Slope farmland corn and peanut intercropping interannual rotation minimal tillage three-dimensional anti-corrosion planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope farmland corn and peanut intercropping inter-annual rotation minimal tillage three-dimensional anti-corrosion planting method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. On the slope cropland, a corn and peanut intercropping planting mode is adopted, and the planting ridge direction is parallel to the contour line; a corn-peanut strip-shaped intercropping mode is adopted, the row ratio is 2: 6-2: 10, and the intercropping width is (2 + 6-2 + 10) * ridge spacing; during sowing, 6-10 ridges of peanuts are planted on the slope, 2 ridges of corns are continuously planted, 6-10 ridges of peanuts are continuously planted, 2 ridges of corns are continuously planted, and the like, and strip-shaped intercropping planting is performed; during harvesting, corn stubbles and straws cover peanut strips after harvesting, and slope cropland soil is protected; during sowing in the next year, two-ridge staggered sowing is adjusted on the slope or under the slope, intercropping in-band crop rotation, original peanut crop rotation no-tillage sowing and original corn crop rotation rotary tillage peanut sowing are achieved, less tillage is avoided, and soil is protected. Water and soil loss of the slope cropland is effectively reduced, the land utilization efficiency is optimized, and the yield per unit area is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping corn and peanut in annual rotation with minimum tillage and three-dimensional erosion prevention on sloping farmland. Background Art

[0002] In the planting on sloping farmland, soil erosion has been a long-term problem troubling agricultural production. The barren soil, combined with multiple effects such as wind erosion and water erosion, has led to the decline of the soil quality on sloping farmland, affecting crop yields. In many areas (such as the semi-arid area in western Liaoning), only peanuts can be planted to obtain corresponding yields and benefits. However, although the traditional single planting method such as continuous peanut cropping can bring certain benefits to farmers, there are also huge risks in terms of sustainability. Since peanuts bear fruits underground and there is no residue on the ground surface after harvesting, the ground surface is exposed, which further exacerbates the soil erosion on sloping land, leading to a further decline in soil fertility, and then affecting the yield and quality of crops. In addition, the single-crop planting mode is also prone to the breeding of pests and diseases and the imbalance of soil nutrients. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a sustainable planting method that can effectively protect the soil on sloping farmland and improve land use efficiency and crop yields. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for intercropping corn and peanut in annual rotation with minimum tillage and three-dimensional erosion prevention on sloping farmland, which realizes the efficient utilization and sustainable development of sloping farmland by optimizing the planting mode and soil management measures.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for intercropping corn and peanut in annual rotation with minimum tillage and three-dimensional erosion prevention on sloping farmland according to the present invention is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: On the sloping farmland, introduce the three-dimensional planting mode of intercropping corn and peanut, with the planting ridge direction consistent with the contour line direction, forming a three-dimensional planting mode with height differences in space composed of different crops on the slope;

[0007] S2: Adopt the three-dimensional planting mode of narrow-band corn and wide-band peanut, with the row ratio of corn to peanut configured as 2:6 - 2:10, and the intercropping bandwidth being (2 + 6 - 2 + 10) × ridge distance;

[0008] S3: When sowing, plant 6 - 10 ridges of peanuts at the upper position of the slope, then continuously plant 2 ridges of corn, then continuously plant 6 - 10 ridges of peanuts, and then plant 2 ridges of corn, and so on for intercropping three-dimensional planting;

[0009] S4: During harvesting, leave a corn stubble of 30 - 35 cm. The stubble and root system are used to prevent wind erosion and protect the soil, and the corn straw is covered on the peanut strip after harvesting to protect the soil of the sloping cultivated land. After peanut fruit picking, the peanut vines are left in the field to fertilize the land or are baled and taken away for feeding.

[0010] S5: Annual rotation: When sowing in the following year, adjust the sowing of two ridges in a staggered manner up or down the slope, that is, plant peanuts in the original corn ridges to achieve rotation within the intercropping zone. The original peanut stubble is sown without tillage, and the original corn stubble is sown with peanuts by rotary tillage to achieve minimal tillage and protect the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, for the intercropping and three - dimensional planting of corn and peanuts, the row spacing is 50 cm or 60 cm, the overall width of the intercropping strip is 4 m to 7.2 m, the planting density of corn is 4000 - 4500 plants per mu, and the peanut density is about 20,000 plants per mu.

