Lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material and preparation and use methods thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a light plastering gypsum mortar material and a preparation and use method thereof. The invention discloses linear sliding rail double-pulling-pressing lining placing equipment which comprises a double-ironing table module. The double-ironing-table module comprises a movable ironing plate, a penetrating pipe used for being connected with pressing lining cloth in a penetrating mode is arranged below the ironing plate, and the ironing plate can make pressing contact with the cloth on the penetrating pipe. The lining placing module comprises a supporting frame and a lining disc, the lining disc is rotationally arranged on the supporting frame, and the lining disc is used for placing a lining cloth roll; the moving module comprises a lining cloth cutting mechanism and a lining cloth stretching mechanism, the cutting mechanism comprises an electric cutter, the electric cutter is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the lining cloth and can horizontally move to cut the lining cloth, and the lining cloth stretching mechanism is used for pulling the lining cloth to the position above the pipe penetrating cloth; through cooperation of the lining placing module, the moving module and the double-ironing table module, the problems that in the lining pressing process, trouser legs move and wrinkle, lining cloth and the trouser legs are not tightly attached, and bubbles or wrinkles exist are solved, and the overall attractiveness and quality of clothes are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plastering gypsum mortar materials, in particular to a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material and its preparation and use methods. Background Art

[0002] At present, the plastering materials used for building interior walls are divided into two types: cement-based and gypsum-based plastering. Among them, the cement-based plastering materials have large dry shrinkage and are prone to problems such as cracking. The commonly used gypsum-based plastering materials are divided into β hemihydrate gypsum-based plastering materials and anhydrous gypsum-based plastering materials. With the development of the construction industry, plastering gypsum is widely used in industrial and civil buildings because of its good workability, fluidity and water retention performance, excellent heat insulation and sound insulation properties, appropriate fire resistance, dense and flat wall surface, ability to bond with any substrate, ability to adjust indoor humidity, and no thickness limitation. It is a wall plastering and leveling material with good material properties, construction performance and use functions. Plastering gypsum is a high-efficiency and energy-saving building interior wall and ceiling plastering material processed with gypsum as the main binder, adding sand, certain admixtures and special compound additives, and is widely used for the leveling and decoration of interior walls and roof slabs.

[0003] In the prior art, a Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN113213808B and the name of an additive for plastering gypsum and its preparation method and plastering gypsum provides a gypsum material with a large amount of crystal water to reduce the cracking phenomenon after later plastering. This kind of gypsum contains a large amount of crystal water, so too much water cannot be incorporated during stirring and plastering to prevent problems such as not sticking to the wall and slow drying and setting. However, just because less water is incorporated, the stirring and construction are difficult and it is not easy to plaster. Moreover, in addition to this, it is not easy to grasp the balance between the two properties of the wall-hanging property and fluidity of the existing plastering gypsum, and it is not easy to construct. Either the fluidity is good, it is not easy to stick to the wall, it is easy to fall off and difficult to quickly set; or the wall-hanging property is good, but it is not easy to plaster. In addition, the strength and hardness of the later gypsum wall are not enough, and the surface is easy to be knocked and ashified. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material and its preparation and use methods to solve the problems that it is not easy to grasp the balance between the two properties of the wall-hanging property and fluidity of the existing plastering gypsum, not easy to construct, and the strength and hardness of the gypsum wall are not enough, and the surface is easy to be knocked and ashified.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material, comprising components in the following mass percentages: 75 - 80% of mortar base material, 6 - 10% of calcined vermiculite powder, 5 - 10% of expanded microspheres, 2 - 5% of borax, 4 - 6% of additive, and 1 - 3% of reinforcing agent. The additive comprises an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate, and humic acid complex in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 - 1.5:1.8 - 2.

