Stepped fishway and fishway water replenishing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and discloses a stepped fishway which comprises an overflow channel, flow guide plates and a water supplementing assembly, a plurality of groups of flow guide plates are arranged in the stepped overflow channel, a plurality of fishway grooves are formed by the adjacent flow guide plates and the overflow channel, and the fishway groove at the bottommost end is communicated with a downstream water body of a dam. When the flow of the river channel is in a normal range, water flows from the upstream to the downstream of the dam along the overflow channel, and flows into and fills the fishway groove; and the backtracking fishes jump from the fishway grooves in the low position to the fishway grooves in the high position step by step, and the backtracking process is completed. The water supplementing assembly is arranged, when the flow of the river channel is cut off or the flow is lower than the normal range, the water supplementing assembly starts related water supplementing work, the pump body is driven to pump downstream water of the dam, water is conveyed into the fishway grooves through the water inlet pipe, and after the water level of the fishway grooves is increased, backtracking fishes jump to the fishway grooves at the high position from the fishway grooves at the low position step by step; and the backtracking process is completed. The invention further provides a fishway water replenishing method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly to a stepped fishway and a method for replenishing water to the fishway. Background Art

[0002] Currently, although the rapid development of river impounding projects such as reservoir dams has, to a certain extent, solved problems in aspects such as flood control, water supply, irrigation, and energy security, it has also damaged the integrity of the river ecological environment. In particular, it has the greatest impact on migratory fish, resulting in their inability to carry out basic life activities such as migratory spawning. To solve the above problems, engineers will set up fishways in water conservancy projects such as dams. A fishway is a passage specifically designed for fish, aiming to help fish overcome obstacles in the river, such as dams, weirs, etc., so that they can migrate smoothly for spawning, foraging, migration and other life activities.

[0003] According to different designs and functions, fishways can be divided into various types. Common fishways include pool fishways, trough fishways, vertical slot fishways, and natural simulation fishways, etc. Among them, trough fishways are further divided into simple trough type, Daniel type, and cross partition type. The cross partition fishway mainly consists of an inlet, a pool chamber, and an outlet. The water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the water trough is divided into many stepped pool chambers by partitions, also known as stepped fishways or fish ladders. This kind of fishway uses water cushions, frictional resistance along the way, and water flow impact and diffusion to dissipate energy, improve the flow pattern, reduce the flow velocity of the fish passing holes, and can adapt to the needs of different habit fish by adjusting the form, position, and size of the fish passing holes. Although these fishways consider the behavioral habits of fish and hydraulic characteristics in the design, most of them rely on stable river flow to maintain their functions.

[0004] However, due to the impact of climate change and human activities, many rivers around the world are facing the problems of flow shrinkage or even drying up. Especially in dry seasons or areas with over-exploitation of water resources, the river flow decreases sharply or even dries up completely. In this case, the traditional fishway design seems inadequate. Conventional fishways usually rely on a certain amount of water flow to maintain their functions. Once the river flow decreases or dries up, the water flow velocity and water depth in the fishway will not be able to meet the migratory needs of fish, resulting in the failure of the fishway. Fish cannot return upstream through the dried-up or insufficient-flow fishway, which not only affects the reproduction and foraging of fish, but also may lead to the imbalance of the entire ecosystem, having certain limitations.

[0005] How to ensure that the fishway can still function properly in the case of river flow shrinkage or even drying up is not only an innovation to the existing fishway technology, but also a positive response to the protection, restoration and sustainable development of the ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a stepped fishway and a fishway water replenishment method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, so that even when the river flow shrinks or even dries up, the fishway can still function properly, realizing the normal backtracking of fish, helping to maintain the connectivity of the river ecosystem, reducing the fragmentation of fish habitats caused by river drying or flow shrinkage, and protecting biodiversity.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a stepped fishway, including:

[0009] An overflow channel, the overflow channel is a stepped structure and decreases layer by layer along the upstream to downstream direction of the dam;

