Main and standby power supply switching circuit, ECU power supply system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a main and standby power supply switching circuit, an ECU power supply system and a vehicle, and relates to the field of main and standby power supply switching, and the main and standby power supply switching circuit comprises a main power supply and a standby power supply; the output end of the main power supply is connected with the input end of the DCDC module, the output end of the DCDC module is connected with the anode of the first diode, the output end of the standby power supply is connected with the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected with the input end of the power supply module; the first diode and the second diode have the same specification; when the main power supply is in a normal working state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply; and when the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is reduced to zero from the initial output voltage. According to the invention, automatic switching from the main power supply to the standby power supply can be realized without an additional control switch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of main and standby power supply switching, and particularly to a main and standby power supply switching circuit, an ECU power supply system, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] A main and standby power supply switching circuit is a circuit design used to switch the main power supply (common power supply) to the standby power supply when the main power supply fails or its power supply is insufficient. This circuit ensures that even when the main power supply fails, the system can still continuously obtain power supply, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0003] The main and standby power supply switching systems in the prior art usually adopt relatively complex electronic components and control mechanisms to achieve the switching from the common power supply to the standby power supply. The system relies on a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), a microcontroller, or a programmable logic device, and monitors the power supply status and executes the switching operation through software programming or hardware configuration. In such a design, the status of the common power supply and the standby power supply is monitored in real time. Once it is detected that the common power supply loses power or fails, the system will complete the switching of the main power supply to the standby power supply through the preset logic. However, the circuit design and software logic of the existing main and standby power supply switching circuits are complex and prone to failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a main and standby power supply switching circuit, a TBOX power supply system, and a vehicle, which can achieve the autonomous switching of the main power supply to the standby power supply without an additional control switch, reducing the failure rate.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a main and standby power supply switching circuit, which is used for the in-vehicle terminal ECU system of a vehicle. The main and standby power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a standby power supply;

[0007] The output end of the main power supply is connected to the input end of the DCDC module, the output end of the DCDC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output end of the standby power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to the input end of the power supply module;

[0008] The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications;

[0009] When the main power supply is in a normal working state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply; when the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero;

[0010] Wherein, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is less than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply.

[0011] Optionally, the main power supply is a vehicle-mounted battery, and the initial power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery is 12V.

[0012] Optionally, the backup power supply is a vehicle-mounted backup battery, and the effective power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted backup battery is 3.6V.

[0013] Optionally, the models of the first diode and the second diode are PMEG060V050EPD, and the voltage drop of the first diode and the second diode is 0.32V.

[0014] Optionally, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is 4.4V.

[0015] Optionally, the output end of the power supply module is connected to the vehicle terminal ECU and supplies power to the vehicle terminal ECU system;

[0016] The vehicle terminal ECU system includes:

[0017] A CAN transceiver, which is used to establish communication with the systems inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, so as to obtain vehicle condition information in real time;

[0018] A sensor module, which is used to monitor the vehicle running state and environmental conditions, and convert the obtained information into an electrical signal and transmit it to the microcontroller;

[0019] A microcontroller, which is used to process sensor data, make corresponding decisions according to the processing results, control the vehicle running state or send out alarm information;

[0020] The CAN transceiver is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the sensor module.

[0021] Optionally, the output voltage of the output end of the power supply module is 5V.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application provides an ECU power supply system, including: a main and backup power supply switching circuit and a power supply module;

[0023] The main and standby power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a standby power supply;

[0024] The output end of the main power supply is connected to the input end of the DCDC module, the output end of the DCDC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output end of the standby power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to the input end of the power supply module;

[0025] The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications;

[0026] When the main power supply is in a normal operating state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply; when the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero;

[0027] Wherein, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply and the standby power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is less than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is switched from the main power supply to the standby power supply;

[0028] The power supply module is used to provide power supply to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system.