[0007] A further technical solution is that the reinforcing agent is polyethylene oxide.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the humic acid complex comprises 0.3 - 0.5% of sodium humate, 10 - 12% of building material fiber waste liquid, and 7.2 - 15.7% of papermaking waste liquid.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the mortar base material comprises components in the following mass percentages: 70 - 80% of desulfurized gypsum, 6 - 10% of lightweight aggregate, 5 - 8% of heavy calcium carbonate, 1.5 - 3% of cellulose ether, 3 - 5% of thickening agent, 2 - 3% of thixotropic agent, 1.5 - 3% of starch ether, and 0.1 - 0.5% of air-entraining agent.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the thixotropic agent is at least one of fumed silica and polyamide wax powder.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the thickening agent is at least one of rubber powder and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the calcined vermiculite powder is obtained by calcining silver-white vermiculite at 800 - 1000 °C and then pulverizing it.

[0013] A preparation method of a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material for preparing the lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Mix the mortar base material, calcined vermiculite powder, expanded microspheres, and borax according to the mass percentages and bag them to obtain a main material bag.

[0015] S2. Bag and seal the additive and the reinforcing agent respectively according to the mass percentage relationship with the main material bag to obtain two auxiliary material bags, namely a liquid material bag and a powder material bag, and place them inside the main material bag in S1 for encapsulation.

[0016] S3. Attach a usage method to the outer package of the main material bag.

[0017] A method of using a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material. Use the lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material as claimed in claim 7. Pre-mix the liquid material with water to obtain a mixed liquid. At the same time, pour the main material bag material into a shearing mixer and add the mixed liquid for stirring. The water-cement ratio is 0.5 - 1:1, and the stirring time is 5 - 10 minutes. Then start plastering and scraping on the wall to make it flat. After waiting for the surface of the wall plastering gypsum mortar material to dry, finally spray the reinforcing agent mixed with water on the surface of the wall plastering gypsum mortar material.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, at least one of the following beneficial effects can be achieved by the present invention:

[0019] The present invention provides a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material. The material incorporates calcined vermiculite powder, which, due to its water absorption, cation exchangeability, and chemical composition characteristics, plays a role in water retention, water storage, and air permeability, preventing the gypsum from cracking due to excessive drying. Moreover, it can also serve as a friction filler in the material, improving the stability of the friction coefficient, enhancing the wall-hanging property and shaping ability of the material. Additionally, vermiculite powder itself has characteristics such as heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, corrosion resistance, light weight, low thermal conductivity, and strong adsorption performance, comprehensively improving the material properties. The material also adds expanded microspheres to reduce the material density, making it light and easy to apply on the wall. Moreover, relying on the property that gypsum releases heat when encountering water, the expanded microspheres can absorb heat and expand, and set when cooled. Especially when plastering on the wall, they can fill the gaps on the wall surface and ensure the close adhesion between the gypsum and the wall, guaranteeing the wall-hanging performance.

[0020] Borax reduces the expansion coefficient of gypsum, improves its thermal stability, chemical stability, and mechanical strength, and assists the reinforcing agent to further increase the hardness of gypsum. Borax also plays a retarding role therein, facilitating the reduction in the use of retarders. The incorporation of borax changes the crystal morphology of gypsum dihydrate, making the surface of the gypsum smoother and more delicate. Similarly, the short and thick crystals also contribute to the increase in the strength of gypsum.

[0021] The organosiloxane in the additive can remove the bubbles generated during the stirring of the gypsum material, preventing the formation of bulges and pores. Sodium xylene sulfonate is used as a coupling agent, hydrotropic agent, homogenizing agent, and dispersing agent, and it reduces the cloud point and viscosity, effectively solubilizing and reducing viscosity, facilitating stirring and plastering on the wall. The flexural strength of gypsum products incorporating humic acid and its salts is increased by 1.35 - 1.97 times, and the compressive strength is increased by 1.31 - 2.23 times compared to gypsum products formed by mixing with pure water. Moreover, it has temporary and good fluidity during stirring and plastering on the wall. Therefore, the additive balances the wall-hanging property and fluidity of the gypsum material, facilitating construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a physical picture after plastering the plastering gypsum mortar material in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 isFigure 1 Enlarged view of the physical object.

[0024] Figure 3 For Figure 1 Physical object after being polished with sandpaper.