[0012] Furthermore, after harvesting, the high stubble and root system of corn are used to hold the soil and prevent wind and water erosion. If the corn straw has been baled and taken away according to needs, ryegrass is planted additionally for soil and water conservation in autumn, winter, and spring, and is directly returned to the field to fertilize the land in spring sowing.

[0013] Furthermore, adjust the planting ratio according to the slope. When the slope is 15° - 25°, adopt the 2:6 mode; when the slope is less than 15°, reduce the introduction ratio of corn and adopt the row ratio configuration of 2:8 or 2:10.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. By introducing corn for intercropping and three - dimensional planting technology in the peanut planting on sloping land, the present invention effectively reduces soil and water loss on sloping cultivated land, protects the soil of sloping cultivated land, improves land use efficiency, and increases the crop yield per unit area.

[0016] 2. The present invention adopts annual rotation and minimal tillage measures to reduce soil and water loss, improve soil fertility, and enhance the sustainable land use ability. And through straw covering and stubble protection measures, the soil erosion resistance and water retention ability are further enhanced.

[0017] 3. Through scientific planting patterns and soil management measures, the present invention realizes the efficient utilization and ecological protection of sloping cultivated land, and has significant economic and social benefits. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planting structure of the present invention in the first year.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cultivated land structure after autumn harvest in the first year of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the planting structure of the present invention in the second year.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram for comparing the soil erosion effects under the single cropping of peanuts on sloping land and the intercropping of corn and peanuts in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This shows the influence of different stubble heights of the present invention on the wind erosion amount.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a growth curve graph of the desorption rate of ammonium nitrogen in the soil after adopting the intercropping of corn and peanuts in the present invention over time. Specific implementation manners

[0024] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Embodiment: A method for annual rotation and minimum tillage three-dimensional erosion prevention planting of corn and peanuts in sloping farmland of the present invention. First, prepare the sloping farmland: clear weeds and stones from the sloping farmland to be planted to ensure the land is flat. The specific planting is carried out according to the following steps:

[0026] S1: Planting ridge direction: According to the topography of the sloping farmland, adopt the three-dimensional intercropping mode of corn and peanuts on the sloping farmland, plan the planting ridge direction along the contour line direction, and form a three-dimensional planting method with height differences in space formed by different crops on the slope to reduce the erosion of the soil by rainwater scouring.

[0027] S2: Row ratio configuration and intercropping bandwidth design: Adopt the three-dimensional intercropping mode of narrow strip of corn and wide strip of peanuts, configure corn and peanuts according to the row ratio of 2:6 - 2:10, that is, every 2 rows of corn and 6 - 10 rows of peanuts form an intercropping unit. Select a ridge distance of 50 cm or 60 cm according to the local conventional ridge distance, calculate the intercropping bandwidth as [(2 + 6) - (2 + 10)] × ridge distance, and control the overall intercropping strip width between 4 m and 7.2 m. The planting density of corn is 4000 - 4500 plants per mu, and the peanut density is about 20,000 plants per mu.

[0028] S3: Sowing method: Start from the upper position on the slope, plant 6 - 10 ridges of peanuts at the upper position on the slope, then continue to plant 2 ridges of corn, then continue to plant 6 - 10 ridges of peanuts, and then plant 2 ridges of corn, and so on, to form a three-dimensional intercropping planting mode; taking 2:6 as an example, the same applies to others, that is: first plant 6 ridges of peanuts, then continue to plant 2 ridges of corn, then plant 6 ridges of peanuts, and then plant 2 ridges of corn, and so on, to form a three-dimensional intercropping planting mode. During the sowing process, mechanized sowing equipment can be used to improve the sowing efficiency and accuracy.

[0029] S4: Harvesting and Soil Conservation: During harvesting, leave the corn stubble at a height of 30 - 35 cm. The stubble and roots are used to hold the soil in place to prevent wind and water erosion, and to protect the soil from water and soil loss. Evenly cover the peanut strips after harvesting with corn straw to further reduce the evaporation of water from the exposed soil and wind and water erosion, and protect the soil on the sloping cultivated land. After peanut shelling, leave the peanut vines in the field to fertilize the land or bale them and remove them for animal feed. After harvesting, if the corn straw has been baled and removed from the field as needed, then plant ryegrass for soil and water conservation in autumn, winter and spring, or directly return it to the field as fertilizer in spring sowing.

