Rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device and method, and relates to the field of rare earth metal electrolysis devices. A rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device comprises an electrolytic bath and further comprises a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity which are all arranged in the electrolytic bath, and the first cavity is located below the second cavity and the third cavity; the plurality of groups of electric heating wires are arranged in the electrolytic bath, and the electric heating wires are used for heating the interior of the second chamber and the interior of the third chamber; the second chamber is arranged in the electrolytic cell for primary roasting of the oxide raw materials, moisture and impurities of the raw materials can be effectively reduced, the density and granularity of the materials are reduced, the raw materials are more suitable for electrolytic reaction, meanwhile, when the raw materials with the high temperature are put into the furnace body, the influence on the temperature of the furnace body is small, and the temperature in the electrolytic cell can be maintained to be stable; the electrolytic product quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rare earth metal electrolysis devices, and more specifically, relates to a rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of rare earth metal electrolysis, precise control of the electrolysis temperature is crucial for product quality and production efficiency.

[0003] Currently, there are many deficiencies in the process of treating rare earth metals with traditional rare earth metal electrolysis devices. In particular, there is a lack of effective pretreatment for oxide raw materials before they enter the electrolytic cell. Firstly, there is a possibility that the raw materials have more moisture and impurities, and their density and particle size are relatively large. Due to the high moisture content of the raw materials, during the electrolysis process, the evaporation of moisture will absorb a large amount of heat, resulting in local temperature fluctuations in the electrolytic cell and affecting the stability of the electrolysis reaction; the presence of impurities may cause side reactions with rare earth metals, reducing the product purity. The relatively large density and particle size of the raw materials make it difficult for them to be evenly distributed in the electrolytic cell, hindering ion migration, and thus being unfavorable for the efficient progress of the electrolysis reaction. This not only is not conducive to the progress of the electrolysis reaction, but also has a greater impact on the temperature inside the furnace when charging into the furnace body, and it is difficult to maintain a stable electrolysis temperature.

[0004] On the other hand, graphite anodes are usually directly put into use without sufficient preheating, which affects their service life and electrolysis efficiency, and there are certain deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a rare earth metal electrolysis device that can overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device, including an electrolytic cell, and further including: Chamber One, Chamber Two, and Chamber Three, all arranged inside the electrolytic cell, and Chamber One is located below Chamber Two and Chamber Three; multiple groups of electric heating wires, all arranged inside the electrolytic cell, and the electric heating wires are used to heat Chamber Two and Chamber Three; a grinding assembly, arranged inside Chamber Two, and the grinding assembly is used to grind the oxide raw materials inside Chamber Two and cooperate with the electric heating wires to roast the ground oxide raw materials; a conveying assembly, arranged inside the electrolytic cell, and used to convey the roasted oxide raw materials inside Chamber Two to Chamber Three for reheating.

[0007] Further, the grinding assembly includes a first motor, a rotating grinding block, and a fixed grinding block. The first motor is fixedly connected inside the electrolytic cell. The fixed grinding block is rotatably connected inside Chamber Two and is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor. The fixed grinding block is fixedly connected inside Chamber Two. Through the rotating grinding block and the fixed grinding block, the oxide raw material can be ground.

[0008] Furthermore, multiple stirring rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating grinding block.

[0009] Still further, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of Chamber Two. The discharge port is communicated with the feed port of the conveying assembly. A feed port is provided on Chamber Two. An air pipe is provided inside Chamber Two for conveying nitrogen. Multiple air jet ports are connected to the air pipe.

[0010] Further, a cavity is provided inside the rotating grinding block. The two ends of the cavity are respectively a suction port and a discharge port. A first auger is fixedly connected inside the cavity. One end of the first auger is located inside the suction port.

[0011] Furthermore, the conveying assembly includes a second auger and a third auger. Both the second auger and the third auger are rotatably connected inside the electrolytic cell. The second auger is horizontally arranged and its feed end is communicated with the discharge port. The third auger is vertically arranged and its feed end is communicated with the discharge end of the second auger. The second auger is used for horizontally conveying the oxide raw material, and the third auger is used for vertically conveying the oxide raw material into Chamber Three.