[0025] Figure 4 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Example 5 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Example 6 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 Physical object after applying the plastering gypsum mortar material in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Example 1: Mortar base material 80%, calcined vermiculite powder 6%, expanded microspheres 5%, borax 3%, additive 4% and reinforcing agent 2%. The additive includes an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:2.

[0034] Example 2: Mortar base material 78%, calcined vermiculite powder 7%, expanded microspheres 5%, borax 4%, additive 4% and reinforcing agent 2%. The additive includes an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:2.

[0035] Example 3: 77% of mortar base material, 8% of calcined vermiculite powder, 5% of expanded microspheres, 3% of borax, 5% of additive, and 2% of reinforcing agent. The additive includes an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate, and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:2.

[0036] Example 4: 77% of mortar base material, 8% of calcined vermiculite powder, 6% of expanded microspheres, 2% of borax, 5% of additive, and 2% of reinforcing agent. The additive includes an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate, and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:2.

[0037] Example 5: 76% of mortar base material, 9% of calcined vermiculite powder, 5% of expanded microspheres, 2% of borax, 5% of additive, and 3% of reinforcing agent. The additive includes an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate, and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:2.

[0038] Example 6: 75% of mortar base material, 9% of calcined vermiculite powder, 6% of expanded microspheres, 2% of borax, 5% of additive, and 3% of reinforcing agent. The additive includes an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate, and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:2.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: 80% of mortar base material, 8% of calcined vermiculite powder, 8% of expanded microspheres, 4% of borax;

[0040] Comparative Example 2: Mortar base material.

[0041] The mortar base material in Comparative Example 2 can use plastering gypsum gb / t28627 - 2023 on the market, which is mainly made by mixing gel material, lightweight aggregate, heavy calcium as filler, and supplemented with functional additives such as retarder, (HPMC), etc. according to a certain formula.

[0042] In addition, in order to adapt to the changes brought by the other components of the plastering gypsum material, the plastering gypsum mortar material used in the examples can be formulated according to the following component ratios. For example, 75% of desulfurized gypsum, 8% of lightweight aggregate, 6% of heavy calcium, 2% of cellulose ether, 4% of thickening agent, 2% of thixotropic agent, 2.5% of starch ether, and 0.5% of air-entraining agent.

[0043] In the above-mentioned plastering gypsum mortar material, the use of the remaining materials (mainly additives), lightweight aggregate, and heavy calcium is greatly reduced. One is to cooperate with the introduction of other new components, and the other is to avoid excessive introduction of materials such as heavy calcium, which may cause the gypsum to solidify quickly and make it inconvenient to scrape on the wall.

[0044] Test the setting time, flexural strength, and compressive strength of the above-prepared gypsum-based plastering mortar according to the method specified in GB / T28627 - 2012 "Plastering Gypsum", as shown in Table 1-1 below.

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] After plastering the wall with the gypsum materials in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2, as Figure 1 、 Figures 5 - 10 shown, and combined with Table 1-1, it can be seen that the surface of the gypsum product in Example 1 is the most delicate. Because the gypsum content is the highest, the mechanical strength is reduced and the setting time is longer. The surface of the gypsum product in Example 6 is the roughest and the color is darker with a pinkish white hue because there is more calcined vermiculite powder in it. At the same time, because of the vermiculite powder (vermiculite will expand when calcined, increasing by 6 to 15 times, and up to 30 times in some cases), combined with expanded microspheres, the texture is lighter. Also, because of the increase in the reinforcing agent, the surface hardness is the highest. When plastering the wall, the vermiculite powder in the gypsum material in Example 6 acts as a friction filler, so on the basis of ensuring fluidity, it is easy to adhere to the wall. In addition, for the gypsum products with humic acid (humic acid) and its salts introduced in each group of examples, the flexural strength is increased by 1.35 to 1.97 times and the compressive strength is increased by 1.31 to 2.23 times compared with the gypsum products formed by mixing with pure water. Moreover, it has temporary and good fluidity during stirring and plastering the wall. Therefore, the additive balances the wall adhesion and fluidity of the gypsum material, facilitating construction.

