A rotating guide shoe

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of drilling and development in the petroleum and natural gas industry, and discloses a rotary guide shoe. The rotary guide shoe is connected to the front end of a casing, and an adjusting assembly and a rotating assembly are arranged in the barrel of the rotary guide shoe. The rotating assembly can drive the guide shoe part to rotate and then perform a reaming operation, so that the bottom of the casing can be prevented from scraping the well wall or being inserted into the well wall to cause the casing to be blocked. The adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating assembly, so as to solve the problem of casing jamming and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling and development technology in the oil and gas industry, and particularly to a rotary guide shoe with adjustable rotation speed. Background Technology

[0002] Reaming refers to the process of lowering or raising the casing while circulating and rotating it within a drilled wellbore to smooth the wellbore, remove debris, and ensure unobstructed flow. In the oil and gas industry, casing opening is commonly used to complete drilling reaming. During the casing running process after oil or gas well completion, successfully running the production casing to the predetermined depth in one go is crucial for achieving the intended goals. However, due to low formation stability or numerous wellbore trajectories, problems such as wellbore narrowing, collapse, and high frictional resistance can occur during casing running, preventing the casing from reaching its designated depth.

[0003] To facilitate the smooth running of casing to the target depth, existing technologies typically employ a mechanical power device installed at the wellhead. This device rotates the casing using mechanical power to aid in reaming. However, this method is limited by the casing connection threads or the torque of the mechanical power device, resulting in significant limitations. Alternatively, existing technologies may use a hydraulic drive device to assist in reaming. However, the main component of existing hydraulic drive devices is a turbine. Ordinary turbines have high rotational speeds and cannot be speed-adjusted. When assisting in reaming, they may cause the casing to spin out of the new wellbore or become stuck due to torque, introducing many uncertainties.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rotary guide shoe with adjustable speed that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems and be installed on the sleeve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rotating shoe with adjustable rotation speed.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A rotating guide shoe, connected to a sleeve, includes: a cylindrical body and a guide shoe part, one end of the cylindrical body is connected to the sleeve, and the other end is connected to the guide shoe part. An adjustment component and a rotating component are provided inside the cylindrical body. When liquid flows through the rotating component, the rotating component can drive the guide shoe part to rotate.

[0008] The adjusting assembly includes an adjusting shaft and a guide fluid. The guide fluid is fixedly disposed within the cylinder and has a first through hole. The adjusting shaft is movably disposed within the cylinder and has a flow-through hole. The first through hole can selectively overlap with the flow-through hole to change the flow rate of the liquid flowing through the rotating assembly. Multiple flow-through holes are provided, at least two of which have different diameters, and the diameter of each flow-through hole is not greater than the diameter of the first through hole. One of the first through holes overlaps with the flow-through hole.

[0009] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further includes a guide post, which is fixedly connected to the cylinder. The adjustment shaft is provided with a guide groove, and the guide post is located in the guide groove, thereby providing guidance for the movement of the adjustment shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the guide groove includes alternating long grooves and short grooves, the flow hole is correspondingly arranged with the long groove, and the guide post can be placed in the long groove or the short groove so that the first through hole selectively overlaps with the flow hole, and when the guide post is placed in different long grooves, the first through hole can overlap with the flow hole of different diameters.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further includes an elastic element, one end of which is connected to the adjustment shaft for driving the adjustment shaft so that the adjustment shaft tends to abut the bottom of the long groove or the short groove against the guide post.

[0012] Preferably, the adjusting shaft is provided with a transition groove on the side away from the bottom of the long groove and the short groove. The transition groove includes an inclined section and is used to connect the adjacent long groove and the short groove.

[0013] Preferably, a drive chamber is formed inside the cylinder, and the drive chamber is connected to a hydraulic pump for driving the adjustment shaft to move so that the adjustment shaft tends to disengage the bottom of the long groove or the short groove from the guide post.

[0014] Preferably, the cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet hole, the shoe guide is provided with a liquid outlet hole, the rotating assembly includes an inner driving cavity and an outer driving cavity, both the inner driving cavity and the outer driving cavity are connected to the liquid outlet hole, the liquid inlet hole is connected to the inner driving cavity, and when the flow hole is connected to the first through hole, the liquid inlet hole is connected to both the inner driving cavity and the outer driving cavity.