[0012] Also further, a second motor is fixedly connected to the electrolytic cell. The output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the second auger. A first gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor. A second gear is meshed with the first gear. A stirring shaft is fixedly connected to the second gear. The second gear is rotatably connected inside Chamber Three.

[0013] Further, a stirring rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor. A scraping rod that is in contact with the inner wall of Chamber Three is fixedly connected to the stirring rod. A discharge pipe and a connecting pipe are connected to the bottom of Chamber Three.

[0014] Furthermore, an anode and a graphite crucible are provided inside Chamber One. A cathode is placed directly below the anode. The bottom of the anode is a circular arc concave surface, and the top of the cathode is a circular arc convex surface. The circular arc concave surface of the anode corresponds to the circular arc convex surface of the cathode. The cathodes are arranged in parallel, and a diversion groove is formed at the connection. A high-temperature insulating layer is provided between the cathode and the graphite crucible. A cathode current conducting bar is placed below the cathode. A common insulating layer is installed outside the graphite crucible, and a refractory layer is built around the common insulating layer.

[0015] A method for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals, using a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals, includes the following operating steps: Step 1: Put rare earth oxide raw materials into Chamber 2, start the electric heating wire, heat Chamber 2 to 550°C, heat Chamber 3 to 1050°C, and then start the grinding assembly to grind the rare earth oxide raw materials; Step 2: Input nitrogen into the gas pipe, and finally the nitrogen will be ejected through the jet orifice; Step 3: Convey the ground and roasted rare earth oxides to Chamber 3 through a conveying device for secondary heating; Step 4: Convey the secondarily heated rare earth oxides to Chamber 1 for electrolysis reaction.

[0016] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: By setting Chamber 2 in the electrolytic cell for primary roasting of oxide raw materials, the present invention can effectively reduce the moisture and impurities of the raw materials, reduce the material density and particle size, make the raw materials more suitable for electrolysis reaction. At the same time, when the raw materials at a higher temperature are put into the furnace body, the influence on the furnace body temperature is small, which helps to maintain the stability of the temperature in the electrolytic cell and improve the quality of electrolysis products; and it can roast and preheat the graphite anode, so that it reaches a suitable temperature and state before entering the electrolysis reaction, which can reduce the damage to the graphite anode caused by factors such as sudden temperature changes, thereby extending its service life and reducing production costs. Description of the Drawings

[0017] In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 is a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals proposed by the present invention Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of part A in; Figure 3 is a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals proposed by the present invention Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of part B in; Figure 4 is a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals proposed by the present invention Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of part C in; Figure 5 is a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals proposed by the present invention Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of part D in; Figure 6 is a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals proposed by the present invention Figure 1 The schematic structural diagram of part E in.

[0018] In the figure: 1. electrolytic cell; 101. chamber one; 102. chamber two; 1021. feed inlet; 103. chamber three; 1031. discharge pipe; 1032. connecting pipe; 201. motor one; 202. rotating grinding block; 2021. suction port; 2022. discharge port; 203. auger one; 204. stirring rod; 205. fixed grinding block; 206. discharge opening; 2071. jet orifice; 2072. air pipe; 301. motor two; 302. auger two; 303. auger three; 3041. gear one; 3042. gear two; 305. stirring shaft; 306. stirring rod; 307. scraping rod; 4. electric heating wire; 501. anode; 502. cathode; 503. graphite crucible; 504. high-temperature insulating layer; 505. refractory layer; 506. cathode busbar; 507. common insulating layer; 508. flow guide groove. Specific implementation mode

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Embodiment

[0020] Refer to Figure 1-6 , a rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device, including an electrolytic cell 1, and further including: chamber one 101, chamber two 102, and chamber three 103, all arranged in the electrolytic cell 1, and chamber one 101 is located below chamber two 102 and chamber three 103; multiple groups of electric heating wires 4, all arranged in the electrolytic cell 1, and the electric heating wires 4 are used to heat chambers two 102 and three 103; a grinding assembly, arranged in chamber two 102, and the grinding assembly is used to grind the oxide raw material case in chamber two 102, and cooperate with the electric heating wires 4 to bake the ground oxide raw material; a conveying assembly, arranged in the electrolytic cell 1, and used to convey the baked oxide raw material in chamber two 102 to chamber three 103 for reheating.