[0030] S5: Interannual Crop Rotation and Reduced Tillage Measures: When sowing in the following year, adjust the planting strips two ridges out of alignment uphill or downhill, that is, plant peanuts in the original corn ridges and plant corn in the original peanut ridges to achieve crop rotation within the intercropping zone. For the original peanut stubble, use no-till sowing method and directly sow on the stubble. For the original corn stubble, use rotary tillage sowing method to reduce the turning of the soil and protect the soil structure.

[0031] The present invention adjusts the planting ratio according to the slope. When the slope is 15° - 25°, the 2:6 mode is adopted; when the slope is less than 15°, reduce the introduction ratio of corn and adopt the row ratio configuration of 2:8 or 2:10.

[0032] Based on long-term positioning experiments and field experiments, compared with the traditional single cropping and continuous cropping of peanuts on sloping land, the present invention has the following effects:

[0033] (1) Significantly improve crop yield and land productivity (LER)

[0034] Screening of intercropping patterns with different ratios. By setting different intercropping ratios of corn and peanuts at 2:2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10, we identified the most suitable intercropping patterns for corn and peanuts on sloping land. The results in Table 1 show that with increasing peanut ratios, corn strip yields initially decreased and then increased. However, considering the land area ratio of corn under intercropping conditions, the average yield of corn also decreased. Peanut yield increased with increasing ratios, and considering the land area ratio, the average yield of peanuts continued to increase. Regarding local peanut yield security, the land equivalent ratios (LERs) for the 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 ratios were relatively high, at 0.65, 0.73, and 0.69, respectively. The land equivalent ratios (LERs) for the 2:2, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 ratios were all high, at 1.29, 1.22, 1.22, and 1.10, respectively. Further research on farmers' planting results revealed that more than half of farmers understand the advantages of intercropping corn and peanuts and prefer using equal row ratios and wider strips, such as 4:4, 6:6, and 8:8, on dry flat land. On dry slopes, over 85% of farmers prefer using wide peanut intercropping methods, such as 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10. Therefore, the row ratio configurations of 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 involved in the present method can not only increase corn strip area yield through ventilation and light transmission, but also reduce the adverse effects on peanut yield, significantly improving the land productivity of the intercropping system. This also meets the farmers' preferences and is more conducive to its widespread application.

[0035] Table 1 Crop yield and land productivity (LER) of different corn and peanut intercropping ratios

[0036]

[0037] Table 2 Farmer survey feedback form

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] (2) Significantly improve crop yield and land use efficiency on the lower slopes

[0041] As can be seen from Table 3, for sloping land, the effects on the upper, middle, and lower slopes are significantly different. The intercropping method of the present invention can significantly reduce soil erosion, protect the soil, and increase the land equivalent ratio of the lower slope through the root barrier and erosion prevention effect of corn. The land equivalent ratios of the lower slope of the two sample plots were 1.41 and 1.27, respectively. While effectively intercepting soil loss, the crop yield and land use efficiency of the intercropping system were improved.

[0042] Table 3 Differences in corn and peanut intercropping yield and land productivity at different locations on sloping farmland

[0043]

[0044] (3)Effectively prevent soil and water loss on sloping land

[0045] Through the experimental treatments during the entire growth period, it was found that under the conditions of monoculture and continuous cropping of peanuts, the thickness of the topsoil layer at the lower slope position remained at 7 cm, while under the three-dimensional intercropping of corn and peanuts, the topsoil thickness reached 17 cm. This shows that the three-dimensional intercropping of corn and peanuts can effectively intercept the soil eroded from the upper slope and play the role of thickening the fertile soil layer. As Figure 4 shown, it is a schematic diagram comparing the soil and water loss effects between monoculture of peanuts on sloping land and three-dimensional intercropping of corn and peanuts.

[0046] (4)Effectively reduce wind erosion on sloping land

[0047] Further through the wind erosion experiment, it was found that as shown in Table 4, after the traditional stubble cleaning treatment, the soil wind erosion amount was 84.4 g / m2, the treatment of leaving high stubble decreased to 62.2 g / m2, and the effect of leaving high stubble + straw mulching was better, being 46.4 g / m2. Also, planting grass during the fallow period can effectively reduce wind erosion and increase soil retention. Therefore, leaving high stubble + straw mulching and planting grass during the fallow period are the best ways to prevent wind erosion and strengthen soil fixation. Further research was conducted on the optimal stubble height( Figure 5 ). Through the experiment, it was found that as the stubble height increased, the wind erosion amount showed an obvious decreasing trend. When it reached 45 - 50 cm, the degree of change in the effect decreased, and the difference in wind erosion amount was not significant. Considering the operability and convenience of agricultural machinery for cutting straw, and at the same time taking into account leaving enough straw for mulching, the relatively optimal stubble height of 30 - 35 cm was finally selected.