[0029] Optionally, the output end of the power supply module is connected to the in-vehicle terminal ECU and supplies power to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system;

[0030] The in-vehicle terminal ECU system includes:

[0031] A CAN transceiver, which is used to establish communication with the systems inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, so as to obtain vehicle condition information in real time;

[0032] A sensor module, which is used to monitor the vehicle running state and environmental conditions, and convert the obtained information into electrical signals and transmit them to the microcontroller;

[0033] A microcontroller, which is used to process sensor data, make corresponding decisions according to the processing results, control the running state of the vehicle or send out alarm information.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present application provides a vehicle, and the vehicle includes a main and standby power supply switching circuit.

[0035] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed by the present application:

[0036] The present application provides a main and standby power supply switching circuit, an ECU power supply system and a vehicle. The main and standby power supply switching circuit is used for the in-vehicle terminal ECU system of the vehicle. The main and standby power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a standby power supply; the output end of the main power supply is connected to the input end of the DCDC module, the output end of the DCDC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output end of the standby power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to the input end of the power supply module; the first diode and the second diode have the same specifications; when the main power supply is in a normal working state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply; when the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero.

[0037] Wherein, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply and the standby power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is less than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is switched from the main power supply to the standby power supply. By comparing the actual output voltage of the DCDC module with the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, and determining the power supply of the power supply module according to the comparison result, when the common power supply fails to supply power to the system due to power loss, fault, etc., the automatic switching from the main power supply to the standby power supply can be realized without an additional control switch, with low cost and no occupation of software resources. Description of the Drawings

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a main and standby power supply switching circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a main and standby power supply switching circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an ECU power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0042] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0043] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] The function of the in-vehicle ECU power supply system is to provide stable and reliable power support for the electronic control units in the vehicle, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the entire in-vehicle electronic system. The in-vehicle ECU power supply system obtains electrical energy from the vehicle's power module and, through a transformer, voltage regulator, filter, etc., adjusts the voltage to a level suitable for each ECU to use, and then safely distributes it to each component that requires power. This not only ensures that each component can obtain a stable operating voltage but also effectively prevents equipment damage caused by excessive or too small current.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, a main and backup power supply switching circuit is provided. This main and backup power supply switching circuit is used for the in-vehicle terminal ECU system of a vehicle. The main and backup power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply 1 and a backup power supply 2.

[0046] The output terminal of the main power supply 1 is connected to the input terminal of the DCDC module 3. The output terminal of the DCDC module 3 is connected to the anode of the first diode 4. The output terminal of the backup power supply 2 is connected to the anode of the second diode 5. The cathodes of the first diode 4 and the second diode 5 are both connected to the input terminal VIN of the power supply module 6.

[0047] The first diode 4 and the second diode 5 have the same specifications, aiming to make the first diode 4 and the second diode 5 have the same voltage drop.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the models of the first diode 4 and the second diode 5 are both PMEG060V050EPD. PMEG060V050EPD is an ultra-fast recovery Schottky diode produced by Nexperia. It has advantages such as low forward voltage drop, high efficiency, and fast response. The typical forward voltage drop (VF) of this diode is 0.32V, which can significantly reduce the conduction loss compared with traditional rectifier diodes, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0049] When the main power supply 1 is in a normal operating state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module 3 is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply 2. When the main power supply 1 is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module 3 decreases from the initial output voltage to zero. Among them, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module 3 is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply 2, the power supply of the power supply module 6 is the main power supply 1; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module 3 is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply 2, the power supply of the power supply module 6 is the main power supply 1 and the backup power supply 2; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module 3 is less than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply 2, the power supply of the power supply module 6 is switched from the main power supply 1 to the backup power supply 2.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the main power supply 1 is a vehicle-mounted battery. The output terminal of the vehicle-mounted battery is connected to a DCDC converter. The initial power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery is 12V. The backup power supply 2 is a backup battery, and the effective power supply voltage of the backup battery is 3.6V. The voltage drops of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are 0.32V. The DCDC module 3 includes a DCDC converter, and the initial output voltage of the DCDC converter is 4.4V. The DCDC converter can be MPQ4436GRE. The 12V power supply of the vehicle-mounted battery matches the standard voltage of the vehicle electrical system, ensuring that the vehicle terminal ECU system can directly utilize the vehicle power supply without additional adapters or conversion devices, simplifying the installation process and improving the compatibility and stability of the system. At the same time, the setting of the 3.6V power supply voltage of the backup battery provides a backup power supply for the vehicle terminal ECU system that can effectively support its operation and seamlessly switch when the main power supply fails.