[0010] Guide plates, the number of the guide plates is multiple groups, the guide plates are arranged in the overflow channel along the stepped direction of the overflow channel, and two adjacent guide plates and the overflow channel enclose a fishway groove; the fishway groove with the lowest elevation is connected to the downstream water body of the dam; the elevation difference between adjacent fishway grooves is not greater than the jumping height of the backtracking fish, so that the backtracking fish can jump from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove to complete the backtracking process;

[0011] A water replenishment component, the water replenishment component includes a water inlet pipe and a driving pump body, one end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the downstream water body of the dam by the driving pump body, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the fishway groove, and when the river is dry, the driving pump body can use the water inlet pipe to transport the downstream water body of the dam into the fishway groove to raise the water level in the fishway groove.

[0012] Preferably, a soil layer is provided in the fishway groove, and aquatic submerged plants are planted in the soil layer.

[0013] Preferably, the fishway groove with the lowest elevation is connected to the downstream water body of the dam through an overflow opening.

[0014] Preferably, retaining walls are provided on both sides of the overflow channel, the driving pump body is arranged on the retaining walls, the driving pump body is connected with an energy supply element, and the energy supply element can supply electric energy to the driving pump body.

[0015] Preferably, the energy supply element includes a bracket and a photovoltaic panel, the bracket is arranged on the retaining wall, the photovoltaic panel is connected to the bracket and the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted.

[0016] Preferably, the water replenishment component further includes a water outlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is connected to the fishway groove through the water outlet pipe;

[0017] The outlet pipe includes a first outlet pipe and a second outlet pipe. Both the first outlet pipe and the second outlet pipe are communicated with the inlet pipe. The outlet of the first outlet pipe is located above the fishway groove and is arranged towards the fishway groove. The outlet of the second outlet pipe is located on the side wall of the fishway groove.

[0018] Preferably, the guide plate has fish - passing holes allowing the fish to pass back. The fish - passing holes of adjacent guide plates are arranged staggeredly. A water - retaining plate is connected to the guide plate. The water - retaining plate can block the fish - passing holes, and a water - stop pad is arranged between the water - retaining plate and the guide plate.

[0019] Preferably, the water - retaining plate is connected to the guide plate by a hinge. The hinge is located above the fish - passing hole.

[0020] The hinge can drive the water - retaining plate to flip. A water - level sensor is arranged in the fishway groove. The stepped fishway further includes a controller. The hinge, the water - level sensor and the driving pump body are all communicatively connected to the controller.

[0021] Preferably, the water - facing surface of the water - retaining plate is an arc surface.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for replenishing water in the fishway. Using the above - mentioned stepped fishway, it includes the following steps:

[0023] When the river flow is within the normal range, the water flows along the overflow channel from the upstream to the downstream of the dam, flows into and fills the fishway groove. The fish passing back jump from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove step by step to complete the process of passing back.

[0024] When the river is cut off or the flow is lower than the normal range, the water - replenishing component starts the relevant water - replenishing work. The driving pump body pumps the water body downstream of the dam, uses the inlet pipe to convey water into the fishway groove. After the water level in the fishway groove rises, the fish passing back jump from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove step by step to complete the process of passing back.

[0025] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the related art: The stepped fishway of the present invention includes an overflow channel, a guide plate, and a water replenishing component. The overflow channel is in a stepped structure and gradually decreases along the upstream to downstream direction of the dam; the number of guide plates is multiple, and the guide plates are arranged in the overflow channel along the stepped direction of the overflow channel. Adjacent guide plates and the overflow channel enclose fishway grooves; the fishway groove with the lowest elevation is connected to the downstream water body of the dam; the elevation difference between adjacent fishway grooves is not greater than the jumping height of the migrating fish, so that the migrating fish can jump from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove to complete the migration process; the water replenishing component includes a water inlet pipe and a driving pump body. One end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the downstream water body of the dam by the driving pump body, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the fishway groove. When the river channel runs dry, the driving pump body can use the water inlet pipe to transport the downstream water body of the dam into the fishway groove to raise the water level in the fishway groove.

