Coastal wetland scirpus mariqueter efficient recovery and management method based on deep ploughing treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses a coastal wetland scirpus mariqueter efficient recovery and management method based on deep ploughing treatment, which comprises the following steps: S1, seed pretreatment: soaking seeds and sand in a mass ratio of 1: 4 for 48 hours, and controlling the humidity to 40%; s2, selecting a sowing area and controlling sowing time: selecting a spartina alterniflora deep ploughing treatment area and sowing the spartina alterniflora in a low tide period before the first flood tide after deep ploughing; s3, according to a seeding rate and season adaptation strategy, 30 kg / hectare is adopted from April to July, and 45 kg / hectare is adopted from November to February of the next year; s4, dynamic monitoring and reseeding management: implementing monitoring management for two years after seeding; s5, recovering the effect evaluation index system; according to the method, the seed germination survival rate and community stability are remarkably improved, relapse of spartina alterniflora is inhibited, the vegetation coverage rate reaches 85% or above, the annual carbon reserve is increased by 0.2-0.3 ton / hectare, and the method is easy and convenient to operate, low in cost, high in applicability and suitable for large-area wetland ecological restoration engineering popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and wetland management, and in particular to a method for efficiently restoring and managing Spartina maritima in coastal wetlands after deep plowing and treatment. The method is suitable for wetland vegetation reconstruction after the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. The method aims to reduce erosion, conserve soil and water, enhance the carbon sequestration function of wetlands, control the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, promote the stable reconstruction of local community structure, and improve bird habitats. Background Art

[0002] Coastal wetlands, located at the intersection of land and sea, are important ecosystems for maintaining regional ecological security. They play a key role in regulating climate, intercepting pollution, providing habitats, and resisting marine disasters. However, with the intensification of global climate change and human activities, coastal wetland ecosystems are facing continuous degradation. Among them, the invasion of the alien species Spartina alterniflora has greatly threatened the biodiversity and ecosystem security of coastal areas. Spermaceae grasslands are used for bank protection and embankment reinforcement. However, their high reproductive capacity, wide ecological niche, salt and flood tolerance, and well-developed root system make them highly adaptable and invasive. Once established, they rapidly crowd out native vegetation through dense cover and nutrient competition, resulting in a homogenous wetland community structure, a sharp decline in biodiversity, loss of benthic habitat, and obstruction of tidal channels, severely weakening the ecological services of coastal wetlands.

[0003] Currently, the primary approach to combating the invasion of Spartina alterniflora is a comprehensive approach involving physical, chemical, and ecological alternatives. Deep plowing, a physical measure that is environmentally friendly, low-cost, and suitable for large-scale application, has been widely adopted in many areas. This method, which mechanically disrupts the rhizome system of Spartina alterniflora, effectively weakens its underground regeneration capacity in a short period of time. It has been widely used in coastal wetlands in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces.

[0004] At present, there are still some problems in the restoration of native plant communities after deep plowing of Spartina alterniflora: first, the soil is severely disturbed after deep plowing and the structure is temporarily unstable. Traditional sowing methods can easily cause seed loss and seedling death in a tidal environment; second, there is no standardized system for sowing density, timing and pretreatment methods; third, exposed areas are susceptible to tidal erosion, and community recovery is slow; fourth, there is a lack of scientific and continuous restoration monitoring and Spartina alterniflora recurrence control mechanisms, resulting in unstable ecological restoration results.

