in the target year; is the nitrogen oxide emission of the on-line monitoring system of the waste incineration plant of the j-th enterprise in the m-th month of the i-th region in the base year; is the nitrous oxide emission of the waste incineration plant in the i-th region in the base year.

11. The multi-department nitrous oxide emission accounting method based on multi-source heterogeneous big data according to claim 1, wherein, Also include: Conduct data quality control on the accounted nitrous oxide emissions, including: Data cross-verification: By cross-checking the basic data of energy consumption, product output, end-of-period inventory, and fertilizer application volume in the target year item by item with the corresponding statistical items in the Environmental Statistics Yearbook, Energy Balance Sheet, Rural Statistics Yearbook, and Urban Statistics Yearbook at the provincial administrative unit and national levels respectively, ensure the consistency of the data source with the official statistical system; conduct a historical trend consistency test, construct a time series dataset for the energy consumption, product output, end-of-period inventory, and fertilizer application volume involved in each emission source, and use the moving average method and regression analysis method for trend line fitting to verify the statistical significance of the target year data and the historical evolution law; Uncertainty analysis: Establish a three-level verification system. At the first level, compare the total accounted results with the nitrous oxide emissions in the national greenhouse gas inventory, calculate the absolute error and relative error range to determine the baseline deviation rate; at the second level, select existing research results with regional representativeness for horizontal comparison, and conduct a difference analysis of emission intensity and spatial distribution characteristics by establishing a literature database; at the third level, use Monte Carlo simulation technology to model the probability distribution of monthly emissions, determine the confidence interval of key input variables based on parameter sensitivity analysis, and finally quantify the uncertainty of fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment at the monthly scale through variance decomposition method to form an error transfer assessment model covering the entire space-time dimension.

12. A multi - department nitrous oxide emissions accounting system based on multi - source heterogeneous big data, implemented based on the method according to any one of claims 1 - 11, characterized in that, The system includes: A module for accounting for nitrous oxide emissions in the baseline year, which is used to account for the nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial production, agricultural activities, and waste treatment in the baseline year; and A module for accounting for nitrous oxide emissions in the target year, which is used to calculate the monthly nitrous oxide emissions from fuel combustion emission sources, industrial production emission sources, agricultural activities emission sources, and waste treatment emission sources in the target year, and sum them up to obtain the nitrous oxide emissions in the target year.

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