[0026] In the stepped fishway of the present invention, multiple guide plates are arranged in the stepped overflow channel. Adjacent guide plates and the overflow channel form multiple fishway grooves, and the fishway groove at the bottommost end is connected to the downstream water body of the dam. When the river flow is within the normal range, the water flows along the overflow channel from the upstream to the downstream direction of the dam, flows into and fills the fishway grooves; the migrating fish jump from the lower fishway grooves to the higher fishway grooves step by step to complete the migration process. The present invention also sets up a water replenishing component. When the river channel runs dry or the flow rate is lower than the normal range, the water replenishing component starts the relevant water replenishing work. The driving pump body pumps the downstream water body of the dam and uses the water inlet pipe to transport water into the fishway grooves. After the water level in the fishway grooves rises, the migrating fish jump from the lower fishway grooves to the higher fishway grooves step by step to complete the migration process. The stepped fishway of the present invention still ensures that the fishway can function normally in the case of river flow shrinkage or even dry-up, improves the reliability of the fishway, and at the same time can realize the normal migration of fish under different conditions such as normal river flow, shrinkage, and even dry-up, helps to maintain the connectivity of the river ecosystem, reduces the fragmentation of fish habitats caused by dry-up or flow shrinkage, and protects biodiversity.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for replenishing water in a fishway. Using the above-mentioned stepped fishway, naturally, the method for replenishing water in the fishway of the present invention can also achieve the above-mentioned beneficial effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the related art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0029] Figure 1 Isometric schematic diagram of the stepped fishway disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Isometric schematic diagram of the stepped fishway from other angles disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the stepped fishway disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of a partial structure of the stepped fishway disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1, water retaining plate; 2, hinge; 3, fish passage hole; 4, flow guiding plate; 5, water level sensor; 6, overflow channel; 7, dam; 8, photovoltaic panel; 9, bracket; 10, driving pump body; 11, water inlet pipe; 12, retaining wall; 13, overflow port; 14, first water outlet pipe; 15, second water outlet pipe; 16, fishway groove; 17, water stop pad; 18, aquatic submerged plants; 19, soil layer; 20, controller;

[0034] a, elevation difference between adjacent fishway grooves. Specific implementation manners

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stepped fishway and a fishway water replenishment method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, so that even when the river flow shrinks or even dries up, the fishway can still function normally, realizing the normal backtracking of fish, helping to maintain the connectivity of the river ecosystem, reducing the fragmentation of fish habitats caused by river drying up or flow shrinkage, and protecting biodiversity.

[0037] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a stepped fishway. Please refer to Figures 1 - 4, including an overflow channel 6, a guide vane 4 and a water replenishing component. The overflow channel 6 is a stepped structure and decreases layer by layer along the upstream to downstream direction of the dam 7; the number of the guide vanes 4 is multiple, and the guide vanes 4 are arranged in the overflow channel 6 along the stepped direction of the overflow channel 6, and the adjacent two guide vanes 4 and the overflow channel 6 enclose a fishway groove 16; the fishway groove 16 with the lowest elevation is communicated with the downstream water body of the dam 7; the elevation difference between the adjacent fishway grooves 16 is not greater than the jumping height of the migrating fish, so that the migrating fish can jump from the lower fishway groove 16 to the higher fishway groove 16 to complete the migration process; the water replenishing component includes a water inlet pipe 11 and a driving pump body 10. One end of the water inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the downstream water body of the dam 7 by using the driving pump body 10, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the fishway groove 16. When the river channel is cut off, the driving pump body 10 can use the water inlet pipe 11 to transport the downstream water body of the dam 7 into the fishway groove 16 to raise the water level in the fishway groove 16.