[0051] When the vehicle-mounted battery supplies power normally, the initial power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery is 12V. The DCDC converter converts the voltage to 4.4V and supplies it to the anode of the diode D1. Since the forward voltage drop of the PMEG060V050EPD diode is 0.32V, the voltage after the DCDC output voltage passes through the diode D1 drops to 4.08V (i.e., 4.4V - 0.32V = 4.08V). At this time, the voltage at the cathode of the diode D1 is 4.08V. The effective power supply voltage of the backup battery is 3.6V, and the effective power supply voltage of the backup battery is lower than the voltage at the cathode of the diode D1 (4.08V). Therefore, the diode D2 is in a reverse bias state and will not conduct, that is, the backup battery will not supply power to the subsequent circuit.

[0052] As the service life of the in-vehicle battery increases or due to other reasons, the in-vehicle battery fails, resulting in an output voltage of 0 for the in-vehicle battery. At this time, the DCDC converter will not be able to maintain the originally set output voltage (4.4V). In this case, the output voltage of the DCDC converter will start to drop. When the output voltage of the DCDC converter drops from 4.4V to greater than 3.6V, due to the one-way conductivity of the diode, during this period, the system still mainly relies on the in-vehicle battery for power supply, and the backup battery has not directly participated in power supply at this time.

[0053] When the output voltage of the DCDC converter further drops and becomes equal to the power supply voltage of the backup battery, a transition stage will occur. In this stage, the in-vehicle battery and the backup battery jointly supply power to the power module to ensure a smooth switch between the two power supplies and avoid the impact of voltage drop on the load. When the output voltage of the DCDC converter drops to less than 3.6V, the in-vehicle battery is no longer sufficient to support the normal operation of the system. At this time, the power supply automatically switches completely from the in-vehicle battery to the backup battery to supply power to the power module, and this switch is seamless. At the same time, due to the one-way conduction characteristics of diode D1 and diode D2, diode D1 and diode D2 themselves have a protective effect on the circuit in front of their anodes. Since the output voltage of the DCDC converter is 4.4V, which is higher than the effective power supply voltage of the backup battery, the backup battery will not supply power to the subsequent circuit when the in-vehicle battery is supplying power normally. At the same time, due to the one-way conduction characteristic of diode D2, it will also protect the backup battery from being affected by the subsequent circuit.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, the output terminal of the power module 6 is connected to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system and supplies power to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system.

[0055] The in-vehicle terminal ECU system includes: a CAN transceiver, a sensor module, and a microcontroller.

[0056] The CAN transceiver is used to establish communication with the systems inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, so as to obtain vehicle condition information in real time;

[0057] The sensor module is used to monitor the vehicle operation state and environmental conditions, and convert the obtained information into an electrical signal and transmit it to the microcontroller;

[0058] The microcontroller is used to process the sensor data, make corresponding decisions according to the processing results, control the vehicle operation state or send out alarm information;

[0059] The CAN transceiver is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the sensor module.

[0060] In a specific application scenario, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is one of the extremely crucial and indispensable safety control systems in modern automobiles. Its core function is that in the event of emergency braking, it can effectively prevent the wheels from locking, thus ensuring the maintainance of the vehicle's maneuverability and stability, significantly shortening the braking distance, and greatly enhancing driving safety. To achieve this crucial goal, the ABS system relies on the highly close cooperation among multiple electronic components, including but not limited to CAN transceivers, high-performance microcontrollers, and precise sensor modules, etc.

