Plant grass seed bag for slope protection of dumping site in mining area and application of plant grass seed bag

Abstract

The invention provides a plant grass seed bag for slope protection of a mine dump and application of the plant grass seed bag. The plant grass seed bag is prepared from wheatgrass, elymus dahuricus, astragalus adsurgens, caragana microphylla, sweet clover and annual ryegrass according to the mass ratio of (1-1.4): (1-1.4): (1-1.6): (0.3-0.7): (0.1-0.4): (0.3-0.7). The plant grass seed bags are used for protecting the slope surface of the mining area dumping site. The method comprises the steps that S1, the slope surface of the mining area dumping site is leveled and then organic fertilizer is applied; s2, the plant grass seed bags are sown on the slope surface of the mine dump; s3, a water and soil immobilization material is laid, specifically, the water and soil immobilization material is laid on the slope surface of the mine dump and fixed; the water and soil holding material is one or any combination of a straw mat, plant fibers, a salix mongolica sand barrier and a reed curtain; s4, irrigation and maintenance; according to the method, the slope surface of the mine dump is successfully covered with green through cooperation of the water and soil immobilization material, the plant grass seed bag and the organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological protection of slopes in mine waste dumps, and particularly relates to a plant grass seed package for slope protection of mine waste dumps in mining areas and its application. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for minerals by humans, the speed of mining is getting faster and the scale of mining is getting larger. During the period from 1949 to 2017, the annual consumption of raw coal increased from 42.90 million tons to 3.52 billion tons, and its output is mainly concentrated in 9 provinces and regions, with a total output of about 3 billion tons. Among them, the output of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region alone accounts for nearly 1 / 3. By the end of 2017, the mine land involved in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 110.13 km 2 , and 48 areas with serious impact of mine geological disasters, 299 areas with relatively serious impact of mine geological disasters, and 1311 areas with general impact of mine geological disasters have been delineated cumulatively. In these mining areas, there are large areas of waste dumps. Due to the lack of soil nutrients, a series of ecological environment problems such as soil and water loss, vegetation degradation, and loss of biodiversity have occurred in the waste dumps. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a plant grass seed package for slope protection of mine waste dumps in mining areas and its application to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, through the selection of vegetation protection materials for mine waste dumps and the use of soil and water conservation materials in combination, the invention provides a plant grass seed package for slope protection of mine waste dumps in mining areas and its application, realizing the vegetation reconstruction and soil improvement of mine waste dumps. Among them, the mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium perenne = 1 - 1.4: 1 - 1.4: 1 - 1.6: 0.3 - 0.7: 0.1 - 0.4: 0.3 - 0.7.

[0004] Moreover, the mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium perenne = 1.1 - 1.3: 1.1 - 1.3: 1.2 - 1.4: 0.4 - 0.6: 0.2 - 0.4: 0.4 - 0.6.

[0005] Moreover, the mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium perenne = 1.2: 1.2: 1.3: 0.5: 0.3: 0.5.

[0006] Moreover, the Lolium perenne is annual ryegrass.

[0007] Using the plant grass seed package for the protection of the slope of the mine waste dump in the mining area includes the following steps: S1. Level the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and apply organic fertilizer with an application rate of 900 - 1100 kg / mu. S2. Sow the plant grass seed packets on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area; the sowing depth is 2 - 3 cm, and the sowing rate is 8 - 12 g / m 2 ; S3. Lay the soil and water conservation materials: Lay the soil and water conservation materials on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and fix them; the soil and water conservation materials are one or any combination of rice straw curtains, plant fibers, Salix psammophila sand barriers, and reed curtains. S4. Irrigate and maintain.

[0008] Moreover, the sowing time is from May to July.

[0009] Moreover, the mining area is the mining area in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia.