[0040] In the stepped fishway of the present invention, multiple groups of guide vanes 4 are arranged in the stepped overflow channel 6, and the adjacent guide vanes 4 and the overflow channel 6 form multiple fishway grooves 16, and the fishway groove 16 at the bottommost end is communicated with the downstream water body of the dam 7. When the river channel flow is within the normal range, the water flow flows along the overflow channel 6 from the upstream to the downstream direction of the dam 7, flows into and fills the fishway groove 16; the migrating fish jumps from the lower fishway groove 16 to the higher fishway groove 16 step by step to complete the migration process. The present invention also sets a water replenishing component. When the river channel is cut off or the flow is lower than the normal range, the water replenishing component starts the relevant water replenishing work. The driving pump body 10 pumps the downstream water body of the dam 7 and uses the water inlet pipe 11 to convey water into the fishway groove 16. After the water level of the fishway groove 16 is raised, the migrating fish jumps from the lower fishway groove 16 to the higher fishway groove 16 step by step to complete the migration process. In the stepped fishway of the present invention, even in the case of the shrinkage or cut-off of the river channel flow, the fishway can still function normally, the reliability of the fishway is improved, and at the same time, the normal migration of fish can be realized under different conditions such as normal, shrinking or even cut-off of the river channel flow, which helps to maintain the connectivity of the river ecosystem, reduce the habitat fragmentation caused by the cut-off, and protect the biodiversity.

[0041] The elevation difference between the adjacent fishway grooves 16 is not greater than the jumping height of the migrating fish. In this specific embodiment, the elevation difference between the adjacent fishway grooves 16 is a, and a = 1.5 m; in actual application, the elevation difference between the adjacent fishway grooves 16 can be reasonably set according to different migrating fish, so that different types of migrating fish can jump from the lower fishway groove 16 to the higher fishway groove 16 to complete the migration process and ensure the adaptability of the stepped fishway. It should be explained here that the jumping ability and jumping height of the migrating fish are common knowledge for those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0042] Among them, a soil layer 19 is arranged in the fishway groove 16, and aquatic submerged plants 18 are planted in the soil layer 19. Planting aquatic plants in the fishway groove 16 is beneficial to the ecological environment in the fishway, the survival and reproduction of fish, and the operation of the entire water conservancy facility. The aquatic submerged plants 18 can improve water quality, provide food and habitats for fish, and are also conducive to maintaining the structural stability of the fishway.

[0043] In this specific embodiment, the fishway groove 16 with the lowest elevation is connected to the downstream water body of the dam 7 through the overflow opening 13 to ensure the normal flow of water in the fishway.

[0044] It should also be noted that retaining walls 12 are arranged on both sides of the spillway 6, which is beneficial to stabilizing the water flow in the fishway and further improving the structural stability of the fishway. In addition, to a certain extent, the retaining walls 12 can block the interference of external factors on the fishway, prevent sundries, garbage, etc. from entering the fishway, and keep the environment in the fishway clean. The retaining walls 12 can also reduce the interference of external noise, light, etc. on fish and create a relatively quiet and stable migration environment for fish. In this specific embodiment, the driving pump body 10 is arranged on the retaining wall 12, providing a stable support for the driving pump body 10. The driving pump body 10 is connected to an energy supply element, and the energy supply element can supply electric energy to the driving pump body 10 to ensure the normal operation of the driving pump body 10.

[0045] In this specific embodiment, the energy supply element includes a support 9 and a photovoltaic panel 8. The support 9 is arranged on the retaining wall 12, the photovoltaic panel 8 is connected to the support 9, and the angle of the photovoltaic panel 8 can be adjusted. The photovoltaic panel 8 can convert solar energy into electric energy to supply power to the driving pump body 10, ensuring the normal operation of the driving pump body 10 by using clean energy. The working principle of the photovoltaic panel 8 and the use of the photovoltaic panel 8 and its supporting facilities to supply power to the electric mechanism (the electric mechanism in this embodiment is the driving pump body 10) are common means for those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here. The photovoltaic panel 8 and the support 9 are detachably connected so that the angle of the photovoltaic panel 8 can be adjusted to adapt to various working environments and improve the flexible adaptability of the energy supply element. In other specific embodiments that can be realized by the present invention, the energy supply element can also adopt other structural forms, such as a storage battery, etc., to meet different working conditions and improve the flexible adaptability of the fishway.