[0061] In the ABS system, the sensor module usually consists of four wheel speed sensors, which are respectively installed on each wheel of the vehicle to continuously monitor the rotational speed of each wheel, and through a series of conversion processes, finally transmit the collected physical rotational speed signals to the microcontroller in the form of electrical signals in real time. When the driver steps on the brake pedal in an emergency, if a certain wheel shows a tendency to lock due to slippery ground or excessive braking force applied, the corresponding wheel speed sensor will quickly detect the sudden drop in the rotational speed of that wheel and immediately transmit this change information to the microcontroller.

[0062] The microcontroller is used to receive data from the sensor module and perform real-time analysis and processing. According to the preset control logic, the microcontroller not only needs to execute algorithms to determine whether there is a risk of wheel locking, but also calculate the braking force that needs to be adjusted and the optimal adjustment timing.

[0063] After receiving the abnormal signal of the wheel speed drop, the microcontroller will comprehensively judge whether there is a situation of skidding or impending locking by comparing the speed differences of the four wheels. Once it is confirmed that there is a potential risk, the microcontroller will send instructions to the hydraulic control unit to quickly and precisely adjust the braking force of the corresponding wheel (such as releasing part of the braking pressure) to quickly restore the tire's grip and ensure a smooth and safe stop.

[0064] The CAN transceiver connects the microcontroller of the ABS system to the vehicle's CAN bus network, enabling the ABS ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to exchange data and share information with other electronic control units (such as the Engine Control Module ECM, Electronic Stability Program ESP, dashboard display module, etc.).

[0065] For example, while the ABS system intervenes in the braking process, the microcontroller can transmit the status information of "anti-lock control in progress" to the dashboard in real time through the CAN transceiver, triggering the flashing of the ABS fault indicator to alert the driver; at the same time, a request can also be sent to the engine control unit to appropriately reduce the output torque of the engine, thereby assisting the vehicle in decelerating and further enhancing the overall safety and system coordination. The sensor module completes the acquisition of environmental information, the microcontroller is used for data processing and control, and the CAN transceiver is used for communication between the system internal and the vehicle network. The sensor module, microcontroller, and CAN transceiver work together to enable the ABS system to maintain vehicle controllability and safety under extreme driving conditions.

[0066] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide an ECU power supply system for implementing the above-mentioned ECU power supply system. The implementation solutions for solving problems provided by this system are similar to those described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more of the following ECU power supply system embodiments can refer to the limitations on the ECU power supply method in the above text and will not be repeated here.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure also provides an ECU power supply system, including: a main and standby power supply switching circuit and a power supply module;

[0068] The main and standby power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a standby power supply;

[0069] The output terminal of the main power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DCDC module, the output terminal of the DCDC module is connected to the anode of the first diode, the output terminal of the standby power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to the input terminal of the power supply module;

[0070] The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications;

[0071] When the main power supply is in a normal working state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply; when the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero;

[0072] Wherein, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is less than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply;

[0073] The power supply module is used to provide power supply to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system.

[0074] In one implementable manner, the output terminal of the power supply module is connected to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system and supplies power to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system;

[0075] The in-vehicle terminal ECU system includes:

[0076] A CAN transceiver, which is used to establish communication with the systems inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, so as to obtain vehicle condition information in real time;

[0077] A sensor module, which is used to monitor the vehicle running state and environmental conditions, and convert the obtained information into electrical signals and transmit them to the microcontroller;

[0078] A microcontroller, which is used to process sensor data, make corresponding decisions according to the processing results, control the vehicle running state or send out alarm information.

[0079] In one implementable manner, the main power supply is a vehicle-mounted battery, and the initial power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery is 12V.

[0080] In one implementable manner, the backup power supply is a vehicle-mounted backup battery, and the effective power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted backup battery is 3.6V.