[0048] Table 4 Effects of different straw retention methods on soil wind erosion amount

[0049]

[0050] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the p = 0.05 level.

[0051] (5)Contribute to the storage of soil nutrients and reduce the loss of key soil nutrients

[0052] Through the 9-year long-term fixed-position experiment on the intercropping of corn and peanuts, it was found that for the soils treated with different planting patterns (M2 monoculture of corn, P2 monoculture of peanuts, I2 intercropping of corn and peanuts), the desorption amounts of nitrogen changed differently over time. As Figure 6 can be seen, generally, the desorption rate of ammonium nitrogen in the soil decreased from large to small over time. The desorption rate was the fastest at the beginning of the reaction (0 - 2 h), followed by 2 - 4 h, and the desorption rate decreased significantly from 4 h to 12 h until the desorption reaction gradually tended to equilibrium at 24 h. Generally, the nitrogen desorption amount of the soil under monoculture of peanuts was higher than that of the soils under other planting patterns, which also indicates that the soil fertility retention ability of peanuts under long-term monoculture is poor, while intercropping can effectively alleviate this phenomenon.

[0053] The method of the present invention can prevent corrosion and solidify soil, protect soil resources, prevent loss, and is more acceptable to farmers.

[0054] Parts not described in detail in this application are all existing conventional technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0055] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only for explaining the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An annual rotation and minimum tillage three-dimensional erosion prevention planting method for intercropping corn and peanuts on sloping cultivated land, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: On sloping cultivated land, introduce the three-dimensional intercropping mode of corn and peanut. The planting ridge direction is consistent with the contour line direction, and a three-dimensional planting method with height differences in space composed of different crops is formed on the slope. S2: Adopt the three-dimensional intercropping mode of narrow-band corn and wide-band peanut. The row ratio of corn to peanut is configured as 2:6 - 2:10, and the intercropping bandwidth is (2 + 6 - 2 + 10) × ridge spacing. S3: When sowing, plant 6 - 10 ridges of peanuts at the upper position of the slope, then continuously plant 2 ridges of corn, then continuously plant 6 - 10 ridges of peanuts, and then plant 2 ridges of corn, and so on for intercropping and three-dimensional planting. S4: When harvesting, leave the corn stubble at 30 - 35 cm. The stubble and roots are used to prevent wind erosion and protect the soil. The corn straw is covered on the peanut strip after harvesting to protect the soil of the sloping cultivated land. After the peanuts are shelled, the peanut vines are left in the field to fertilize the land or are baled and taken out of the field for forage use. S5: Annual rotation: When sowing in the following year, adjust the sowing by staggering two ridges up or down the slope, that is, plant peanuts in the original corn ridge to achieve rotation within the intercropping belt. The original peanut stubble is sown without tillage, and the original corn stubble is sown with peanuts after rotary tillage to achieve minimum tillage and protect the soil.

2. The annual rotation and minimum tillage three-dimensional erosion prevention planting method for intercropping corn and peanut on sloping cultivated land according to claim 1, wherein: For the three-dimensional intercropping of the said corn and peanut, the ridge spacing is 50 cm or 60 cm, the overall width of the intercropping strip is 4 m to 7.2 m, the planting density of corn is 4000 - 4500 plants per mu, and the density of peanuts is about 20,000 plants per mu.

3. The annual intercropping and rotation with reduced tillage and three-dimensional erosion prevention planting method for corn and peanut in sloping cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: After harvesting, the high stubble and roots of corn are used to hold the soil and prevent wind erosion and water erosion. If the corn straw has been baled and taken out of the field as needed, then ryegrass is planted additionally for soil and water conservation in autumn, winter and spring, and is directly returned to the field to fertilize the land in spring sowing.

4. The annual intercropping and rotation with minimum tillage three-dimensional erosion prevention planting method of corn and peanut in sloping cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjust the planting ratio according to the slope. When the slope is 15° - 25°, adopt the 2:6 mode; when the slope is less than 15°, reduce the introduction ratio of corn and adopt the row ratio configuration of 2:8 or 2:10.

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