[0010] The organic fertilizer used in the present invention is the A-2 biological organic fertilizer purchased from Inner Mongolia Mengcao Plant Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd. In this organic fertilizer, the organic matter ≥ 30%, the total nutrients N + P2O + K2O ≥ 4%, the moisture ≤ 30%, and the pH = 5.5 - 8.5.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention is applied to the slope protection of the waste dump in the mining area. By using the combination of soil and water conservation materials, plant grass seed packets, and organic fertilizer, the slope of the waste dump in the mining area is successfully greened. The mass ratio of the plant grass seed packets used is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum = 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5; the soil and water conservation materials are one or any combination of rice straw curtains, plant fibers, Salix psammophila sand barriers, and reed curtains; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 900 - 1100 kg / mu. Description of the Drawings

[0012] Figure 1 It is the distribution map of different retention materials in the experiment; Figure 2 It is the effect diagram after laying different retention materials in the experiment; Figure 3 It is the comparison of the sand washing amount effects of different retention materials in Experiment 1; Figure 4 It is the change of the height, coverage, and density of the community vegetation under the laying of different retention materials in Experiment 3; Figure 5 It is the difference in above-ground biomass of different retention materials in Experiment 4; Figure 6 It is the change of the physical properties of the soil on the mine slope under different retention material treatments in Experiment 5; Figure 7For the changes in the chemical properties of mine slope soil under different fixation materials in Experiment 5; Figure 8 For the changes in the Shannon-Wiener index of five combinations in Experiment 6; Figure 9 For the changes in the Pielou's J index of five combinations in Experiment 6; Figure 10 For the changes in the Simpson index of five combinations in Experiment 6; Figure 11 For the changes in the NDVI of the vegetation in Minda Coal Mine from 2019 to 2023 in Experiment 7; Figure 12 For the vegetation change situation of Minda Coal Mine from 2018 to 2023 in Experiment 7 (from left to right are the vegetation coverage from 2017 to 2022). Specific implementation mode Example 1

[0013] The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of the waste dump in the mining area includes the following steps: S1. Level the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and apply organic fertilizer. The application rate of the organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; S2. Sow the plant grass seed package on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area; the sowing depth is 2 cm, and the sowing rate is 8 g / m 2 ; The mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum = 1:l:l:0.3:0.1:0.3.

[0014] S3. Lay the soil and water fixation material: Lay the soil and water fixation material on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and fix it; the soil and water fixation material is plant fiber; S4. Irrigate and maintain.

[0015] Further, the sowing time is in May.

[0016] Further, the mining area is the mining area in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. Example 2

[0017] The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of the waste dump in the mining area includes the following steps: S1. Level the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and apply organic fertilizer. The application rate of the organic fertilizer is 1100 kg / mu; S2. Sow the plant grass seed package on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area; the sowing depth is 3 cm, and the sowing rate is 12 g / m 2; The mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum = 1.4: 1.4: 1.6: 0.7: 0.4: 0.7.

[0018] S3. Laying soil and water conservation materials: Lay the soil and water conservation materials on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and fix them; the soil and water conservation materials are Salix psammophila sand barriers; S4. Irrigation and maintenance.

[0019] Furthermore, the sowing time is in July.

[0020] Furthermore, the mining area is the mining area in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. Example 3

[0021] An application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of waste dumps in mining areas, including the following steps: S1. Level the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and apply organic fertilizer, and the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 1000 kg / mu; S2. Sow the plant grass seed package on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area; the sowing depth is 2.5 cm, and the sowing rate is 10 g / m 2 ; The mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum = 1.2: 1.2: 1.3: 0.5: 0.3: 0.5.

[0022] S3. Laying soil and water conservation materials: Lay the soil and water conservation materials on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and fix them; the soil and water conservation materials are rice straw curtains; S4. Irrigation and maintenance.

[0023] Furthermore, the sowing time is in June.

[0024] Furthermore, the mining area is the mining area in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. Example 4

[0025] In this example, except that the soil and water conservation materials are replaced by reed curtains, the others are the same as in Example 3. Experimental part

[0026] To verify the effects of different soil and water conservation materials, the inventor carried out experiments in Ordos on July 10, 2021 in the manner of Example 3 using rice straw curtains, plant fibers, Salix psammophila sand barriers, and reed curtains respectively. At the same time, a CK group was set up, and each group was repeated 3 times. The distribution maps of different retention materials and the effects after laying are as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown. Experiment 1 Study on soil erosion amount under the protection of different soil and water conservation materials

[0027] In each soil and water conservation material group, measuring rods were buried at fixed distances from the top to the bottom of the slope. The amount of sediment washed away per unit area of the entire slope was calculated based on the erosion depth. The amount of sediment washed away from the soil after precipitation was regularly measured, and the sediment wash - away amounts of different soil and water conservation materials were recorded separately. The results are as Figure 3 shown.