[0048] According to Figure 1 、 Figures 4 - 10 the physical pictures, it can be clearly seen that the surface quality of each gypsum is different, especially the delicacy. Classified according to the surface quality (graded from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best delicacy), the surface delicacy of the gypsum in Example 1 and Example 2 is the best, being 5; although the surface of the gypsum in Example 3 is slightly rough, it is 4; the surface delicacy of Example 4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is 3 because the gypsum content is relatively high and the addition of other materials is less. Since the gypsum powder itself is delicate, the surface of the gypsum product is also relatively delicate; the delicacy of the gypsum in Example 5 is 2, and the delicacy of the gypsum in Example 6 is 1 because the addition of other materials increases and the gypsum powder decreases, so the surface is rough.

[0049] After plastering the wall with the gypsum materials in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2, as Figure 1 、 Figures 5 - 10 shown, the hardness of Example 6 is the largest, being 5 levels. There is more calcined vermiculite powder in it, which acts as an aggregate to enhance the structural performance. There is more expanded microspheres used to fill the gaps and also enhance the product structure. Borax, additives and reinforcing agents all enhance the structure from the aspect of product particle size; the hardness of Example 5 is 4; the hardness of Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 is 3; the hardness of Example 1 and Example 2 is 2; the hardness of Comparative Example 2 is 1, which is also caused by the ratio changes of calcined vermiculite powder, expanded microspheres, borax, additives and reinforcing agents.

[0050] The added borax can introduce B2O3 into gypsum. The function of the B2O3 component is to reduce the expansion coefficient of gypsum, improve its thermal stability, chemical stability and mechanical strength, and assist the additive to further increase the hardness of gypsum. Building gypsum easily sets when it meets water. Borax also plays a retarding role in it. The addition of borax will change the crystal morphology of dihydrate gypsum, making the morphology of dihydrate gypsum change from needle-shaped to short columnar, the crystal size is significantly coarsened, the connection between crystals is not smooth, the setting time is prolonged, and the short and thick crystals will inevitably bring about the refinement or differentiation of crystals. In this way, when grinding, the surface of gypsum is relatively smooth and delicate. Similarly, the short and thick crystals will also increase the strength of gypsum.

[0051] The basic structure of humic acid macromolecules is aromatic rings and aliphatic rings, and functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinone group, and methoxy group are connected to the rings. It has functions such as exchange, adsorption, complexation, and chelation with metal ions, and acts as a polyelectrolyte in the dispersion system, with functions such as coagulation, peptization, and dispersion. There are also a certain number of free radicals on the humic acid molecule, which have physiological activity.

[0052] Vermiculite, humic acid and borax play a common role in promoting the fluidity of gypsum. Borax will break the gypsum crystals, and dihydrate gypsum is in a separated and dispersed state. The functional groups of humic acid macromolecules have adsorption, complexation and chelation effects on calcium ions. Vermiculite has a relatively high layer charge number, so it has a relatively high cation exchange capacity and strong cation exchange adsorption ability. The three play a synergistic and mutually promoting role on gypsum, further preventing the setting and calcification of gypsum, which also ensures the fluidity of gypsum. Because it promotes the flow from the inside of gypsum and plays a retarding role, less water is used, the water-cement ratio is reduced, which is beneficial to rapid drying, and the gypsum with a small water-cement ratio is convenient for wall application. Calcined vermiculite powder has an increased expansion gap and increased water absorption and water retention performance. Generally, gypsum will precipitate and separate water and cement after long-term placement. Increasing the calcined vermiculite powder will reduce or decrease this phenomenon. More water is retained in the water-absorbing and expanding vermiculite powder. It absorbs more water and releases water when there is a lack of water. On the other hand, when plastering the wall, it can prevent the plastering gypsum from being too thin due to excessive water content, and will not affect the plastering and wall application. Expanded microspheres can also continuously absorb water and expand, making up for shrinkage and filling the gaps with the wall.

[0053] The humic acid solution has a certain acidity and can neutralize the PH of gypsum.

[0054] Vermiculite powder will also increase the fire resistance of gypsum, reduce the thermal conductivity, and will also have sound insulation, water absorption and moisture-proof functions after expansion.