[0021] The grinding assembly includes a first motor 201, a rotating grinding block 202, and a fixed grinding block 205. The first motor 201 is fixedly connected inside the electrolytic cell 1. The fixed grinding block 205 is rotatably connected inside the second chamber 102 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 201. The fixed grinding block 205 is fixedly connected inside the second chamber 102. By means of the rotating grinding block 202 and the fixed grinding block 205, the oxide raw material can be ground. A plurality of stirring rods 204 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating grinding block 202. A discharge port 206 is provided at the bottom of the second chamber 102, and the discharge port 206 communicates with the feed port 1021 of the conveying assembly. A feed port 1021 is provided on the second chamber 102. An air pipe 2072 is arranged inside the second chamber 102. The air pipe 2072 is used for conveying nitrogen. A plurality of air jet ports 2071 are connected to the air pipe 2072. A cavity is arranged inside the rotating grinding block 202. The two ends of the cavity are respectively a suction port 2021 and a discharge port 2022. A first auger 203 is fixedly connected inside the cavity, and one end of the first auger 203 is located inside the suction port 2021.

[0022] The output shaft of the first motor 201 in the grinding device is fixedly connected to the rotating grinding block 202, enabling the rotating grinding block 202 to rotate inside the second chamber 102. The fixed grinding block 205 is installed at a relatively fixed position inside the second chamber 102 and cooperates with the rotating grinding block 202. The grinding of the oxide raw material is achieved through the relative movement of the two. At the same time, a plurality of stirring rods 204 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating grinding block 202, assisting in stirring the ground raw material during the grinding process to make the stirring more uniform, facilitating the heating and baking thereof. At the same time, a cavity is arranged inside the rotating grinding block 202. The two ends of the cavity are respectively a suction port 2021 and a discharge port 2022. A first auger 203 is fixedly connected inside the cavity, and one end of the first auger 203 is located inside the suction port 2021. The first auger 203 can continuously convey the ground material again, enabling it to be discharged through the discharge port 2022, and then the grinding assembly performs secondary grinding on it to further ensure the grinding effect of the raw material.

[0023] A discharge port 206 is opened at the bottom of the second chamber 102 and is made to communicate with the feed port 1021 of the subsequent conveying assembly, facilitating the discharge of the ground raw material. A feed port 1021 is provided on the second chamber 102 for feeding the raw material. An air pipe 2072 is installed inside, and a plurality of air jet ports 2071 are connected to the air pipe 2072. Inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to provide a specific gas environment for the roasting of the raw material, facilitating the baking.

[0024] The conveying assembly includes the second auger 302 and the third auger 303. Both the second auger 302 and the third auger 303 are rotatably connected in the electrolytic cell 1. The second auger 302 is horizontally arranged, and its feeding end is communicated with the discharge port 206. The third auger 303 is vertically arranged, and its feeding end is communicated with the discharging end of the second auger 302. The second auger 302 is used for laterally conveying the oxide raw materials, and the third auger 303 is used for longitudinally conveying the oxide raw materials into the chamber three 103. A second motor 301 is fixedly connected to the electrolytic cell 1. The output end of the second motor 301 is fixedly connected to the second auger 302. A first gear 3041 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 301. A second gear 3042 is meshed with the first gear 3041. A stirring shaft 305 is fixedly connected to the second gear 3042. The second gear 3042 is rotatably connected in the chamber three 103. A stirring rod 306 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 301. A scraping rod 307 which is in contact with the inner wall of the chamber three 103 is fixedly connected to the stirring rod 306. A discharge pipe 1031 and a connecting pipe 1032 are connected to the bottom of the chamber three 103. An anode 501 and a graphite crucible 503 are arranged in the chamber one 101. A cathode 502 is placed directly below the anode 501. The bottom of the anode 501 is a circular arc concave surface, and the top of the cathode 502 is a circular arc convex surface. The circular arc concave surface of the anode 501 corresponds to the circular arc convex surface of the cathode 502. The cathodes 502 are arranged in parallel, and a diversion groove 508 is formed at the connection. A high-temperature insulating layer 504 is provided between the cathode 502 and the graphite crucible 503. A cathode busbar 506 is placed below the cathode 502. A general insulating layer 507 is installed outside the graphite crucible 503. A refractory layer 505 is built around the general insulating layer 507.

