Device and method for testing soil arching effect and soil resistance

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil arching effect and soil resistance testing device and method, and the device comprises a bottom bracket which is provided with a bottom layer steel plate; the structural frame is fixed on the bottom bracket; a plurality of groups of side surface brackets are arranged, and the plurality of groups of side surface brackets are detachably connected to the side surfaces of the structural frame respectively; the multiple sets of force application mechanisms are arranged, the multiple sets of force application mechanisms are arranged on the side face bracket and the bottom layer steel plate correspondingly, and each force application mechanism comprises multiple sets of force application frames arranged in parallel; the driving assembly is used for driving the force application frame to stretch out and draw back; the stress monitoring system comprises a soil pressure monitoring unit and a load monitoring unit; and the image acquisition module is arranged corresponding to the soil body. The device can be used for researching the evolution law and the resistance of single-side and double-side pressed soil bodies under the interaction of soil arches, and has obvious beneficial effects on the development and engineering application of related geotechnical theoretical foundations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a test device and test method for soil arching effect and soil resistance. Background Art

[0002] The research on soil arching effect and soil resistance is the geotechnical theoretical basis for solving relevant problems in the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The falling head test proposed by Terzaghi in 1943, as a common means for studying soil arching effect, has been gradually developed and achieved good results under the improvement and innovation of domestic and foreign experts and scholars, providing theoretical support and calculation basis for engineering applications such as anti-slide pile foundations, anchor reinforcement, and pile-net composite foundations. And soil resistance, as a key factor restricting foundation bearing and soil-structure interaction, has also received extensive attention from scholars.

[0003] With the acceleration of the process of human exploitation of nature, the topographic and geological conditions faced by the engineering environment are more complex and changeable. The emergence of a large number of special construction sites has brought unprecedented challenges to engineering design. At the same time, it has also triggered a lot of thinking among scholars. As a drainage structure, corrugated steel pipe culverts are widely used in subgrade engineering. With the increase of the project scale, the application of corrugated steel pipe culverts gradually tends to be characterized by large diameter and deep burial. In some construction sites, single-hole culverts no longer meet the drainage and flood discharge requirements, and thus the application of double-hole or even multi-hole corrugated steel pipe culverts appears. As a typical flexible structure, under the action of overlying fill load, the corrugated steel pipe culvert shows a deformation trend of vertical convergence and horizontal expansion, and produces an overall vertical displacement with the settlement of the fill at the culvert bottom. During the subgrade filling process, as the thickness of the overlying soil increases, the deformation of the culvert gradually increases, and the soil arch above the culvert changes accordingly, and the load is redistributed. For double-hole or even multi-hole structures, in addition to the load redistribution caused by the soil arching effect caused by the deformation of the culvert itself, the mutual influence of the soil arching effects of the overlying soil of adjacent culverts will make the load pattern acting on the culvert top plane complex and changeable. The horizontal deformation of the culvert squeezes the soil on the side of the culvert, making the soil tend to be compacted. The interaction between adjacent culverts makes the load distribution on the side of the culvert asymmetric. Thus, it brings great difficulties to the calculation of the stress and deformation of double-hole corrugated steel pipe culverts.

[0004] Adopting a reliable research plan and proposing an effective load distribution model are the keys to calculating the stress and deformation of double-hole or even multi-hole structures, and are also the theoretical support for promoting the engineering application of corrugated steel pipe culverts. As a basic method for geotechnical theoretical research, designing a test device that can simulate engineering examples and determining a reasonable test method are indispensable means for carrying out theoretical research. And how to simulate the process of the mutual action of soil arches and the continuous change of soil resistance caused by the continuous deformation of each point of the flexible double-hole corrugated steel pipe culvert is crucial to the success of this test. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a test device and test method for soil arch effect and soil resistance to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance, including:

[0007] A bottom bracket, on which a bottom steel plate is installed;

[0008] A structural frame, which is fixed on the bottom bracket. The structural frame is a regular polygonal hollow prism structure, and transparent baffles are detachably connected to each side surface of the structural frame respectively. A plurality of the transparent baffles enclose a filling area, and soil is filled in the filling area;