[0055] A preparation method of a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Mix the mortar base material, calcined vermiculite powder, expanded microspheres and borax according to the mass percentage and bag them to obtain the main material bag;

[0057] S2. Respectively bag and seal the additive and the reinforcing agent according to the mass percentage relationship with the main material bag to obtain two auxiliary material bags, namely the liquid material and the powder material, and place them inside the main material bag in S1 for packaging;

[0058] S3. Attach the usage method to the outer package of the main material bag.

[0059] A usage method of a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material. Use the lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material. Pre-mix the liquid material with water to obtain a mixed liquid. At the same time, pour the material of the main material bag into a shearing mixer and add the mixed liquid for stirring. The water-cement ratio is 0.5 - 1:1, and the stirring time is 5 - 10 min. Then start to apply it on the wall and scrape it flat. After waiting for the surface of the wall plaster mortar material to dry, finally spray the reinforcing agent with water on the surface of the wall plaster mortar material.

[0060] Add the reinforcing agent to water, and spray 1% polyethylene oxide aqueous solution on the gypsum, which can increase its surface hardness, have good wear resistance and high strength. Especially for the polished gypsum wall surface, it can be used as a means to make up for the hardness in the later stage, and prepare for rolling and brushing paint and pasting wall cloth.

[0061] It should be noted that when applying artistic paint or pasting wall cloth, any one of the gypsum product formulas such as in Embodiments 1 - 6 can be selected according to actual needs to achieve an appropriate roughness and facilitate the application of paint and wall cloth on the wall.

[0062] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material, characterized in that, It comprises components with the following mass percentages: 75 - 80% of mortar base material, 6 - 10% of calcined vermiculite powder, 5 - 10% of expanded microspheres, 2 - 5% of borax, 4 - 6% of additive, and 1 - 3% of reinforcing agent. The additive comprises an organosiloxane, sodium xylene sulfonate, and humic acid complex with a mass ratio of 1:1.2 - 1.5:1.8 - 2.

2. The light plastering gypsum mortar material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing agent is polyethylene oxide.

3. The light plastering gypsum mortar material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humic acid complex comprises 0.3 - 0.5% of sodium humate, 10 - 12% of building material fiber waste liquid, 7.2 - 15.7% of papermaking waste liquid, and the balance is water.

4. The light plastering gypsum mortar material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mortar base material comprises components with the following mass percentages: 70 - 80% of desulfurized gypsum, 6 - 10% of light aggregate, 5 - 8% of heavy calcium carbonate, 1.5 - 3% of cellulose ether, 3 - 5% of thickener, 2 - 3% of thixotropic agent, 1.5 - 3% of starch ether, and 0.1 - 0.5% of air-entraining agent.

5. The light plastering gypsum mortar material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thixotropic agent is at least one of fumed silica and polyamide wax powder.

6. The light plaster gypsum mortar material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickener is at least one of rubber powder and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

7. The light plastering gypsum mortar material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calcined vermiculite powder is obtained by calcining silver-white vermiculite at 800 - 1000 °C and then pulverizing it.

8. A preparation method of a lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material for preparing the lightweight plastering gypsum mortar material according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the mortar base material, calcined vermiculite powder, expanded microspheres, and borax according to the mass percentages and bag them to obtain a main material bag. S2. Bag and seal the additive and the reinforcing agent respectively according to the mass percentage relationship with the main material bag to obtain two auxiliary material bags, namely a liquid material bag and a powder material bag, and place them inside the main material bag in S1 for packaging. S3. Attach the usage method to the outer package of the main material bag.

9. A method for using a lightweight plaster mortar material, characterized in that: When using the light plastering gypsum mortar material as claimed in claim 7, pre-mix the liquid material with water to obtain a mixed liquid. At the same time, pour the material in the main material bag into a shearing mixer and add the mixed liquid for stirring. The water-cement ratio is 0.5 - 1:1, and the stirring time is 5 - 10 min. Then start plastering on the wall to make it flat. After waiting for the surface of the wall plastering gypsum mortar material to dry, finally spray the reinforcing agent diluted with water on the surface of the wall plastering gypsum mortar material.

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