[0015] Preferably, the cylinder body is further provided with a guide fluid, which is rotatably connected to the rotating assembly and separates the inner driving cavity from the outer driving cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the rotating assembly has a third through hole at the end away from the fluid inlet, and the external driving cavity communicates with the liquid outlet through the third through hole.

[0017] Preferably, the adjusting shaft is fixed to the cylinder by a shear pin, and when the shear pin is disconnected, the adjusting shaft can move relative to the cylinder.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] This invention proposes a rotating guide shoe, connected to the front end of the casing. The guide shoe's cylindrical body houses an adjustment component and a rotation component. The rotation component drives the guide shoe to rotate, thus reaming the casing and preventing it from scraping or inserting into the well wall, which could cause obstruction. The adjustment component regulates the rotation speed of the rotation component to resolve casing jamming issues. The adjustment component includes an adjustment shaft and a guide fluid. The guide fluid is fixedly mounted within the cylindrical body and has a first through-hole. The adjustment shaft is movable relative to the guide fluid and has a flow-through hole. The first through-hole and the flow-through hole can selectively overlap. When they do not overlap, liquid flows through the rotation component at a preset flow rate, and the guide shoe rotates at a preset operating speed. When the casing encounters resistance during reaming, the adjustment shaft of the adjustment component can be moved, causing the first through-hole and the flow-through hole to overlap. This increases the flow rate of liquid through the rotation component, which in turn increases the rotation speed of the guide shoe, allowing the entire casing to smoothly pass through the jammed section and achieve the goal of successfully lowering the casing to the predetermined depth. In addition, the adjusting shaft is provided with at least two different diameter flow holes. The first through hole overlaps with the flow holes of different diameters to further change the flow rate of the liquid through the rotating component, adjust the rotation speed of the rotating component and thus adjust the rotation speed of the guide shoe, so as to avoid the situation where a new well hole is rotated out or the casing is blocked by torque due to excessive rotation speed. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the rotating guide shoe proposed in this invention, in which the first through hole and the flow hole are in a non-overlapping state;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram showing that the first through hole and the flow hole in the rotating guide shoe proposed in this invention are in an overlapping state;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a planar development view of the adjusting shaft in the rotating guide shoe proposed in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a radial sectional view of the adjusting shaft in the rotating guide shoe proposed in this invention.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 1. Cylinder body; 11. Liquid inlet; 2. Shoe guide; 21. Liquid outlet; 3. Adjusting shaft; 31. Guide groove; 311. Long groove; 312. Short groove; 313. Transition groove; 32. Flow hole; 33. Shear pin; 4. Guide post; 5. Fluid guide; 51. First through hole; 52. Second through hole; 6. Elastic element; 7. Fluid guide; 8. Turbine shaft; 81. Third through hole; 82. Turbine; 9. Seal; 10. Drive chamber; 20. Inner drive chamber; 30. Outer drive chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0027] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0030] like Figures 1-4As shown, the rotating guide shoe proposed in this invention is connected to the front end of the casing. The rotating assembly can drive the guide shoe 2 to rotate, thereby performing reaming. This avoids the casing bottom scraping or inserting into the well wall, which would cause the casing to be obstructed. Simultaneously, an adjustment assembly is provided to regulate the rotation speed of the rotating assembly, thus solving problems such as casing jamming. When the casing encounters resistance during reaming, the adjustment assembly can increase the flow rate of fluid through the rotating assembly, increasing the rotation speed of the rotating assembly. This allows the entire casing to smoothly pass through the jammed section, achieving the goal of smoothly lowering the casing to the predetermined depth. Furthermore, the adjustment assembly can regulate the rotation speed of the rotating assembly to prevent situations where excessive speed causes the casing to rotate out of the new wellbore or become stuck due to torque during reaming.

[0031] The rotating guide shoe includes a cylinder 1 and a guide shoe part 2. One end of the cylinder 1 is connected to the casing, and the other end is connected to the guide shoe part 2. When the liquid enters the rotating guide shoe, it first passes through the cylinder 1, then enters the guide shoe part 2, and finally flows out of the rotating guide shoe. The cylinder 1 is equipped with an adjustment component and a rotation component. The rotation component can drive the guide shoe part 2 to rotate and thus make a hole, which can prevent the bottom of the casing from scraping the well wall or inserting into the well wall and causing the casing to be obstructed.