[0028] It can be Figure 3 seen that for different treatments of soil and water conservation materials, their sediment wash - away amounts are different. The sediment wash - away amount of CK is the highest, followed by Salix psammophila sand barriers, reed curtains, plant fibers, and the sediment wash - away amount of rice straw curtains is the lowest. Experiment 2: Number and average depth of erosion gullies on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area after protection with different soil and water conservation materials

[0029] Through on - site measurement and observation, the number and average depth of erosion gullies in different soil and water conservation material groups were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1 Changes in the characteristics of erosion gullies on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area after laying different soil and water conservation materials Group Number of erosion gullies (pcs) Average depth of erosion gullies (cm) Without laying material (CK) 11 15 Plant fiber 5 12 Reed curtain 6 9 Salix psammophila sand barrier 8 10 Rice straw curtain 3 8 It can be seen from Table 1 that when different soil and water conservation materials are used to lay the slope of the waste dump in the mining area, the number of erosion gullies is reduced compared with the CK group, and the average depth of erosion gullies is also reduced compared with the CK group. Among them, the number of erosion gullies under the treatment of rice straw curtains is the least, which is 3, and the average depth of erosion gullies is the smallest, which is 8 cm, with the best effect. Experiment 3: Study on the changes in vegetation height, coverage, and density after protection with different soil and water conservation materials

[0031] After the second irrigation on May 10, 2022, on September 22, 2022, vegetation with an area of 1 m×1 m was randomly selected for data monitoring. The vegetation height, density, and coverage were measured. Grazing and livestock entry were prohibited during this period. The results are as Figure 4 shown. It can be Figure 4 seen that under the treatments of reed curtains, plant fibers, Salix psammophila sand barriers, and rice straw curtains, the height, coverage, and density of the community vegetation are higher than those of the CK group ( P＜0.05 ), and the height, coverage, and density of the community vegetation under the treatment of rice straw curtains are better than those of other groups. Experiment 4: Study on the changes in above - ground vegetation biomass after protection with different soil and water conservation materials

[0032] On September 22, 2022, soil samples at a depth of 0 - 30 cm after protection with different soil and water conservation materials were collected for testing and analysis, and the above - ground vegetation biomass after protection with different soil and water conservation materials was measured. The results are as Figure 5 shown. It can be Figure 5It can be seen that there are significant differences in biomass among reed curtains, plant fibers, Salix psammophila sand barriers, and rice straw curtains compared with the CK group, and they are all higher than CK. Among them, the effects of rice straw curtains and plant fibers are the best. Experiment 5: Study on soil changes after protection with different soil and water conservation materials (1)Changes in pH value, humidity, and temperature

[0033] Measure the pH value, humidity, and temperature of the soil samples collected in Experiment 4. The results are as Figure 6 shown. From Figure 6 it can be seen that for the pH value changes of the soil under different soil and water conservation material treatments: compared with the CK group, the pH values of the 4 soil and water conservation materials all tend to increase; for the humidity changes of the soil under different soil and water conservation material treatments: compared with CK, the humidity of the 4 soil and water conservation materials all increases significantly; for the temperature changes of the soil under different soil and water conservation material treatments: except that the soil temperature under the treatments of rice straw curtains and plant fibers decreases significantly compared with the CK group, and there is a negative correlation between soil temperature and soil humidity, the soil temperature under the treatments of other soil and water conservation materials all increases. (2)Changes in available potassium, available phosphorus, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and organic matter