[0009] Side brackets, a plurality of groups of side brackets are provided, and the plurality of groups of side brackets are respectively detachably connected to the side surfaces of the structural frame;

[0010] Force application mechanisms, a plurality of groups of force application mechanisms are provided, and the plurality of groups of force application mechanisms are respectively arranged on the side brackets and the bottom steel plate. The force application mechanism includes a plurality of groups of parallel force application frames, and the force application frames are in contact with the soil;

[0011] A driving component, which is used to drive the force application frame to expand and contract;

[0012] A stress monitoring system, which includes an earth pressure monitoring unit and a load monitoring unit. The load monitoring unit is installed on the force application frame, and the earth pressure monitoring unit is arranged in the soil;

[0013] An image acquisition module, which is arranged corresponding to the soil;

[0014] Wherein, the earth pressure monitoring unit, the load monitoring unit, and the image acquisition module are all connected to a terminal system.

[0015] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the force application frame includes:

[0016] A channel steel section, which is in contact with the soil;

[0017] A bottom fixing backing plate, which is respectively fixed on the side bracket and the bottom steel plate through bottom backing plate bolts;

[0018] A top fixing backing plate, which is fixed on the channel steel section through a top fixing backing plate, and the top fixing backing plate is arranged opposite to the bottom fixing backing plate;

[0019] Scissor jack, the scissor jack is fixed between the bottom fixed backing plate and the top fixed backing plate;

[0020] Lead screw, the lead screw is threadedly connected to the scissor jack and is used to control the stroke of the scissor jack;

[0021] Wherein, the lead screw is in transmission cooperation with the drive assembly.

[0022] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the drive assembly includes a motor, the motor is respectively installed on the side bracket and the bottom bracket, and the output shaft of the motor is inserted with the lead screw through a connection assembly.

[0023] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the connection assembly includes:

[0024] Telescopic universal joint, there are two groups of telescopic universal joints, and the two groups of telescopic universal joints are respectively fixed on the end of the lead screw and the output shaft of the motor;

[0025] Hexagonal prism internal plug, the hexagonal prism internal plug is fixed to one end of one group of the telescopic universal joints;

[0026] Hollow hexagonal prism plug, the hollow hexagonal prism plug is fixed to one end of the other group of telescopic universal joints, and the hexagonal prism internal plug is inserted with the hexagonal prism internal plug.

[0027] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the load monitoring unit includes a load sensor and a thin-film pressure sensor. The load sensor is installed between the channel steel section and the top fixed backing plate, and the thin-film pressure sensor is installed on the side of the channel steel section away from the top fixed backing plate for monitoring the load borne by the channel steel section.

[0028] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the soil pressure monitoring unit includes soil pressure cells. There are several groups of soil pressure cells, and the several groups of soil pressure cells are respectively arranged in the soil for monitoring the stress of the soil.

[0029] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the side bracket includes three groups of grid plates. The three groups of grid plates are arranged in a U-shaped structure, and the grid plates and the structural frame are connected by bracket bolts.

[0030] According to the test device for soil arch effect and soil resistance provided by the present invention, the transparent baffle is a tempered glass plate.

[0031] A test for soil arch effect and soil resistance includes the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Assemble the device. Install the side brackets at the predetermined positions according to the test requirements, remove the transparent baffles of the side brackets at the corresponding positions, and arrange the force application mechanisms on the bottom steel plate and the side brackets respectively.

[0033] Step 2: Fill the soil in the filling area. The soil is filled and compacted in layers, and a colored sand layer is laid between each layer of soil to facilitate the observation of the soil displacement.

[0034] Step 3: Arrange the soil pressure monitoring units between each layer of soil respectively, arrange the load monitoring units on the force application frames, and connect both the soil pressure monitoring units and the load monitoring units to the terminal system.

[0035] Step 4: Arrange the image acquisition module on one side of the bottom bracket and corresponding to the transparent baffle.

[0036] Step 5: The driving component controls the force application frames at the corresponding positions to generate telescopic displacements, apply forces to the soil, monitor the soil stress through the soil pressure monitoring units, and the image acquisition module acquires pictures of the soil displacement state, and transmits the pictures and the stress change data to the terminal system for subsequent data analysis.

[0037] Step 6: After the test, clean the filled soil and conduct the next test.