[0032] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes an adjustment shaft 3 and a guide fluid 5. The guide fluid 5 is fixedly disposed inside the cylinder 1 and has a first through hole 51. The adjustment shaft 3 is movably disposed inside the cylinder 1 and has an overflow hole 32. When the adjustment shaft 3 moves inside the cylinder 1, the first through hole 51 can selectively overlap with the overflow hole 32. Specifically, during normal squeegeeing, the first through hole 51 does not overlap with the overflow hole 32, and the liquid flows through the rotating assembly at a preset flow rate. The rotating assembly drives the guide shoe 2 to rotate at a preset speed. When the squeegee encounters resistance, the adjustment shaft 3 moves inside the cylinder 1, causing the first through hole 51 to overlap with the overflow hole 32. At this time, the flow rate of the liquid through the rotating assembly increases, and the rotating assembly drives the guide shoe 2 to rotate at a higher speed, thus achieving the goal of smoothly lowering the sleeve to the predetermined depth. Furthermore, multiple flow passages 32 are provided, with at least two flow passages 32 having different diameters. When the adjusting shaft 3 moves, the first through hole 51 on the guide fluid 5 can overlap with one of the flow passages 32. By overlapping different flow passages 32 with the first through hole 51, the flow rate of the liquid through the rotating component is changed, adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating component and thus the rotation speed of the guide shoe 2. This avoids situations where excessive rotation speed leads to the creation of a new wellbore or torque-induced casing blockage during the reaming process. It should be noted that the diameter of the flow passage 32 is no larger than the diameter of the first through hole 51, ensuring that flow passages 32 of different diameters can effectively change the liquid flow rate. "Choosing one to overlap" refers to the first through hole 51 overlapping with one of the multiple flow passages 32 of different diameters.

[0033] Preferably, in order to ensure the accurate movement of the adjusting shaft 3 within the cylinder 1, the adjusting assembly further includes a guide post 4, which is fixedly connected to the cylinder 1. The adjusting shaft 3 is provided with a guide groove 31, and the guide post 4 is located within the guide groove 31, thereby providing guidance for the movement of the adjusting shaft 3 within the cylinder 1.

[0034] Specifically, the guide groove 31 includes alternating long grooves 311 and short grooves 312. The guide post 4 can be selectively placed in either the long groove 311 or the short groove 312, thereby selectively overlapping the first through hole 51 with the flow hole 32. The flow hole 32 is correspondingly arranged with the long groove 311. When the guide post 4 is placed at the bottom of the long groove 311, the first through hole 51 overlaps with the flow hole 32. When the guide post 4 is placed in different long grooves 311, the first through hole 51 can overlap with flow holes 32 of different diameters. Specifically, during normal scribing, the guide post 4 is placed in the short groove 312, and the first through hole 51 does not overlap with the flow hole 32. The liquid flows through the rotating assembly at a preset flow rate. When the scribing encounters resistance, the guide post 4 moves from the short groove 312 to the long groove 311 and is located at the bottom of the groove. At the same time, the adjusting shaft 3 rotates in the opposite direction, and the first through hole 51 overlaps with the flow hole 32. The flow rate of the liquid through the rotating assembly increases, and the rotating assembly drives the guide shoe part 2 to rotate at a higher speed.

[0035] Furthermore, to ensure the driving force for the upward movement of the adjusting shaft 3, and to ensure that the adjusting shaft 3 can be stably positioned at the bottom of the long groove 311 or the short groove 312, the adjusting assembly also includes an elastic element 6. The elastic element 6 is sleeved on the outside of the guide body 5 and one end is connected to the adjusting shaft 3. It is used to drive the adjusting shaft 3 so that the adjusting shaft 3 tends to abut against the guide post 4. Preferably, the elastic element 6 can be a spring. At the same time, to ensure the driving force for the downward movement of the adjusting shaft 3, a driving cavity 10 is formed inside the cylinder 1. The driving cavity 10 is located between the guide body 5 and the adjusting shaft 3. The driving cavity 10 is connected to a hydraulic pump and can drive the adjusting shaft 3 so that the adjusting shaft 3 tends to disengage from the bottom of the long groove 311 or the short groove 312 and abut against the guide post 4. Preferably, a second through hole 52 is provided on the guide body 5, and the driving cavity 10 is connected to the hydraulic pump through the second through hole 52. The force that compresses the elastic element 6 on the adjusting shaft 3 comes from the pump pressure or liquid. Therefore, there is no need to install other mechanical power equipment at the wellhead. The rotating component is driven by water power, which reduces implementation limitations.