[0034] Measure the contents of available potassium, available phosphorus, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and organic matter in the soil samples collected in Experiment 4. The results are as Figure 7 shown. From Figure 7 it can be seen that for available potassium: compared with CK, the available potassium content in the soil under the treatments of reed curtains, Salix psammophila sand barriers, and rice straw curtains increases significantly, and there is no obvious change in the available potassium content in the soil under the treatment of plant fibers; for available phosphorus: compared with CK, except that the available phosphorus content in the soil under the treatments of rice straw curtains and plant fibers increases significantly, there is no significant difference in the available phosphorus content in the soil under the treatments of other soil and water conservation materials; for hydrolyzable nitrogen: compared with CK, the hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil under the treatments of rice straw curtains, plant fibers, and Salix psammophila sand barriers increases significantly, and there is no obvious change in the hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil under the treatment of reed curtains; for organic matter: compared with CK, the organic matter content in the soil under different soil and water conservation material treatments all increases significantly, and the organic matter content in the soil under the treatment of rice straw curtains is the highest, followed by Salix psammophila sand barriers and plant fibers, while the organic matter content in the soil under the treatment of reed curtains is the lowest. Experiment 6: Changes in plant communities

[0035] Prepare different plant grass seed packages as shown in Table 2. In Table 2, combination 1 is the plant grass seed package and fertilization rate of the present invention; compared with the present invention, the fertilization rate in combination 2 is reduced to 800 kg / mu; compared with the present invention, the fertilization rate in combination 3 is increased to 1200 kg / mu; combinations 4 and 5 both adopt the fertilization rate of the present invention, but the plant grass seed combinations are different from the present invention.

[0036] The five combinations shown in Table 2 were planted on the slope of the spoil ground of Ordos Mindat Coal Mine on July 10, 2021, in the manner of Example 3.

[0037] Table 2 Mass ratio of grass seeds of each combination of plants Combination Plant grass seeds Mass ratio Fertilizer application rate (kg / mu) Combination 1 (the present invention) Agropyron cristatum + Elymus dahuricus + Astragalus adsurgens + Caragana microphylla + Melilotus officinalis + Lolium multiflorum 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5 1000 Combination 2 Agropyron cristatum + Elymus dahuricus + Astragalus adsurgens + Caragana microphylla + Melilotus officinalis + Lolium multiflorum 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5 800 Combination 3 Agropyron cristatum + Elymus dahuricus + Astragalus adsurgens + Caragana microphylla + Melilotus officinalis + Lolium multiflorum 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5 1200 Combination 4 Agropyron cristatum + Elytrigia repens + Melilotus officinalis + Medicago sativa + Hedysarum fruticosum + Lolium multiflorum 1:1:1.5:0.5:0.8:0.2 1000 Combination 5 Agropyron cristatum + Achnatherum splendens + Astragalus adsurgens + Medicago sativa + Lolium multiflorum 1.5:1.5:0.7:0.5:0.8 1000 During the period from 2021 to 2022, the richness and evenness of vegetation species were monitored four times successively to study the α-diversity of the plant community. The four monitoring times were September 14, 2021, May 10, 2022, June 24, 2022, and September 22, 2022, as follows: ① Shannon-Wiener index status under different treatment measures The Shannon-Wiener index is a comprehensive index to measure species richness and evenness. In this experiment, the Shannon-Wiener index was used to characterize the change characteristics of species richness and evenness in the vegetation community after the protection of the mining area. Under different treatment measures, the Shannon-Wiener index of each combination in each period is as Figure 8 shown.

[0038] Shannon index calculation formula:

[0039] (Note: H is the Shannon-Wiener index, n is the number of species per unit area, and P i is the proportion of the i th species in all species) From Figure 8 it can be seen that in May 2022, the vegetation was in the greening and recovery period, so the Shannon-Wiener index under each treatment measure was lower than that in September 2021.

[0040] Throughout the entire cycle, there was no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index of the vegetation of Combination 1 and Combination 2 from the initial stage of vegetation restoration (September 14, 2021 - May 10, 2022) to each treatment. There were differences in the middle and late stages of vegetation restoration (June 24, 2022 - September 22, 2022); among them, the Shannon-Wiener index of Combination 1 increased the fastest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and was stable in the middle and late stages, while the Shannon-Wiener index of Combination 2 increased at a relatively fast rate in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and had the worst stability in the late stage of vegetation restoration.

[0041] The Shannon-Wiener indices of the vegetation in Combinations 3, 4, and 5 were significantly different from those of each treatment in the initial stage of vegetation restoration (September 14, 2021 - May 10, 2022), but not significantly different in the middle and late stages of vegetation restoration (June 24, 2022 - September 22, 2022). The rate of increase of the Shannon-Wiener index of Combination 3 was moderate in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and its stability was poor in the late stage. The rate of increase of the Shannon-Wiener index of Combination 4 was slow in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and its stability was good in the late stage. The rate of increase of the Shannon-Wiener index of Combination 5 was the slowest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and the vegetation stability was good in the late stage.