[0046] Specifically, the water replenishing assembly further includes an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe 11 is connected to the fishway groove 16 through the outlet pipe to ensure that the water conveyed by the water replenishing assembly can enter the fishway groove 16, achieving the purpose of replenishing water to the fishway. In addition, in order to avoid blockage, a filtering element can be arranged at the inlet of the inlet pipe 11 to prevent impurities in the water from blocking the inlet pipe 11 and improve the water replenishing reliability of the water replenishing assembly.

[0047] More specifically, the outlet pipes include a first outlet pipe 14 and a second outlet pipe 15 . Both the first outlet pipe 14 and the second outlet pipe 15 are connected to the water inlet pipe 11 . The outlet of the first outlet pipe 14 is located above and facing the fishway groove 16 , allowing the first outlet pipe 14 to deliver water from above the fishway groove 16 to replenish the water. The outlet of the second outlet pipe 15 is located on the sidewall of the fishway groove 16 , allowing the second outlet pipe 15 to deliver water directly into the cavity of the fishway groove 16 . In actual use, the first outlet pipe 14 and the second outlet pipe 15 can be connected by a connecting pipe embedded in the overflow channel 6 , ensuring that water delivered by the water inlet pipe 11 can smoothly enter the fishway groove 16 .

[0048] Furthermore, the guide plate 4 has fish holes 3 that allow fish to pass through while swimming upstream, and the fish holes 3 of adjacent guide plates 4 are staggered. The guide plate 4 is connected to a water baffle 1 that can block the fish holes 3. A water-stop pad 17 is provided between the water baffle 1 and the guide plate 4. When the river flow is interrupted for a long time, and the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel 8 is insufficient to pump enough water back into the fishway groove 16, causing the water level in the fishway groove 16 to fall below a preset value, the water baffle 1 is opened, and the fish trapped in each fishway groove 16 can pass through the fish holes 3 and overflow ports 13 on each guide plate 4 in turn, and eventually return to the downstream of the dam 7, waiting for the next opportunity to swim upstream. When the river flow is within the normal range, the water baffle 1 blocks the fish hole 3, and a water stop pad 17 is provided between the water baffle 1 and the guide plate 4 to prevent leakage of the fishway groove 16, thereby ensuring that the water level in the fishway groove 16 is within the normal range. In actual application, the water stop pad 17 can be made of rubber to enhance the sealing performance of the water stop pad 17. The guide plate 4 of the present invention is provided with the fish hole 3 to protect fish when the river flow is interrupted for a long time, preventing fish from dying when they cannot successfully complete the backflow and return downstream. When the water baffle 1 is opened, the fish hole 3 and the overflow port 13 are used to help the fish return to the downstream of the dam 7 and wait for the next opportunity to backflow.

[0049] In this specific embodiment, the water baffle 1 is connected to the guide plate 4 by a hinge 2, and the hinge 2 is located above the fish hole 3, so that the water baffle 1 can be flipped upward, opening the water baffle 1 while preventing the water baffle 1 from affecting the movement of fish in the fishway groove 16.

[0050] In practical applications, electric hinges, pneumatic hinges, etc. can be selected to enable the hinge 2 to drive the water baffle 1 to flip, improving the controllability of the water baffle 1. A water level sensor 5 is provided in the fishway groove 16, and the stepped fishway further includes a controller 20. The hinge 2, the water level sensor 5, and the driving pump body 10 are all communicatively connected to the controller 20, facilitating the control of the water replenishing component and the working state of the water baffle 1. When the river flow is interrupted for a long time and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 8 is not sufficient to pump enough water back into the fishway groove 16, resulting in the water level in the fishway groove 16 being lower than the preset value, the water level sensor 5 sends a signal, and the controller 20 controls the water baffle 1 to open. The fish staying in each fishway groove 16 can pass through the fish passing holes 3 and the overflow openings 13 on each flow guiding plate 4 in sequence, and finally return to the downstream of the dam 7, waiting for the next chance to return upstream. It should be explained here that the structure and working principle of the controller 20 are common means for those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0051] The water-facing surface of the water baffle 1 is an arc surface. It should also be emphasized here that when the water baffle 1 blocks the fish passing hole 3, the top of the water baffle 1 is higher than the flow guiding plate 4. When the river flow is normal, the water flows from the upstream of the dam 7 along the overflow channel 6 to the downstream. When the water collides with the water baffle 1, due to the water-facing surface of the water baffle 1 being an arc surface, the water flow rolls over, changing from the previous two-dimensional flow state to a three-dimensional flow state and generating strong turbulence, incorporating a large amount of air. Part of the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into heat energy, thereby playing a certain role in energy dissipation and speed reduction of the water flow. It should also be noted that the fish passing holes 3 of adjacent flow guiding plates 4 are staggered, which can better slow down the water flow speed, make the water flow evenly distributed throughout the fishway, and avoid the local water flow being too strong or too weak.