[0036] To ensure rotational reversal during the up-and-down movement of the adjusting shaft 3, and further to ensure the guide post 4 can smoothly move alternately between the long groove 311 and the short groove 312, the adjusting shaft 3 is also provided with a transition groove 313. The transition groove 313 includes an inclined section and is used to connect adjacent long grooves 311 and short grooves 312. When the guide post 4 moves out of the long groove 311, it passes through the inclined section of the transition groove 313 and then enters the adjacent short groove 312, ensuring that the guide post 4 can smoothly move alternately between the long groove 311 and the short groove 312, thereby ensuring the stability of the guide. Of course, to further improve the smoothness of the guide, inclined sections can also be provided in the long groove 311 and the short groove 312, which is not limited here.

[0037] Furthermore, the cylinder 1 is provided with a liquid inlet 11, and the shoe guide 2 is provided with a liquid outlet 21. The rotating assembly includes an inner drive chamber 20 and an outer drive chamber 30. The liquid inlet 11 is connected to the inner drive chamber 20 and selectively connected to the outer drive chamber 30. Both the inner drive chamber 20 and the outer drive chamber 30 are connected to the liquid outlet 21. During normal eye-cleaving, the liquid inlet 11 is only connected to the inner drive chamber 20, and the liquid flows into the inner drive chamber 20 through the liquid inlet 11. At this time, the rotating assembly drives the shoe guide 2 to rotate at a preset speed. When the eye-cleaving encounters resistance, the first through hole 51 is connected to the flow hole 32. At this time, the liquid inlet 11 is connected to both the inner drive chamber 20 and the outer drive chamber 30. Liquid flows into the liquid inlet 11, part of the liquid passes through the inner drive chamber 20, and the other part of the liquid enters the outer drive chamber 30 through the first through hole 51 and the flow hole 32, and finally flows out from the liquid outlet 21. At this time, the flow rate of the liquid through the rotating assembly increases, and the rotating assembly drives the shoe guide 2 to rotate at a larger speed.

[0038] Furthermore, the rotating assembly includes a turbine shaft 8. The side of the turbine shaft 8 closest to the cylinder 1 forms an outer drive chamber 30, and the side of the turbine shaft 8 furthest from the cylinder 1 forms an inner drive chamber 20. A turbine 82 is mounted on the turbine shaft 8 and is located in the outer drive chamber 30. When the liquid inlet 11 is only connected to the inner drive chamber 20, liquid enters the inner drive chamber 20 and causes the turbine shaft 8 to rotate. When the liquid inlet 11 is connected to both the inner drive chamber 20 and the outer drive chamber 30, a portion of the liquid passes through the inner drive chamber 20 and causes the turbine shaft 8 to rotate, while the other portion enters the outer drive chamber 30 and flows through the turbine 82 to form a swirling flow, thereby accelerating the rotation of the turbine shaft 8. At this time, the turbine shaft 8 is subjected to the dual driving force of the inner drive chamber 20 and the outer drive chamber 30 and thus rotates.

[0039] Furthermore, a guide fluid 7 is also provided inside the cylinder 1. The guide fluid 7 is rotatably connected to the rotating assembly and separates the inner driving cavity 20 and the outer driving cavity 30. One end of the elastic member 6 abuts against the adjusting shaft 3, and the other end abuts against the guide fluid 7. The guide fluid 7 can guide the liquid in the outer driving cavity 30 on the one hand, and provide support for the elastic member 6 on the other hand. Optionally, the guide fluid 7 is connected to the rotating assembly through a bearing.