[0042] In summary, the Shannon-Wiener index in the sample plot of Combination 1 increased the fastest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, followed by Combinations 2, 3, 4, and Control 1, and Combination 5 was the worst. The best combination of the Shannon-Wiener index under different treatment measures was Combination 1, that is, "by mass ratio, Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5" had the best vegetation richness under the condition of applying 1000 kg / mu of fertilizer.

[0043] ② The status of Pielou's J index under different treatment measures Evenness refers to the degree of similarity of the relative richness of each species in the sample plot, which is expressed by the Pielou's J index. The value of the Pielou's J index generally ranges from 0 to 1, indicating the distribution evenness of species. When the evenness is low, that is, when the value is small, it indicates that the distribution of species in the system is uneven. On the contrary, when the value is large, it indicates that the species are evenly distributed. The Pielou's J indices of the above five combinations were measured, and the Pielou's J indices of each combination in each period under different treatment measures are as Figure 9 shown.

[0044] Pielou's J index calculation formula: J = H' / ln(S) (Note: J is the Pielou's J index, H' is the Shannon-Wiener index, S is the number of species in the sample plot) It can be seen from Figure 9 that the vegetation was in the greening and recovery period in May 2022, so the Pielou's J index under each treatment measure was lower than that in September 2021.

[0045] Throughout the entire period, the Pielou's J index of the vegetation in Combination 1, Combination 2, and Combination 3 showed no significant difference from each treatment in the initial stage of vegetation restoration (September 14, 2021 - May 10, 2022), but showed significant differences from each treatment in the middle and late stages of vegetation restoration (June 24, 2022 - September 22, 2022). Among them, the Pielou's J index of Combination 1 increased the fastest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and was stable in the middle and late stages; the rate of increase of the Pielou's J index of Combination 2 was relatively fast in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and the stability of the Pielou's J index of the vegetation was poor in the later stage; the rate of increase of the Pielou's J index of Combination 3 was slow in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and the stability was the worst in the later stage of vegetation restoration. The Pielou's J index of the vegetation in Combination 4 and Combination 5 showed significant differences from each treatment in the initial stage of vegetation restoration (September 14, 2021 - May 10, 2022), and showed no significant differences from each treatment in the middle and late stages of vegetation restoration (June 24, 2022 - September 22, 2022). The rate of increase of the Pielou's J index of Combination 4 was slow in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and the stability was poor in the later stage; the rate of increase of the Pielou's J index of Combination 5 was the slowest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and the stability of the vegetation was average in the later stage.

[0046] In summary, the Pielou's J index in the sample plot of Combination 1 increased the fastest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, followed by Combination 2, Combination 4, Combination 3, and Control 1, and Combination 5 was the worst; the best combination of the Pielou's J index under different treatment measures was Combination 1, that is, calculated by mass ratio, "Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum = 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5" had the best vegetation evenness under the condition of fertilizing 1000 kg / mu.

[0047] ③ Simpson index status under different treatment measures The biodiversity index of a biological community is an index that comprehensively considers species richness and evenness, expressed by the Simpson index. The Simpson index is one of the most common indexes for measuring the organizational level of a population. The more species there are in a community and the more evenly the individuals of each species are distributed, the higher the index, indicating better community diversity. The Simpson indexes of the above five combinations were measured, and the results are as Figure 10 shown.

[0048] Simpson index calculation formula:

[0049] (Note: D is the Simpson index, ni represents the number of individuals of the ith species in the sample plot, and N represents the sum of the number of individuals of all species in the sample plot) The Simpson indexes of each combination in each period are as Figure 10As shown, it can be seen that the vegetation was in the greening and recovery period in May 2022. Therefore, the Simpson index under each treatment measure was lower than that in September 2021.