[0038] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0039] The present invention can effectively simulate the soil arch effect caused by the vertical convergence deformation of the culvert top under the action of the overlying soil load through the vertical lifting of the force application frames. Through multiple groups of tests, various working conditions under different filling heights, pipe diameters, and pipe culvert spacings can be simulated, and different deformation amounts of each point of the pipe culvert can be simulated through the displacements of different force application frames in the same group of tests, thereby obtaining the test data on the evolution law of the soil arch effect under the interaction of the double - hole pipe culverts, which has guiding significance for solving the calculation theory of the soil arch effect. Through the horizontal displacement of the force application frames, the state of the single - hole and double - hole pipe culverts deforming and squeezing the surrounding soil under the action of the overlying soil load can be effectively simulated. Through multiple groups of tests, various working conditions under different filling heights, pipe diameters, and pipe culvert spacings can be simulated, and then the test data on the horizontal deformation of the pipe culvert and the soil resistance can be obtained, which is crucial for deriving the calculation theory of the soil resistance. Combining the above two aspects of research content, the stress and deformation states of the double - hole pipe culverts are completely simulated. The test results can provide a calculation theory basis for the stress and deformation of the double - hole pipe culverts, and have great reference value for the application of the double - hole or even multi - hole steel corrugated pipe culverts in engineering. Description of the Drawings

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cooperation relationship between the structural framework and the bottom bracket of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 Axonometric view of the force application frame of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 Front view of the force application frame of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic structure of the test device for the soil arch effect and soil resistance of the present invention Figure Ⅰ ;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic structure of the test device for the soil arch effect and soil resistance of the present invention Figure Ⅱ ;

[0046] Figure 6 Schematic structure of the test device for the soil arch effect and soil resistance of the present invention Figure Ⅲ ;

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the layout of the thin-film pressure sensor on the force application frame of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 Front view of the layout position of the earth pressure cell of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 Top view of the layout position of the earth pressure cell of the present invention.

[0050] Among them, 101, structural framework; 102, toughened glass plate; 103, bottom bracket; 104, bottom steel plate; 105, side bracket; 106, bracket bolt; 107, grid plate; 201, force application frame; 202, channel steel section; 203, scissor jack; 204, bottom cushion bolt; 205, bottom fixed cushion; 206, lead screw; 207, telescopic universal joint; 208, hexagonal prism inner pin; 209, top fixed cushion; 210, top cushion bolt; 301, motor; 401, load cell; 402, thin-film pressure sensor; 403, earth pressure cell; 404, colored sand layer. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] Referring to Figures 1 - 9 , the present invention provides a test device for soil arching effect and soil resistance, including:

[0054] A bottom bracket 103, on which a bottom steel plate 104 is installed;

[0055] A structural frame 101, which is fixed on the bottom bracket 103. The structural frame 101 is a regular polygon hollow prism structure. Transparent baffles are detachably connected to each side of the structural frame 101 respectively. A number of transparent baffles enclose a filling area, and soil is filled in the filling area;

[0056] Side brackets 105, several groups of side brackets 105 are respectively detachably connected to the sides of the structural frame 101;

[0057] A force application mechanism, several groups of force application mechanisms are respectively arranged on the side brackets 105 and the bottom steel plate 104. The force application mechanism includes several groups of parallel force application frames 201, and the force application frames 201 are in contact with the soil;

[0058] A drive assembly for driving the force application frame 201 to expand and contract;

[0059] A stress monitoring system, which includes an earth pressure monitoring unit and a load monitoring unit. The load monitoring unit is installed on the force application frame 201, and the earth pressure monitoring unit is arranged in the soil;

[0060] An image acquisition module, which is arranged corresponding to the soil;

[0061] Among them, the earth pressure monitoring unit, the load monitoring unit, and the image acquisition module are all connected to the terminal system.