[0040] The end of the rotating component away from the guide fluid 7 is also provided with a third through hole 81. The outer drive cavity 30 is connected to the inner drive cavity 20 through the third through hole 81. Then, when the first through hole 51 is connected to the flow hole 32, part of the liquid passes through the inner drive cavity 20, and the other part enters the outer drive cavity 30 through the first through hole 51 and the flow hole 32. Then it flows back to the inner drive cavity 20 through the third through hole 81, and finally flows out of the rotating guide shoe through the liquid outlet hole 21 on the guide shoe part 2, so as to avoid the liquid in the outer drive cavity 30 not being able to be discharged, which would cause the rotating component to not rotate.

[0041] To ensure the adjustment shaft 3 moves during normal screwing, it can be fixed to the cylinder 1 by shear pins 33. When the screwing encounters resistance, the shear pins 33 can be cut by applying pump pressure or liquid through a hydraulic pump, allowing the adjustment shaft 3 to move as if it were the cylinder 1, thus ensuring the working stability of the rotating guide shoe. To ensure the sealing between the cylinder 1 and the guide shoe part 2, a seal 9 is installed between them.

[0042] The working process of this rotating shoe guide is as follows:

[0043] 1. During normal eye-scraping process, the guide post 4 is located at the bottom of the short groove 312. The first through hole 51 does not overlap with the flow hole 32. The liquid inlet hole 11 is only connected to the inner drive cavity 20. The liquid flows into the inner drive cavity 20 through the liquid inlet hole 11 and flows out through the liquid outlet hole 21, thereby driving the rotating component to rotate. At this time, the rotating component drives the shoe guide part 2 to rotate at a preset speed.

[0044] 2. When the shaving encounters resistance, the adjustment component starts to work. First, pump pressure or liquid is applied to the drive cavity 10 through the second through hole 52. The downward force acting on the adjustment shaft 3 will increase until the shear pin 33 breaks. After the adjustment shaft 3 loses the axial constraint of the shear pin 33 and receives the driving force of the pump pressure or liquid, the adjustment shaft 3 begins to move downward. At the same time, the guide post 4 moves out of the short groove 312 and abuts against the inclined section of the transition groove 313, and finally abuts against the upper limit position of the transition groove 313. At this time, the guide post 4 corresponds to the next long groove 311, that is, the adjustment shaft 3 has realized the rotation reversal. When the guide post 4 moves toward the upper limit position of the transition groove 313, the elastic element 6 is continuously compressed; then when the guide post 4 abuts against the upper limit position of the transition groove 313, the pump stops, that is, the driving force on the adjusting shaft 3 is removed. At this time, the elastic element 6 recovers its deformation and pushes the adjusting shaft 3 upward. At the same time, the guide post 4 moves out of the transition groove 313 and into the long groove 311. When the guide post 4 abuts against the bottom of the long groove 311, the first through hole 51 overlaps with the flow hole 32, and the flow rate of liquid through the rotating assembly increases. Then the rotating assembly drives the guide shoe part 2 to rotate at a larger speed, so as to achieve the goal of smoothly lowering the sleeve to the predetermined depth.

[0045] Furthermore, the flow holes 32 are correspondingly arranged with the long slots 311, and at least two of the flow holes 32 have different diameters. By applying pump pressure or liquid to the drive chamber 10 and then stopping the pump, the above process is cycled, thereby allowing the guide post 4 to be placed in different long slots 311. When the guide post 4 is placed in different long slots 311, the first through hole 51 can overlap with the flow holes 32 of different diameters, thereby changing the flow rate of liquid through the rotating component, adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating component, and thus adjusting the rotation speed of the guide shoe part 2. Specifically, when the hydraulic pump stops, the guide post 4 is placed at the bottom of a certain long slot 311, and then pump pressure or liquid is applied to the drive chamber 10 again through the second through hole 52. After receiving the driving force of the pump pressure or liquid, the adjusting shaft 3 begins to move downward, and at the same time, the guide post 4 moves out of the long slot 311 and abuts against the inclined section of the transition slot 313, finally abutting against the upper limit position of the transition slot 313. At this time, the guide post 4 corresponds to the next short slot 312, that is, the adjusting shaft 3 has achieved rotation reversal. When the guide post 4 abuts against the upper limit position of the transition groove 313, the pump stops, thus removing the driving force on the adjusting shaft 3. At this time, the elastic element 6 recovers its deformation and pushes the adjusting shaft 3 upward. Simultaneously, the guide post 4 moves out of the transition groove 313 and into the short groove 312. Then, the above operation is repeated to make the guide post 4 move out of the short groove 312 and into the next long groove 311, thereby completing the placement of the guide post 4 in different long grooves 311, so that the first through hole 51 overlaps with the flow holes 32 of different diameters.