[0025] The conveying assembly installed in the electrolytic cell 1 can connect the auger two 302 horizontally and rotatably in the electrolytic cell 1 so that its feeding end communicates with the discharge port 206. For the convenience of use, a solenoid valve can be set at the discharge port 206 to control whether to discharge materials, reducing the situation that raw materials enter the conveying assembly after being initially ground. The auger two 302 is used for horizontally conveying oxide raw materials. The auger three 303 is vertically and rotatably connected in the electrolytic cell 1, and its feeding end communicates with the discharging end of the auger two 302, realizing the longitudinal conveying of oxide raw materials into the chamber three 103. A group of motors are installed in the chamber two 102 for the rotation of the auger three 303. The motor two 301 is fixedly connected to the electrolytic cell 1, and the output end of the motor two 301 is fixedly connected to the auger two 302 to provide power for the rotation of the auger two 302. A gear one 3041 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor two 301, and the gear one 3041 is meshed with the gear two 3042. The gear two 3042 is rotatably connected in the chamber three 103 and fixedly connected to the stirring shaft 305. In this way, when the motor two 301 works, it can drive the stirring shaft 305 to rotate. At the same time, a stirring rod 306 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor two 301, and a scraping rod 307 attached to the inner wall of the chamber three 103 is fixedly connected to the stirring rod 306, which is used for stirring and cleaning the raw materials in the chamber three 103. The bottom of the chamber three 103 is connected with a discharge pipe 1031 and a connecting pipe 1032. Solenoid valves are installed in both the discharge pipe 1031 and the connecting pipe 1032 to control whether to discharge materials. At this time, the processed materials can be directly discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 1031, facilitating the pretreatment of the raw materials and then re-injecting them into the chamber one 101, while the connecting pipe 1032 is used to convey the materials into the chamber one 101, facilitating the subsequent electrolysis reaction.

[0026] This device can also grind, bake and preheat the graphite anode 501 alone, so that the graphite electrode reaches the appropriate temperature and state before entering the electrolysis reaction, and then discharges it through the discharge pipe 1031, quickly extrudes it into a solid through the extrusion device, and then puts it into the chamber 101 for electrolysis reaction. Among them, an opening that can be controlled to open and close should be separately set on the chamber one 101 for the placement of the graphite electrode. At this time, the damage to the graphite anode 501 caused by factors such as rapid temperature increase can be reduced, thereby prolonging its service life and reducing production costs.

[0027] A method for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals adopts a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals, including the following operation steps: Step 1: Put rare earth oxide raw materials into the chamber two 102, start the electric heating wire 4, heat the chamber two 102 to 550 °C, heat the chamber three 103 to 1050 °C, and then start the grinding assembly to grind the rare earth oxide raw materials; Step 2: Input nitrogen into the trachea 2072, and the nitrogen will finally be ejected through the jet orifice 2071; Step 3: Convey the ground and roasted rare earth oxide to Chamber 3 (103) through a conveying device and perform secondary heating on it; Step 4: Convey the secondarily heated rare earth oxide to Chamber 1 (101) for electrolysis reaction.