[0052] The stepped fishway of the present invention, when the river flow is normal, the water flows from the upstream of the dam 7 along the overflow channel 6 to the downstream. Due to the height difference between the upstream and downstream, the water gradually obtains greater kinetic energy and quickly fills the fishway grooves 16 on the overflow channel 6 to form "small ponds". At this time, the water retaining plate 1 and the guide plate 4 in the fishway groove 16 are closely attached through the water stop pad 17 and are in a closed state. When the water flow collides with the water retaining plate 1, since the water-facing surface of the water retaining plate 1 is an arc surface, the water flow rolls over, changes from the previous two-dimensional flow state to a three-dimensional flow state and undergoes strong turbulence, incorporating a large amount of air. Part of the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into heat energy, thereby playing a certain role in energy dissipation and deceleration of the water flow. At this time, fish can jump step by step from the low-level "small ponds" formed by the fishway grooves 16 to the high-level "small ponds", thus completing the retrogressive process. When the river flow shrinks, the fishway grooves 16 on the overflow channel 6 are still filled with water and form "small ponds", but the water retaining plate 1 hardly plays an energy dissipation role anymore. At this time, fish can still jump step by step from the low-level "small ponds" formed by the fishway grooves 16 to the high-level "small ponds" to complete the retrogressive process. When the river flow is interrupted for a short time, the fishway grooves 16 on the overflow channel 6 cannot be completely filled with water. The controller 20 starts the driving pump body 10 to pump the water downstream of the dam 7 into the fishway grooves 16 in sequence through the water inlet pipe 11, the first water outlet pipe 14, and the second water outlet pipe 15, so as to increase the water level height in the fishway grooves 16 to help fish retrogress. When the river flow is interrupted for a long time and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 8 is not enough to pump enough water back into the fishway grooves 16, resulting in the water level height in the fishway grooves 16 being lower than the preset value, the water level sensor 5 sends a signal to the controller 20, and the controller 20 controls the water retaining plate 1 to open. The fish staying in each fishway groove 16 can pass through each fish passage hole 3 and the overflow port 13 in sequence and finally return to the downstream of the dam 7 to wait for the next retrogressive opportunity.

[0053] Embodiment 2

[0054] This embodiment provides a method for replenishing water to a fishway, using the stepped fishway of Embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:

[0055] When the river flow is within the normal range, the water flows along the overflow channel 6 from the upstream of the dam 7 to the downstream direction, flows into and fills the fishway grooves 16; the retrogressive fish jump step by step from the low-level fishway grooves 16 to the high-level fishway grooves 16 to complete the retrogressive process;

[0056] When the river is interrupted or the flow is lower than the normal range, the water replenishing component starts the relevant water replenishing work, the driving pump body 10 pumps the water body downstream of the dam 7, uses the water inlet pipe 11 to convey water into the fishway grooves 16. After the water level in the fishway grooves 16 rises, the retrogressive fish jump step by step from the low-level fishway grooves 16 to the high-level fishway grooves 16 to complete the retrogressive process.

[0057] When the river is dry or the flow rate is below the normal range and the water replenishment component cannot meet the water replenishment demand, the water retaining plate 1 opens, and the fish staying in each fishway groove 16 return to the downstream of the dam 7 through the fish passing holes 3 and the overflow openings 13 on the guide plate 4, waiting for the next chance to return upstream.