[0046] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotating guide shoe, connected to a sleeve, characterized in that, include: The cylinder (1) and the shoe guide (2) are provided. One end of the cylinder (1) is connected to the sleeve, and the other end is connected to the shoe guide (2). An adjustment component and a rotating component are provided inside the cylinder (1). When the liquid flows through the rotating component, the rotating component can drive the shoe guide (2) to rotate. The adjustment assembly includes an adjustment shaft (3) and a guide fluid (5). The guide fluid (5) is fixedly disposed inside the cylinder (1). A first through hole (51) is provided on the guide fluid (5). The adjustment shaft (3) is movably disposed inside the cylinder (1). An overflow hole (32) is provided on the adjustment shaft (3). The first through hole (51) can selectively overlap with the overflow hole (32) to change the flow rate of the liquid flowing through the rotating assembly. Multiple overflow holes (32) are provided. At least two of the overflow holes (32) have different diameters, and the diameter of the overflow hole (32) is not greater than the diameter of the first through hole (51). One of the first through holes (51) overlaps with the overflow hole (32). The adjustment assembly also includes a guide post (4), which is fixedly connected to the cylinder (1). The adjustment shaft (3) is provided with a guide groove (31), and the guide post (4) is located in the guide groove (31), thereby providing guidance for the movement of the adjustment shaft (3). The guide groove (31) includes alternating long grooves (311) and short grooves (312). The flow hole (32) is correspondingly arranged with the long groove (311). The guide post (4) can be placed in the long groove (311) or the short groove (312) so that the first through hole (51) selectively overlaps with the flow hole (32). When the guide post (4) is placed in different long grooves (311), the first through hole (51) can overlap with the flow hole (32) of different diameters.

2. The rotating guide shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly also includes an elastic element (6), one end of which is connected to the adjustment shaft (3) for driving the adjustment shaft (3) so that the adjustment shaft (3) tends to make the bottom of the long groove (311) or the short groove (312) abut against the guide post (4).

3. The rotating guide shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that, A transition groove (313) is also provided on the side of the adjusting shaft (3) away from the bottom of the long groove (311) and the short groove (312). The transition groove (313) includes an inclined section and is used to connect the adjacent long groove (311) and the short groove (312).

4. The rotating guide shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that, A drive chamber (10) is formed inside the cylinder (1). The drive chamber (10) is connected to a hydraulic pump and is used to drive the adjustment shaft (3) to move so that the adjustment shaft (3) has the tendency to disengage the bottom of the long groove (311) or the short groove (312) from the guide post (4).

5. The rotating guide shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder (1) is provided with a liquid inlet hole (11), and the shoe guide (2) is provided with a liquid outlet hole (21). The rotating assembly includes an inner drive cavity (20) and an outer drive cavity (30). The inner drive cavity (20) and the outer drive cavity (30) are both connected to the liquid outlet hole (21). The liquid inlet hole (11) is connected to the inner drive cavity (20). When the flow hole (32) is connected to the first through hole (51), the liquid inlet hole (11) is connected to both the inner drive cavity (20) and the outer drive cavity (30).

6. The rotating guide shoe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cylinder (1) is also provided with a guide fluid (7), which is rotatably connected to the rotating assembly and separates the inner driving cavity (20) and the outer driving cavity (30).

7. The rotating guide shoe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating assembly is provided with a third through hole (81) at the end away from the fluid guide (7), and the external driving cavity (30) is connected to the liquid outlet (21) through the third through hole (81).

8. The rotating guide shoe according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The adjusting shaft (3) is fixed to the cylinder (1) by a shear pin (33). When the shear pin (33) is disconnected, the adjusting shaft (3) can move relative to the cylinder (1).

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