[0062] In a further optimized solution, the force application frame 201 includes:

[0063] A channel steel section 202, which is in contact with the soil;

[0064] The bottom fixing backing plate 205 is fixed to the side bracket 105 and the bottom steel plate 104 respectively through the bottom backing plate bolts 204;

[0065] The top fixing backing plate 209 is fixed to the channel steel section 202 through the top fixing backing plate 209, and the top fixing backing plate 209 is arranged opposite to the bottom fixing backing plate 205;

[0066] The scissor jack 203 is fixed between the bottom fixing backing plate 205 and the top fixing backing plate 209;

[0067] The lead screw 206 is threadedly connected to the scissor jack 203 and is used to control the stroke of the scissor jack 203;

[0068] Among them, the lead screw 206 is in transmission cooperation with the drive assembly.

[0069] As the lead screw 206 rotates to control the lifting of the scissor jack 203, and then control the displacement of the force application frame 201, the simulation of the deformation of the culvert is realized. Multiple force application frames 201 can be used in a group of tests to simulate the deformation at different positions of the culvert. In the study of the soil arch effect on the top of the double-hole culvert, the force application frames 201 are installed in the model box and numbered in sequence. Select several middle force application frames 201 to remain stationary to simulate the filling soil between the two culverts. By controlling the number of stationary middle force application frames 201, different culvert spacings can be simulated. Select several force application frames 201 on both sides to have a set displacement amount to simulate the convergence deformation of the double-hole culvert along the vertical direction. By controlling the number of force application frames 201 with displacement, culverts with different diameters can be simulated. By making the force application frames 201 have different displacement amounts, the deformation differences at each point of the culvert can be simulated. In the study of soil resistance, the force application frames 201 are installed on the side of the model box, and the horizontal displacement of the force application frames 201 is controlled by the motor 301 to simulate the horizontal deformation of the culvert. By controlling different displacement amounts of the force application frames 201, the extrusion effect of the different deformations of each point of the culvert along the horizontal direction on the soil can be effectively simulated.

[0070] In a further optimized scheme, the drive assembly includes a motor 301. The motors 301 are respectively installed on the side bracket 105 and the bottom bracket 103, and the output shaft of the motor 301 is axially connected to the lead screw 206 through a connection assembly.

[0071] In a further optimized scheme, the connection assembly includes:

[0072] Two sets of telescopic universal joints 207 are provided. The two sets of telescopic universal joints 207 are respectively fixed to the ends of the lead screw 206 and the output shaft of the motor 301;

[0073] The hexagonal prism internal pin 208 is fixed to one end of a set of telescopic universal joints 207.

[0074] The hollow hexagonal prism pin is fixed to one end of the other set of telescopic universal joints 207, and the hexagonal prism internal pin 208 is inserted into the other hexagonal prism internal pin 208.

[0075] Using the telescopic universal joint 207 in combination with the pin connection is more convenient for overcoming the error during the alignment of the motor 301 and the force application frame 201, avoiding the problem of misalignment during the structural installation caused by the error. Using an independent controller can effectively control the speed and displacement of any force application frame 201, thus enabling the simulation of different deformation amounts at each point of the culvert.

[0076] In a further optimized solution, the load monitoring unit includes a load cell 401 and a thin-film pressure sensor 402. The load cell 401 is installed between the channel steel section 202 and the top fixed backing plate 209, and the thin-film pressure sensor 402 is installed on the side of the channel steel section 202 away from the top fixed backing plate 209 for monitoring the load of the channel steel section 202.

[0077] In a further optimized solution, the earth pressure monitoring unit includes earth pressure cells 403. There are several groups of earth pressure cells 403, and the several groups of earth pressure cells 403 are respectively arranged in the soil body for monitoring the earth pressure distribution.

[0078] When the force application frame 201 undergoes a vertical displacement to form an earth arch or a horizontal displacement to squeeze the soil body, the load in the soil body is redistributed, and the load acting on each force application frame 201 changes. The load cell 401 can collect the change amount of the load, and the thin-film pressure sensor 402 can also measure the change of the pressure. The two can be mutually verified. The earth pressure cell 403 can measure the earth pressure distribution inside the soil body. By processing through video imaging and PIV technology, the change of the soil displacement field in the model box can be observed and recorded in real time. Through a large number of model tests, the evolution laws of the earth arch effect and soil resistance under different pipe diameters, different culvert spacings, and different filling heights can be obtained, and the calculation theory of the earth arch and soil resistance can be analyzed and solved.