[0028] That is, when the device is in use: First is the raw material pretreatment preparation: Input a certain amount of rare earth oxide raw material into Chamber 2 (102) through the feed inlet 1021, start the electric heating wire 4 installed in the electrolytic cell 1, set the temperature of Chamber 2 (102) to rise to 550 °C, and the temperature of Chamber 3 (103) to rise to 1050 °C. After the temperature stabilizes, start the first motor 201 to drive the rotating grinding block 202 to rotate. The rotating grinding block 202 and the fixed grinding block 205 cooperate to grind the rare earth oxide raw material. At the same time, the stirring rod 204 assists in stirring. During this process, the auger 203 conveys the raw material in the cavity of the rotating grinding block 202 for secondary grinding, and the electric heating wire 4 cooperates to roast the ground oxide raw material.

[0029] Inert gas introduction: Input nitrogen through the air inlet end of the trachea 2072. The nitrogen flows in the trachea 2072 and is finally ejected through the jet orifice 2071, forming a specific inert gas environment in Chamber 2 (102), which helps the stable progress of the raw material roasting process, prevents the raw material from being oxidized during roasting, etc. At the same time, it can perform back blowing to avoid some raw materials getting stuck in the grinding gap between the fixed grinding block 205 and the rotating grinding block 202.

[0030] Secondary heating and conveying: After roasting is completed, start the second motor 301. The second motor 301 drives the auger 302 to rotate. The motor installed in Chamber 2 (102) is used for the rotation of the auger 303. The auger 303 is used to laterally convey the ground and roasted rare earth oxide discharged from Chamber 2 (102) through the discharge port 206. The auger 302 is used to longitudinally convey the ground and roasted rare earth oxide to Chamber 3 (103). When the second motor 301 is working, through the meshing transmission of the first gear 3041 and the second gear 3042, drive the stirring shaft 305 to rotate, stir the raw material in Chamber 3 (103), and at the same time, the stirring rod 306 and the scraping rod 307 assist in stirring the raw material and cleaning the inner wall. During this process, the electric heating wire 4 performs secondary heating on the raw material in Chamber 3 (103).

[0031] Electrolysis reaction: After secondary heating is completed, convey the heated rare earth oxide to Chamber 1 (101) through the discharge pipe 1031, and perform electrolysis reaction under the action of structures such as the anode 501, the cathode 502, and the diversion groove 508 to complete the electrolytic production of rare earth metals.

[0032] In the present invention, by arranging a second chamber 102 in the electrolytic cell 1 for primary roasting of the oxide raw material, the moisture and impurities of the raw material can be effectively reduced, the material density and particle size can be decreased, making the raw material more suitable for the electrolysis reaction. At the same time, when the raw material at a relatively high temperature is put into the furnace body, the influence on the furnace body temperature is small, which helps to maintain the temperature stability in the electrolytic cell 1 and improve the quality of the electrolysis product. Moreover, the graphite anode 501 is roasted and preheated to reach a suitable temperature and state before being put into the electrolysis reaction, which can reduce the damage to the graphite anode 501 caused by factors such as sudden temperature change, thereby prolonging its service life and reducing the production cost.

[0033] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and there is no any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of the present invention can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the technical content prompted above within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device, comprising an electrolytic cell (1), characterized in that, It also includes: Chamber 1 (101), Chamber 2 (102), and Chamber 3 (103), all of which are arranged inside the electrolytic cell (1). Chamber 1 (101) is located below Chamber 2 (102) and Chamber 3 (103); multiple groups of electric heating wires (4), all of which are arranged inside the electrolytic cell (1), and the electric heating wires (4) are used to heat Chambers 2 (102) and 3 (103); a grinding assembly, which is arranged inside Chamber 2 (102), and the grinding assembly is used to grind the oxide raw material in Chamber 2 (102) and cooperate with the electric heating wires (4) to calcine the ground oxide raw material; a conveying assembly, which is arranged inside the electrolytic cell (1) and is used to convey the baked oxide raw material in Chamber 2 (102) to Chamber 3 (103) for reheating.