[0050] For the Simpson index of the vegetation in combination 1 and combination 2, there was no significant difference from each treatment in the initial stage of vegetation restoration (September 14, 2021 - May 10, 2022), while there was a significant difference from each treatment in the middle and late stages of vegetation restoration (June 24, 2022 - September 22, 2022). Among them, the Simpson index of combination 1 increased the fastest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and had better vegetation stability in the middle and late stages; the rate of increase of the Simpson index of combination 2 was the slowest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, and the stability of the Simpson index of the vegetation was the worst in the later stage.

[0051] For the Simpson index of the vegetation in combination 3, combination 4, and combination 5, there was a significant difference from each treatment from the initial stage to the later stage of vegetation restoration (September 14, 2021 - May 10, 2022). The rate of increase of the Simpson index of combination 3 was slower in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and its stability was poor in the later stage of vegetation restoration; the rate of increase of the Simpson index of combination 4 was faster in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and its stability was poor in the later stage; the rate of increase of the Simpson index of combination 5 was slower in the initial stage of vegetation restoration and the stability of the later-stage vegetation was poor.

[0052] In summary, the Simpson index in the sample plot of combination 1 increased the fastest in the initial stage of vegetation restoration, followed by combination 4, combination 5, combination 3, and control 1, and combination 2 was the worst; the vegetation stability of combination 1 was also better in the later stage of vegetation restoration. Experimental results: The best combination of the Simpson index under different treatment measures was combination 1, that is, "by mass ratio, Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium multiflorum = 1.2:1.2:1.3:0.5:0.3:0.5", and the species richness and evenness of the vegetation were the best under the condition of applying 1000 kg / mu of fertilizer. Experiment 7 Vegetation Status of Minda Coal Mine

[0053] The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is used to quantify vegetation by measuring the difference between near-infrared (strongly reflected by vegetation) and red light (absorbed by vegetation), and is closely related to vegetation chlorophyll, leaf area index, biomass, vegetation coverage, etc. Therefore, in this experiment, NDVI was used to statistically analyze the changes in vegetation coverage, vegetation ecological restoration, soil and water conservation, desertification process, ecological environment quality, and climate change of Minda Coal Mine. The changes in the vegetation NDVI from 2019 to 2023 are as Figure 11 shown, from Figure 11It can be seen that the vegetation condition showed an improving trend during 2019 - 2023, reaching the peak value (0.433) in 2022 and the lowest value (0.198) in 2019. During 2021 - 2023, the vegetation was in a rapid recovery stage, and the vegetation reached a stable state during 2022 - 2023.

[0054] The vegetation change condition of Ordos Mindar Coal Mine from 2018 to 2023 is as Figure 12 shown. From Figure 12 it can be seen that the vegetation coverage has improved significantly during 2022 - 2023.

Claims

1. A plant grass seed package for slope protection of waste dumps in mining areas, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium perenne = 1 - 1.4: 1 - 1.4: 1 - 1.6: 0.3 - 0.7: 0.1 - 0.4: 0.3 - 0.

7.

2. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium perenne = 1.1 - 1.3: 1.1 - 1.3: 1.2 - 1.4: 0.4 - 0.6: 0.2 - 0.4: 0.4 - 0.

6.

3. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the plant grass seed package is Agropyron cristatum: Elymus dahuricus: Astragalus adsurgens: Caragana microphylla: Melilotus officinalis: Lolium perenne = 1.2: 1.2: 1.3: 0.5: 0.3: 0.

5.

4. Use of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The Lolium perenne is annual ryegrass.

5. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to claim 4, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Level the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and apply organic fertilizer, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 900 - 1100 kg / mu; S2. Sow the plant grass seed packets on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area; the sowing depth is 2 - 3 cm, and the sowing rate is 8 - 12 g / m 2 ; S3. Lay the soil and water conservation materials: Lay the soil and water conservation materials on the slope of the waste dump in the mining area and fix them; S4. Irrigate and maintain.

6. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to claim 5, characterized in that The sowing time is from May to July.

7. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mining area is the mining area in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia.

8. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The soil and water conservation materials are one or any combination of rice straw curtains, plant fibers, Salix psammophila barriers, and reed curtains.

9. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area according to claim 5, characterized in that, The soil and water conservation material is a rice straw curtain.

10. The application of a plant grass seed package for slope protection of a waste dump in a mining area as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The soil and water conservation material is a plant fiber.

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