[0079] In a further optimized solution, the side bracket 105 includes three groups of grid plates 107. The three groups of grid plates 107 are arranged in a U-shaped structure, and the grid plates 107 are connected to the structural frame 101 by bracket bolts 106.

[0080] In a further optimized solution, the transparent baffle is a tempered glass plate 102.

[0081] A test on the earth arch effect and soil resistance includes the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Assemble the device. Install the side bracket 105 at the predetermined position according to the test requirements, remove the transparent baffle of the side bracket 105 at the corresponding position, and arrange the force application mechanisms on the bottom steel plate 104 and the side bracket 105 respectively.

[0083] Step 2: Fill the soil within the filling area. The soil is filled and compacted in layers, and a colored sand layer 404 is laid between each layer of soil to facilitate observing the deformation of the soil.

[0084] Step 3: Arrange the soil pressure monitoring units between each layer of soil respectively, arrange the load monitoring units on the force application frame 201, and connect both the soil pressure monitoring units and the load monitoring units to the terminal system.

[0085] Step 4: Arrange the image acquisition module on one side of the bottom bracket 103 and corresponding to the transparent baffle.

[0086] Step 5: The driving component controls the force application frame 201 at the corresponding position to generate telescopic displacement, apply a force to the soil, monitor the force on the soil through the soil pressure monitoring unit, and the image acquisition module acquires pictures of the soil displacement state. Transmit the pictures and the stress change data to the terminal system for subsequent data analysis.

[0087] Step 6: After the test is completed, clean the filled soil and conduct the next test.

[0088] When studying the soil arch effect, the structural frame 101 is installed on the bottom bracket 103. Tempered glass templates are installed on the four sides inside the frame. The applied force frame 201 used is placed on the first-layer steel plate of the bottom bracket 103. An electric motor 301 is installed for each applied force frame 201 that needs to displace to simulate the deformation of the culvert. The electric motor 301 is fixed to the grille steel plate on the back of the bottom bracket 103 by bolts. After complete assembly, the sample soil is filled in the model box. The middle applied force frame 201 is kept stationary, and the double-hole culvert is simulated by lifting or lowering the applied force frames 201 on both sides. The parameters of each electric motor 301 are set to control the different rising or falling rates and displacements of the applied force frame 201, so as to realize the simulation of different deformation amounts at each point along the vertical direction of the corrugated steel culvert. When studying the soil resistance, the structural frame 101 is installed on the bottom bracket 103, and the applied force frame 201 is no longer installed inside the bottom bracket 103. The bottom of the model box is closed with a tempered glass template. When simulating the horizontal deformation of the single-hole culvert squeezing the soil, three sides of the model box are closed with tempered glass templates, and a side bracket 105 is installed on one side. The applied force frame 201 is horizontally installed on the grille steel plate. An electric motor 301 is installed for each applied force frame 201 that needs to simulate horizontal displacement. When simulating the soil between the two culverts of the double-hole corrugated steel culvert being squeezed by the two culverts, two sides of the model box are closed with tempered glass templates, and a side bracket 105, an applied force frame 201, and an electric motor 301 are installed on the other set of opposite sides respectively, so as to effectively simulate the state of the culvert horizontally deforming and squeezing the soil between the culverts.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0090] The embodiments described above are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for soil arching effect and soil resistance, characterized in that include: A bottom bracket (103), wherein a bottom steel plate (104) is mounted on the bottom bracket (103); A structural frame (101), wherein the structural frame (101) is fixed on the bottom bracket (103), and the structural frame (101) is a regular polygonal hollow prism structure. Each side of the structural frame (101) is detachably connected to a transparent baffle, and a plurality of the transparent baffles are combined to form a fill area, and soil is filled in the fill area; Side brackets (105), wherein the side brackets (105) are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of side brackets (105) are detachably connected to the sides of the structural frame (101); A force applying mechanism, wherein the force applying mechanism is provided in a plurality of groups, wherein the plurality of groups of force applying mechanisms are respectively provided on the side bracket (105) and the bottom steel plate (104), and the force applying mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of force applying frames (201) provided in parallel, wherein the force applying frames (201) are in contact with the soil; A driving assembly, the driving assembly being used to drive the force applying frame (201) to extend and retract; A stress monitoring system, the stress monitoring system comprising an earth pressure monitoring unit and a load monitoring unit, the load monitoring unit being mounted on the force application frame (201), and the earth pressure monitoring unit being arranged in the soil; An image acquisition module, wherein the image acquisition module is arranged corresponding to the soil; Wherein, the soil pressure monitoring unit, the load monitoring unit and the image acquisition module are all connected to the terminal system.