[0005] Scirpus mariqueter is a typical pioneer species in the coastal wetlands of eastern China. It is salt-tolerant, flood-tolerant, and highly adaptable, with good carbon sequestration, soil fixation, and community establishment capabilities, making it an ideal ecological alternative species. In existing restoration practices, Scirpus mariqueter is mostly transplanted through plants, which is effective but costly and cumbersome to operate, making it difficult to promote on a large scale; direct seeding is economical and efficient, but still lacks systematic technical support in the tidal flat environment.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a technical method that integrates seeding strategy optimization, timing control, and system management to achieve the efficient restoration of Scirpus mariqueter and the stable establishment of communities in coastal wetlands after the deep tillage treatment of Spartina alterniflora. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art, such as high seed scattering loss rate, low restoration efficiency, high cost, high recurrence rate of Spartina alterniflora, and lack of post-monitoring mechanism, and to propose a method for the efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep tillage treatment.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for the efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep tillage treatment, comprising the following specific steps: S1: Seed pretreatment: Mix Scirpus mariqueter seeds with sand, wet the mixture with water, let it stand, and then adjust the humidity of the mixture after filtration to form a pre-treated seed mixture that can be directly sown. S2: Selection of sowing area and control of sowing timing: Select the area where Spartina alterniflora has been deeply tilled, evenly sow the pre-treated seeds, and use the soil voids after deep tillage and tidal scouring to bury them to minimize the scouring loss of seeds. S3: Sowing rate and season adaptation strategy: Set different sowing rates according to different sowing seasons. The sowing rate from April to July is 30 kg / ha, with an initial planting density target of 800 plants per square meter. The sowing rate from November to February of the following year is 45 kg / ha to make up for the possible germination rate loss in the cold season. S4: Dynamic monitoring and reseeding management: Implement two-year monitoring and management after sowing. S41: For the areas sown from April to July, monitor the germination rate monthly from sowing. If it is lower than 60%, reseed 50% of the initial sowing amount, and simultaneously monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora. Once found, immediately remove it to prevent secondary invasion. S42: For the areas sown from November to February of the following year, start monitoring from the time when Scirpus mariqueter germinates. If the germination rate is lower than 60%, reseed 50% of the initial sowing amount, and at the same time monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora. Once found, immediately remove it to prevent secondary invasion. S5: Recovery effectiveness evaluation index system: Conduct ecological restoration assessment two years after continuous monitoring following seeding implementation. The indicators include but are not limited to: habitat improvement, vegetation coverage rate, aboveground biomass, plant height, density, growth vigor, soil carbon storage, community stability, and waterbird utilization.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S1, the mass ratio of Scirpus mariqueter seeds to sand for pretreating the seed mixture is 1:4.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S1, after adding water to wet the mixture, let it stand for 48 hours, and control the humidity of the mixture at 40%.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S2, the seeding should be completed during the low tide period before the first high tide after deep plowing treatment, and utilize the tidal power during high tide to wash and bury the seeds in the loosened soil.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S4, the removal methods for Spartina alterniflora recurrence include but are not limited to manual removal to ensure immediate treatment after recurrence.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S5, the vegetation coverage rate is not less than 85%, the aboveground biomass is not less than 500 g / m², and the annual average increase in soil carbon storage is 0.2 - 0.3 tons / ha.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Optimize the seed pretreatment process and significantly improve the seed germination ability.

[0015] 2. Precisely control the seeding time before the low tide period after deep plowing to reduce the risk of tidal scour.

[0016] 3. Set the seeding rate seasonally and optimize the cost and density by utilizing the tillering characteristics.

[0017] 4. Construct a systematic two-year management and reseeding mechanism to effectively inhibit the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora.

[0018] 5. Significantly improve the establishment speed of the Scirpus mariqueter community and the ecological function recovery efficiency, with the vegetation coverage rate reaching over 85% and the annual carbon storage increasing by 0.2 - 0.3 tons / ha.

[0019] 6. Applicable to large areas of Spartina alterniflora deep plowing areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands based on deep plowing treatment proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easily understood, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 , based on the efficient restoration and management method of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep plowing treatment, including the following specific steps: S1: Seed pretreatment: Mix Scirpus mariqueter seeds and sand at a mass ratio of 1:4. Add clear water to the mixture to moisten it, then let it stand for 48 hours. After filtration, adjust the humidity of the mixture to 40% to form a pretreated seed mixture that can be directly sown. S2: Selection of sowing area and control of sowing time: Select the coastal wetland area after the deep plowing treatment of Spartina alterniflora. During the low tide period before the first high tide after the deep plowing is completed, evenly sow the pretreated seeds, and use the soil voids after deep plowing and tidal scouring to bury them to minimize the scouring and loss of seeds. S3: Sowing rate and season adaptation strategy: Set different sowing rates according to different sowing seasons. The sowing rate from April to July is 30 kg / ha, with an initial planting density target of 800 plants per square meter. The sowing rate from November to February of the following year is 45 kg / ha to make up for the possible germination rate loss in the cold season. S4: Dynamic monitoring and reseeding management: Implement two-year monitoring and management after sowing. S41: For the areas sown from April to July, monitor the germination rate monthly since sowing. If it is lower than 60%, reseed 50% of the initial sowing amount. Synchronously monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, and immediately remove it once found to prevent secondary invasion. S42: For the areas sown from November to February of the following year, start monitoring since the Scirpus mariqueter germinates. If the germination rate is lower than 60%, reseed 50% of the initial sowing amount. At the same time, monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, and immediately remove it once found to prevent secondary invasion. The removal methods for the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora include, but are not limited to, manual removal to ensure immediate treatment after recurrence; S5: Evaluation index system for restoration effectiveness: Conduct ecological restoration evaluation after two years of continuous monitoring after sowing. The indicators include, but are not limited to: habitat improvement, vegetation coverage rate (≥85%), aboveground biomass (≥500 g / m²), plant height, density, growth potential, soil carbon storage (an average annual increase of 0.2 - 0.3 tons / ha), community stability and waterbird utilization.

[0023] To verify the practicality and effectiveness of the present invention, two typical restoration cases were carried out in the coastal wetlands of Hangzhou Bay. Sowing operations were carried out in different seasons, and the restoration of native vegetation was carried out based on the previously completed Spartina alterniflora deep plowing treatment area.