[0058] The fishway water replenishment method of the present invention uses the stepped fishway of Embodiment 1 to enable fish to return upstream normally under different conditions such as normal, shrinking, or even dry river flow, which helps to maintain the connectivity of the river ecosystem, reduce the fragmentation of fish habitats caused by dry river flow or shrinking flow, and protect biodiversity. At the same time, it can protect fish when the river flow is dry for a long time, prevent fish from dying when they cannot return upstream smoothly and cannot return to the downstream, open the water retaining plate 1 through the controller 20, and help fish return to the downstream of the dam 7 through the fish passing holes 3 and the overflow openings 13, waiting for the next chance to return upstream.

[0059] Specific examples are used in the present invention to illustrate the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stepped fishway, characterized in that, Comprising: An overflow channel, which is a stepped structure and decreases layer by layer along the upstream to downstream direction of the dam; Flow guiding plates, the number of which is multiple groups. The flow guiding plates are arranged in the overflow channel along the stepped direction of the overflow channel. The adjacent two flow guiding plates and the overflow channel enclose a fishway groove. The fishway groove with the lowest elevation is communicated with the downstream water body of the dam. The elevation difference between the adjacent fishway grooves is not greater than the jumping height of the migrating fish, so that the migrating fish can jump from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove to complete the migration process; A water replenishing component, which includes a water inlet pipe and a driving pump body. One end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the downstream water body of the dam by using the driving pump body, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the fishway groove. When the river course runs dry, the driving pump body can use the water inlet pipe to transport the downstream water body of the dam into the fishway groove to raise the water level in the fishway groove.

2. The stepped fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soil layer is arranged in the fishway groove, and aquatic submerged plants are planted in the soil layer.

3. The stepped fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway groove with the lowest elevation is communicated with the downstream water body of the dam through an overflow opening.

4. The stepped fishway according to claim 1, wherein: Retaining walls are arranged on both sides of the overflow channel, and the driving pump body is arranged on the retaining walls. The driving pump body is connected with an energy supply element, and the energy supply element can supply electric energy to the driving pump body.

5. The stepped fishway according to claim 4, characterized in that: The energy supply element includes a bracket and a photovoltaic panel. The bracket is arranged on the retaining wall, the photovoltaic panel is connected with the bracket and the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted.

6. The stepped fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water replenishing component further includes a water outlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is communicated with the fishway groove by using the water outlet pipe; The water outlet pipe includes a first water outlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe. Both the first water outlet pipe and the second water outlet pipe are communicated with the water inlet pipe. The water outlet of the first water outlet pipe is located above the fishway groove and is arranged towards the fishway groove. The water outlet of the second water outlet pipe is located on the side wall of the fishway groove.

7. The stepped fishway according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The flow guiding plate has a fish passing hole allowing the migrating fish to pass through, and the fish passing holes of the adjacent flow guiding plates are arranged staggeredly. The flow guiding plate is connected with a water retaining plate, and the water retaining plate can block the fish passing hole. A water stop pad is arranged between the water retaining plate and the flow guiding plate.

8. The stepped fishway according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water retaining plate is connected with the flow guiding plate by a hinge, and the hinge is located above the fish passing hole; The hinge can drive the water retaining plate to flip. A water level sensor is arranged in the fishway groove. The stepped fishway further includes a controller, and the hinge, the water level sensor and the driving pump body are all communicatively connected with the controller.

9. The stepped fishway according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water-facing surface of the water retaining plate is an arc surface.

10. A fishway water replenishment method, characterized in that, Using the stepped fishway according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: When the river flow is within the normal range, the water flow flows along the overflow channel from the upstream to the downstream direction of the dam, flows into and fills the fishway groove. The migrating fish jumps from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove step by step to complete the migration process; When the river channel dries up or the flow rate is below the normal range, the water replenishment component starts the relevant water replenishment work. The driving pump body pumps the water downstream of the dam, and uses the water inlet pipe to convey water into the fishway groove. After the water level in the fishway groove rises, the migratory fish jump step by step from the lower fishway groove to the higher fishway groove to complete the migration process.

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