2. The testing device for arching effect of soil and soil resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that The force applying frame (201) comprises: a channel steel section (202), wherein the channel steel section (202) contacts the soil; A bottom fixing pad (205), wherein the bottom fixing pad (205) is fixed to the side bracket (105) and the bottom steel plate (104) respectively via bottom pad bolts (204); A top fixing plate (209), wherein the top fixing plate (209) is fixed to the channel steel section (202) via the top fixing plate (209), and the top fixing plate (209) and the bottom fixing plate (205) are arranged opposite each other; a scissor jack (203), the scissor jack (203) being fixed between the bottom fixed plate (205) and the top fixed plate (209); a screw rod (206), the screw rod (206) being threadedly connected to the scissor jack (203) and being used to control the stroke of the scissor jack (203); Wherein, the screw rod (206) is in transmission cooperation with the drive assembly.

3. The testing device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to claim 2, wherein, The driving assembly comprises a motor (301), which is respectively mounted on the side bracket (105) and the bottom bracket (103), and the output shaft of the motor (301) is plugged into the screw rod (206) via a connecting assembly.

4. The testing device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to claim 3, wherein The connection component includes: A telescopic universal joint (207), wherein two groups of the telescopic universal joint (207) are provided, and the two groups of the telescopic universal joint (207) are respectively fixed to the end of the screw rod (206) and the output shaft of the motor (301); A hexagonal prism internal plug pin (208), the hexagonal prism internal plug pin (208) being fixed to one end of one set of the telescopic universal joints (207); A hollow hexagonal prism plug pin, the hollow hexagonal prism plug pin being fixed to one end of the other set of the telescopic universal joints (207), and the hexagonal prism internal plug pin (208) being inserted into the hexagonal prism internal plug pin (208).

5. A test device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, The load monitoring unit includes a load cell (401) and a thin film pressure sensor (402). The load cell (401) is installed between the channel steel section (202) and the top fixed backing plate (209), and the thin film pressure sensor (402) is installed on the side of the channel steel section (202) away from the top fixed backing plate (209) for monitoring the load borne by the channel steel section (202).

6. The testing device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that The earth pressure monitoring unit includes earth pressure cells (403). A number of groups of the earth pressure cells (403) are provided, and the number of groups of the earth pressure cells (403) are respectively arranged in the soil body for monitoring the earth pressure distribution.

7. The test device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that The side bracket (105) includes three groups of grid plates (107). The three groups of grid plates (107) are arranged in a U-shaped structure, and the grid plates (107) are connected to the structural frame (101) by bracket bolts (106).

8. The test device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that The transparent baffle is a tempered glass plate (102).

9. A test of soil arching effect and soil resistance, based on the test device for soil arching effect and soil resistance according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, assemble the device. Install the side bracket (105) at a predetermined position according to the test requirements, remove the transparent baffle of the side bracket (105) at the corresponding position, and arrange the force application mechanisms on the bottom steel plate (104) and the side bracket (105) respectively; Step 2, fill the soil body in the filling area. The soil body is filled and compacted in layers, and a colored sand layer (404) is laid between each layer of the soil body to facilitate observing the displacement of the soil body; Step 3, arrange the earth pressure monitoring unit between each layer of the soil body respectively, arrange the load monitoring unit on the force application frame (201), and connect both the earth pressure monitoring unit and the load monitoring unit to the terminal system; Step 4, arrange the image acquisition module directly in front of the bottom bracket (103) and corresponding to the transparent baffle; Step 5, the driving component controls the force application frame (201) at the corresponding position to generate telescopic displacement, apply a force to the soil body, monitor the force on the soil body through the earth pressure monitoring unit, the image acquisition module acquires pictures of the displacement state of the soil body, and transmits the pictures and the stress change data to the terminal system for subsequent data analysis; Step 6, after the test is completed, clean the filled soil body and conduct the next test.

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