[0024] Example 1: Sowing and restoration from April to July Regional location: A Spartina alterniflora control area on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Treatment area: about 60 hectares Implementation time: Early May 2023 Operation process: The dried sea sedge seeds collected locally were mixed with sand in a mass ratio of 1:4. After adding clean water and soaking for 48 hours, filter and process, and control the moisture to 40% to form pre-treated seeds; During the low tide period before the first high tide (the next day) after deep plowing is completed, the soil is spread evenly by manual and mechanical assisted spreading. The seeding rate was set at 30 kg / ha, and the target initial planting density was 800 plants / m²; After sowing, 10 1 m × 1 m plots were set up every month to monitor the germination rate. If the germination rate was lower than 60%, 50% of the initial seeding amount was re-sown in the same tide window. At the same time, we will monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora and remove it immediately if found.

[0025] Preliminary results (two years after sowing): Monitoring results in early May 2025 showed that the vegetation coverage rate reached 87.3%; the aboveground biomass was 552 g / m²; the average plant height was 58.6 cm; the soil carbon storage increased by an average of 0.25 tons / hectare per year; the community was highly stable, and there was no recurrence of Spartina alterniflora.

[0026] Example 2: Sowing resumes from November to February of the following year Location: Within the wetland protection zone on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Treatment area: about 30 hectares Implementation period: December 2023 to January 2024 Operation process: The same seed pretreatment method as in Case 1 was used; Complete sowing during the low tide period after deep plowing; The seeding rate was set at 45 kg / ha to cope with the lower emergence rate under low winter temperatures; Set up fixed plots for monthly monitoring starting from the seed germination period. If the germination rate is lower than 60%, reseeding will be carried out according to the standard; Simultaneously monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, immediately manually clear the recurring areas, and perform local deep plowing treatment when necessary.

[0027] Initial results (1.5 years after sowing, as of June 2025): Vegetation coverage reached 78.1%; aboveground biomass was 527g / m²; average plant height was 54.3 cm; annual soil carbon storage increased by 0.19 t / hectare; community development was balanced, spatial structure was stable, and there was no recurrence of Spartina alterniflora.

[0028] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: optimizing the seed pretreatment process and significantly improving the seed germination ability; precisely controlling the sowing time before the low tide period after deep plowing to reduce the risk of tidal scouring; setting the sowing rate seasonally and optimizing the cost and density by utilizing the tillering characteristics; constructing a systematic two-year management and reseeding mechanism to effectively inhibit the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora; significantly improving the establishment speed of the Scirpus mariqueter community and the ecological function recovery efficiency, with the vegetation coverage rate reaching over 85% and the annual carbon storage increasing by 0.2 - 0.3 tons / hectare; applicable to large areas of deep plowed Spartina alterniflora areas.

[0029] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0030] The present invention aims to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient restoration and management method for Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep tillage treatment, characterized in that, It includes the following specific steps: S1: Seed pretreatment: Mix Scirpus mariqueter seeds with sand. After the mixture is wetted with water and left standing, it is filtered and then the humidity of the mixture is regulated to form a pretreated seed mixture that can be directly sown; S2: Selection of sowing area and control of sowing timing: Select the area where Spartina alterniflora has been deeply plowed and treated, and evenly sow the pretreated seeds; S3: Sowing rate and season adaptation strategy: Set different sowing rates according to different sowing seasons. The sowing rate from April to July is 30 kg / ha, with the initial planting density target of 800 plants per square meter. The sowing rate from November to February of the following year is 45 kg / ha; S4: Dynamic monitoring and supplementary sowing management: Implement two-year monitoring and management after sowing; S41: For the areas sown from April to July, monitor the germination rate monthly since sowing. If it is lower than 60%, supplement 50% of the initial sowing amount, and simultaneously monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora. Once discovered, it shall be immediately removed; S42: For the areas sown from November to February of the following year, start monitoring since the Scirpus mariqueter germinates. If the germination rate is lower than 60%, supplement 50% of the initial sowing amount, and at the same time monitor the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora. Once discovered, it shall be immediately removed; S5: Evaluation index system for restoration effectiveness: Conduct ecological restoration evaluation after two years of continuous monitoring after sowing. The indicators include but are not limited to: habitat improvement, vegetation coverage rate, aboveground biomass, plant height, density, growth potential, soil carbon storage, community stability, and waterbird utilization.

2. The method for efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep plowing treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the above S1, the mass ratio of Scirpus mariqueter seeds to sand in the pretreated seed mixture is 1:

4.

3. The method for efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep plowing treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the above S1, after the mixture is wetted with water and left standing for 48 hours, the humidity of the mixture is controlled at 40%.

4. The method for efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep ploughing treatment according to claim 1, wherein In the above S2, the seed sowing should be completed within the low tide period before the first high tide after the deep plowing treatment.

5. The method for efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep plowing treatment according to claim 1, wherein In the above S4, the removal methods for the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora include but are not limited to manual removal to ensure immediate treatment after recurrence.

6. The method for efficient restoration and management of Scirpus mariqueter in coastal wetlands after deep ploughing treatment according to claim 1, wherein In the above S5, the vegetation coverage rate is not less than 85%, the aboveground biomass is not less than 500 g / m², and the annual average increase in soil carbon storage is 0.2 - 0.3 tons / ha.

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