[0081] In one implementable manner, the models of the first diode and the second diode are PMEG060V050EPD, and the voltage drops of the first diode and the second diode are 0.32V.

[0082] In one implementable manner, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is 4.4V.

[0083] In one implementable manner, the output voltage of the output terminal of the power supply module is 5V.

[0084] The present disclosure also provides a vehicle, which includes a main and backup power supply switching circuit.

[0085] In each of the embodiments provided in this application, the database involved may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., without limitation. In each of the embodiments provided in this application, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., without limitation.

[0086] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification.

[0087] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to this application.

Claims

1. A main and standby power supply switching circuit, characterized in that, The main and standby power supply switching circuit is used for the in-vehicle terminal ECU system of a vehicle. The main and standby power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a standby power supply; The output end of the main power supply is connected to the input end of the DCDC module. The output end of the DCDC module is connected to the anode of the first diode. The output end of the standby power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode. The cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to the input end of the power supply module; The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications; When the main power supply is in a normal working state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply. When the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module drops from the initial output voltage to zero; Wherein, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply. When the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply and the standby power supply. When the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is less than the effective power supply voltage of the standby power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is switched from the main power supply to the standby power supply.

2. The main and standby power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein The main power supply is a vehicle-mounted battery, and the initial power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery is 12V.

3. The main and standby power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standby power supply is a vehicle-mounted backup battery, and the effective power supply voltage of the vehicle-mounted backup battery is 3.6V.

4. The main and standby power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein The models of the first diode and the second diode are PMEG060V050EPD, and the voltage drop of the first diode and the second diode is 0.32V.

5. The main and standby power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial output voltage of the DCDC module is 4.4V.

6. The main and standby power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the power supply module is connected to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system and supplies power to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system; The in-vehicle terminal ECU system includes: A CAN transceiver, which is used to establish communication with the systems inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, so as to obtain vehicle condition information in real time; A sensor module, which is used to monitor the vehicle running state and environmental conditions, and convert the obtained information into electrical signals and transmit them to the microcontroller; A microcontroller, which is used to process sensor data, make corresponding decisions according to the processing results, control the running state of the vehicle or send out alarm information; The CAN transceiver is connected to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the sensor module.

7. The main and standby power supply switching circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output voltage of the output end of the power supply module is 5V.

8. An ECU power supply system, characterized in that, The ECU power supply system includes: a main and standby power supply switching circuit and a power supply module; The main and standby power supply switching circuit includes: a main power supply and a standby power supply; The output end of the main power supply is connected to the input end of the DCDC module. The output end of the DCDC module is connected to the anode of the first diode. The output end of the standby power supply is connected to the anode of the second diode. The cathodes of the first diode and the second diode are both connected to the input end of the power supply module; The first diode and the second diode have the same specifications; When the main power supply is in a normal operating state, the initial output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply; when the main power supply is in a fault state, the actual output voltage of the DCDC module decreases from the initial output voltage to zero. Among them, when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is greater than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is equal to the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is the main power supply and the backup power supply; when the actual output voltage of the DCDC module is less than the effective power supply voltage of the backup power supply, the power supply of the power supply module is switched from the main power supply to the backup power supply. The power supply module is used to provide power supply to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system.

9. The ECU power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The output terminal of the power supply module is connected to the in-vehicle terminal ECU and supplies power to the in-vehicle terminal ECU system. The in-vehicle terminal ECU system includes: A CAN transceiver, which is used to establish communication with the systems inside the vehicle by reading and sending data on the CAN bus, so as to obtain vehicle condition information in real time. A sensor module, which is used to monitor the vehicle running state and environmental conditions, and convert the obtained information into an electrical signal and transmit it to the microcontroller. A microcontroller, which is used to process sensor data, make corresponding decisions according to the processing results, control the running state of the vehicle or send out alarm information.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the main and backup power supply switching circuit according to any one of claims 1-7.

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