2. The rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding assembly includes a first motor (201), a rotating grinding block (202), and a fixed grinding block (205). The first motor (201) is fixedly connected inside the electrolytic cell (1). The fixed grinding block (205) is rotatably connected inside Chamber 2 (102), and the fixed grinding block (205) is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor (201). The fixed grinding block (205) is fixedly connected inside Chamber 2 (102). Through the rotating grinding block (202) and the fixed grinding block (205), the oxide raw material can be ground.

3. The rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple groups of stirring rods (204) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating grinding block (202).

4. A rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A discharge port (206) is arranged at the bottom of Chamber 2 (102). The discharge port (206) is communicated with the feed port (1021) of the conveying assembly. A feed port (1021) is arranged on Chamber 2 (102). A gas pipe (2072) is arranged inside Chamber 2 (102), and the gas pipe (2072) is used to convey nitrogen. Multiple groups of jet ports (2071) are connected to the gas pipe (2072).

5. The rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A cavity is arranged inside the rotating grinding block (202). The two ends of the cavity are respectively a suction port (2021) and a discharge port (2022). A first auger (203) is fixedly connected inside the cavity, and one end of the first auger (203) is located inside the suction port (2021).

6. The rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conveying assembly includes a second auger (302) and a third auger (303). The second auger (302) and the third auger (303) are both rotatably connected inside the electrolytic cell (1). The second auger (302) is horizontally arranged, and its feed end is communicated with the discharge port (206). The third auger (303) is vertically arranged, and its feed end is communicated with the discharge end of the second auger (302). The second auger (302) is used to horizontally convey the oxide raw material, and the third auger (303) is used to longitudinally convey the oxide raw material into Chamber 3 (103).

7. An electrolysis temperature balance device for rare earth metals according to claim 6, characterized in that, A second motor (301) is fixedly connected to the electrolytic cell (1). The output end of the second motor (301) is fixedly connected to a second auger (302). A first gear (3041) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (301). A second gear (3042) is meshed with the first gear (3041). A stirring shaft (305) is fixedly connected to the second gear (3042). The second gear (3042) is rotatably connected in the third chamber (103).

8. A rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balance device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A stirring rod (306) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (301). A scraping rod (307) that is in contact with the inner wall of the third chamber (103) is fixedly connected to the stirring rod (306). A discharge pipe (1031) and a connecting pipe (1032) are connected to the bottom of the third chamber (103).

9. The rare earth metal electrolysis temperature balancing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, An anode (501) and a graphite crucible (503) are arranged in the first chamber (101). A cathode (502) is placed directly below the anode (501). The bottom of the anode (501) is a circular arc concave surface, and the top of the cathode (502) is a circular arc convex surface. The circular arc concave surface of the anode (501) corresponds to the circular arc convex surface of the cathode (502). The cathodes (502) are arranged in parallel, and a diversion groove (508) is formed at the connection. A high-temperature insulating layer (504) is provided between the cathode (502) and the graphite crucible (503). A cathode busbar (506) is placed below the cathode (502). A general insulating layer (507) is installed outside the graphite crucible (503). A refractory layer (505) is built around the general insulating layer (507).

10. A method for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals, which uses a device for balancing the electrolysis temperature of rare earth metals as described in claim 9, characterized in that, It includes the following operating steps: Step 1: Put rare earth oxide raw materials into the second chamber (102), start the electric heating wire (4), heat the second chamber (102) to 550 °C, heat the third chamber (103) to 1050 °C, and then start the grinding assembly to grind the rare earth oxide raw materials; Step 2: Input nitrogen into the air pipe (2072), and finally the nitrogen will be ejected through the air jet port (2071); Step 3: Transport the ground and baked rare earth oxides to the third chamber (103) through the conveying device and perform secondary heating on them; Step 4: Transport the secondarily heated rare earth oxides to the first chamber (101) for electrolysis reaction.

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